考研考博-英語-吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Wehavedoneallwecouldandnowourcherishedprojectis（

）ournewCEO.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ontheagendaof

B.inthepowerof

C.undertheguidanceof

D.withtheguidanceof

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)ontheagendaof“列入會(huì)議議程的”；B選項(xiàng)inthepowerof“受……支配，在……的控制下”；C選項(xiàng)undertheguidanceof“在……的指導(dǎo)下”；D選項(xiàng)withtheguidanceof“在……的指導(dǎo)下”，作伴隨狀語表原因。由project（項(xiàng)目）與CEO（執(zhí)行總裁）之間的關(guān)系可知項(xiàng)目應(yīng)處于CEO的控制下較符合邏輯搭配。句意：我們已經(jīng)竭盡所能，現(xiàn)在我們珍視的項(xiàng)目掌握在新任CEO的手中。

2.單選題

Manycountrieshavemadeitillegaltotalkintoahand-heldmobilephonewhiledriving.Butthelatestresearchprovidesfurtherconfirmationthatthedangerlieslessinwhatamotorist’shandsdowhenhetakesacalltheninwhattheconversationdoestohisbrain.Evenusinga“hands-free”devicecanimpairadriver’sattentiontoanalarmingextent.

MelinaKunaroftheUniversityofWarwickandToddHorowitzoftheHarvardMedicalSchoolranaseriesofexperimentsinwhichtwogroupsofvolunteershadtopayattentionandrespondtoaseriesofmovingtasksonacomputerscreenthatwerereckonedequivalentindifficultytodriving.Onegroupwasleftundistractedwhiletheotherhadtoengageinaconversationabouttheirhobbiesusingaspeakerphone.AsDr.KunarandDr.HorowitzreportinPsychonomicBulletin&Review,thosewhoweremakingtheequivalentofahands-freecallhadanaveragereactiontime212millisecondsslowerthanthosewhowerenot.That,theycalculate,wouldadd5.7meterstothebrakingdistanceofacartravelingat100kph.Theyfoundthatthegroupusingthehands-freekitmade83percentmoreerrorsintheirtasksthanthosewhowerenottalking.

Theyalsoexploredtheeffectofsimplylisteningtosomething—suchasaradioprogram.ForthistheyplayedarecordingofthefirstchapterofBramStoker’s“Dracula”.Eventhoughthetestsubjectsweretoldtopayattentionbecausetheywouldbeaskedquestionsaboutthestoryafterwards,ithadlittleeffectontheirreactiontime.Dr.Kunarreckonsthathavingtothinkaboutresponsesduringaphoneconversationcompetesforthebrain’sresourcesinawaythatlisteningtoamonologuedoesnot.TheresearchledbyFrankDrewsoftheUniversityofUtahsuggeststhesamethingistrueoftheidlechatterofapassenger.

Punishingpeopleforusinghand-heldgadgetswhiledrivingisdifficultenough,eventhoughtheycanbeseenfromoutsidethecar.Stoppingpeoplemakinghands-freecallswouldprobablybeimpossible—especiallybecausemoreandmorevehiclesarenowbeingfittedwiththenecessaryequipmentasstandard.Persuadingpeopletoswitchtheirphonesoffaltogetherwhentheygetbehindthewheelmightbetheonlyanswer.Whoknows,theymightevencometoenjoynothavingtotakecalls.Andthey’llbemorelikelytoarriveinonepiece.

1.Whichbodypartismostaffectedbytalkingintoacellphonewhendriving?

2.InKunarandHorowitz’sexperiment,thesubjectswhoperformtaskswhiletalking____.

3.AccordingtoFrankDrews,listeningtoapassengertalking____.

4.Thelawforbiddingtheuseofhand-heldphoneswhendriving____.

5.Thebesthopeofstoppingpeopleusinghands-freephoneslieswith____.

6.Thepurposeofthepassageisto____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Hands.

B.Feet.

C.Eyes.

D.Thebrain.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.reactedmorequicklyandmadefewermistakes

B.reactedmorequicklyandmademoremistakes

C.reactedmoreslowlyandmadefewermistakes

D.reactedmoreslowlyandmademoremistakes

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.affectsdriversmorethanaphoneconversation

B.affectsdriversmorethanlisteningtoastory

C.haslesseffectonthedriversthanaphoneconversation

D.haslesseffectonthedriversthanlisteningtoastory

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.isnecessaryandfeasible

B.hasbeenfrequentlybroken

C.willarouseheateddebate

D.hasbeenwidelyobserved

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thelawmakers

B.carmanufacturers

C.driversthemselves

D.newtechnology6.Thepurposeofthepassageisto____.

