考研考博-英語-外交學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-外交學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Studentswith（）problemsmayapplyforstudentloans.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.economic

B.financial

C.nabobery

D.economical

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)economic“經(jīng)濟(jì)上的”。B選項(xiàng)financial“財(cái)政的”。C選項(xiàng)nabobery“財(cái)主常去的地方”。D選項(xiàng)economical“節(jié)約的，合算的”。句意：有財(cái)務(wù)問題的學(xué)生可以申請學(xué)生貸款。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

Alltheflights（

）becauseofthesnowstorm,wehadtotakethetraininstead.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.werecanceled

B.havingbeencanceled

C.havingcanceled

D.hadbeencanceled

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)。由空格所在句和句中“wehadtotakethetraininstead”都有自己的主語且這里只用逗號“，”將其隔開知這里需用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)來使空格所在句成為狀語，由此可排除不能構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的A項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)；再由這里“航班應(yīng)該是被取消”知使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的B項(xiàng)“havingbeencanceled”正確。故正確答案選B。

3.單選題

Weallknowthatmanymorepeopletodayareright-handedthanleft-handed.Canonetracethissamepatternfarbackinprehistory?Muchoftheevidenceaboutright-handversusleft-handdominancecomesfromstencilsandprintsfoundinrocksheltersinAustraliaandelsewhere,andinmanyIceAgecavesinFrance,Spain,andTasmania.Whenalefthandhasbeenstenciled,thisimpliesthattheartistwasright-handed,andviceversa.Eventhoughthepaintwasoftensprayedonbymonth,onecanassumethatthedominanthandassistedintheoperation.Onealsohastomaketheassumptionthathandswerestenciledpalmdownward—alefthandstenciledpalmupwardmightofcourselookasifitwerearighthand.Of158stencilsintheFrenchcaveofGargas,136havebeenidentifiedasleft,andonly22asright;right-handednesswasthereforeheavilypredominant.

Caveartfurnishesothertypesofevidenceofthisphenomenon.Mostengravings,forexample,arebestlitfromtheleft,asbefitstheworkofright-handedartists,whogenerallyprefertohavethelightsourceontheleftsothattheshadowoftheirhanddoesnotfallonthetipoftheengravingtoolorbrush.InthefewcaseswhereanIceAgefigureisdepictedholdingsomething,itismostly,thoughnotalways,intherighthand.

Cluestoright-handednesscanalsobefoundbyothermethods.Right-handerstendtohavelonger,stronger,andmoremuscularbonesontherightside,andMarcellinBouleaslongagoas1911notedtheLaChapelle-aux-SaintsNeanderthalskeletonhadarightupperarmbonethatwasnoticeablystrongerthantheleft.SimilarobservationshavebeenmadeonotherNeanderthalskeletonssuchasLaFerrassieIandNeanderthalitself.

Fracturesandothercutmarksareanothersourceofevidence.Right-handedsoldierstendtobewoundedontheleft.Theskeletonofa40-or50-year-oldNabateanwarrior,buried2,000yearsagointheNegevDesert,Israel,hadmultiplehealedfracturestotheskull,theleftarm,andtheribs.

Toolsthemselvescanberevealing.Long-handedNeolithicspoonsofyewwoodpreservedinAlpinevillagesdatingto3000B.C.havesurvived;thesignsofrubbingontheirleftsideindicatethattheiruserswereright-handed.ThelateIceAgeropefoundintheFrenchcaveofLascauxconsistsoffibersspiralingtotheright,andwasthereforetressedbyaright-hander.

