考研考博-英語-喀什職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-喀什職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Withtheincreasingunemploymentrate,femaleworkerswhoare45to55yearsoldareusuallythefirsttobe（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.laidaside

B.laidup

C.laidout

D.laidoff

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞組辨析題。layaside“放棄（某種習(xí)慣），積蓄（金錢），把…放在一邊”；layup“放置不用，貯存，儲(chǔ)蓄，使（某人）待在床上或室內(nèi)”；layout“設(shè)計(jì);展示，安排”；layoff“暫時(shí)解雇，裁員，停止工作”；根據(jù)句意‘隨著失業(yè)率不斷上升，45-55歲的女性工人通常最先被（

）?！_定D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Investigatorsofmonkeys'socialbehaviorhavealwaysbeenstruckbymonkeys'aggressivepotentialandtheconsequentneedforsocialcontroloftheiraggressivebehavior.Studiesdirectedatdescribingaggressivebehaviorandthesituationsthatelicitit,aswellasthesocialmechanismsthatcontrolit,werethereforeamongthefirstinvestigationsofmonkeys’socialbehavior.

Investigatorsinitiallybelievedthatmonkeyswouldcompeteforanyresourceintheenvironment:hungrymonkeyswouldfightoverfood,thirstymonkeyswouldfightoverwater,andingeneral,anytimemorethanonemonkeyinagroupsoughtthesameincentivesimultaneously,adisputewouldresultandwouldberesolvedthroughsomeformofaggression.However,themotivatingforceofcompetitionforincentivesbegantobedoubtedwhenexperimentslikeSouthwick’sonthereductionofspaceorthewithholdingoffoodfailedtoproducemorethantemporaryincreasesinintra-groupaggression.Indeed,fooddeprivationnotonlyfailedtoincreaseaggressionbutinsomecasesactuallyresultedindecreasedfrequenciesofaggression.

Studiesofanimalsinthewildunderconditionsofextremefooddeprivationlikewiserevealedthatstarvingmonkeysdevotedalmostallavailableenergytoforaging,withlittleenergyremainingforaggressiveinteraction.

Furthermore,accumulatingevidencefromlaterstudiesofavarietyofprimategroups,forexample,thestudyconductedbyBernstein,indicatesthatoneofthemostpotentstimuliforelicitingaggressionistheintroductionofanintruderintoanorganizedgroup.Suchintroductionsresultinfarmoreseriousaggressionthanthatproducedinanyothertypesofexperimentscontrivedtoproducecompetition.

Thesestudiesofintruderssuggestthatadultmembersofthesamespeciesintroducedtooneanotherforthefirsttimeshowconsiderablehostilitybecause,intheabsenceofasocialorder,onemustbeestablishedtocontrolinter-animalrelationships.Whenasinglenewanimalisintroducedintoanexistingsocialorganization,thenewcomermeetsevenmoreseriousaggression,whereasinthefirstcaseaggressionestablishesasocialorderinthesecondcaseresidentanimalsmobtheintruder,therebyinitiallyexcludingthenewanimalfromtheexistingsocialunit.Thesimultaneousintroductionofseveralanimalslessenstheeffect,ifonlybecausethegroupdividesitsattentionamongthemultipletargets.If,however,theseveralanimalsintroducedtoagroupconstitutetheirownsocialunit,eachgroupmayfighttheopposinggroupasaunit;but,again,noindividualissubjectedtomassattack,andtheverycohesionofthegroupsprecludesprolongedindividualcombat.Thesubmissionofthedefeatedgroup,ratherthanunleashinguncheckedaggressiononthepartofthevictoriousgroup,reducesboththeintensityandfrequencyoffurtherattack.Monkeygroupsthereforeseemtobeorganizedprimarilytomaintaintheirestablishedsocialorderratherthantoengageinhostilitiesperse.

1.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthefindingsreportedinthepassageabouttheeffectsoffooddeprivationonmonkeys’behavior?

3.Accordingtotheauthor,studiessuchasSouthwick’shadwhichofthefollowingeffectsoninvestigatorstheoriesaboutmonkeys'socialbehavior?

4.Thepassagesuggeststhatinvestigatorsofmonkeys'socialbehaviorhavebeenespeciallyinterestedinaggressivebehavioramongmonkeysbecause（

）.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheestablishmentandpreservationofsocialorderamongagroupofmonkeysisessentialinorderto（

）.

6.Thepassagesuppliesinformationtoanswerwhichofthefollowingquestions?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.advancinganewmethodologyforchangingamonkey’ssocialbehavior

B.comparingthemethodsofseveralresearchstudiesonaggressionamongmonkeys

C.explainingthereasonsforresearchers'interestinmonkeys'socialbehavior

D.discussingthedevelopmentofinvestigators’theoriesaboutaggressionamongmonkeys

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Fooddeprivationhasnoeffectonaggressionamongmonkeys.