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.informpeopleofthedangerofusingphoneswhiledriving

B.callonlawmakerstomakenewlawsontheuseofcellphones

C.offersuggestionsfordriverswhousecellphonewhiledriving

D.weighthebenefitsandharmsofusingphoneswhiledriving

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

第6題:A

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Whichbodypartismostaffectedbytalkingintoacellphonewhendriving?身體的哪個(gè)部位受開車時(shí)對(duì)著手機(jī)說話的影響最大？

A.Hands.A.手

B.Feet.B.腳

C.Eyes.C.眼睛

D.Thebrain.D.大腦

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞talkingintoacellphonewhendriving定位到原文第一段第二句，這句話講到“最新的研究（thelatestresearch）進(jìn)一步證實(shí)，危險(xiǎn)不在于司機(jī)打電話時(shí)手的動(dòng)作，而在于談話對(duì)大腦（hisbrain）的影響”，由此可知開車時(shí)打電話對(duì)大腦的影響最大，D選項(xiàng)“大腦”正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“手”，原文雖然提到了手的影響，但是對(duì)大腦的影響更大，該選項(xiàng)屬于本末倒置；

B選項(xiàng)“腳”，原文并未提及，屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“眼睛”，原文并未提及，屬于無中生有。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

InKunarandHorowitz’sexperiment,thesubjectswhoperformtaskswhiletalking____.在Kunar和Horowitz的實(shí)驗(yàn)中，做任務(wù)時(shí)說話的實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象____。

A.reactedmorequicklyandmadefewermistakesA.反應(yīng)更快，犯的錯(cuò)誤更少

B.reactedmorequicklyandmademoremistakesB.反應(yīng)更快，犯的錯(cuò)誤更多

C.reactedmoreslowlyandmadefewermistakesC.反應(yīng)更慢，犯的錯(cuò)誤更少

D.reactedmoreslowlyandmademoremistakesD.反應(yīng)更慢，犯的錯(cuò)誤更多

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞KunarandHorowitz’sexperiment定位到原文第2段。本段介紹兩人的實(shí)驗(yàn)，第3句說到“那些撥打相當(dāng)于免手電話的人的平均反應(yīng)時(shí)間比沒有接聽電話的人慢212毫秒（212millisecondsslowerthanthosewhowerenot）”，由此可知，做任務(wù)時(shí)說話的人反應(yīng)更慢；本段最后一句說到“他們發(fā)現(xiàn)使用免提工具的小組比不說話的小組多出83%的錯(cuò)誤（made83percentmoreerrors）”，由此可知，做任務(wù)時(shí)說話的人犯的錯(cuò)誤更多，綜上所述，D選項(xiàng)“反應(yīng)更慢，犯的錯(cuò)誤更多”表述正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)均與原文不符，屬于曲解原文。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

AccordingtoFrankDrews,listeningtoapassengertalking____.根據(jù)FrankDrews的觀點(diǎn)，聽乘客講話____。

A.affectsdriversmorethanaphoneconversationA.比電話交談對(duì)司機(jī)的影響更大

B.affectsdriversmorethanlisteningtoastoryB.比聽故事對(duì)司機(jī)的影響更大

C.haslesseffectonthedriversthanaphoneconversationC.比電話交談對(duì)司機(jī)的影響更小

D.haslesseffectonthedriversthanlisteningtoastoryD.比聽故事對(duì)司機(jī)的影響更小

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞FrankDrews定位到原文第3段最后一句，這句話說“FrankDrews的研究表明，乘客的閑聊也是如此（thesame）。”據(jù)此，往前定位文中介紹的前一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)論。前一句說到“Kunar博士認(rèn)為，電話交談時(shí)，思考對(duì)方的反應(yīng)會(huì)競爭大腦資源（competesforthebrain’sresources），而聽一段獨(dú)白則不會(huì)（listeningtoamonologuedoesnot）”，由此可知，該實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)論是，聽一段獨(dú)白對(duì)大腦的影響比電話交談小。而FrankDrews認(rèn)為乘客的閑聊也是如此，即乘客的閑聊對(duì)司機(jī)的影響也比電話交談小，C選項(xiàng)“比電話交談對(duì)司機(jī)的影響更小”表述正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“比電話交談對(duì)司機(jī)的影響更大”，與原文意思相反，屬于反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)“比聽故事對(duì)司機(jī)的影響更大”，原文并未有“聽故事”和“與乘客閑聊”兩者之間的比較，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“比聽故事對(duì)司機(jī)的影響更小”，原文并未有“聽故事”和“與乘客閑聊”兩者之間的比較，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thelawforbiddingtheuseofhand-heldphoneswhendriving____.法律禁止在開車時(shí)使用手持電話____。

