考研考博-英語-同濟(jì)大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-同濟(jì)大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.寫作題

Writeanessayofatleast250wordsonthetopicMyViewonHighHousingPrice.Youarerequiredtobaseyourwritingonthefollowingoutline.

(1)問題與現(xiàn)狀

(2)危害

(3)原因

(4)解決辦法

【答案】MyViewonHighHousingPrice2.單選題

Theseveranceofchurchandstateisabasicprincipleofthatgovernment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.coalition

B.separation

C.succession

D.interchangeability

【答案】B

【解析】severance意為分離，隔離。coalition聯(lián)合，合并；separation分離，間隔；succession連續(xù)，繼位；interchangeability可交換性。選項(xiàng)B與之意思相近。

3.單選題

Nextsemester,Susanmusttakethreecompulsorycourses.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.formal

B.voluntary

C.practical

D.required

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。compulsory“義務(wù)的；必修的；被強(qiáng)制的”；A選項(xiàng)formal“正式的；拘謹(jǐn)?shù)?；有條理的”；B選項(xiàng)voluntary“自愿的；故意的”；C選項(xiàng)practical“實(shí)際的；實(shí)用性的”；D選項(xiàng)required“必需的；必修的”。句意：下學(xué)期，蘇珊必須修三門必修課。根據(jù)句中“courses課程”可知compulsory在這里的意思為“必修的”，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.翻譯題

人們不會(huì)再建造大學(xué)校，而是會(huì)縮減現(xiàn)今存在的學(xué)校的規(guī)模以滿足不斷變化的學(xué)生需求，這些學(xué)生愿意把很多時(shí)間花在不到校學(xué)習(xí)上。隨著每天到校的學(xué)生越來越少，需要的設(shè)備也就越來越少，那么，在設(shè)備上的投資也就越來越少，設(shè)備的價(jià)值很快也就喪失了。教育機(jī)構(gòu)的電腦會(huì)被連接到能提供幾乎是沒有限制的計(jì)算能力和不斷更新的軟件的網(wǎng)絡(luò)上。在科技和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施上節(jié)省下來的資金會(huì)被用到為所有學(xué)生提供更好的教學(xué)設(shè)施，通過掌上電腦給所有學(xué)生提供可以進(jìn)入到計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中心的接入口。學(xué)生將用這些掌上電腦完成所有的學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)，上傳和下載信息，打印報(bào)告，進(jìn)入網(wǎng)絡(luò)，還有就是存儲(chǔ)他們研究的結(jié)果。

不公正并不會(huì)在2010年就消失。然而，無論是因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)等級(jí)，還是精神或體格的需要，富人和窮人之間的不平等會(huì)直接通過政策，管理和經(jīng)濟(jì)上的優(yōu)先權(quán)加以削弱。這些優(yōu)先權(quán)會(huì)促使將用于建筑和管理的費(fèi)用轉(zhuǎn)向以學(xué)生為驅(qū)動(dòng)的費(fèi)用，即為所有的學(xué)生準(zhǔn)備可以進(jìn)入到先進(jìn)學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境的必備的學(xué)習(xí)工具。所有的學(xué)生都將有機(jī)會(huì)讓他們自己為充滿競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的新經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)做好準(zhǔn)備。教育機(jī)會(huì)不再會(huì)因?yàn)閭€(gè)人出身低或是沒有資源而被損失掉。

社區(qū)會(huì)在教育中扮演更為重要的角色。當(dāng)?shù)氐钠髽I(yè)會(huì)在學(xué)生的專業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)準(zhǔn)備中發(fā)揮重要的作用。這些企業(yè)如果在此活動(dòng)中表現(xiàn)突出的話，可以接受稅務(wù)減免。

【答案】【參考譯文】

AVisionofEducationintheYear20105.單選題

Thereisnodoubt______thecompanyhasmadetherightdecisiononthesalesproject.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.why

B.that

C.whether

D.when

【答案】B

【解析】考查同位語從句。doubt后面的that為同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，修飾doubt。doubt引導(dǎo)的主從復(fù)合句中，用否定式時(shí)后面的引導(dǎo)詞只能是that。相反如果doubt引導(dǎo)肯定意義的主從復(fù)合句中，引導(dǎo)詞要用whether。句意：毫無疑問，公司對(duì)銷售項(xiàng)目的決定是正確的。

6.單選題

Themostimportantenvironmentalinfluenceonfishiswatertemperature,forfishtendtotakeonthetemperatureoftheirsurroundings.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.assume

B.regulate

C.avoid

D.exceed

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。takeon表示“呈現(xiàn)，具有”。A項(xiàng)assume“假定，采取”，B項(xiàng)regulate“調(diào)節(jié)，校準(zhǔn)”，C項(xiàng)avoid“避免，消除”，D項(xiàng)exceed“超過，勝過”。句意：水溫是對(duì)于魚來說最重要的環(huán)境影響因素，魚一般傾向于調(diào)節(jié)自己的溫度以使其與周圍的溫度相同。根據(jù)題意該題選B。

7.單選題

Shewasso（）theplaythatshecriedinthefinalact.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.involvedin

