考研考博-英語-四川職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-四川職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

______ofanewspapernorthenumberofpagesinaneditionhaseverbeenstandardized.

問題1選項

A.Thepagesizeisneither

B.Neitheristhepagesize

C.Thepagesize,neither

D.Neitherthepagesize

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配?？疾榈氖恰皀either...nor...”的用法，這是一個表示并列否定的結(jié)構(gòu)，在neither與nor后面各自接的成分在屬性上必須保持一致，由題干可知，我們應(yīng)該要選擇一個名詞性成分，A項、B項是句子所以排除；因為neither是一般放在句首的，所以C項排除；句意：一份報紙的版面大小和一版的頁數(shù)都沒有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化。因此，該題正確答案為D。

2.單選題

Itisawell-knownfactthatthecatfamily___lionsandtigers.

問題1選項

A.enriches

B.accommodates

C.adopts

D.embraces

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項enriches“使充實；使肥沃；使富足”；B選項accommodates“容納；使適應(yīng)；供應(yīng)；調(diào)解”；C選項adopts“采??；接受；收養(yǎng)；正式通過”；D選項embraces“擁抱；欣然采納；信奉；包含”。句意：眾所周知，貓科動物___獅子和老虎。本句表達(dá)“貓科動物包括老虎和獅子”，因此D選項正確。

3.單選題

Variousstudieshaveshownthatincreasedspendingoneducationhasnotledtomeasurableimprovementsinlearning.Between1980and2008,staffandteachersatUSpublicschoolsgrewroughlytwiceasfastasstudents.Yetstudentsshowednoadditionallearninginachievementtests.

Universitiesshowsimilartrendsofincreasedadministrationpersonnelandcostswithoutgreaterlearning,asdocumentedinRichardArumandJosipaRoksa’srecentbookAcademicallyAdrift:LimitedLearningonCollegeCampuses.

Asurveyshowsthat63%ofemployerssaythatrecentcollegegraduatesdon’thavetheskillstheyneedtosucceedand25%ofemployerssaythatentry-levelwritingskillsarelacking.

Somesimplisticallyattributethedeclineinourpubliceducationsystemtothedrainofskilledstudentsbyprivateschools,butfarmoresignificanteventswereatwork.

Publicschoolsworkedwelluntilaboutthe1970s.Infact,untilthattime,publicschoolsprovidedfarbettereducationthatprivateones.Itwastheunder-performingstudentswhowerethrownoutofpublicschoolsandwenttoprivateones.

Aprominentreasonpublicschoolsdidwellwasthatmanyhighlyqualifiedwomenhadfewoptionsforworkingoutsidethehouseotherthanbeingteachersornurses.Theyacceptedrelativelylowpay,difficultworkingconditions,andgavetheirverybest.

Havingsuchalargesupplyoftalentedwomenteachersmeantthatsocietycouldpaylessfortheirservices.Women’sliberationopenedupnewprofessionalopportunitiesforwomen,and,overtime,someofthebestleftteachingasacareeroption,bringingaboutagradualdeclineinthequalityofschooling.

Alsoaroundthattime,regulationgovernmentandunionscametodictatepay,preventadjustments,andintroducebureaucraticstandardforadvancement.Largeeducationbureaucraciesandunionscametodominatethelandscape,conflisingactivitywithachievement.Bureaucraciesregularlyrewritecurriculum,talknonsenseabouttheoriesofeducation,andrequireevenmoreadministrators.Theendresulthasbeenthat,afterallthespending,studentshaveworsemathandreadingskillsthanboththeirforeignpeersandearliergenerationsspendingfarlessoneducationsalltheaccumulatingevidencenowdocuments.

1.WhatdowelearnfromvariousstudiesonAmerica'spubliceducation?

2.Howdosomepeopleexplainthedeclineinpubliceducation?

3.Whatwasthesignificantcontributortothepastgloryofpublicschools?

4.Whydidsomeofthebestwomenteachersleaveteaching?

5.Whatdoestheauthorthinkisoneoftheresultofgovernmentinvolvementineducation?

問題1選項

A.Achievementtestshavefailedtotrulyreflectthequalityofteaching.

B.Publicschoolslacktheresourcestocompetewithprivateschools.

C.Littleimprovementineducationhasresultedfromincreasedspending.

D.Thenumberofstudentshasincreasedmuchfasterthanthatofteachers.

問題2選項

A.Governmentinvestmentdoesnotmeetschool'sneeds.

B.Skilledstudentsaremovingtoprivateschools.

C.Qualifiedteachersarefarfromadequatelypaid.

D.Trainingofstudents'basicskillsisneglected.