B.Fooddeprivationincreasesaggressionamongmonkeysbecauseoneofthemostpotentstimuliforelicitingaggressionisthecompetitionforincentives.

C.Fooddeprivationmayincreaselong-timeaggressionamongmonkeysinalaboratorysetting,butitproducesonlytemporaryincreasesamongmonkeysinthewild.

D.Fooddeprivationmaytemporarilyincreaseaggressionamongmonkeys,butitalsoleadstoadecreaseinconflict.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theycastdoubtoninvestigators'theoriesthatcouldaccountforobservedpatternsofaggressionamongmonkeys.

B.Theysuggestedthatexistingtheoriesabouttheroleofaggressionamongmonkeysdidnotfullyaccountforthemonkeys'abilitytomaintainanestablishedsocialorder.

C.Theyconfirmedinvestigators*theoriesaboutmonkeys’aggressiveresponsetocompetitionforfoodandwater

D.Theyconfirmedinvestigators’beliefsaboutthemotivationforcontinuedaggressionamongmonkeysinthesamesocialgroup

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.aggressionisthemostcommonsocialbehavioramongmonkeys

B.successfulcompetitionforincentivesdeterminesthesocialorderinamonkeygroup

C.mostmonkeysaresocial,yettheyfrequentlyrespondtonewcomersenteringexistingsocialunitsbyattackingthem

D.situationsthatelicitaggressivebehaviorcanbestudiedinalaboratory

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.keepthemonkeysfromstrayingandjoiningothergroups

B.controlaggressivebehavioramonggroupmembers

C.preventthedominationofthatgroupbyanther

D.protectindividualsseekingtobecomemembersofthatgroupfrommassattack

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.Howdoesthereductionofspaceaffectintra-groupaggressionamongmonkeysinanexperimentalsetting?

B.Dofamilyunitswithinamonkeysocialgroupcompetewithotherfamilyunitsforfood?

C.Whatarethemechanismsbywhichthesocialorderofanestablishedgroupofmonkeyscontrolsaggressionwithinthatgroup?

D.Howdomonkeysengagedinaggressionwithothermonkeyssignalsubmission?

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:A

【解析】1.文章主要介紹了猴群侵略和敵對(duì)行為的研究理論。根據(jù)文章第一句，即本文的中心和主旨句：Investigatorsofmonkeys'socialbehaviorhavealwaysbeenstruckbymonkeys'aggressivepotentialandtheconsequentneedforsocialcontroloftheiraggressivebehavior.研究猴子的社會(huì)行為的人總是被猴子的攻擊潛力和因此而產(chǎn)生的對(duì)其攻擊行為的社會(huì)控制的需要所震驚。確定D選項(xiàng)‘探討研究人員關(guān)于猴子攻擊性理論的發(fā)展‘正確。

2.根據(jù)文章第三段：Studiesofanimalsinthewildunderconditionsofextremefooddeprivationlikewiserevealedthatstarvingmonkeysdevotedalmostallavailableenergytoforaging,withlittleenergyremainingforaggressiveinteraction.在極端缺乏食物的情況下，對(duì)野生動(dòng)物的研究同樣顯示，饑餓的猴子幾乎把所有可用的能量都用于覓食，幾乎沒有剩余的能量用于攻擊性的互動(dòng)?！甪ooddeprivationnotonlyfailedtoincreaseaggressionbutinsomecasesactuallyresultedindecreasedfrequenciesofaggression可知答案為D選項(xiàng)‘食物匱乏可能會(huì)暫時(shí)增加猴子的攻擊性，但也會(huì)導(dǎo)致沖突減少?！_。

3.根據(jù)文中第三段However,themotivatingforceofcompetitionforincentivesbegantobedoubtedwhenexperimentslikeSouthwick’sonthereductionofspaceorthewithholdingoffoodfailedtoproducemorethantemporaryincreasesinintra-groupaggression.然而，當(dāng)像Southwick關(guān)于減少空間或食物儲(chǔ)備的實(shí)驗(yàn)沒有產(chǎn)生比群體內(nèi)攻擊性暫時(shí)增加更多的結(jié)果時(shí)，激勵(lì)競爭的動(dòng)機(jī)開始受到質(zhì)疑。確定研究人員對(duì)Southwick’s的動(dòng)機(jī)理論存在懷疑，而非涉及到社會(huì)秩序，所以A選項(xiàng)‘他們對(duì)研究人員的理論提出了質(zhì)疑，這些理論可以解釋猴子被觀察到的攻擊模式‘正確。