B.takenin

C.givenin

D.goneinto

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。involvein“參與，涉及”；takein“欺騙；接受；吸收”；givein“屈服，讓步”；gointo“進(jìn)入；研究；參與”。句意：她將自己完全投入到那個(gè)話劇中，以致于在最后一幕哭了。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

8.單選題

Hipreplacementsurgeryis（）jointreplacementsurgeryintheU.S.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thesinglemostfrequent

B.themostsinglefrequent

C.thesinglefrequent

D.asinglefrequent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞排序。按照形容詞最高級(jí)用法，themost排在最前面，single表示種類，frequent表示頻率，處于常規(guī)形容詞排序之外，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.翻譯題

Youthisnotatimeoflifeitisastateofmind.Itisnotamatterofredcheeks,redlipsandsuppleknees.Itisatemperofthewill;aqualityoftheimagination;avigoroftheemotions;itisafreshnessofthedeepspringsoflife.Youthmeansatemperamentalpredominanceofcourageovertimidity,oftheappetiteforadventureoveralifeofease.Thisoftenexistsinamanoffifty,morethaninaboyoftwenty.Nobodygrowsoldbymerelylivinganumberofyears;peoplegrowoldbydesertingtheirideals.

【答案】【參考譯文】

青春不是年華，而是心境；青春不是桃面、丹唇、柔膝，而是深沉的意志，恢宏的想象，炙熱的戀情；青春是生命的深泉在涌流。

青春氣貫長虹，勇銳蓋過怯弱，進(jìn)取壓倒茍安。如此銳氣，二十后生而有之，六旬男子則更多見。年歲有加，并非垂老，理想丟棄，方墮暮年。

10.填空題

Directions:Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Ftofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Thereis|oneextrachoice,whichdoesnotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

GhostshipsAutonomouscargovesselscouldsetsailwithoutacrewunderthewatchfuleyeofcaptainsinshore-basedsimulators

Militarydronesalreadyflyfrequentmissionsandcivilianoperationsusingunmannedaircraftarecoming.Driverlesscarsareclockingupthousandsoftestmiles.(41)Indeed,themaritimeindustryhasstartedtothinkaboutwhatwouldberequiredtolaunchalatter-dayMarieCdeste.

(42)Thebridgesofsomemodernvesselsarenowmorelikelytocontaincomputerscreensandjoysticksthanenginetelegraphsandagiantship’swheel.ThelatestsupplyshipsservingtheoffshoreoilandgasindustryintheNorthSea,forinstance,usedynamicpositioningsystemswhichcollectdatafromsatellites,gyrocompasses,andwindandmotionsensorstoautomaticallyholdtheirpositionwhentransferringcargo(alsodonebyremotecontrol)toandfromplatforms,evenintheheaviestofswells.

(43)Asintheairandontheroad,robustcontrolsystemswillbeneededtoconformtoexistingregulations.

Themaritimeindustryisinterestedincrewlessshipsfortworeasons.Thefirstissafety.Mostaccidentsatseaaretheresultofhumanerror,justastheyareincarsandplanes.(44)

Thesecondreasonis,ofcourse,cost.Itisbecomingincreasinglydifficulttosignupcompetentcrewpreparedtospendmonthsawayatsea.Moreover,somevoyagesarelikelytogetevenlongerforshipscarryingnon-urgentcargo.Bysomeaccounts,a30%reductioninspeedbyabulkcarriercansavearound50%infuel.(45)Removingthecrew,though,alsoremovestheneedfortheiraccommodationanditsassociatedequipment,likeheatingandplumbing.Andthatprovidesroomtocarrymorecargo.

A.Ships,likeaircraftandcars,areincreasinglycontrolledbyelectronicsystems,whichmakesautomationeasier.

B.So,ifhumanoperatorsarereplacedbysophisticatedsensorsandcomputersystems,autonomousvesselsshould,intheory,makeshippingsafer.

C.Sowhynotletremote-controlledshipssetsailwithoutacrew?

D.Somethingsimilarisbeingproposedforautonomouscivildrones,withground-basedpilotsrespondingtocommunicationsandair-trafficcontrolinstructionsasiftheywereinthecockpit.

E.Thismeansslowersteamingcouldprovidebigsavingsinfuelcosts,butitwouldbeattheexpenseofincreasedexpenditureoncrewfortheselongervoyages,bothinwagesandforthe“hotel”facilitiesrequiredonboard.

F.However,asisalsothecasewithpilotlessaircraftanddriverlesscars,itisnotsomuchatechnologicalchallengethathastobeovercomebeforeautonomousshipscansetsail,butregulatoryandsafetyconcerns.