問題3選項

A.Well-behavedstudents

B.Talentedwomenteachers

C.Efficientadministration

D.Generouspayforteachers

問題4選項

A.Newcareeropportunitiesweremadeavailabletothembywomen’sliberation.

B.Higheracademicrequirementsmadeitdifficultforthemtostayintheirjobs.

C.Theywereunhappywiththebureaucraticadministrationintheirschools.

D.Theheavyteachingloadsleftthemlittletimeandenergyforfamilylife.

問題5選項

A.Increasingemphasisontheoriesofeducation.

B.Highlystandardizedteachingmethods.

C.Students'improvedacademicperformance.

D.Anever-growingnumberofadministration

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“我們能夠從各種關(guān)于美國公共教育的研究中學(xué)到什么？”文中第一段最后一句話提到學(xué)生并未在能力考試中展現(xiàn)出學(xué)識有所增長（Yetstudentsshowednoadditionallearninginachievementtests）,這是為了說明“教育沒有得到改善”，由此可看出能力測試一定程度上反映了教學(xué)質(zhì)量，因此選項A的表述是錯誤的，排除；第四段提到了公立學(xué)校和私立學(xué)校之爭，但未明確指出公立學(xué)校是因為資源短缺而流失優(yōu)等生，因此選項B表述不正確，排除；第一段第二句提到美國公立學(xué)校教職工數(shù)量的增長速度約是學(xué)生的兩倍(staffandteachers...grow…twiceasfastasstudents),因此選項D表述錯誤，排除。綜上，選項C符合題意。

第2題:2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“一些人是如何解釋公共教育的衰退的？”文章第四段提到一些人簡單地將公共教育體系的衰退歸因于私立學(xué)校將高素質(zhì)的學(xué)生招走（Somesimplisticallyattributethedeclineinourpubliceducationsystemtothedrainofskilledstudentsbyprivateschools,butfarmoresignificanteventswereatwork），由此可知選項B符合題意。

第3題:3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“公立學(xué)校過去輝煌的原因是什么？”文章第六段提到公立學(xué)校表現(xiàn)出色的一個突出原因是許多高素質(zhì)的女性除了當(dāng)老師或護士之外，幾乎沒有其他工作，她們接受了相對較低的工資和艱苦的工作條件，并盡了最大的努力（Aprominentreasonpublicschoolsdidwellwasthatmanyhighlyqualifiedwomenhadfewoptionsforworkingoutsidethehouseotherthanbeingteachersornurses.Theyacceptedrelativelylowpay,difficultworkingconditions,andgavetheirverybest）。由此可知選項B符合題意。

第4題:4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“為什么一些最優(yōu)秀的女教師會離開教學(xué)崗位？”文章倒數(shù)第二段提到婦女解放為婦女開辟了新的職業(yè)機會，隨著時間的推移，一些最好的女教師離開了這個職業(yè)，導(dǎo)致教育質(zhì)量下降（Women’sliberationopenedupnewprofessionalopportunitiesforwomen,and,overtime,someofthebestleftteachingasacareeroption,bringingaboutagradualdeclineinthequalityofschooling），因此可知選項A符合題意。

第5題:5.觀點態(tài)度題。題目問的是“作者認(rèn)為政府參與教育的結(jié)果之一是什么？”文章最后一段第一、二句提到政府和工會開始制定規(guī)章制度，規(guī)定工資，防止調(diào)整，并引入晉升的官僚標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（Alsoaroundthattime,regulationgovernmentandunionscametodictatepay,preventadjustments,andintroducebureaucraticstandardforadvancement），以及后面的Largeeducationbureaucraciesandunionscametodominatethelandscape,conflisingactivitywithachievement.Bureaucraciesregularlyrewritecurriculum,talknonsenseabouttheoriesofeducation,andrequireevenmoreadministrators，可以看出政府采取的一系列措施，使得學(xué)校的管理人員在不斷增加，因此選項D符合題意。

4.單選題

Weallleftthemeeting,beingconvincedthattheprojectwas（）.

問題1選項

A.fertile

B.inevitable

C.inherent

D.feasible

【答案】D

【解析】句意:我們都離開了會場，并確信這個項目可行。

考查形容詞辨析。fertile肥沃的，富饒的，能生育的；inevitable必然的，不可避免的;inherent固有的，遺傳的;feasible可行的，可能的。因此D符合句意。

5.翻譯題

Atthestartofthe21stcentury,humankindfindsitselfonanon-sustainablecourse—thecoursethat,unlessitischanged,couldleadtograndscalecatastrophes.Atthesametime,weareunlockingformidablenewcapabilitiesthatleadtomoreexcitinglivesandgloriouscivilizations.Thiscouldbeeitherhumanity’slastcenturyorthecenturythatsetstheworldonacoursetowardaspectacularfuture.