4.根據(jù)文章最后一段，可知猴群是等級(jí)秩序很嚴(yán)格的，猴子特別注重猴群內(nèi)的等級(jí)，猴群對(duì)于外來者，往往會(huì)產(chǎn)生敵對(duì)行為，而對(duì)于外來者來說，也是對(duì)猴群的威脅，C選項(xiàng)‘mostmonkeysaresocial,yettheyfrequentlyrespondtonewcomersenteringexistingsocialunitsbyattackingthem’符合題意。

5.根據(jù)文章最后一段：Thesestudiesofintruderssuggestthatadultmembersofthesamespeciesintroducedtooneanotherforthefirsttimeshowconsiderablehostilitybecause,intheabsenceofasocialorder,onemustbeestablishedtocontrolinter-animalrelationships.這些對(duì)入侵者的研究表明，同一物種的成年成員第一次相互介紹時(shí)表現(xiàn)出相當(dāng)大的敵意，因?yàn)樵谌狈ι鐣?huì)秩序的情況下，必須建立一個(gè)人來控制動(dòng)物間的關(guān)系。由此可知，此種行為是為了對(duì)動(dòng)物內(nèi)部行為進(jìn)行有效控制，防止出現(xiàn)侵略性和敵對(duì)行為。所以B選項(xiàng)正確。

6.文章主要論述了通過實(shí)驗(yàn)研究猴群內(nèi)等級(jí)地位，以及外來者的敵對(duì)和侵略行為。文章主要是壓縮猴群的生存空間的研究對(duì)猴群的攻擊以及侵略行為的影響等原因進(jìn)行了說明。A選項(xiàng)‘在實(shí)驗(yàn)環(huán)境中，空間的減少如何影響猴子群體內(nèi)的攻擊性?’正確。B選項(xiàng)‘為爭奪食物和其他猴群競爭’并沒有涉及，C選項(xiàng)‘對(duì)機(jī)制建立控制猴群的侵略性行為‘也沒有說明，D選項(xiàng)不正確。

3.單選題

Thelawcan（）fatherstomakeregularpaymentsfortheirchildren.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.compel

B.comply

C.complain

D.combine

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)compel“強(qiáng)迫、迫使”，B項(xiàng)comply“遵守、順從”，C項(xiàng)complain“抱怨”，D項(xiàng)combine“聯(lián)合、結(jié)合”；句意：這項(xiàng)法律可強(qiáng)制父親定期支付子女的費(fèi)用。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

11.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Seafood.

B.Dairyproducts.

C.Vegetablesandfruit.

D.Heavyfood.

【答案】D

【解析】W:Howlongdoesthepainlastwhenyougetit?

M:Itcomesandgoes!SometimesIhardlyfeelanything,othertimesitcanlastuptohalfanhourormore.

W:Isthereatypeoffoodthatseemstocausestrongerpainthanothertypes?

M:Um,heavyfoodslikesteakorlasagnausuallybringsiton,I’vebeentryingtoavoidthose.

Q:Whattypeoffoodseemstocausestrongerpaintotheman?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。男士說heavyfood通常會(huì)造成這種疼痛。

5.單選題

（）allourkindnesstohelpher,Sararefusedtolisten.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.At

B.In

C.For

D.On

【答案】C

【解析】句意:盡管我們好意要幫助Sara，但她不肯聽從我們。

考查短語辨析。Atall（否定）根本，究竟；inall總共，合計(jì)；forall盡管，雖然；沒有onall的搭配用法。根據(jù)后半句句意“但她不肯聽從我們”可知C項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Mostcharismatic（有魅力的）leadersmakeextensiveuseofanecdotes（趣聞?shì)W事）.Message-sendinganecdotesrelatetosuchsubjectsasacompanypresidentgoingoutofhiswaytohelpanindividualcustomer,oralower-rankingemployeewhodefiedhigherauthorityinordertomeetherjobresponsibilities.Inthelatterinstance,areceptionistatIBMdeniedadmissiontothecompanychairman,TomWatson,becausehewasnotwearingasecuritybadge.Insteadoffiringtheyoungwoman,Watsonpraisedherdevotiontoduty.

Severalyearsago,theFordMotorCompanyannouncedfar-reachingchangesthatwouldaffecthowcarsweremanufacturedandhowemployeeswouldworktogether.AseniorFordexecutivewaschosentodelivertheclosingremarkstoagroupof300Fordmanagersgatheredtolearnaboutthechanges.

Towardthecloseofthespeech,theexecutivetoldastoryaboutWillieB.,agorillawholivedfortwenty-sevenyearsinisolationinadrearyAtlantazoo.Hesaidthathehadraisedmoneyforastate-of-the-artgorillahabitat.WillieB.,forthefirsttimeinhislife,wouldnowliveinagorilla-friendly,close-to-natureenvironment.Yetsomehow,WillieB.wasslowtoadapttohisnewenvironment.