【答案】41.C

42.A

43.F

44.B

45.E

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.Ships,likeaircraftandcars,areincreasinglycontrolledbyelectronicsystems,whichmakesautomationeasier.A.像飛機(jī)和汽車一樣，船舶越來越多地由電子系統(tǒng)控制，這使得自動(dòng)化更容易。

B.So,ifhumanoperatorsarereplacedbysophisticatedsensorsandcomputersystems,autonomousvesselsshould,intheory,makeshippingsafer.B.因此，如果人工操作員被先進(jìn)的傳感器和計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)取代，自動(dòng)駕駛船舶理論上應(yīng)該會(huì)使航運(yùn)更安全。

C.Sowhynotletremote-controlledshipssetsailwithoutacrew?C.那么，為什么不讓遙控船只在沒有船員的情況下啟航呢？

D.Somethingsimilarisbeingproposedforautonomouscivildrones,withground-basedpilotsrespondingtocommunicationsandair-trafficcontrolinstructionsasiftheywereinthecockpit.D.類似的東西也被提議用于自主民用無人機(jī)，讓地面飛行員對(duì)通信和空中交通管制指令做出反應(yīng)，就像他們?cè)隈{駛艙里一樣。

E.Thismeansslowersteamingcouldprovidebigsavingsinfuelcosts,butitwouldbeattheexpenseofincreasedexpenditureoncrewfortheselongervoyages,bothinwagesandforthe“hotel”facilitiesrequiredonboard.E.這意味著減速航行可以大幅節(jié)省燃料成本，但這將以增加船員在這些長途航行中的支出為代價(jià)，包括工資和船上所需的“酒店”設(shè)施。

F.However,asisalsothecasewithpilotlessaircraftanddriverlesscars,itisnotsomuchatechnologicalchallengethathastobeovercomebeforeautonomousshipscansetsail,butregulatoryandsafetyconcerns.F.然而，就像無人駕駛飛機(jī)和無人駕駛汽車一樣，在無人駕駛船舶起航之前，需要克服的與其說是技術(shù)挑戰(zhàn)，不如說是監(jiān)管和安全方面的擔(dān)憂。

41.前一句提到“無人駕駛汽車的測(cè)試?yán)锍桃堰_(dá)數(shù)千英里”，后一句說到“海運(yùn)業(yè)已經(jīng)開始考慮建造現(xiàn)代的船舶需要什么條件”，從中可以推測(cè)，空格這一句應(yīng)該是問無人駕駛的船舶，C項(xiàng)正確。

42.該段第二句提到“現(xiàn)在，一些現(xiàn)代船只的船橋上更有可能裝有電腦屏幕和操縱桿，而不是發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)電報(bào)和巨型輪船的輪子”，并且后面用北海海上石油和天然氣行業(yè)服務(wù)的船舶舉例，來描述船舶上的電子系統(tǒng)控制，所以該段第一句與電子系統(tǒng)控制有關(guān)，故A項(xiàng)正確。

43.根據(jù)該段第二句“就像在空中和道路上一樣，魯棒控制系統(tǒng)將需要符合現(xiàn)有法規(guī)（existingregulations）”，可知這一段與上一段是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，這一段描寫的是無人駕駛船舶將遇到的一些問題，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)正確。

44.該段講的是海運(yùn)業(yè)對(duì)無船員船舶感興趣的其中一個(gè)原因，即安全，所以最后一句也是對(duì)安全的描述，只有B項(xiàng)符合。

45.該段講的是海運(yùn)業(yè)對(duì)無船員船舶感興趣的另外一個(gè)原因，即成本，所以該段都是對(duì)成本的闡述，E項(xiàng)正確。

11.填空題

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithfivequestions.Afteryouhavereadthepassage,answereachquestioninEnglish.WritedownyouransweronANSWERSHEET.

Alanguageisasystemofsounds,gestures,orcharactersusedbyhumanstocommunicatetheirideasandfeelings.Thereareabout4,000spokenlanguagesintheworld.Somearespokenbymillionsofpeople.Otherlanguageshaveonlyafewspeakers.

Alllanguageshaverulesforformingwordsandfororderingthosewordsinsentences.Inwrittenlanguages,meaningisexpressedthroughasystemofcharactersandrulesforcombiningthosecharacters.Inspokenlanguages,meaningisexpressedthroughasystemofsoundsandrulesforcombiningthosesounds.Manydeafpeopleusesignlanguages,inwhichgesturesdotheworkofthesoundsystemofspokenlanguages.

WordorderismoreimportantinEnglishthanitisinsomeotherlanguages,suchasRussian.ThesoundsystemisveryimportantinChineseandinmanylanguagesspokeninWestAfrica.

Languagesarealwayschanging,buttheychangeveryslowly.Peopleinventnewwordsfortheirlanguage,borrowwordsfromotherlanguages,andchangethemeaningsofwordsasneeded.Forexample,theEnglishwordbytewasinventedbycomputerspecialistsin1959.TheEnglishwordtomatowasborrowedfromNahuat,anAmericanIndianlanguagespokeninMexico.TheEnglishwordmeatoncereferredtofoodingeneral.

Thereareseveralmajorlanguagefamiliesintheworld.Thelanguagesineachfamilyarerelated,andscientiststhinktheycamefromthesameparentfamily.Languagefamiliescomeindifferentsizes.TheAustronesianfamilycontainsatleast500languages,includingPilipino,Malay,andMaori.TheBasquelanguage,spokeninnorthernSpain,istheonlymemberofitslanguagefamily.

TheIndo-Europeanlanguagefamilycontains55languages,includingEnglish,German,Spanish,Russian,andHindi.AnotherlanguagefamilyisSino-Tibetan,whichincludesChinese,Burmese,andTibetan.TheAfro-AsiaticfamilyincludesArabic,Hebrew,andAmharic.Thereareabout150AmericanIndianlanguagesspokentoday.Theselanguageshavemanydifferencesandhavebeendividedintomorethan50languagefamilies.