Weliveonasmall,beautifulandatotallyisolatedplanet,butitspopulationisbecomingtoolarge;enormousnewconsumersocietiesaregrowing,ofwhichChinaisthelargest;andtechnologyisbecomingpowerfulenoughtowrecktheplanet.Wearetravelingatbreakneckspeedintoanageoftheextremes—extremesinwealthandpoverty,extremesintechnologyandtheexperimentsthatscientistswanttoperform,extremeforcesofglobalism,weaponsofmassdestructionandterroristsactinginthenameofreligion.Ifwearetosurvive,wehavetolearnhowtomanagethissituation.

Thesetofproblemshasasetofsolutions.Ifwehumansimplementthesesolutions,wecangraduallyachievesustainabledevelopmentandasustainablebutaffluentlife.Workingtowardsustainabilityrequiresmanydifferenttypesofactionsindifferentsubjectareas.Inlightofrapidlyadvancingtechnology,however,sustainabilityaloneisnotenough.Weneedtobeconcernedwithsurvivability.Theremustbeamoveawayfromtheuntenablecourseweareontodaytowardaworldwherewelearntocontrolthediverseforcesweareunleashing.

【答案】【參考譯文】在21世紀(jì)開始之際，人類意識到自己正走上了一條走不下去的路。除非改變方向，否則這條路會將人類引向巨大的災(zāi)難?？墒峭瑫r，我們也正釋放出種種新的巨大潛能，而借助這些潛能，人類能迎來各種更令人激動的生活和更光輝的文明。這可能是人類的最后一個世紀(jì)，但也可能是人類撥正航程，朝光輝燦爛未來駛?cè)サ囊粋€世紀(jì)。

我們生活在一個與其他星球隔絕的美麗的小星球上，但是地球的人口已經(jīng)太多；龐大的新興消費社會正在成長，而中國是其中最大的一個；科技也正變得無比強大到足以毀壞這個星球。我們正瘋狂地奔向一個極端的時代：極端的富有，極端的貧困，極端的科學(xué)技術(shù)，極端的科學(xué)實驗，極端的全球化影響力，大規(guī)模毀滅性武器，還有以宗教名義進行的恐怖活動。假如想要逃此一劫，我們就得學(xué)會如何駕馭這一形勢。

這一系列的問題也有一系列的解決方案。如果我們?nèi)祟惸軐⑦@些方案付諸實施，我們就能漸漸地達(dá)到可持續(xù)發(fā)展的目標(biāo)，享有一種既可持續(xù)但仍富裕的生活。達(dá)到可持續(xù)這個目標(biāo)需要在不同的領(lǐng)域采取不同的行動。然而考慮到科技的快速發(fā)展，僅僅可持續(xù)是不夠的。我們需要關(guān)注能否存活。我們必須放棄今日我們采取的已無出路的方向，朝一個新方向前行，而新世界要求我們學(xué)會掌控我們釋放出的各種能量。

6.單選題

WhenGinaGarroandBrianDupliseaadopted4-month-oldAndresfromColombialastmonth,theyweredeterminedtotaketimeofffromworktocareforhim.Sixyearsago,aftertheirdaughter,Melina,wasborn,thefamilyscrapedbyonDuplisea’s$36,000salaryasaconstructionworkersoGarro,aspecial-educationteacher,couldstayhome.Now,sinceGarro’sjobfurnishesthefamilyhealthinsurance,she’llheadbacktoworkthisfallwhileDupliseajugglesdiapersandbabybottles.Hisbossagreedtothetimeoff-buthewillhavetoforgohis$18-an-hourpay.Itwon’tbeeasy.ThoughGarro’s$40,000salarywillcovertheirmortgages,thecouplewillhavetofreezetheirretirementaccounts,scalebackonMelina’safter-schoolactivities-andpraythatnothinggoeswrongwiththecar.“Ittakesawayfromyourcushionandyoursecurity,”saysGarro.“Thingswillbetight.”