Occasionallyonecandeterminewhetherstonetoolswereusedintherighthandortheleft,anditisevenpossibletoassesshowfarbackthisfeaturecanbetraced.Instonetoolmakingexperiments,NickToth,aright-hander,heldthecore(thestonethatwouldbecomethetool)inhislefthandandthehammerstoneinhisright.Asthetoolwasmade,thecorewasrotatedclockwise,andtheflakes,removedinsequence,hadalittlecrescentofcortex(thecore’soutersurface)ontheside.Toth’sknappingproduced56percentflakeswiththecortexontheright,and44percentleft-orientedflakes.Aleft-handedtoolmakerwouldproducetheoppositepatternTothhasappliedthesecriteriatothesimilarlymadepebbletoolsfromanumberofearlysites(before1.5millionyears)atKoobiFora,Kenya,probablymadebyHomohabilis.Atsevensiteshefoundthat57percentoftheflakeswereright-oriented,and43percentleft,apatternalmostidenticaltothatproducedtoday.

About90percentofmodernhumansareright-handed:wearetheonlymammalwithapreferentialuseofonehand.Thepartofthebrainresponsibleforfinecontrolandmovementislocatedintheleftcerebralhemisphere，andthefindingsabovesuggestthatthehumanbrainwasalreadyasymmetricalinitsstructureandfunctionnotlongafter2millionyearsago.AmongNeanderthalersof70,000-35,000yearsago,MarcellinBoulenotedthattheLaChapelle-aux-Saintsindividualhadalefthemisphereslightlybiggerthantheright，andthesamewasfoundforbrainsofspecimensfromNeanderthal,Gibraltar,andLaQuina.

54.Allofthefollowingarementionedinparagraphs1and2asevidenceofright-handednessinartandartistsEXCEPT______.

55.TheLaChapelle-aux-SaintsNeanderthalskeletoncanbeidentifiedasright-handedbecause______.

56.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutfracturesandcutmarkscanbeinferredfromthepassage?

57.WhydoestheauthormentiontheIceAgeropefoundintheFrenchcaveofLascaux?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theidealsourceoflightingformostengravings

B.thefactthatalefthandstenciledpalmupwardmightlooklikearighthand

C.theprevalenceofoutlinesoflefthands

D.figuresinprehistoricartholdingobjectswiththerighthand

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.otherNeanderthalskeletonsfoundnearbyarealsoright-handed

B.therightarmboneisstrongerthantheleft

C.itissimilartoskeletonsofLaFerrassieIandNeanderthal

D.therightsideoftheskeletonshowslessevidenceoffractures

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Fracturesandcutmarkscausedbyright-handedsoldierstendtooccurontherightsideoftheinjuredparty’sbody.

B.Therightarmsustainsmoreinjuriesbecause,asthedominantarm,itisusedmoreactively.

C.Inmostpeople,theleftsideofthebodyismorevulnerabletoinjurysinceitisnotdefendedeffectivelybythedominantarm.

D.Fracturesandcutmarksonfossilhumansprobablyoccurredafterdeath.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Asanexampleofanitemonwhichthemarksofwearimplythatitwasusedbyaright-handedperson.

B.Becausetressingisanactivitythatiseasierforaright-handedpersonthanforaleft-handedperson.

C.BecausethecaveofLascauxisthesitewhereresearchershavefoundseveralprehistorictoolsmadeforright-handedpeople.