Ittookthegorillaseveraldaystofullyexplorehisnewhabitat.AphotographercaughtthemomentwhenWillieB.testedthegrasswithatoe.TheFordexecutivehangsaframedphotographofthisincidentinhisoffice.“It'sthere,”hesaid,“toremindmethatnomatterhowattractivethenewsurroundingsmightappear,ittakestimeandcouragetoleavethecomfortablesecurityofaplace—evenanuglycramped（狹窄的）spacethatyouknowwell.”

Atthemomentthemeetingended,meetingparticipantscameovertothespeakertoexpresshowmuchthespeechhadtouchedthem.Thestoryaboutthegorillabroughttearstotheeyesofmany.Ofsignificancetotheorganization,manyprobablylefttheconferencewithanunderstandingofhowdifficultthecoiningchangesweregoingtobeforemployees.

Becominganeffectivestorytellerrequirespractice.However,theskilliswellworthdevelopingbecauseofitscontributiontoaperson’smagnetismandleadershipability.Createausefulanecdotefileofyourown.Collectanecdotesaboutthingsyouobservepersonally,thoseyouhearfromothers,andthoseyoureadinbooks,magazines,andnewsletters.Anecdotescanalsobefoundinbooksandnewslettersaboutspeechmaking.Attempttoscreenoutthoseanecdotesthatarewidelyusedbecausestaleanecdotesboreaudiences.

1.WhydidTomWatsonpraisethefemaleemployeeinthesecondexamplecitedinthefirstparagraph?

2.ThelifeofWillieB.usedtobe（

）.

3.ThestoryofWillieB.showsthat

（

）.

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

5.WecansafelyconcludefromthepassagethattheFordseniorexecutive（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Becauseshealwaysreceivesthecompanychairmanwarmly.

B.Becauseshedefied,lower-rankingemployees.

C.Becauseshewasaresponsibleemployee.

D.Becausesheneverforgetstowearasecuritybadge.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.interesting

B.morecomfortable

C.closetonature

D.isolated

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.ittakestimeandcouragetofaceandadapttoanewenvironment

B.animalsarequitereluctanttochangetheirhabitats

C.WillieB.likestotestgrasswithonetoe

D.peoplearealwaysreadytomeetthedifficultiesresultingfromchanges

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Manyacharismaticleadertendstomakethemostofanecdotesandstories.

B.Itisalwaysagoodideatocollectanecdotesthatarewidelyused.

C.Personalmagnetismisbuiltupbyreadingbooks,magazinesandnewsletters.

D.Tobecomeaneffectivestory-telleronehasonlytocreateausefulanecdotefile.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.wasaneffectiveleaderwhoalwaystoldstoriestohisemployees

B.wasapersonwhooftencitedwidely-usedanecdotestoinfluenceothers

C.wasabletohelpmeetingparticipantsunderstandthecomingchangesbetter

D.alwaysusedanecdotestohelpemployeesunderstandcompanypolicies

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段第二句指出:...alower-rankingemployeewhodefiedhigherauthorityinordertomeetherjobresponsibilities(一個(gè)低職位員工違抗高級(jí)別領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，是為了履行其工作職貴),由此可知答案選C“因?yàn)樗且粋€(gè)有責(zé)任心的員工”。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第三段指出:...agorillawholivedfortwenty-sevenyearsinisolationinadrearyAtlantazoo(在亞特蘭大一個(gè)被隔離且沉悶的動(dòng)物園內(nèi)生活27年的大猩猩),可知D項(xiàng)“隔離的”正確。

3.判斷推理題。第四段:nomatterhowattractivethenewsurroundingsmightappear,ittakestimeandcouragetoleavethecomfortablesecurityofaplace(無論新環(huán)境多么有吸引力，都得花時(shí)間，且需要勇氣離開舒適安全的地方)。由此可知選A項(xiàng)“面對(duì)與適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境是花時(shí)間且需要勇氣的”。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Mostcharismaticleadersmakeextensiveuseofanecdotes(大部分有魅力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人都懂得充分利用軼事)推斷A項(xiàng)“許多有魅力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)會(huì)充分利用各類奇聞?shì)W事與故事”正確。根據(jù)文章最后一句話Attempttoscreenoutthoseanecdotesthatarewidelyusedbecausestaleanecdotesboreaudiences(盡量排除那些被廣泛引用的軼事，因?yàn)樗鼈儠?huì)讓聽眾感到乏味)推斷B“收集被廣泛運(yùn)用的軼事是一個(gè)很不錯(cuò)的主意”與原文不符。根據(jù)文章最后一段的theskilliswellworthdevelopingbecauseofitscontributiontoaperson’smagnetismandleadershipability(這項(xiàng)技能是非常值得學(xué)習(xí)的，因?yàn)樗軒椭蛟靷€(gè)人魅力和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能)推斷C項(xiàng)“通過閱讀書籍、雜志和時(shí)事新聞，可以打造個(gè)人魅力”與原文不符。文章并沒有說要想成為一個(gè)高效的講故事者，只需制作一個(gè)有用的奇聞?shì)W事記錄冊(cè)。故D項(xiàng)沒有根據(jù)。因此選A。