Peoplelearnlanguagesbylistening,copyingwhattheyhear,andusingthelanguage.Mostchildrenlearntheirfirstlanguageseasily,andsometimesotherlanguagesaswell.Adultsoftenmustworkharderatlearningasecondlanguage.

1.Howmanylanguagesarespokenallovertheworld?

2.Whatarethelanguagerulesfor?

3.Howismeaningexpressedinsignlanguage?

4.WhatismoreimportantinEnglishcomparedwithotherlanguages?

5.Whichlanguageistheonlymemberofitslanguagefamily?

【答案】1.About4,000spokenlanguages.

2.Formingwordsandorderingthosewordsinsentences.

3.Bygestures.

4.Wordorder.

5.TheBasquelanguage.

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.Howmanylanguagesarespokenallovertheworld?1.世界上有多少種語言？

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】第一段第二句提到“世界上大約有4000種語言”可知，答案為“大約4000種”。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Whatarethelanguagerulesfor?2.語言規(guī)則是什么？

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段第一句“所有的語言都有構(gòu)詞和排列句子的規(guī)則”可知，語言規(guī)則是“構(gòu)詞和排列句子”。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.Howismeaningexpressedinsignlanguage?3.如何用手語表達(dá)意思？

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段最后一句“許多聾人使用手語，在手語中，手勢(shì)起到了口語聲音系統(tǒng)的作用”可知，聾人通過手勢(shì)表達(dá)自己的意思。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.WhatismoreimportantinEnglishcomparedwithotherlanguages?4.與其他語言相比，英語中什么更重要？

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第三段第一句“詞序在英語中比在其他一些語言中更重要，比如俄語”可知，英語中詞序更重要。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

5.Whichlanguageistheonlymemberofitslanguagefamily?5.哪一種語言是其語系的唯一成員？

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第五段最后一句“西班牙北部使用的巴斯克語是該語系的唯一成員”可知，巴斯克語是其語系的唯一成員。

12.單選題

Theoutlineofthefigurewasbarely（

）inthedarkness.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.susceptible

B.perceptive

C.invisible

D.perceptible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。susceptible意為“易受影響的”；perceptive意為“有知覺力的”；invisible意為“看不見的”；perceptible意為“可理解的，可認(rèn)識(shí)的”。

句意：沒有一絲光，這個(gè)圖形的輪廓很難在黑暗中辨認(rèn)。

13.單選題

Thefootballclubwill

newmembersthefirstweeknextmonth.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.subscribe

B.absorb

C.register

D.recruit

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。Subscribe“簽署”；absorb“吸收；吸引”；register“登記”；recruit“征募”。句意：下個(gè)月第一周這個(gè)足球俱樂部會(huì)招募新成員。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

14.單選題

Thedetectiveandhisassistanthavebegunto（）themysteriousmurder.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.comethrough

B.lookinto

C.makeover

D.seeto

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)comethrough“經(jīng)歷，安然度過”，B項(xiàng)lookinto“調(diào)查，觀察”，C項(xiàng)makeover“轉(zhuǎn)讓，移交”，D項(xiàng)seeto“注意，負(fù)責(zé)”。根據(jù)前面的關(guān)鍵詞detectiveandhisassistant（偵探和他的助手），可猜測(cè)空格部分應(yīng)該表示“調(diào)查”。句意：偵探和他的助手已經(jīng)開始調(diào)查那宗神秘的謀殺案。故該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Lookingatthephoto,itsuddenly（

）onhimthathehadmetthewantedmansomewhere.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.dawned

B.occurred

C.happened

D.known

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)dawn“破曉；出現(xiàn)；被領(lǐng)悟”；B選項(xiàng)occur“發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)”；C選項(xiàng)happen“發(fā)生，碰巧”；D選項(xiàng)know“了解，熟悉”。dawnonsb“（事物）變得令人明白”；occurtosb“（主意或想法突然）浮現(xiàn)于腦中，被想起，被想到”，句意為：看著照片，他突然想到，他在哪個(gè)地方遇到過這個(gè)通緝犯。故正確答案選A。

16.單選題

Itwassopleasingtofindabreezeupthereallayingthefervidafternoon.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.incendiary

B.incandescent

C.dispassionate

D.contumacious

【答案】B

【解析】考查同義形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)incendiary“縱火的，煽動(dòng)性的，能引起燃燒的，非常辣的”；B選項(xiàng)incandescent“輝耀的，熾熱的，發(fā)白熱光的”；C選項(xiàng)dispassionate“不帶感情的，平心靜氣的，公平的”；D選項(xiàng)contumacious“不聽命令的，反抗法院命令的，頑固的”。句意：看到微風(fēng)吹過，緩和了炎熱的下午，真是令人高興。Fervid“熱情的，熾熱的，熱心的，熱的”，B選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Smallasitis,theantisasmuchacreatureas（

）allotheranimalsonearth.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.are