D.Asanexampleofanitemwhoseconstructionshowsthatitwasmadebyaright-handedperson.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】54.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“除……外，以下所有內(nèi)容都在第1和第2段中提到，作為藝術(shù)和藝術(shù)家中慣用右手的證據(jù)”。根據(jù)第二段第二句Mostengravings,forexample,arebestlitfromtheleft,asbefitstheworkofright-handedartists,whogenerallyprefertohavethelightsourceontheleftsothattheshadowoftheirhanddoesnotfallonthetipoftheengravingtoolorbrush.（例如，大多數(shù)雕刻作品的光線最好從左邊照射，因?yàn)檫@很適合右手藝術(shù)家的作品，他們通常喜歡讓光線照在左邊，這樣他們的手的影子就不會(huì)落在雕刻工具或刷子的頂端。）可知，A項(xiàng)“是大多數(shù)雕刻品的理想的照明光源”。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句Onealsohastomaketheassumptionthathandswerestenciledpalmdownward—alefthandstenciledpalmupwardmightofcourselookasifitwerearighthand.Of158stencilsintheFrenchcaveofGargas,136havebeenidentifiedasleft,andonly22asright;right-handednesswasthereforeheavilypredominant.（我們不得不做出一種假設(shè)：雙手是手掌朝下被印刷出來的，而手掌朝上印刷出來的左手當(dāng)然看起來像一只右手。在法國加爾加斯洞穴的158張模板中，有136張被確定為左手，只有22張是右手，因此，慣用右手的人占主導(dǎo)地位。）可知，C項(xiàng)“左手輪廓的盛行”是正確的，B項(xiàng)“事實(shí)上，用模板繪制的左手掌心向上可能看起來像右手”中的fact（事實(shí)）與原文不符，原文提到的是assumption（假設(shè)），而不是“事實(shí)”。由第二段最后一句InthefewcaseswhereanIceAgefigureisdepictedholdingsomething,itismostly,thoughnotalways,intherighthand.（在少數(shù)幾個(gè)冰河時(shí)期的人物被描繪成拿著東西的例子中，雖然不全是但大多數(shù)都是用右手拿著東西。）可知，D項(xiàng)“史前藝術(shù)中的人物用右手拿著東西”也符合。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

55.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“LaChapelle-au-saints的尼安德特人骨骼可以被確定為右撇子，因?yàn)椤?。根?jù)題干定位到第三段倒數(shù)第二句Right-handerstendtohavelonger,stronger,andmoremuscularbonesontherightside,andMarcellinBouleaslongagoas1911notedtheLaChapelle-aux-SaintsNeanderthalskeletonhadarightupperarmbonethatwasnoticeablystrongerthantheleft.（右撇子的右側(cè)骨骼更長，更強(qiáng)壯，肌肉更發(fā)達(dá)。MarcellinBoule早在1911年提到的一塊名為LaChapelle-aux-Saints的尼安德特人的右上臂骨骼明顯比左上臂強(qiáng)壯。）可知，B項(xiàng)“右臂骨頭比左臂骨頭強(qiáng)壯”符合原文。第三段最后一句指出SimilarobservationshavebeenmadeonotherNeanderthalskeletonssuchasLaFerrassieIandNeanderthalitself.（對其他尼安德特人的骨架的調(diào)查也得到了類似的結(jié)果，例如LaFerrassieI和尼安德特人本身。）可知，名為LaChapelle-au-saints的尼安德特人骨骼與其他尼安德特人、LaFerrassieI以及尼安德特人本身的骨骼都有類似的特點(diǎn)，即右臂骨頭比左臂骨頭強(qiáng)壯，并不是說他們的骨骼是相似的，C項(xiàng)“它與LaFerrassieI和尼安德特人的骨骼相似”偷換概念；A項(xiàng)“附近發(fā)現(xiàn)的其他尼安德特人骨骼也是右撇子”這是在發(fā)現(xiàn)名為LaChapelle-au-saints的尼安德特人骨骼被確定為右撇子之后法身的，A項(xiàng)不選。D項(xiàng)“右側(cè)骨骼骨折的證據(jù)較少”，這是證明右撇子的另外一個(gè)證據(jù)，而不是證明名為LaChapelle-au-saints的尼安德特人骨骼是右撇子的證據(jù)。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