5.判斷推理題。第二段指出:manyprobablylefttheconferencewithanunderstandingofhowdifficultthecomingchangesweregoingtobeforemployees(在離會(huì)時(shí)很多人可能都了解了接下來的改變對(duì)員工來說意味著多大的困難),因此C項(xiàng)“能夠幫助與會(huì)人員更好理解即將到來的變化”正確。而A項(xiàng)“是個(gè)高效率的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，且習(xí)慣于向員工講故事”和B項(xiàng)“是個(gè)經(jīng)常喜歡引經(jīng)據(jù)典影響他人的人”在原文中并沒有體現(xiàn)。D項(xiàng)“習(xí)慣于引經(jīng)據(jù)典幫助員工理解公司政策的人”,文章中也找不到根據(jù)。

7.翻譯題

30多年來，外商直接投資的引入不僅帶來了資金，更帶來了先進(jìn)的技術(shù)設(shè)備、管理和經(jīng)營理念，有力地促進(jìn)了中國經(jīng)濟(jì)制度、技術(shù)和管理創(chuàng)新。正因如此，我們?cè)诮衲?月公開征求意見，對(duì)“自主創(chuàng)新”產(chǎn)品的認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行了調(diào)整，上述結(jié)果說明，所有外國企業(yè)都得到了一視同仁的對(duì)待，他們的產(chǎn)品被視為“中國制造”，和中國企業(yè)的產(chǎn)品適用同樣的原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則。自從加入世界貿(mào)易組織以來，中國不斷降低外資準(zhǔn)入門檻。1997年以來，我們4次修訂《外商投資產(chǎn)業(yè)指導(dǎo)目錄》。

(參考詞匯：self-dependentinnovative:consultation;rulesoforigin;entrythreshold)

【答案】

Overthelastthreedecades,foreigndirectinvestmenthasbroughtcapital,advancedtechnologiesandbusinessknow-howtoChina.WeunderstandthatFDIfostersinnovation.Thatiswhy,inApril,weheldapublicconsultationtoreviewthecriteriaweusetoaccredit“self-dependentinnovativeproducts”.Theresultsemphasizedthatallforeignenterprisesaregivenequaltreatmentandthatalltheirproductsareconsideredtobe“madeinChina”,whilethesamerulesoforiginareappliedtothemastoChineseproducts.SincejoiningtheWorldTradeOrganization,Chinahascontinuallyloweredtheentrythresholdforforeigninvestment.Since1997,wehaverevisedtheCatalogueofIndustriesforForeignInvestmentGuidancefourtimes.

8.單選題

Therearefaultswhichagereleasesusfrom,andtherearevirtueswhichturntoviceswiththelapseofyears.Theworstoftheseisthrift,whichinearlyandmiddlelifeiswisdomanddutytopracticeforaprovisionagainstdestitution.Astimegoesonthisvirtueisapttoturnintotheugliest,cruelest,shabbiestofthevices.Thenthevictimofitfindshimselfstoringpastallprobableneedofsavingforhimselforthosenexthim,tothedeprivationoftheremoterkinoftherace.Intheearliertimewhengainwassymbolizedbygoldorsilver,themiserhadasensualjoyinthetouchofhisriches,inhearingthecoinsclinkintheirfallthroughhisfingersandingloatingupontheirincreasesensibletothehandandeye.Thenthemiserhadhisplaceamongthegreatfiguresofmisdoing;hewasofadramaticeffect,likeamurdererorarobberandsomethingofthisbaddistinctionclungtohimevenwhenhiscoinshadchangedtopapercurrency,theclean,whitenotesoftheonlyEnglishbank,orthegreenbacks,ofourinnumerablebanksofissue;butwhenthesenseofricheshadbeentransmutedtothebalanceinhisfavorathisbanker’s,orthebondsinhisdraweratthesafety-depositvault,allsplendorhadgoneoutofhisvice.Hisbademinencewasgone,butheclungtothelustofgainwhichhadrankedhimwiththepicturesquewrong-doers,andwhichonlyruinfromwithoutcouldsavehimfrom,unlesshegavehisremnantofstrengthtosavinghimselffromit.Mostagingmenaresensibleofallthis,butfewhavethefranknessofthatagingmanwhooncesaidthathewhodiedrichdieddisgraced,anddiedtheotherdayinthecomparativepovertyoffiftymillions.