The1993FamilyandMedicalLeaveActwassupposedtohelpfamilieslikeGarro’s,offeringasafetynettoemployeeswhowanttotaketimeofftonurturenewborns,tendtotheirownmajorillnessesorcareforsickrelatives.Butwhilethelawguaranteesthatworkerswon’tlosttheirjobs,itdoesn’tcovertheirpaychecks.Onesurveylastyearshowedthatwhile24millionAmericanshadtakenleavessince1999,2.7millionmorewantedtobutcouldn'taffordit.Thatmaychangesoon.Inresponsetoincreasingdemandsfromvotersatleast25statesarenowexploringnewwaystoofferpaidleave.Onepossibility:tappingstatedisabilityfundsAhandfulofstates-NewYork,NewJersey,California,RhodeIslandandHawaii—alreadydipintodisabilitymoneytoofferpartialpayforwomenonmaternityleave.Butthatdoesn’thelpdadsorpeoplecaringforelderlyparents.NewJerseyandNewYorkmaysoonexpanddisabilityprogramstocoverleaveforfathersandothercaretakers.Thirteenstates,includingArizona,IllinoisandFlorida,haveproposedusingunemploymentfundstopayforleave.

Massachusettshasbeenespeciallycreative.Whenthestate'sactinggovernor,JaneSwift,gavebirthtotwindaughtersinMay,shedrewattentiontotheissuewithherown"workingmaternityleave":shetelecommutedpart-timebutearnedherusualfull-timesalary.EvenbeforeSwiftreturnedtoworklastweek,thestateSenateunanimouslypassedapilotplanthatwouldusesurplusfundsfromahealth-insuranceprogramfortheunemployedtogivenewparents12weeksoffathalfpay.Anotherplan,proposedintheHouse,wouldrequireemployerstokickin$20perworkertosetupa"NewFamiliesTrustFund."Businesseswouldgettaxcreditsinreturn.ThisweekSwiftisexpectedtoannounceherownpaid-leaveplanforlower-incomemothersandfathers.Pollsshowwidespreadpublicsupport—anotherreasonSwiftandotherpoliticiansacrossthecountryhaveembracedtheissue.

Stillnoteveryone'swildabouttheidea.Peoplewithoutchildrenquestionwhynewparents—thefirstgrouptogetpaidleaveundermanyoftheproposedplans—shouldgetmoregovernmentperksthantheydo.Businessgroupsareresistanttoproposalsthatwouldraidunemploymentfunds;severalhavealreadyfiledsuittoblockthem.Astheeconomyslows,manycompaniessaytheycan’taffordtocontributetoproposednewbenefitfundseither.Businesslobbyistssaytoomanyemployeesalreadyabuseexistingfederalfamily-leavelawsbytakingtimeofffordubiousreasonsorintinytimeincrements.Theproposedlaws,theysay,wouldonlymakemattersworse.

ForGarroandDuplisea,though,thenewlawscouldmakeallthedifference.AsMelinafixesapeanut-butter-and-jellysandwich,DupliseahugsasnoozingAndresagainsthisTshirt"We'retryingtodotherightthingbytwokids,andwehavetosacrifice,"Dupliseasays.InMassachusettsandplentyofotherstates,helpmaybeontheway.

1.Fromthefirstparagraph,welearnthat（）.

2.WhenGarrosays"Ittakesawayfromyourcushionandyoursecurity",shemeans（）.

3.IfGarrolivesinMassachusetts,shewill（）.

4.Theword"perk"(Line2.Para.4)mostprobablymeans（）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardspaidleaveseemstobethatof（）.

問題1選項

A.GarroandDupliseausedtoliveacomfortableandeasylife

B.Duplisea'sbossissoconsiderateastoallowhimtokeephisjob

C.Garrocanearnmoremoneysosheshouldgobacktowork.

D.Thecouplehavemadealotofsacrificestotakecareoftheirchildren

問題2選項

A.itexhaustsherfamilysavings

B.itplungesherfamilyintofinancialtrouble

C.itdeprivesherchildrenofhealthinsurance

D.itmakesherfeelinsecure

問題3選項

A.have12weeksoffathalfpay

B.telecommutepart-timebutearnfull-timesalary

C.leaveherjobwithoutpaytotakecareofherkids

D.get$20fromheremployerforherleave

問題4選項

A.grant

B.policy

C.encouragement

D.reward

問題5選項

A.opposition

B.suspicion

C.approval

D.indifference

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:1.推理判斷題。題目問的是“從第一段，我們可以知道……”。文章第一段主要講述了這對夫妻為了養(yǎng)育兩個孩子付出了很多，在工作和養(yǎng)育孩子之間做權(quán)衡，因此選項D“這對夫妻為了養(yǎng)育孩子做出了很大犧牲”符合題意。

第2題:2.推理判斷題。題目問的是“當(dāng)伽羅說‘它會帶走你的存款和保障’，她的意思是什么？”文章第一段提到伽羅夫婦不得不凍結(jié)養(yǎng)老賬號，縮減女兒的課后活動，還要祈求汽車不出問題（thecouplewillhavetofreezetheirretirementaccounts,scalebackonMelina’safter-schoolactivities-andpraythatnothinggoeswrongwiththecar），由此可知請假照顧孩子讓他們的經(jīng)濟問題越發(fā)嚴(yán)重，因此選項B符合題意。