B.do

C.is

D.have

【答案】A

【解析】考查語法中的主謂一致。Smallasitis是一個(gè)倒裝句，是由as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，正常語序應(yīng)為asitissmall，而theantisas...as...第二個(gè)as后是一個(gè)倒裝句，主語為allotheranimals，因此謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為are。故本題正確答案為A。句意：螞蟻雖小，但它是和地球上其它動(dòng)物一樣的生物。

18.單選題

Bridesareincreasinglyshunningsummerweddingsandgettingmarriedduringwinter______tocutcostsamidtheeconomicgloom,figuressuggest.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.insteadof

B.otherwise

C.instead

D.ratherthan

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞義辨析?？崭裉幵~語需要修飾后面動(dòng)詞不定式，詞性限制為副詞。insteadof“代替；而不是”是介詞短語，A選項(xiàng)排除；otherwise“否則；另外”；instead“代替；相反”；ratherthan“而不是”。句意：數(shù)據(jù)顯示，為了在經(jīng)濟(jì)低迷時(shí)期削減成本，越來越多的新娘避開夏季婚禮……在冬季結(jié)婚。因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

19.單選題

Accordingtothelatestreport,consumerconfidence（

）

abreathtaking15pointslastmonth,toitslowestlevelin9years.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.soared

B.mutated

C.plummeted

D.fluctuated

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析和上下文語義。soared飆升；mutated突變，變異；plummeted驟然下跌；fluctuated波動(dòng)。根據(jù)下句“l(fā)owestlevelin9years”可推測(cè)，這里指下跌，所以選項(xiàng)C符合語境。

20.單選題

TheCoriolisforcecausesallmovingprojectilesonEarthtobedeflectedfromastraightline.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sprung

B.deviated

C.beretracted

D.beconceived

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。題干defected“偏離”；A項(xiàng)“跳，躍”，B項(xiàng)“偏離；脫離”，C項(xiàng)“撤回；收回”，D項(xiàng)“設(shè)想”，因此選B。句意：科里奧利力導(dǎo)致地球上所有移動(dòng)的彈丸從直線偏轉(zhuǎn)。

21.單選題

Andyet,despitethesepowerful_______togrowth,therecessionprovedsurprisinglymild.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.counterforce

B.stimulants

C.concomitants

D.manipulation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)counterforce“反作用力”；B選項(xiàng)stimulants“興奮劑”；C選項(xiàng)concomitants“相伴的事物”；D選項(xiàng)manipulation“操縱；處理”。句意：然而，盡管這些強(qiáng)大的_______在增長，但經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退卻出乎意料地輕微。根據(jù)語境，counterforce“反作用力”搭配growth“增長”比較合理，也符合題意反作用力和經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退輕微的反差。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

22.單選題

Theinstructionsonhowtousethenewmachine（）thatnobodyseemedtobeabletounderstand.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wereverysimplistic

B.wasveryconfused

C.weresoconfusing

D.wassosimplistic

【答案】C

【解析】根據(jù)下文句意，沒人能理解，首先排除選項(xiàng)A和D；confused的主語是人；confusing的主語是物。本句的主語是instructions，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

23.單選題

Thereisarealpossibilitythattheseanimalscouldbefrightened（

）asuddenloudnoise.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.therewas

B.therehavingbeen

C.beingthere

D.shouldtherebe

【答案】D

【解析】句意:如有突然的巨響，那么這些動(dòng)物確實(shí)有可能受驚。

語法題。考查虛擬語氣。該句屬于與將來事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣，主句部分為could+動(dòng)詞原形，從句部分應(yīng)該為should+動(dòng)詞原形或wereto+動(dòng)詞原形，當(dāng)省略引導(dǎo)詞if后需采用倒裝，將should提前。

24.單選題

WhenIbentdowntotiemyshoelace,theseatofmytrousers（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.split

B.cracked

C.broke

D.holed

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。split“撕裂，使破裂”；cracked“使爆裂，使破裂”；broke“打破，違犯，折斷”；holed“鑿洞”。句意：當(dāng)我彎腰去系鞋帶時(shí)我的褲子崩裂了。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

25.單選題

Seniorgovernmentfigures（）inthecover-up.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.couldhaveacquired

B.musthaveacquiesced

C.mighthavedone

D.willhaverequired

【答案】B

【解析】句意:政府高級(jí)官員必然已經(jīng)默許掩蓋真相。

考查短語辨析?？崭裉巹?dòng)詞與in搭配，后面接賓語cover-up(掩蓋，掩飾)。Acquiesceinsth.默然接受…；默許；順從。

26.單選題

Hehadheardtheverybadnews;butwhenhespoke,he______hisremarkstoafewhintsthatsaleshadslipped.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.bound

B.polished

C.optimized

D.confined

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)bound“綁；裝訂；包扎；凝固”；B選項(xiàng)polished“拋光，擦亮；修改，潤色；（使）完美，改進(jìn)”；C選項(xiàng)optimized“優(yōu)化；持樂觀態(tài)度；使最優(yōu)化，使完善”；D選項(xiàng)confined“限制，使局限；禁止離開，關(guān)押；臥床分娩”。句意：他聽到了這個(gè)壞消息，但當(dāng)他對(duì)員工們講話時(shí)，他把自己的話______在一些暗示銷售下滑的跡象上。此處填“限制”一詞最符合句意，所以D選項(xiàng)正確。