A.isnecessaryandfeasibleA.是必要和可行的

B.hasbeenfrequentlybrokenB.經(jīng)常被違反

C.willarouseheateddebateC.將引起激烈的爭論

D.hasbeenwidelyobservedD.已經(jīng)被廣泛遵守

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞forbiddingtheuseofhand-heldphoneswhendriving定位到原文最后一段。本段第一句說到“懲罰那些在開車時(shí)使用手持設(shè)備的人已經(jīng)夠困難的了（difficultenough），即使他們可以從車外看到?！庇纱丝芍?，即使警察看到開車的司機(jī)用手持設(shè)備打電話，懲罰他們也很困難，說明這種現(xiàn)象很常見。本文第一句說到“許多國家已經(jīng)規(guī)定開車時(shí)對(duì)著手持手機(jī)打電話是違法的（illegal）?！本C上，B選項(xiàng)“禁止在開車時(shí)使用手持電話的法律經(jīng)常被違反”表述正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“是必要和可行的”，原文說懲罰那些違反該法律的人很困難，說明這個(gè)法律實(shí)行很困難，并不可行，選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，屬于曲解原文；

C選項(xiàng)“將引起激烈的爭論”，原文并沒有相關(guān)表述，該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“已經(jīng)被廣泛遵守”，與原文表述相反，屬于反向干擾。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thebesthopeofstoppingpeopleusinghands-freephoneslieswith____.阻止人們使用免提電話的最大希望在于____。

A.thelawmakersA.法律制定者

B.carmanufacturersB.汽車工廠

C.driversthemselvesC.司機(jī)自己

D.newtechnologyD.新的技術(shù)

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞stoppingpeopleusinghands-freephones定位到原文最后一段。本段倒數(shù)第2句說到“唯一的解決辦法（theonlyanswer）可能是說服人們?cè)陂_車時(shí)關(guān)掉手機(jī)（Persuadingpeopletoswitchtheirphonesoff）?！庇纱丝芍柚谷藗兪褂妹馓犭娫挼淖畲笙Ｍ谟谡f服司機(jī)自己關(guān)掉手機(jī)，C選項(xiàng)“司機(jī)自己”表述正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“法律制定者”，關(guān)于禁止使用手持電話的法律都很難實(shí)行，靠法律制定者制定法律阻止使用免提電話也不可行。

B選項(xiàng)“汽車工廠”，原文最后一段第2句說到“現(xiàn)在越來越多的車輛配備了使用免提電話必要的設(shè)備（fittedwiththenecessaryequipment）”，因此，汽車工廠是支持使用免提設(shè)備的。

D選項(xiàng)“新的技術(shù)”，原文并未提及，屬于無中生有。

6.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thepurposeofthepassageisto____.本文的目的是為了____。

A.informpeopleofthedangerofusingphoneswhiledrivingA.告知人們開車時(shí)使用手機(jī)的危險(xiǎn)

B.callonlawmakerstomakenewlawsontheuseofcellphonesB.呼吁立法者制定關(guān)于使用手機(jī)的新法律

C.offersuggestionsfordriverswhousecellphonewhiledrivingC.為開車時(shí)使用手機(jī)的司機(jī)提供建議

D.weighthebenefitsandharmsofusingphoneswhiledrivingD.權(quán)衡開車時(shí)使用手機(jī)的好處和壞處

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】本文一共4段，第一段提出觀點(diǎn)“打電話影響司機(jī)的大腦，開車時(shí)打電話，即使是免提電話也很危險(xiǎn)”；第2-3段分別介紹兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)證明打電話對(duì)司機(jī)大腦的影響；第4段說讓司機(jī)開車時(shí)不打電話只能靠司機(jī)自己。本文主體1-3段都在說開車時(shí)打電話很危險(xiǎn)，因此，本文的目的是A選項(xiàng)“告知人們開車時(shí)使用手機(jī)的危險(xiǎn)”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“呼吁立法者制定關(guān)于使用手機(jī)的新法律”，最后一段提到用法律解決這個(gè)問題很困難，幾乎不可能，所以作者的目的不會(huì)是呼吁立法者制定相關(guān)法律，屬于曲解原文；

C選項(xiàng)“為開車時(shí)使用手機(jī)的司機(jī)提供建議”，本文并未涉及提建議的內(nèi)容，該選項(xiàng)不是本文的目的，屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“權(quán)衡開車時(shí)使用手機(jī)的好處和壞處”，本文只提到了壞處，沒有提到好處，所以本文的目的不是權(quán)衡利弊，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

3.單選題

Herfacegaveher（

）whenshetoldalie.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.off

B.up

C.out

D.away

【答案】D

【解析】句意:當(dāng)她撒謊吋，她的面容出賣了她。

考查短語辨析。Giveoff釋放，放出，發(fā)出（氣體、熱量、氣味等）;giveup放棄,戒除,認(rèn)輸;giveout分發(fā),散發(fā),公開,宣布（消息等）;giveaway錯(cuò)失（優(yōu)勢(shì)）,泄露（秘密）,使露出真面目。因此D符合句意。

4.單選題

Forplayersofonlinerole-playinggamessuchasEverQuestandWorldofWarcraft,battlingmonstersandamassingtreasureisanenjoyableformofescapism.Yettherealandvirtualworldsareincreasinglyintertwined.Formanyyears,gameitemssuchasswordsorgoldhavebeentradedonline:virtualobjectsaresoldforrealmoneytothetuneofatleast$100millionayear.Butthelinksbetweenrealandvirtualeconomiesarenowbecomingfarmoreelaborate.