第3題:3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“如果伽羅生活在馬薩諸塞州，她將會……”。文章第三段提到在她（Swift）重返工作崗位前，州參議院一致通過了一項試點方案，即允許用失業(yè)人員醫(yī)療保險計劃的聲譽基金，讓剛生了孩子的父母可以拿一般工資休假12周（EvenbeforeSwiftreturnedtoworklastweek,thestateSenateunanimouslypassedapilotplanthatwouldusesurplusfundsfromahealth-insuranceprogramfortheunemployedtogivenewparents12weeksoffathalfpay），由此可知選項A符合題意。

第4題:4.詞義題。題目問的是“perk這個詞最有可能的意思是……”。從文章第二、三段可知，各個州政府都試圖動用各種基金對請假照顧新生兒的父母進行經(jīng)濟幫助，由此可知此處是政府撥款，因此選項A符合題意。

第5題:5.觀點態(tài)度題。題目問的是“作者對帶薪請假的觀點是什么？”文章第一段通過伽羅夫婦的實例來引出當(dāng)下的一種現(xiàn)象，即有些家庭為了照顧孩子不得不請假，從而導(dǎo)致了經(jīng)濟困難；文章第二、第三段提到各州為了解決問題采取了一些相應(yīng)措施；文章最后提到這些政策會帶來翻天覆地的變化，會幫到伽羅夫婦（InMassachusettsandplentyofotherstates,helpmaybeontheway），所以作者對這些措施的看法是正面的，因此選項C符合題意。

7.單選題

TheUnitedStatesconsistsoffiftystates,

hasitsowngovernment.

問題1選項

A.eachofthem

B.theyeach

C.which

D.eachofwhich

【答案】D

【解析】考查定語從句。句意：美國由50個州組成，每個州都有自己的政府。選項D符合題意。

8.單選題

Overthepastcentury,allkindsofunfairnessanddiscriminationhavebeencondemnedormadeillegal.Butonepopularformcontinuestothrive:thatisalphabetism.This,forthoseasyetunawareofsuchadisadvantage,referstodiscriminationagainstthosewhosesurnamesbeginwithaletterinthelowerhalfofthealphabet.

IthaslongbeenknownthatthecarsofataxifirmcalledAAAAhaveabigadvantageoverZodiaccarswhencustomerslookthroughtheirphonedirectories.LesswellknownistheadvantagethatAdamAbbothasinlifeoverZoeZysman.Englishnamesarefairlyspreadbetweenthehalvesofthealphabet.YetasuspiciouslylargenumberoftoppeoplehavesurnamesbeginningwithlettersbetweenAandK.

ThustheAmericanpresidentsandvice-presidentshavesurnamesstartingwithBandCseparatelyand26ofGeorgeBush’spredecessors(includinghisfather)hadsurnamesinthefirsthalfofthealphabetagainstjust16inthesecondhalf.Evenmorestriking,sixofthesevenheadsofgovernmentoftheG7richcountriesarealphabeticallyadvantaged(Berlusconi,Blair,Bush,Chirac,ChretienandKoizumi).Theworld’sthreetopcentralbankers(Greenspan,DuisenbergandHayami)areallclosetothetopofthealphabet,evenifoneofthemreallyusesJapanesecharacters.Asaretheworld’sfiverichestmen(Gates,Buffet,Allen,EllisonandAlbrecht).

Canthismerelybecoincidence?Onetheory,dreamtupinallthesparetimeenjoyedbythealphabeticallydisadvantaged,isthattherotsetsinearly.Atthestartofthefirstyearininfantschool,teachersseatpupilsalphabeticallyfromthefront,tomakeiteasiertoremembertheirnames.SoshortsightedZysmanjuniorgetsstuckinthebackrow,andisseldomaskedtheimprovingquestionsbythoseinsensitiveteachers.Atthetimethealphabeticallydisadvantagedmaythinktheyhavehadaluckyescape.Yettheresultmaybeworsequalifications,becausetheygetlessattention,aswellaslessconfidenceinspeakingpublicly.

Thehumiliationcontinues.Atuniversitygraduationceremonies,theABCsproudlygettheirawardsfirst;bythetimetheyreachtheZysmansmostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ.Shortlistsforjobinterviews,electionballotpapers,listsofconferencespeakersandattendeesalltendtobedrawnupalphabetically,andtheirrecipientsloseinterestastheyploughthroughthem.

11.WhatdoestheauthorintendtoillustratewithAAAAcarsandZodiaccars?