27.單選題

It’suptoyouwhethertobuythatvillaornotbutmyadviceis,beforeyourdecision,youmusthaveit（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.overlooked

B.observed

C.scanned

D.surveyed

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)overlooked“忽略”；B選項(xiàng)observed“觀察，注意到”；C選項(xiàng)scanned“掃描，細(xì)看，瀏覽”；D選項(xiàng)surveyed“調(diào)查”。句意：這完全取決于你是否買那幢別墅了，但我的建議是，在決定之前，你必須仔細(xì)檢查一下。根據(jù)提到的“買別墅”這件事，可知此處應(yīng)該是建議要好好檢查房子，其他選項(xiàng)觀察或者調(diào)查都不太合適，scan這個(gè)動(dòng)詞，有表示仔細(xì)檢查的意思，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

28.單選題

Noonecanbeagreatthinkerwhodoesnotrealizethatasathinkeritisherfirstdutytofollowherintellecttowhateverconclusionsitmaylead.

Therehavebeenandmayagainbegreatindividualthinkersinageneralatmosphereofmentalslavery.Butthereneverhasbeen,noreverwillbe,inthatatmosphereanintellectuallyactivepeople.Wherethereisatacitconventionthatprinciplesarenottobedisputed,wherethediscussionofthegreatestquestionswhichcanoccupyhumanityisconsideredtobeclosed,wecannothopetofindthatgenerallyhighscaleofmentalactivitywhichhasmadesomeperiodsofhistorysoremarkable.Neverwhencontroversyavoidedthesubjectswhicharelargeandimportantenoughtokindleenthusiasmwasthemindofapeoplestirredupfromitsfoundationsandtheimpulsegivenwhichraisedevenpersonsofthemostordinaryintellecttosomethingofthedignityofthinkingbeings.

Shewhoknowsonlyherownsideofthecaseknowslittleofthat.Herreasonsmaybegood,andnoonemayhavebeenabletorefutethem.Butifsheisequallyunabletorefutethereasonsoftheoppositeside,ifshedoesnotsomuchasknowwhattheyare,shehasnogroundforpreferringeitheropinion.Therationalpositionforherwouldbesuspensionofjudgment,andunlessshecontentsherselfwiththat,sheiseitherledbyauthority,oradopts,likethegeneralityoftheworld,thesidetowhichshefeelsthemostinclination.Norisitenoughthatsheshouldheartheargumentsofadversariesfromherownteachers,presentedastheystatethem,andaccompaniedbywhattheyofferasrefutations.Thatisnotthewaytodojusticetothearguments,orbringthemintorealcontactwithherownmind.Shemustbeabletohearthemfrompersonswhoactuallybelievethem,whodefendtheminearnest,anddotheirveryutmostforthem.Shemustknowthemintheirmostplausibleandpersuasiveform:shemustfeelthewholeforceofthedifficultywhichthetrueviewofthesubjecthastoencounteranddisposeof;elseshewillneverreallypossessherselfoftheportionoftruthwhichmeetsandremovesthatdifficulty.Ninety-nineinahundredofwhatarecallededucatedpersonsareinthiscondition;evenofthosewhocanarguefluentlyfortheiropinions.Theirconclusionmaybetrue,butitmightbefalseforanythingtheyknow:theyhaveneverthrownthemselvesintothementalpositionofthosewhothinkdifferentlyfromthemandconsideredwhatsuchpersonsmayhavetosay;andconsequentlytheydonot,inanypropersenseoftheword,knowthedoctrineswhichtheythemselvesprofess.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,itisalwaysadvisableto（）.

32.Accordingtotheauthor,inagreatperiodsuchastheRenaissancewemayexpecttofind（）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

4.Accordingtotheauthor,thepersonwho-holdsorthodoxbeliefswithoutexaminationmaybedescribedinallofthefollowingwaysEXCEPTas（）.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwouldbemostlikelytoagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatements?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.beacquaintedwiththeargumentsfavoringthepointofviewwithwhichonedisagrees

B.adoptthepointofviewtowhichonefeelsthemostinclination

C.haveopinionswhichcannotberefuted

D.suspendheterodoxspeculationinfavorofdoctrinaireapproaches

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.acceptanceoftruth

B.controversyoverprinciples

C.inordinateenthusiasm

D.adreadofheterodoxspeculation

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Mosteducatedpeoplestudybothsidesofaquestion.

B.Themajorityofthosewhoargueeloquentlytrulyknowonlyonesideofanissue.

C.Indebatableissues,weshouldrelyontheopinionsoftheexpertsforguidance.

D.Heterodoxspeculationwillleadtomanyunnecessaryerrorsofthinking.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.enslavedbytradition

B.lessthanfollyrational

C.havingaclosedmind

D.determinedoncontroversy

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Atrulygreatthinkermakesnomistakes.

B.Therefutationofacceptedideascanbestbeprovidedbyone’sownteachers.