56.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“下列關(guān)于骨折痕和割傷痕的陳述哪一個(gè)可以從文章中推斷出來？”。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章第四段Fracturesandothercutmarksareanothersourceofevidence.Right-handedsoldierstendtobewoundedontheleft.Theskeletonofa40-or50-year-oldNabateanwarrior,buried2,000yearsagointheNegevDesert,Israel,hadmultiplehealedfracturestotheskull,theleftarm,andtheribs.（斷裂痕與割傷痕也是論據(jù)的另一來源。右撇子勇士一般都是左側(cè)容易受傷。在以色列的內(nèi)蓋夫的戈壁中被埋了2000多年的一個(gè)40-50歲之間的Nabatean勇士的骨架，在他的頭部、左臂和肋骨上有多處已愈合的傷痕。），從中可知，習(xí)慣使用右撇子的人左側(cè)受傷會(huì)更多，可以推斷這是由于右撇子的人的右側(cè)被占主導(dǎo)地位的右手保護(hù)，所以左側(cè)受傷更多，A項(xiàng)“右撇子士兵造成的骨折和割傷往往發(fā)生在受傷方身體的右側(cè)”和B項(xiàng)“右臂受傷更多，因?yàn)橛冶圩鳛橹饕氖直?，使用更積極”錯(cuò)誤；C項(xiàng)“對于大多數(shù)人來說，身體的左半邊更容易受傷，因?yàn)樗鼪]有被占主導(dǎo)地位的手臂有效地保護(hù)”符合題意。D項(xiàng)“人類化石上的骨折和割傷很可能是死后造成的”沒有提到。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

57.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“為什么作者提到在法國Lascaux洞穴中發(fā)現(xiàn)的冰河時(shí)期的繩子？”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第五段Toolsthemselvescanberevealing…ThelateIceAgeropefoundintheFrenchcaveofLascauxconsistsoffibersspiralingtotheright,andwasthereforetressedbyaright-hander.（工具本身也會(huì)反映這一現(xiàn)象……在法國的Lascaux巖洞藝術(shù)找到的冰川時(shí)代末期的繩子是由向右旋轉(zhuǎn)的纖維捆成的，當(dāng)然也就證實(shí)了出自右撇子之手。），由此可以推斷，作者提到法國Lascaux洞穴中發(fā)現(xiàn)的冰河時(shí)期的繩子是為了對第五段第一句提供關(guān)于通過物品判斷右撇子的例證，D項(xiàng)“作為一件由右撇子制造的物品的例子”符合。A項(xiàng)“作為一件物品的例子，它的磨損痕跡表明它是由右撇子使用的”中的“磨損”并不屬于繩子上的。B項(xiàng)“因?yàn)榇┮路τ移沧觼碚f比左撇子更容易”在該段落并未提及。C項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樵贚ascaux洞穴，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些為右撇子的人制作的史前工具”并不符合題干。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Theparentsfeltverydelightedwhentheirdaughterdecidedto（）themoviesanddoherlessons.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.forgive

B.forbid

C.forgo

D.foresee

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)forgive“原諒”；B選項(xiàng)forbid“禁止”；C選項(xiàng)forgo“放棄，停止”；D選項(xiàng)foresee“預(yù)見”。句意：當(dāng)他們的女兒決定_____看電影而去做功課時(shí)，父母感到非常高興。本句表達(dá)的意思是，女兒放棄去看電影而做功課，讓父母很開心。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.翻譯題

Noyoungmanbelievesheshalleverdie.ThereisafeelingofEternityinyouth,whichmakesusamendsforeverything.TobeyoungistobeoneoftheImmortalGods.Onehalfoftimeindeedisflown-theotherhalfremainsinstoreforuswithallitscountlesstreasures;forthereisonlinedrawn,andweseenolimittoourhopesandwishes.Wemakethecomingageourown.“Thevast,theunboundedprospectliesbeforeus.”Welookroundinanewworld,fulloflife,andmotion,andceaselessprogress;andfeelinourselvesallthevigorandspirittokeeppacewithit,anddonotforeseefromanypresentsymptomshowweshallbeleftbehindinthenaturalcourseofthings,declineintooldage,anddropintothegrave.