1.Thisshortpassageismainlytotellthat（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,oneisthoughtviciouswhenhe（）.

3.Theitalicizedexpression“gloatingupon”probablymeans（）.

4.Thewords“inthecomparativepovertyoffiftymillions”attheendofthepassagesuggestsanotionthat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.manbecomesincreasinglygreedywhengettingold

B.amisercanbehonestifhedoesnowrongact

C.agecanhelpconvertsomevirtueintovice

D.misersallstartedfromtryingtobethrifty

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.gathersupmoneyatthesacrificeofallhisfamilymembers

B.practicesendlessthriftytoguardhispeoplefrompoverty

C.storescontinuouslyforhisownandhisrelatives’needs

D.savestoomuchbutwouldn’tspenditforthenecessary

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thinkingwithslightguilt

B.seeingwithmuchsatisfaction

C.touchingwithgreatawe

D.hearingwithlittledelight

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.stinginessmaycauseaveryrichmantodieverypitiful

B.richpeoplemaystilltake50millionascomparativelittle

C.oneremainsdiscontentwithallhehasgaineduntilhisdeath

D.therichareinconsiderateofthemajoritythatliveinpoverty

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章的中心句是第一句Therearefaultswhichagereleasesusfrom,andtherearevirtueswhichturntoviceswiththelapseofyears.（有些缺點(diǎn)會(huì)隨著年齡的增長而消失，有些美德會(huì)隨著歲月的流逝而變成惡習(xí)。），接著文章以節(jié)儉為例說明主題。因此C選項(xiàng)“年齡可以使美德變?yōu)樾皭骸闭_。A選項(xiàng)“人越老越貪婪”和原文隨著歲月的流逝節(jié)儉變成惡習(xí)的意思混淆，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“如果守財(cái)奴沒有做錯(cuò)事，他也可以是誠實(shí)的”在文中沒有提及，所以B錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“吝嗇鬼都是從努力節(jié)儉開始的”是文中的一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)，不能概括文章主旨，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

2.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第四句Thenthevictimofitfindshimselfstoringpastallprobableneedofsavingforhimselforthosenexthim,tothedeprivationoftheremoterkinoftherace.（有這種陋習(xí)的人發(fā)現(xiàn)他們自己不斷地儲(chǔ)存，致使其他遠(yuǎn)親們一無所獲。），說明被視為罪惡的原因是只顧自己積蓄，不幫助其他遠(yuǎn)親。因此D選項(xiàng)“儲(chǔ)蓄太多，但不愿花在必要的地方”正確。A選項(xiàng)“犧牲所有的家庭成員來攢錢”，B選項(xiàng)“孜孜不倦地節(jié)儉以保護(hù)他的人民免受貧困”，C選項(xiàng)“不斷地儲(chǔ)存以滿足自己和親戚的需要”均不是被視為罪惡的原因，所以A，B，C錯(cuò)誤。

3.語義推測(cè)題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第五句Intheearliertimewhengainwassymbolizedbygoldorsilver,themiserhadasensualjoyinthetouchofhisriches,inhearingthecoinsclinkintheirfallthroughhisfingersandingloatingupontheirincreasesensibletothehandandeye.（在早期，財(cái)富是以金或銀作為象征的，當(dāng)守財(cái)奴接觸到自己的財(cái)富時(shí)，聽到硬幣從他的手指間叮當(dāng)作響地掉下時(shí)，就會(huì)感到一種感官上的快樂，而且還會(huì)因?yàn)橛矌诺脑黾佣凑醋韵病＃?，說明“gloatingupon”在這里的意思是滿意地看到自己的財(cái)富增加。因此B選項(xiàng)“滿意地看到”正確。A選項(xiàng)“帶著輕微的負(fù)罪感思考”，C選項(xiàng)“充滿敬畏地觸摸”，D選項(xiàng)“聽著不太高興”不符合原文的意思，所以A，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

4.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一句Mostagingmenaresensibleofallthis,butfewhavethefranknessofthatagingmanwhooncesaidthathewhodiedrichdieddisgraced,anddiedtheotherdayinthecomparativepovertyoffiftymillions.（大多數(shù)上了年紀(jì)的人都明白吝嗇的下場(chǎng)，但是沒幾個(gè)人像那位老人一樣坦率地說過，富人死得并不體面，他死時(shí)雖然有五千萬的財(cái)富，但相對(duì)來說，他精神上是十分貧困的。），說明這句話暗示的內(nèi)容是雖然吝嗇的人可能會(huì)非常富有，但他們死去時(shí)的處境也是很可憐的。因此A選項(xiàng)“吝嗇可能會(huì)使一個(gè)非常富有的人死得很可憐”正確。B選項(xiàng)“富人可能仍然覺得五千萬很少”，C選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)人直到死前都不滿足于他所得到的一切”，D選項(xiàng)“富人不考慮大多數(shù)生活在貧困中的人”的說法均太籠統(tǒng)，所以B，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