C.Periodsofintellectualachievementareperiodsofunorthodoxreflection

D.excessivecontroversypreventsclearthinking.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。由第三段“Thatisnotthewaytodojusticetothearguments,orbringthemintorealcontactwithherownmind.Shemustbeabletohearthemfrompersonswhoactuallybelievethem,whodefendtheminearnest,anddotheirveryutmostforthem.Shemustknowthemintheirmostplausibleandpersuasiveform:shemustfeelthewholeforceofthedifficultywhichthetrueviewofthesubjecthastoencounteranddisposeof;elseshewillneverreallypossessherselfoftheportionoftruthwhichmeetsandremovesthatdifficulty.這不是公正對(duì)待這些論點(diǎn)的方法，也不是讓它們與她自己的思想真正接觸的方法。她必須能夠聽到那些真正相信這些論點(diǎn)的人的聲音，那些真誠地為這些論點(diǎn)辯護(hù)的人的聲音，那些竭盡全力為這些論點(diǎn)辯護(hù)的人的聲音。她必須以最似是而非、最具說服力的形式來認(rèn)識(shí)這些問題:她必須感受到對(duì)問題的真實(shí)看法所必須面對(duì)和處理的困難的全部力量;否則，她將永遠(yuǎn)無法真正掌握真理的那一部分，從而克服并消除那個(gè)困難。據(jù)此可知作者認(rèn)為如果一個(gè)人只知道自己的觀點(diǎn)而不關(guān)心對(duì)立觀點(diǎn)，不傾聽對(duì)立觀點(diǎn)的聲音，那么就很難獲得真理。”作者用了三個(gè)must表明正確的做法是什么，從中我們了解到正確做法就是要熟悉那些你不贊成的觀點(diǎn)。故A項(xiàng)正確。

2.判斷推理題。由第二段“Therehavebeenandmayagainbegreatindividualthinkersinageneralatmosphereofmentalslavery…Wherethereisatacitconventionthatprinciplesarenottobedisputed,wherethediscussionofthegreatestquestionswhichcanoccupyhumanityisconsideredtobeclosed,wecannothopetofindthatgenerallyhighscaleofmentalactivitywhichhasmadesomeperiodsofhistorysoremarkable.在精神奴役的普遍氛圍中，曾經(jīng)有，而且可能會(huì)再次出現(xiàn)偉大的個(gè)人思想家。但是，在那種氣氛中，從來沒有，也永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)有一個(gè)思想活躍的民族。在那里有一種不成文的慣例，即原則是不容置疑的，對(duì)那些可以占據(jù)人類的最偉大的問題的討論被認(rèn)為是封閉的，我們就不能指望發(fā)現(xiàn)使某些歷史時(shí)期如此非凡的普遍的大規(guī)模精神活動(dòng)?！蔽乃噺?fù)興是屬于思想活動(dòng)的頂峰，必然會(huì)討論原則問題。所以B項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第三段最后部分“Ninety-nineinahundredofwhatarecallededucatedpersonsareinthiscondition;evenofthosewhocanarguefluentlyfortheiropinions.Theirconclusionmaybetrue,butitmightbefalseforanythingtheyknow:theyhaveneverthrownthemselvesintothementalpositionofthosewhothinkdifferentlyfromthemandconsideredwhatsuchpersonsmayhavetosay;andconsequentlytheydonot,inanypropersenseoftheword,knowthedoctrineswhichtheythemselvesprofess.百分之九十九的所謂受過教育的人處于這種狀態(tài);甚至那些能夠流利地為自己的觀點(diǎn)辯護(hù)的人。他們的結(jié)論可能是正確的，但也可能他們所知道的一切都是錯(cuò)誤的。他們從未把自己置于與他們想法不同的人的心理位置上，也從未考慮過這些人可能會(huì)說些什么;所以結(jié)果是他們不知道他們自己所信奉的教條的真正的意義。”由此可知A項(xiàng)與之相反，B項(xiàng)與之相符，故B項(xiàng)正確。CD兩項(xiàng)文中沒有提及。

4.判斷推理題。題干問那些持有未經(jīng)檢驗(yàn)的正統(tǒng)信仰的人沒有以下哪項(xiàng)特征。A項(xiàng)：為傳統(tǒng)所奴役；B項(xiàng)：不怎么理智；C項(xiàng)：頭腦閉塞；D項(xiàng)：對(duì)辯論是堅(jiān)決的。一般來說，持有未經(jīng)檢驗(yàn)的正統(tǒng)信仰的人不會(huì)獨(dú)立思考，更不會(huì)懷疑他所信仰的東西。故ABC三項(xiàng)都是這種人的特點(diǎn)。

5.判斷推理題。A項(xiàng)“一個(gè)真正的思想家不犯錯(cuò)誤”；B項(xiàng)“對(duì)公認(rèn)觀點(diǎn)的駁斥最好由自己的老師來提供。”C項(xiàng)“智力成就的時(shí)期是非正統(tǒng)思考的時(shí)期”；D項(xiàng)“過度的辯論會(huì)制止清晰的思考?！庇傻诙慰芍?dú)v史上思想活動(dòng)的頂峰時(shí)期如文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期，各大學(xué)派互相辯論，使思想摩擦出火花，使文藝復(fù)興成為文化運(yùn)動(dòng)的頂峰。故C項(xiàng)“智力成就的時(shí)期是非正統(tǒng)思考的時(shí)期”正確。