12.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstthreeparagraphs?

13.Thefourthparagraphsuggeststhat_____.

14.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“mostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ’’?

15.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?

問題1選項

A.Atypeofconspicuousbias.

B.Akindofoverlookedinequality.

C.Atypeofpersonalprejudice

D.Akindofbranddiscrimination.

問題2選項

A.InbothEastandWest,namesareimportanttosuccess.

B.ThealphabetistoblameforthefailureofZoeZysman.

C.Someformofdiscriminationistoosubtletorecognize.

D.Customersoftenpayalotofattentiontocompanies’names.

問題3選項

A.questionsareoftenputtothemoreintelligentstudents

B.alphabeticallydisadvantagedstudentsoftenescapefromclass

C.studentsshouldbeseatedaccordingtotheireyesight

D.teachersshouldpayequalattentiontoalltheirstudents

問題4選項

A.Theyarenoisilydozingoff.

B.Theyaregettingimpatient.

C.Theyfeelinghumiliated.

D.Theyarebusywithwordpuzzles.

問題5選項

A.PeoplewithsurnamesbeginningwithNtoZareoftenill-treated.

B.Thecampaigntoeliminatealphabetismstillhasalongwaytogo.

C.VIPsinthewesternworldgainagreatdealfromalphabetism.

D.Puttingthingsalphabeticallymayleadtounintentionalunfairness.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】11.推理判斷題，定位到文章一二句也是文章的中心句Overthepastcentury,allkindsofunfairnessanddiscriminationhavebeencondemnedormadeillegal.Butonepopularformcontinuestothrive:thatisalphabetism.“在過去的一個世紀(jì)里，各種不公平和歧視都受到譴責(zé)或被定為非法。但有一種流行的形式仍在蓬勃發(fā)展，那就是字母排序”這是文章的主旨句，說的是雖然這個社會反對歧視但是有種歧視卻被人忽略了，那就是字母順序歧視。第二段主要是舉例說明這種歧視，所以答案選B“一種被忽視的不平等”；

A選項“一種明顯的偏見”，文章沒有提到，屬于無中生有；

C選項“一種個人偏見”，文章沒有提到，屬于無中生有；

D選項“一種品牌歧視”，文章沒有提到，屬于無中生有。

12.主旨大意題，分析文章前三段的行文結(jié)構(gòu)，文章是總分結(jié)構(gòu)，第一段提出生活中有種歧視被我們忽視了，那就是“字母順序歧視”這一觀點，第二三段都是在舉例，說明這種現(xiàn)象不是憑空捏造而是真實存在著的，所以答案選C選項“某種形式的歧視太微妙而無法識別”；

A選項“在東方和西方，名字對成功都很重要”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

B選項“ZoeZysman的失敗要歸咎于字母表”定位到第二段第二句LesswellknownistheadvantagethatAdamAbbothasinlifeoverZoeZysman.（不太為人所知的是，亞當(dāng)?阿伯特(AdamAbbot)在生活中比佐伊?茲斯曼(ZoeZysman)有優(yōu)勢）從這里可以看出名字的字母順序只是讓排在名字字母前面的人比排在后面的人有優(yōu)勢而已，不能把叫ZoeZysman的人的失敗全部歸結(jié)于字母，這里屬于理解過度；

D選項“顧客經(jīng)常很注意公司的名字”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

13.推理判斷題，第一步，尋找句內(nèi)線索，定位到第四段第一句Canthismerelybecoincidence?“這僅僅是巧合嗎？”，從這個反問句就可以看出作者認(rèn)為名字字母靠后的學(xué)生難以獲得成就并非巧合，第二步，尋找上下文線索，第四段描述的是一個作者的推想，就是那些字母排在后面的人小時候因為老師為了省事所以按照名字字母順序被排在了后面，結(jié)果因為老師的忽略沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)某些名字字母排后面的學(xué)生有近視，坐后面就導(dǎo)致每次問問題也輪不到他，所以他錯過了很多成長的機會，然而還覺得幸好沒有叫到我，從這里就可以知道作者其實是通過擺事實的手法來建議教師不應(yīng)該這么簡單粗暴地通過名字字母來排座位，應(yīng)該一視同仁，所以D選項“教師應(yīng)該對所有的學(xué)生給予同等的關(guān)注”正確；

A選項“問題經(jīng)常被問給更聰明的學(xué)生”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

B選項“字母順序不好的學(xué)生經(jīng)常逃課”文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

C選項“學(xué)生應(yīng)根據(jù)自己的視力選擇座位”，文章講述這件事情是希望老師最好不要因為方便自己記憶而按照字母順序排座位，而是希望按照學(xué)生的實際情況來排座位，也就是希望老師多多關(guān)注學(xué)生，而不是讓學(xué)生自己排座位，所以C選項錯誤，屬于張冠李戴。