9.單選題

Davidtendstofeeluselessandunwantedinasocietythatgivessomuch（）towhocompetewell.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prestige

B.regime

C.superiority

D.legislation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)prestige“威信”；B選項(xiàng)regime“政體”；C選項(xiàng)superiority“優(yōu)越”；D選項(xiàng)legislation“立法”。句意：在這樣一個(gè)給予強(qiáng)者顯赫聲望的社會(huì)里，大衛(wèi)覺得自己無用，不被社會(huì)需要。本句表示強(qiáng)者獲得威望。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

It'sdisturbingtonotehowmanyofcrimeswedoknowaboutweredetected（）,notbysystematicinspectionsorothersecurityprocedures.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.byaccident

B.onschedule

C.ingeneral

D.atintervals

【答案】A

【解析】byaccident偶然，意外地；onschedule按時(shí)；ingeneral通常，一般而言，總之；atintervals不時(shí)。句意：令人不安的是，我們所知道的許多罪行都是偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)的，而不是通過系統(tǒng)的檢查或其他安全程序發(fā)現(xiàn)的。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

11.單選題

Asitturnedouttobeasmallhouseparty,we（

）soformally.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.needn'tdressup

B.didnotneedhavedressedup

C.didnotneeddressup

D.needn'thavedressedup

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。needn’thavedone意為“不必做的事而做了”。

句意：原來只是一個(gè)小型家庭聚會(huì)，我們沒必要打扮得這么正式。

12.單選題

Thehistoryoffilmreflectsthe（

）inherentinthemediumitself:filmcombinesstillphotographstorepresentcontinuousmotionand,whileseemingtopresentlifeitself,canalsoofferimpossibleanddreamlikeunrealities.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.trivialities

B.biases

C.constraints

D.paradoxes

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。triviality“淺薄，輕浮，瑣事”；bias“偏見，偏愛”；constraint“約束，局促”；paradox“悖論，反論，似非而是的論點(diǎn)，自相矛盾的人或事”。句意：電影的歷史反映了這種媒體本身具備的矛盾：電影將靜止的照片結(jié)合在一起區(qū)別表現(xiàn)連續(xù)的動(dòng)作，而當(dāng)呈現(xiàn)生活時(shí)，也經(jīng)常提供一些不可能的和不真實(shí)的東西。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

13.單選題

Eyespots,themostrudimentaryeyes,arefoundinprotozoanflagellates,flatworms,andsegmentedworms.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.principal

B.perceptive

C.primitive

D.persistent

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。rudimentary表示“基本的，退化的，未發(fā)展的”；A項(xiàng)principal“主要的，資本的”，B項(xiàng)perceptive“洞察力強(qiáng)的，思維敏捷的”，C項(xiàng)primitive“原始的，遠(yuǎn)古的”，D項(xiàng)persistent“執(zhí)著的，堅(jiān)持不懈的”。句意：眼斑存在于原生動(dòng)物鞭毛蟲、扁蟲和分節(jié)蟲中，是未發(fā)展的眼睛。根據(jù)句意可知，rudimentary在句子中表示“原始的，未進(jìn)化的”意思，只有C項(xiàng)符合。故該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Ifacatcomestooclosetoitsnest,themockingbird_______asetofactionstoprotectitsoffspring.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hastens

B.releases

C.devises

D.initiates

【答案】D

【解析】hastens加速,催促;releases釋放,放松;devises設(shè)計(jì),想出;initiates發(fā)起,開始。句意：如果一只貓離知更鳥的巢太近,它就會(huì)采取一系列行動(dòng)來保護(hù)它的后代。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

15.單選題

ThegovernmentmakesrichpensionersricherstillBRITAIN’Spensionersareacossetedlot.Since2011theirstatepensionshavebeenprotectedbythe“triplelock?”whichensurestheyrisealongwithprices,warningsor2.5%,whicheverishigher.PerksfortheoldsuchasfreeTVlicensesandbuspassesandanannualwinterhandouttohelpwithheatinghaveallsurvivedausterity.Governmentbondspayingwellabovethemarketrateofinteresthavejustbeenmadeavailableexclusivelytothoseaged65andover.Isallthisgenerosityjustified?