Lastmonth,aProjectEntropiaplayerpaidthegame’screators$26,500foranislandinthegame’svirtualworld.(Hehopestorecoupthemoneythroughtheminingandsellingplotstootherplayers.)Thismonth,anUltimaOnlineplayersetupaschemetoletplayasdonateitemsandcurrencyfortsunamirelief.Currencyexchangesevenallowgamerstomovefundsfromonegametoanother.

Noteveryoneapproves:somegamesbanthesaleofgameitems,afewencourageit,butmostturnablindeye.ButthesaleoftheProjectEntropiaisland,andthepopularityofWorldofWarcraft,agamewhichbansthesaleofin-gameitems,highlightanemergingsplit,saysEdwardCastronova,anexpertonvirtualeconomiesatIndianaUniversity.ProjectEntropiaanditssortareintendedtobealternativerealities,oftenwithastronglibertarianandfree-tradebent.WorldofWarcraftandothersimilargames,incontrast,arefantasieswithastrongsenseoffairplayinwhichstatusmustbeearnedaspartofrags-to-richesstoryline—sotradeingameitemsisdeemedtobeagainsttherules.

Suchbansareimpossibletoenforce.ButWorldofWarcraftisdesignedtomaketradinglessappealing,intwoways.Thefirstisbyimprovingthegamedesign.Iftheearlystagesofagamearetedious,playersaremoreinclinedtoskipthembybuyingratherthanearningin-gameitems.WorldofWarcraftisfunrightfromthestart,whichseemstohavereduceddemandforin-gameitemsoneBay.Tradingcanalsobeasymptomofmismanagementofthein-game’seconomy.Inflationisrampantinmostgames,duetotheconventionthatkillingamonsteryieldsamonetaryreward;risingpricesthenfuelreal-worldtrading.Hutnewergameshavemorecontroloverthemoneysupply,whichseemstoreducesuchtrading.

Normally,thisnewspaper’sdevotiontofreetradeisunwavering.Yet,curbingthetradeofin-gameitemsisdefensible,sincegameeconomiesarcruntomaximizefun,notefficiency.Whilewritinghisforthcomingbook,SyntheticWorlds,Mr.C'astronovahasbeenponderingwhetherrealeconomiescouldberunforfuntoo.“Wouldn'tthattiptheeconomicstextsontheirbeads?”hemuses.

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasapossibilityinonlinegaming?

2.Aplayerboughtanislandinanonlinegame（）.

3.AccordingtoPara.3,mostoftheonlinegameswhichhaveaneconomicaspect（）.

4.AccordingtoPara.4,howcanimprovedonlinegamedesignreducethetradeinonlinegame

items?

5.Whichofthefollowingcomesclosesttothenewspaper’sattitudetotradingonlinegameitems?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Sellingonlinegamingitemsforrealmoney.

B.Exchangingthecurrencyusedinoneonlinegameforthatusedinanother

C.Donatingmoneytocharity.

D.Payingotheronlinegameplayerstokillmonstersforyou.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.sothathecouldhavehisownprivateplacetoenjoyonlinegamingwithoutinterferencefromotherplayers

B.sothathecouldconductonlinebusinessusingtheresourcesavailableontheisland

C.sothathecouldcreatehisownalternativeonlinereality

D.becausehewantedtomaximizehisonlineentertainment

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.aresimilartoProjectEntropia

B.aresimilartoWorldofWarcraft

C.placeineffectualbansonthetradingofonlinegameitems

D.neitherencouragenorbanthetradingofonlinegameitems.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thedesignerscanpreventonlinetransactions,suchasthoseateBay.

B.Thedesignerscanmakeitinterestingtoplaythegame’slowerlevels.

C.Thedesignerscanhireeconomiststoadviseonmanagingthegame’seconomy.

D.Thedesignerscanincreasethesupplyoftheonlinecurrencyusedinthegame.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thenewspaperconsidersittobeeconomicallycorrect.

B.Thenewspaperbelievesthatitwouldbegoodtoapplythesystemtotherealworld.

C.Thenewspaperthinksthatonlinegamesareprimarilyforfun,sothereshouldberestrictionsonit.