14.判斷推理題，定位到第五段第二句話Atuniversitygraduationceremonies,theABCsproudlygettheirawardsfirst;bythetimetheyreachtheZysmansmostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ.“在大學(xué)畢業(yè)典禮上，ABC是名字首字母的學(xué)生自豪地第一個獲獎；當(dāng)輪到Zysmans同學(xué)的時候，（）?！蔽恼虑懊孢B接的信息是名字以ABC字母開頭的人很早就拿到首先就很驕傲的拿到了自己的畢業(yè)證，但是名字是Zysmans的人可能因為等待的時間太久了已經(jīng)睡著了，所以答案選A選項“他們鼾聲大作”；

B選項“他們開始不耐煩了”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

C選項“他們感到羞辱”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

D選項“他們忙于字謎”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

15.判斷推理題，由文章第四段可知老師會按照字母順序排位置，沒有人會覺得不合理，但是在不知不覺中對那些字母順序在后面的人造成了一種危害，所以答案選D。

A選項定位到第二段第二句LesswellknownistheadvantagethatAdamAbbothasinlifeoverZoeZysman.（不太為人所知的是，亞當(dāng)?阿伯特(AdamAbbot)在生活中比佐伊?茲斯曼(ZoeZysman)有優(yōu)勢）從這里可知名字字母排前面的人只是相對排后面的人有優(yōu)勢，并沒有說到名字字母排后面的人受到了不好的對待，A選項屬于無中生有；

文章沒有提到該怎么糾正這種鮮為人知的歧視，所以也無從知道糾正這件事是不是任重道遠(yuǎn)，屬于無中生有，所以B選項不選；

C選項定位到文章第三段，文章第三段只是說西方重要人士的字母排在前面以此來佐證字母歧視是存在的，但是沒有說這些人因為名字字母順序排在前面得到了多少優(yōu)勢，所以C選項屬于過度解讀。

9.單選題

Hardworkcan（）yoursuccessinlearningaforeignlanguage.

問題1選項

A.assure

B.guarantee

C.warrant

D.promise

【答案】B

【解析】句意:努力工作能保證你在學(xué)習(xí)一門外語上取得成功。

考查動詞辨析。Assure使確信,向…保證,弄清,查明;guarantee保證,擔(dān)保,保障;warrant使有必要,使正當(dāng);promise許諾,承諾,答應(yīng)。因此B符合句意。

10.單選題

NewresearchbyHillaryPennellandElizabethBehm-MorawitzattheUniversityofMissourisuggeststhat,atleastforwomen,theinfluenceofsuperheroesisnotalwayspositive.Althoughwomenplayavarietyofrolesinthesuperherogenre,includinghelplessmaidenandpowerfulheroine,thefemalecharactersalltendtobehypersexualized,fromtheirperfect,seducingfigurestotheirsexy,revealingcostumes.Exposuretothis,theyshow,canimpactbeliefsaboutgenderroles,bodyesteem,andself-objectification.

Consider,forexample,superheromovieslikeSpider-manorSuperman.Theseaction-packedfilmstypicallyfeatureastrong,capable,intelligentmanfightingavillainousforce.Thegoalofcourseistosavehumanity,butmoreoftenthannotthereisalsoanimmediateneedtorescueafairladyindistress.Thefemalevictimistypicallydelicate,naive,anddefenseless,butatthesametimesexyandbeautiful.Whatshelacksinstrengthandcunningshemakesupforinkindnessandcurves.Itisnotsurprising(orinsignificant)thatsheisoftentheobjectofthehero’saffections.

PennellandBehm-Morawitzarguedthatexposuretothesestereotypicfemalevictims,whoseprimaryappealissexual,maylowerwomen’sbodyesteem,heightenthevaluetheyplaceonbodyimage,andresultinlessequalgenderrolebeliefsandexpectations.However,femalecharactershavecomealongwayinthesuperherogenre,andit’spossiblethattheantidotetothehelplessfairmaidenisthecompetent,commandingsuperheroine.

TheX-Menfilms,forexample,featureanumberofempoweringfemalecharacterslikeStorm,JeanGray,andDazzler,eachofwhomwieldsauniquespecialabilityanddisplaysimpressivecognitiveandphysicalcompetence.Perhapsexposuretothisnewgenerationoffemaleheroineswillresultinmoreequalgenderbeliefs,higherbodyesteem,andgreaterprioritizationofphysicalcompetenceoverappearance.