【答案】沒有年輕人相信自己會(huì)死去。青春有一種永恒的感覺，能彌補(bǔ)所有的一切。年輕就像不朽之神。誠然，生命的一半已經(jīng)消逝，但蘊(yùn)藏著不盡財(cái)富的另一半還有所保留，因?yàn)槲覀兪冀K抱著無限的希望和愿望。未來的時(shí)代完全屬于我們?！盁o限遼闊的遠(yuǎn)景在我們面前展現(xiàn)?！蔽覀兛吹剿闹芤慌尚绿斓亍鷻C(jī)盎然，無限變換，日新月異；我們覺得自己充滿活力，精神飽滿，與夢想并駕齊驅(qū)。而且，眼前也無任何跡象可以證明，在大自然的發(fā)展過程中，我們自己也會(huì)落后，變得變老，進(jìn)入墳?zāi)埂?/p>

6.單選題

Idon’tthinkthatthisquestionissubordinate（）themainaimofourcompany.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.with

B.to

C.for

D.on

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：我認(rèn)為這個(gè)問題不屬于我們公司的主要目標(biāo)。besubordinateto意為“從屬于……，次于……”，選項(xiàng)B正確。

7.單選題

Theintegrationofstafffortraininghasledtoagoodexchangeofideas,greaterenthusiasm,andhigherstaff（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.moral

B.mortal

C.morale

D.mores

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)moral“道德；寓意”；B選項(xiàng)mortal“人類，凡人”；C選項(xiàng)morale“士氣，斗志”；D選項(xiàng)mores“習(xí)慣；風(fēng)俗；道德觀念”。句意：員工集中培訓(xùn)已帶來了更好的思想交流、更大的熱情和更高的員工士氣。由題干中的“staff員工”、“agoodexchangeofideas更好的思想交流”和“greaterenthusiasm更大的熱情”可知“士氣”符合語境，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Headdeda（）tohisletterbysayingthathewouldarrivebefore8pm.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.presidency

B.prestige

C.postscript

D.preliminary

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)presidency“總統(tǒng)（或董事長、會(huì)長、大學(xué)校長等）的職位（任期）”；B選項(xiàng)prestige“威望，聲望”；C選項(xiàng)postscript“附言；又及”；D選項(xiàng)preliminary“初步的，開始的，預(yù)備的”。句意：他在信上加了（），說他將在晚上8點(diǎn)前到達(dá)。這里表達(dá)的意思是“他在附言里說……”，因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.單選題

He（

）outragebycallingtheTVprogrammes“talkingwallpaper”.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.provoked

B.evoked

C.revoked

D.invoked

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。provoke“激起，挑釁”；evoke“引起，喚起，博得”；revoke“撤回，取消，廢除”；invoke“調(diào)用，換氣”。句意：他稱那個(gè)電視節(jié)目為“會(huì)說話的壁紙”激起了憤怒。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

10.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingtextintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

當(dāng)科學(xué)家希望用一種聲音說話時(shí)，他們往往會(huì)采用一種非常不科學(xué)的方式：共識報(bào)告。其理念是：將多個(gè)專家的知識濃縮為一種能夠解決爭議、幫助制定政策的單一看法，但是達(dá)成這種共識往往違背這些目標(biāo)，并且會(huì)削弱其本欲凸顯的權(quán)威。專家小組開始會(huì)提出許多有價(jià)值的原理和建議。然而，形成專家共識的討論確實(shí)在“政治”上的共通性大于其在“科學(xué)”上的相同之處。

【答案】Whenscientistswanttospeakwithonevoice,theytendtodosoinaveryunscientificway:consensusreport.Theideaistocondensetheknowledgeofmultipleexpertsintoasingleviewthatcanresolvedisputesandhelppolicymaking.Butreachingsuchaconsensusoftendefeatsthosegoalsandunderminestheauthority.Thepanelwillbeginwithmanyvaluableprinciplesandsuggestions.However,thediscussionsthatformexpertconsensusdohavemoreintercommunitywith“politics”thanwith“science”.