29.單選題

Psychologistsbelievethatchildrenareeasilyinfluencedbytheir（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conditions

B.combinations

C.peers

D.granaries

【答案】C

【解析】語義題?？崭裉钊氲脑~應(yīng)與children同類型。因此C項(xiàng)peer（同齡人，同輩人）符合要求。

30.單選題

Tom’s（）ishighinthenetworknewsbusiness.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.trump

B.game

C.stock

D.dot

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)trump“王牌，法寶，喇叭”；B選項(xiàng)game“游戲，比賽，獵物，野味”；C選項(xiàng)stock“股份，股票，庫存，血統(tǒng)，樹干，家畜”；D選項(xiàng)dot“點(diǎn)，圓點(diǎn)，嫁妝”。句意：湯姆在網(wǎng)絡(luò)新聞業(yè)務(wù)中所占有的股份比例很高。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

31.單選題

YoucannotimaginehowIfeel（

）withmydutiessometimes.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.overflowed

B.overthrown

C.overwhelmed

D.overturned

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)overflow“溢出；擠滿”；B選項(xiàng)overthrow“推翻；瓦解；背棄”；C選項(xiàng)overwhelm“淹沒；壓倒；受打擊”；D選項(xiàng)overturn“推翻；傾覆”。句意：你無法想象有時(shí)我被工作……的感受。此處必然是強(qiáng)調(diào)工作內(nèi)容過多的感受，overwhelm可表示“被工作淹沒”，但一般與by搭配，可排除。只剩下A選項(xiàng)overflowwithduties，表示“滿載重負(fù)”。

32.翻譯題

小班上課要求學(xué)生參與討論，因此他們不再被動(dòng)聽課。在與老師和同學(xué)進(jìn)行學(xué)術(shù)交流時(shí)，他們的能力大幅度提高。這種交流有助于教師在考試前了解學(xué)生掌握了哪些知識(shí)，因此能提高自己的教學(xué)質(zhì)量。這樣的課程需要教師們精力充沛、富有想象、認(rèn)真思考，所有這一切可能令人身心疲憊，但卻能促使學(xué)生對(duì)自己的學(xué)業(yè)負(fù)責(zé)。

【答案】Smallclassesrequirestudentstoparticipateindiscussions,sotheynolongerlistenpassively.Theirabilitiesaregreatlyimprovedinacademicexchangeswithteachersandclassmates.Thiskindofcommunicationhelpsteacherstoknowwhatstudentshavemasteredbeforetheexam,thusimprovingthequalityoftheirteaching.Suchcoursesrequireenergetic,imaginativeandthoughtfulteachers,allofwhichcanbeexhausting,butcanmakestudentstakeresponsibilityfortheirstudies.

33.單選題

Imagineadiseasespreadingacrosstheglobe,killingmostlymiddle-agedpeopleorleavingthemchronicallydisabled.Thenonedayresearcherscomeupwithadrugthatcanpreventsomeofthedisease’snastiereffects.Youwouldthinktheworld’sageingpublicwouldbeeternallygrateful.

Thediseasedoesexist.Itiscalledtobaccoaddiction.Thedrugtooisrealandinanimaltestshaspreventedlungdamagethatleadstoemphysema.Buttheinventorshavereceivednobouquets.Prevailingmedicalopinionseemstobethatthedrugisameresideshow,distractingsmokersfromthetaskofquitting.Anotherexperimentaldrug,whichcouldprotectsmokersagainstcancer,isalsoviewedwithsuspicionbecauseitcouldgivesmokersanexcusenottoquit.

Onthefaceofittheseresponsesmakesense.Itisingrainedinsocietythatsmokershaveonlythemselvestoblameandtheirsalvationliesinasimpleactofwill.Iftheywillnotquitsmoking,theycannotexpecthelpfromanyoneelse.

Butthislogicisflawed.Checkasurveyofsmokersandyoufindtwo-thirdswanttogiveupandone-thirdwillhavetriedinthepreviousyear.Yet,evenwithnicotinegum,patchesanddrugstoeasetheordeal,thequitrateisstillunder10percent.IntheUK,theproportionofpeoplewhosmokehasnotfalleninadecade.Tobaccohasapowerfulgrip,andmanysmokerarecaughtinatraptheycannotescape:theyhaveadiseaselikeanyotheranddeservethechancetoreducetheharmitdoestothem.

Thisreasoningishardformanytoswallow.Itcertainlyleavesgovernmentsandanti-smokinggroupsinabind.Theyarehappytopaylipservicetomethodsforreducingharm—ofwhichthreeareagrowingnumber—buttheyareslowtocreatepoliciesbaseduponthem.EuropeanUnioncountries,forexample,tookyearstoevenconsiderregulatingthedangerousadditivesincigarettes.

Onefearisthatmethodsforreducingharmwilldilutethemessagethattobaccokills—especiallywhengiventoyoungsters.Butthatmessagewon’tchange,inthepresentcase,evenifbothdrugsturnouttoworkinhumantrials,theywouldnotprotectaga