Still,today’ssuperheroines,liketheirfemalevictimcounterparts,areoftenunrealistic,sexualizedrepresentationsoffemalefigures,withlargechests,curvybacksidesandunattainablehourglassdimensions.Theirskin-tightoutfitsunderlinetheirsexualitywithplungingnecklinesandbareskin,andmanyoftheirnames(e.g.,Risque,Mystique,RubySummers)connote,shallwesay,aslightlylessrespectableprofessionthansuperheroine.

PennellandBehm-Morawitzthusspeculatedthatwhiletoday’spowerfulsuperheroinesmightelevateequalbeliefsaboutgenderroles,theirsexualizednaturemightsimultaneouslyhavedestructiveeffectsonbodyimageandself-objectification.

1.What’stheimpliedmeaningofthefirstparagraph?

2.Femalevictimsinsuperheromoviestendtobe（

）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,theimageofstereotypicfemalevictimscanbeimprovedby

（

）.

4.ThefilmaudienceinParagraph4willmostprobablysupporttheideathat

（

）.

5.Whatisthemainideaofthefifthparagraph?

6.WhatisHilaryPennellandElizabethBehm-Morawitzattitudetowardstoday’ssuperheroines?

問題1選項

A.Womenareeitherhelplessorpowerfulinsuperheromovies.

B.Superheromoviesdefinitelyinspirewomentobecomestronger.

C.Femalecharactersareextremelysexyandappealinginsuperheromovies.

D.Superheromoviesmakewomenobjectifythemselvesandquestiontheirbodyshapes.

問題2選項

A.formidableandquick-witted

B.sophisticatedandintimidating

C.pretentiousandloathsome

D.amiableandseductively-shaped

問題3選項

A.showingmorecompetentandheroicfemalecharacters

B.distinguishingthemfromthesuperheroines

C.turningthemintocapableandpowerfulsuperheroines

D.strengtheningtheirimageasinnocentandalluringmaidens

問題4選項

A.menandwomenareequal

B.specialabilitiesareunrealisticforfemales

C.womenshouldalwaysbeonadiettostayingoodshape

D.theimportanceofastrongbodyshouldbedownplayedcomparedwiththatofappearance

問題5選項

A.Femalerolesaredressedinrevealingandinvitingcostumes.

B.Leadingfemalerolesarestillstereotypedbyalluringbodies.

C.Manyofthesuperheroines’namesarerelatedwithundignifiedjobs.

D.Sexymaidensremainthetypicalimageoffemalevictimsinmovies.

問題6選項

A.Affectionate.

B.Respectful.

C.Objective.

D.Opposed.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

第6題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點定位至原文第一段。根據(jù)“Exposuretothis,theyshow,canimpactbeliefsaboutgenderroles,bodyesteem,andself-objectification.(超級英雄電影會讓婦女質(zhì)疑自己的性別角色、對身體的自尊，將自己降格為物件。)”即可得出本題答案。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點定位至原文第二段。根據(jù)“Thefemalevictimistypicallydelicate,naive,anddefenseless,butatthesametimesexyandbeautiful.Whatshelacksinstrengthandcunningshemakesupforinkindnessandcurves.(超級電影中的女性受害者常常被刻畫成柔弱、單純、無助，然而又楚楚動人的形象。她們不強壯、不狡猾，于是用善良和身體的曲線來彌補。)”,即可得出本題答案。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點定位至原文第三段。根據(jù)“it’spossiblethattheantidotetothehelplessfairmaidenisthecompetent,commandingsuperheroine.(柔弱的女性角色可以通過刻畫能干的、善于發(fā)號施令的女性超級英雄來改善。)”即可得出本題答案。

4.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點定位至原文第四段。根據(jù)“…moreequalgenderbeliefs,higherbodyesteem,andgreaterprioritizationofphysicalcompetenceoverappearance.(新一代的女性英雄形象會帶來更為平等的性別觀念，增強對身體的自尊，更關(guān)注身體能力而不是長相。)”即可得出本題答案。

5.段落大意題。根據(jù)“areoftenunrealistic,sexualizedrepresentationsoffemalefigures(都是虛構(gòu)的，都是情色化的女性人物。)”,即可得出本題答案。

6.觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞，可將信息點定位至原文最后一段。根據(jù)“mightelevateequalbeliefsaboutgenderroles(可能會提升對性別角色的平等信念)”“theirsexualizednaturemightsimultaneouslyhavedestructiveeffectsonbodyimageandself-objectification(他們的性化本質(zhì)可能同時對身體形象和自我客觀化產(chǎn)生破壞性的影響)”，可知他們的態(tài)度是比較客觀的。從而得出本題答案。

11.單選題

Itis