D.Thenewspaperbelievesthatonlinegamesshouldbefreetomaketheirowndecisionsontheissue.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第二段“Lastmonth,aProjectEntropiaplayerpaidthegame’screators$26,500foranislandinthegame’svirtualworld.(Hehopestorecoupthemoneythroughtheminingandsellingplotstootherplayers.)Thismonth,anUltimaOnlineplayersetupaschemetoletplayasdonateitemsandcurrencyfortsunamirelief.Currencyexchangesevenallowgamerstomovefundsfromonegametoanother.上個(gè)月，ProjectEntropia的一名玩家向游戲開發(fā)者支付了2.65萬美元，購買了虛擬世界中的一座島嶼。(他希望通過開礦和賣地給其他玩家來收回這筆錢。)本月，一位名叫Ultima的在線玩家設(shè)立了一個(gè)計(jì)劃，讓playas為海嘯救災(zāi)捐贈(zèng)物品和貨幣。貨幣兌換甚至允許玩家將資金從一個(gè)游戲轉(zhuǎn)移到另一個(gè)游戲?！笨芍诰€游戲能夠捐獻(xiàn)資金給慈善事業(yè)，還可以賣掉游戲中的物品來換取錢，還可以兌換貨幣。故ABC三項(xiàng)在文中都有提及。答案D。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第二段“Lastmonth,aProjectEntropiaplayerpaidthegame’screators$26,500foranislandinthegame’svirtualworld.(Hehopestorecoupthemoneythroughtheminingandsellingplotstootherplayers.)上個(gè)月，ProjectEntropia的一名玩家向游戲開發(fā)者支付了2.65萬美元，購買了虛擬世界中的一座島嶼。(他希望通過開礦和賣地給其他玩家來收回這筆錢。)可知這名玩家想通過他買到的島嶼上的物品在網(wǎng)上做生意。故B項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第三段“Noteveryoneapproves:somegamesbanthesaleofgameitems,afewencourageit,butmostturnablindeye.并不是所有人都贊成:一些游戲禁止銷售游戲產(chǎn)品，一些鼓勵(lì)銷售，但大多數(shù)都視而不見?！笨芍蠖鄶?shù)游戲在銷售游戲產(chǎn)品問題上持中立態(tài)度，故D項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第四段“Iftheearlystagesofagamearetedious,playersaremoreinclinedtoskipthembybuyingratherthanearningin-gameitems.WorldofWarcraftisfunrightfromthestart,whichseemstohavereduceddemandforin-gameitemsoneBay.如果游戲的早期階段很乏味，玩家會(huì)更傾向于通過購買而不是賺取游戲中的物品來跳過這些階段?！赌ЙF世界》從一開始就很有趣，這似乎降低了eBay上對(duì)游戲內(nèi)置物品的需求?！笨芍狟項(xiàng)“設(shè)計(jì)師可以讓游戲的低級(jí)別變得有趣?！闭_。

5.推理判斷題。由最后一段“Yet,curbingthetradeofin-gameitemsisdefensible,sincegameeconomiesarcruntomaximizefun,notefficiency.然而，限制游戲內(nèi)物品的交易是有道理的，因?yàn)橛螒蚪?jīng)濟(jì)是為了最大化樂趣，而不是效率?！笨芍狢項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Evidence,reference,andfootnotesbythethousandtestifytoascrupulousresearcherwhodoesconsiderablejusticetoafullrangeofdifferenttheoreticalandpoliticalpositions.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.trustworthy

B.intelligent

C.diligent

D.meticulous

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“可靠的，信賴的”；B選項(xiàng)“智慧的，聰明的”；C選項(xiàng)“勤勉的，用功的”；D選項(xiàng)“一絲不茍的，小心翼翼的”；題干中scrupulous“小心的，一絲不茍的”，句意：數(shù)以千計(jì)的證據(jù)、參考文獻(xiàn)和腳注證明了一位一絲不茍的研究人員，他對(duì)各種不同的理論和政治立場都做出了相當(dāng)公正的評(píng)價(jià)。因此D選項(xiàng)最符合題意。

6.單選題

Materialculturereferstothetouchable,material“things”一physicalobjectsthatcanbeseen,held,felt,used—thatacultureproduces.Examiningaculture’stoolsandtechnologycantellusaboutthegroup’shistoryandwayoflife.Similarly,researchintothematerialcultureofmusiccanhelpustounderstandthemusic-culture.Themostvividbodyof“things”init,ofcourse,aremusicalinstruments.Wecannothearforourselvestheactualsoundofanymusicalperformancebeforethe1870swhenthephonographwasinvented,sowerelyoninstrumentsforimportantinformationaboutmusic-culturesintheremotepastandtheirdevelopment.Herewehavetwokindsofevidence:instrumentswellpreservedandinstrumentspicturedinart.Throughthestudyofinstruments,aswellaspaintings,writtendocuments,andsoon,wecanexplorethemovementofmusicfromtheNearEasttoChinaoverathousandyearsago,orwecanoutlinethespreadofNearEasterninfluencetoEuropethatresultedinthedevelopmentofmostoftheinstrumentsonthesymphonyorchestra.