11.單選題

MaryandJohnarebusylookingforahotelfortheirwedding（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.meal

B.banquet

C.refreshment

D.snack

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)meal“一頓飯”；B選項(xiàng)banquet“宴會(huì)，盛宴”；C選項(xiàng)refreshment“飲料，小食”；D選項(xiàng)snack“點(diǎn)心，小吃”。句意：瑪麗和約翰正忙著為他們的婚宴找一家酒店。根據(jù)“wedding”可知這里應(yīng)該選用一個(gè)比較正式的詞，故選B項(xiàng)，表示“婚宴”。

12.單選題

ThepanelofdistinguishedscientistsgatheredinCambridgetodiscusstheevidencesinsupportofDr.Thistlethwaite’srevolutionaryhypothesis.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thepanelofdistinguishedscientists

B.inCambridge

C.discusstheevidencesin

D.supportof

E.沒有問題

【答案】C

【解析】語法題。名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。evidences改為evidence。evidence:表示證據(jù)，只能用單數(shù)。

13.單選題

Competitorsfrommorethanahundredcountrieshave（）inLosAngelesfortheOlympicGames.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.denounced

B.converged

C.detached

D.sprawled

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。denounced譴責(zé)，揭發(fā)，聲明...無效；converged聚集，齊聚；detached分離的；sprawled平躺的。句意：來自100多個(gè)國家的運(yùn)動(dòng)員齊聚洛杉磯參加奧運(yùn)會(huì)。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

14.單選題

Doctorsusuallytrytothegravityofillnessifapatientisfoundtohavecancer.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.specialize

B.illuminate

C.elevate

D.minimize

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)specializev.專門從事，詳細(xì)說明；B選項(xiàng)illuminatev.闡明，說明；C選項(xiàng)elevatev.提升，舉起，振奮；D選項(xiàng)minimizev.最小化，使減到最小。根據(jù)句意可知，如果病人查出得了癌癥，醫(yī)生總是盡量把病情說得輕一些。因此，正確答案為D項(xiàng)。

15.單選題

Tom（

）betterthantoaskDickforhelp.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.shallknow

B.hasknown

C.shouldn’tknow

D.shouldhaveknown

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)。shouldhavedone表示“本該做某事而實(shí)際未做”，knowbetterthantodosth.表示“明白事理而不至于……”。句意：Tom本應(yīng)知道不該請Dick幫忙。

16.單選題

ThecorporationIheadtookadeepbreathofcleanairlastweekandwentcoldturkey.Smokingonthejobinthehomeofficewasabsolutelyforbidden.Nowweprovideasmokefreeworkingenvironment.Why?

Anythingthatkills350,000Americanseachyeardeservesdecisiveaction,andallthebrawnycowpokesandtawny-hairedsirenscannotblowenoughadvertisingsmoketoobscurethefactthatoneoutofeverysevendeathsinthiscountryislinkedtosmoking.Thecostsrelatedtoitarealsosappingoureconomy.Onerecentreportestimatesthatsmokersutilizethehealth-caresystematleast50percentmorethannonsmokers;theywaste30minuteseachworkdayfumblingwithmatchesandlighters,suckingseductivepoisons.

Still,abancancreateseriouspersonnelproblems.Since25percentofouremployeessmoke,weareofferingthemon-the-jobsmoking-cessationclassesandcounseling.OurmedicalofficeprovidesNicorettes,asugarlesschewinggumformulatedtoeasethephysicalwithdrawalfromnicotine.Mostofour3,000home-office,employeessupportournewpolicy,smokersandnonsmokersalike,butthereisaquerulousminoritythataskswhyweare“discriminatingagainstsmokers.”Wearenot.Ourpolicyaffectsallemployees.Smokersarenotaprotectedclass.Nomatterwhattheirrace,color,religion,sexornationalorigin,theycannotsmokeatwork.