Pensionersarepoorerthanworking-agepeople-almostallhaveincomesbelowthenationalaverage.Buttheyaretreatedbetterbythestate.Foranygivenprivateincome,retirees'equalizeddisposableincome-thatis,moneyavailabletospendafterthedeductionoftaxesandpaymentofbenefits,andadjustedtoaccountforhouseholdsize—ishigherthanthatofyoungerpeople

Thestatepension,currentlyworthabout￡6.000(around$9,000)ayear,accountsformuchofthediscrepancy.Itisoftenseenasarewardforpastcontributions,notasapurebenefit,butthisisdubious:pensionsarefundedbytoday'staxpayers.Evenifpensionsarecountedasprivateincome,therichestpensionersstilldowellfromthestate.Theydonotpaynationalinsurance(ataxleviedonlyonearnedincome)ontheirprivatepensions,leavingmoremoneyforcruisesandconservatories.

OnJanuary27th,inaninterviewwiththeDailyTelegraphnewspaper,DavidCameronpromisedthatafutureConservativegovernmentwouldremovehousingbenefitfrom18-to21-years-oldsagroupthatsuffersfromhigher-than-averageunemploymentandalreadyreceiveslessgenerouswelfarepayments.Meanwhile,thesilver-hairedwhowillbenefitmostfromthegovernment’snewbondsarethosewhocanaffordtostashawaythefull￡20,000limit—morethanayear'sincomeformostpensioners.It'sagoodtimetoberichandold.

1.“Austerity’inline5,paragraph1means（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingistrue?

3.Discrepancy'inline2,paragraph3refersto（）.

4.InBritish,retireescangoforcruisesandconservatories,because（）.

5.WhyitisagoodtimetoberichandoldinBritish,because（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.economicdepression.

B.simplicity

C.contradiction

D.financialretrenchment

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theretireesearnmorethantheyoungerpeople

B.Theretireesarefreeoftaxes

C.Theretiresalmostallhaslowerincomes.

D.Theretireesareallwellpaid.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.differenceinincomebetweentheretireesandtheworkingpeople.

B.differenceinlifebetweentheretireesandtheworkingpeople.

C.differenceinattitudesbetweentheretireesandtheworkingpeople

D.differentinrewardbetweentheretireesandtheworkingpeople.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theydonotpaynationalinsuranceontheirprivatepensions.

B.theyearnmoremoneythantheyoungerpeople

C.theyhavemoretimethantheyoungerpeople

D.theygotarewardforTheirpastcontributions

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.8-to21-year-olds-agroupreceivesgenerouswelfarepayments

B.thesilver-hairedbenefitmostfromthegovernment.

C.therearelesspeopleover65.

D.theyhavemadegreatcontributiontothecountry.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.詞義題。根據(jù)題干定位至第一段:PerksfortheoldsuchasfreeTVlicensesandbuspassesandanannualwinterhandouttohelpwithheatinghaveallsurvivedausterity(給老人們的附帶福利，比如免費(fèi)電視許可、巴士通行證以及每年發(fā)放的保暖健康手冊(cè)在財(cái)政緊縮的當(dāng)下統(tǒng)統(tǒng)保留了下來)。因此，此處談及英國養(yǎng)老金額外津貼的發(fā)放背景，因此，選項(xiàng)中，只有D項(xiàng)符合“austerity筒樸，樸素，節(jié)衣縮食”符合語境。

2.判斷推理題。各選項(xiàng)為:A:退休人員的收入比年輕人高。B:退休人員免稅。C:退休人員幾乎都收入較低。D:退休人員的工資都很高。第二段指出:Pensionersarepoorerthanworking-agepeople—almostallhaveincomesbelowthenationalaverage.Buttheyaretreatedbetterbythestate.Foranygivenprivateincome,retirees'equalizeddisposableincome—thatis,moneyavailabletospendafterthedeductionoftaxesandpaymentofbenefits,andadjustedtoaccountforhouseholdsize—ishigherthanthatofyoungerpeople(退休老人的收入低于正在工作的人們——大多數(shù)老人只能拿到低于國家平均工資水平的退休金。但是國家更優(yōu)待他們。對(duì)于任何有固定收入的個(gè)人，退休人員的可支配收入——在交稅和支付福利后并按照家庭收入比例作出調(diào)整的可支配金額——比年輕人的收入要高得多)，因此，A項(xiàng)正確，B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，C和D項(xiàng)表述過于絕對(duì)。

3.詞義題。對(duì)于“Discrepancy”的理解可參考此句:Foranygivenprivateincome,retirees'equalizeddisposableincomeishigherthanthatofyoungerpeople(對(duì)于任何有固定收入的個(gè)人，退休人員的可支配收入