Sheetmusicorprintedmusic,too,ismaterialculture.Scholarsoncedefinedfolkmusic-culturesasthoseinwhichpeoplelearnandsingmusicbyearratherthanfromprint，butresearchshowsmutualinfluenceamongoralandwrittensourcesduringthepastfewcenturiesinEurope,BritainandAmerica.Printedversionslimitvarietybecausetheytendtostandardizeanysong,yettheystimulatepeopletocreatenewanddifferentsongs.Besides,theabilitytoreadmusicnotationhasafar-reachingeffectonmusiciansand,whenitbecomeswidespread,onthemusic-cultureasawhole.

Musicisdeep-rootedintheculturalbackgroundthatfostersit.Wenowpaymoreandmoreattentiontotraditionalorethnicfeaturesinfolkmusicandarewillingtopreservethefolkmusicaswedowithmanytraditionalculturalheritage.Musiciansallovertheworldarebusywithrecordingclassicmusicintheircountryforthesakeoftheiruniqueculture.Asalways,people’saspirationwillalwaysfocusontheirindividualityratherthanuniversalfeaturesthataresharedbyallculturesalike.

Onemoreimportantpartofmusic’smaterialcultureshouldbesingledout:theinfluenceoftheelectronicmedia—radio,recordplayer,taperecorder,andtelevision,withthefuturepromisingtalkingandsingingcomputersandotherdevelopments.Thisisallpartofthe“information-revolution”,atwentiethcenturyphenomenonasimportantastheindustrialrevolutioninthenineteenth.Theseelectronicmediaarenotjustlimitedtomodernnations;theyhaveaffectedmusic-culturesallovertheglobe.

1.Researchintothematerialcultureofanationisofgreatimportancebecause（

）.

2.Itcanbelearnedfromthispassagethat（

）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,musicnotationisimportantbecause（

）

4.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethattheintroductionofelectronicmediaintothe

worldofmusic（

）

5.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ithelpsproducenewculturaltoolsandtechnology

B.itcanreflectthedevelopmentofthenation

C.ithelpsunderstandthenation’spastandpresent

D.itcandemonstratethenation’scivilization

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theexistenceofthesymphonywasattributedtothespreadofNearEasternandChinesemusic

B.NearEasternmusichadaninfluenceonthedevelopmentoftheinstrumentsinthesymphonyorchestra

C.thedevelopmentofthesymphonyshowsthemutualinfluenceofEasternandWesternmusic

D.themusicalinstrumentsinthesymphonyorchestraweredevelopedonthebasisofNearEasternmusic

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.ithasagreateffectonthemusic-cultureasmoreandmorepeopleareabletoreadit

B.ittendstostandardizefolksongswhenitisusedbyfolkmusicians

C.itistheprintedversionofstandardizedfolkmusic

D.itencouragespeopletopopularizeprintedversionsofsongs

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.hasbroughtaboutaninformationrevolution

B.hasspeededupthearrivalofanewgenerationofcomputes

C.hasgivenrisetonewformsofmusicculture

D.hasledtothetransformationoftraditionalmusicalinstruments

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Musicalinstrumentsdevelopedthroughtheyearswillsoonerorlaterbereplacedbycomputers.

B.Musiccannotbepassedontofuturegenerationunlessitisrecorded.

C.Folksongscannotbespreadfarunlesstheyareprintedonmusicsheets.

D.Thedevelopmentofmusiccultureishighlydependentonitsmaterialaspect.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.文章第一段examiningaculture’stoolsandtechnologycantellusaboutthegroup’shistoryandwayoflife提到研究文化相關(guān)的工具和技術(shù)是為了了解一個(gè)國家的歷史和生活方式，所以選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.文章第一段最后一句wecanoutlinethespreadofNearEasterninfluencetoEuropethatresultedinthedevelopmentofmostoftheinstrumentsonthesymphonyorchestra提到了交響樂團(tuán)的發(fā)展，交響樂是由近東傳播到歐洲的，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.文章第二段Besides,theabilitytoreadmusicnotationhasafar-reachingeffectonmusiciansand,whenitbecomeswidespread,onthemusic-cultureasawhole提及閱讀樂譜對(duì)音樂家產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響，并且對(duì)音樂文化也有很大的影響，選項(xiàng)A的描述與之相近，因此符合題意。

4.文章最后一段theinfluenceoftheelectronicmedia—radio,recordplayer,taperecorder,andtelevision,withthefuturepromisingtalkingandsingingcomputersandotherdevelopments提到了電子媒體的內(nèi)容，由此可知就像工業(yè)文明導(dǎo)致社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)變化一樣，這些電子媒體會(huì)導(dǎo)致一些新的音樂形式出現(xiàn)，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.文章主要提到了音樂的物質(zhì)文明，比如樂器、樂譜等來講述音樂文明的發(fā)展歷程，提到音樂文明的發(fā)展離不開物質(zhì)文明的發(fā)展，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

7.單選題

Iffacedandaccepted,failurecontributespersonalgrowthandoftenleadstoimprovedpersonalrelationships.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.facedandaccepted

B.contributes

C.leadsto

D.improved

【答案】D

【解析】考查介詞用法。to是不定式，后面的動(dòng)詞一般都要跟動(dòng)詞原形，而句子中的improved是過去分詞形式，并且leadtodosth.是固定用法。句意：如果面對(duì)并接受失敗，失敗有助于個(gè)人成長，并常常導(dǎo)致改善人際關(guān)系。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

8.單選題

Chadperformshis24-footaluminumboatpastyoungwillowtreesthatstickoutofthewatersoftheMississippiRiver.Sunshinedancesoffmaples,theirbranchesheavywith（1）springleaves.Buta

（2）inspectiondisclosestroublebehindthebeautifulsight.Rubbishis

（3）inalogjamandhangsfromthetrees’branches.

ForthenextthreehoursChasandhisteampullplasticbags,tanks,bottlesandevenbowlingpinsoutofthewater.Thenthey（4）forapicnictablecaughtinthetrees.

TheMississippiRiverBeautification&RestorationProjectbeganin1997（5）Chad’sone-manefforttopickuprubbishalonga400-milestretchofthe2340-mileriverstarted.Thatyear,oftenworking

（6）,the22-year-oldcleaned150milesofshoreline.

Atfirsttheprojectappearedimpossibleanduseless.ButChadtriedhisbesttofindsupporters,andwiththeirsupporting,hesoonhadanew

（7）andafive-manteam—theBoomCraneCrew.Lastyearalonethecrewpulledfromthewater44051gallondrums,1104tyresandenoughplasticbagstocoverafootballfield.Muchofthewastewillbe（8）.

“Chad’soperationistheonlyone（9）

inprogressontheriver,”saysMarkoftheMississippiRiverBasinAlliance,a（10）ofenvironmentalgroups.“It’sthebiggestI’veeverseenin20years,andheisinspiringotherstodothesame.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ripe

B.brown

C.falling

D.fresh

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.slower

B.quicker

C.closer

D.stricter

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.placed

B.piled

C.trapped

D.thrown

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.come

B.give

C.head

D.arrive

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.when

B.by

C.for

D.as

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.alone

B.hard

C.quietly

D.happily

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.car

B.boat

C.plan

D.crew

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.burned

B.buried

C.used

D.recycled

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.eagerly

B.actually

C.strongly

D.generally

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.lab

B.market

C.union

D.meeting

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:D

第6題:A

第7題:B

第8題:D

第9題:B

第10題:C

【解析】（1）考查上下文語義?？崭裉幮揎椀脑~語是leaves“樹葉”，其前面還有一個(gè)spring“春天的”修飾，春天的樹葉應(yīng)是D選項(xiàng)fresh“新鮮的”。

（2）考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)slower“較慢的”；B選項(xiàng)quicker“快一些”；C選項(xiàng)closer“更近些”；D選項(xiàng)stricter“更嚴(yán)格一點(diǎn)”。句意：但是……的檢查揭示了美麗景象背后的問題。只有更仔細(xì)些觀看才能發(fā)現(xiàn)美景后的問題，而仔細(xì)看的第一步是“靠近些看”，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

（3）考查動(dòng)詞辨析。此處為be動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語。A選項(xiàng)place“放置；任命；寄予”；B選項(xiàng)pile“累積；堆積”；C選項(xiàng)trap“使……陷入困境；捕捉”；D選項(xiàng)throw“投擲；拋”。句意：垃圾被漂浮阻塞的木頭……，或掛在樹枝上。河道上的木頭會(huì)把垃圾圈起來，一起漂浮在河面，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

（4）考查固定搭配。本句表示：接著他們駛向卡在樹中間的野餐桌。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有C選項(xiàng)head才可與空格后的for搭配，headfor表示“向……進(jìn)發(fā)”。

（5）考查時(shí)間狀語從句的用法。空格前后是兩個(gè)完整句子，因此空格處應(yīng)填入關(guān)聯(lián)詞，先排除B和C。句中說到的“密西西比河美化和還原項(xiàng)目”開始于Chad的“收集垃圾”行動(dòng)。因此主句與從句的動(dòng)作是同時(shí)發(fā)生的，排除A選項(xiàng)when，D選項(xiàng)正確。

（6）考查副詞辨析?？崭裉幵~語修飾前面的working因此為副詞詞性。A選項(xiàng)alone“獨(dú)自地”；B選項(xiàng)hard“努力地；困難地”；C選項(xiàng)quietly“安靜地；秘密地；平穩(wěn)地”；D選項(xiàng)happily“快樂地；幸福地”。句意：那一年，22歲的他經(jīng)?！ぷ鳎謇砹?50英里長的海岸線。上一句說到“one-maneffort一個(gè)人的努力”，因此A選項(xiàng)workingalone更符合文意。

（7）考查上下文語義。文章開頭提到了交通工具“24-footaluminumboat24英尺鋁船”，這里對(duì)應(yīng)的交通工具也應(yīng)是船，指Chad獲得支持后，有了新的船和一個(gè)五人團(tuán)隊(duì)、B選項(xiàng)正確。

（8）上下文語義。上一句說到，收集的垃圾是“gallondrum加侖桶、tyre輪胎和plasticbag塑料袋”，因此這些垃圾應(yīng)該被recycled“回收利用”，而不是焚燒或掩埋，自然也無法再使用。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

（9）考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)eagerly“急切地；渴望地”；B選項(xiàng)actually“實(shí)際上；事實(shí)上”；C選項(xiàng)strongly“鑒定地；強(qiáng)有力地”；D選項(xiàng)generally“通常；普遍地”。句意：……查德是唯一一個(gè)在河上開展此活動(dòng)的人。綜合句意及選項(xiàng)可知，此處B選項(xiàng)“事實(shí)上”符合邏輯與語境。

（10）考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)lab“實(shí)驗(yàn)室”；B選項(xiàng)market“市場；行情”；C選項(xiàng)union“聯(lián)盟；工會(huì)”；D選項(xiàng)meeting“會(huì)議；集合”。空格處部分是用來補(bǔ)充說明逗號(hào)前的“theMississippiRiverBasinAlliance密西西比河流域聯(lián)盟”，因此只有C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

“Ijustcouldn’tdoit.Idon’tknowwhatitis.It’snotembarrassment.Nothat’snotit.Yousee,you’reputtingyourheadinanoose;that’swhatitseemstome.”Derek,anarmedrobberwithalongrecordofjobs,wastalkingabouthoisting(shop-lifting).“NoIjustcouldn'tdoit.Imeanjustgoinginthere.”Hepausedtotrytofundamoreexactwayoffixing;hisantipathy.“Itellyouwhat.It’stooblatantformyliking.”

Itseemedafannywaytoputit.Pushingacoupleoftiesinyourpocketatashopwashardlythelastwordinextroversion,andevenabitonthediscreetsidewhencomparedtoallthatfiringofshotgunsandvaultingovercounterswhichmadeupthetypicalbankraid.

Butmyideasofshop-liftingwerestillboundupwithteenagememoriesofnickingpacketsofchewinggumfromthelocalnewsagents.Alotofguiltandnotmuchloot.Afterafewconversationswithprofessionalholsters,Irealizedthat“blatant”wasjustaboutright.

Nobodytookacoupleoftiestheytookthewholerack.Thefastmemberofthegangwouldwalkinniceandpurposefully.Theirjobwastosetupthegoods:perhapsputanelasticbawdroundtheendsofafewdozensilkscarves;movethevaluablepiecesofjewellerynearertheedgeofthecounter;slidethetiesontherackintoacompactbunch.Then,winesomebodyelsedivertstheassistantorprovidessomefortofmasking,thethirdmemberliftsthelot.

Ifthewalktothedoorisalittlelong,thentheremaybesomeoneelsetotakeoverforthelaststretch.Nooneisinpossessionformorethanafewseconds,andtherearealwaysacoupleofsparebodiestoobstructanyonewhoseemstobegettingtoonearthecarrier.

Storedetectiveswhomoveforwardwithwell-foundedsuspicionsmaystillfindthemselvesclutchingemptyair.Storedetectiveswatchforthreemaingive-sways:anysortofloiteringwhichlooksdifferentfromtheusualhangingaroundandditheringthatcharacterizestherealcustomer;anycovertcontactbetweenindividualsshownnoothersignofknowingeachother;anyover-friendlinesstowardssalesstaffwhichmightbeactingasadistraction.“There’soneotherlittleangle”saidonedetective.“Ioftenpoproundthebackstairs;that’swhereyou’lloccasionallyfindoneofthem;tryingtorelaxandgetthemselvesintherightmoodbeforestartingthenextjob.”

1.Thebankrobberwouldn’tconsidershop-liftingbecause（）.

2.Thewritersexperienceledtothinkthatmostshop-lifters（）.

3.Theroleofthefirstmemberofthegangisto（）.

4.Professionalshop-liftersavoidbeingcaughtintheactby（）.

5.Potentialshop-liftersmaybeidentifiedwhenthey（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.itwasbeneathhisdignity

B.thepenaltiesweretoohigh

C