Wearenottryingtodictatepersonallifestyles.Weencourageouremployeestoquitsmokingaltogether,buttheycannotsmokeonthejob.Wesimplycannotaffordtheirhabit.Accordingtoacongressionalstudy,thecosttotheeconomyaverages$65billionannuallyinincreasedmedicalbills,prematuredeathandtimelostfromwork.Andasamajorparticipantinthefieldofhealth-carefinancing,wehaveanobligationtoprovethat,ifproperlyconceived,asmoke-freeworkingenvironmentisattainable.Thisisn’tacrusade.Thisisabusinessdecision.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?

2.Whichofthefollowingcouldbeinferredfromthepassage?

3.Thepurposeofthisarticleis______.

4.Whichofthefollowingisnotusedbytheauthorasjustificationforregulatingtobaccosmokingonthejob?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thesmokingemployees,onthewhole,feltuncomfortableaboutthecorporation’srulesthatpermittednosmokingintheworkplace.

B.Thebanoncigarettesmokingwasintroducedatthecompanygraduallyandconditionally.

C.Smokerswereconsideredaquerulousminorityatthemainofficeofthefirm.

D.Smokingwasbannedatthefirm’sheadquartersabruptlyandcompletely.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Cigaretteadvertisinggenerallymakesuseoftheappealofseductiveimages.

B.Cigaretteadvertisingtendstoremindpeopleoftherelationshipbetweensmokingandagoodlife.

C.Cigaretteadvertising,asarule,isdesignedtomisleadnonsmokers.

D.Mostcigaretteadvertisingistargetedatstrongandattractivemenandwomen.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.tocriticizethehabitofcigarettesmokingasahealthhazard

B.toemphasizetheattainabilityofasmokefreeworkingenvironment

C.todefendthepracticeofcontrollingsmokingintheworkplace

D.topresentanargumentformakingsmokingasolelyjob-relatedissue

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theassumptionthatsmokers,duetotheirtime-consuminghabit,arenotasefficientatworkasnonsmokers.

B.Thenotionthattobaccosmokingseriouslycontaminatestheworkingenvironment.

C.Smoking-relatedhealthproblemsthatcauseprematuredeaths.

D.Thefactthatthenationaleconomyisweakenedbysmoking-relatedcosts.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“根據(jù)文章，下列哪一項(xiàng)是正確的？”。文章第一段指出ThecorporationIheadtookadeepbreathofcleanairlastweekandwentcoldturkey.Smokingonthejobinthehomeofficewasabsolutelyforbidden.（我負(fù)責(zé)的公司在上周深吸了一口新鮮空氣，然后就徹底戒掉了吸煙壞習(xí)慣。在家庭辦公室里工作，吸煙是完全禁止的。），根據(jù)wentcoldturkey（快速戒掉壞習(xí)慣）這個(gè)詞語，可以推斷出公司是突然禁止吸煙，故D項(xiàng)“公司總部突然全面禁止吸煙”正確，由此也可知B項(xiàng)“該公司逐步、有條件地實(shí)行了禁煙令”錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第三段中的Mostofour3,000home-office,employeessupportournewpolicy,smokersandnonsmokersalike,butthereisaquerulousminoritythataskswhyweare“discriminatingagainstsmokers.”（在我們的3000名家庭辦公室員工中，大多數(shù)人支持我們的新政策，吸煙者和不吸煙者都是一樣的，但有少數(shù)人抱怨說，我們?yōu)槭裁匆捌缫曃鼰熣摺?。）可知，關(guān)于公司的禁煙令，包括吸煙者和不吸煙者在內(nèi)，大部分的員工是支持的，只有少數(shù)人有抱怨，這其中可能有吸煙者可能也有不吸煙者，因此A項(xiàng)“總的來說，吸煙的員工對公司規(guī)定不允許在工作場所吸煙感到不舒服”和C項(xiàng)“在公司的主要辦公室里，吸煙者被認(rèn)為是少數(shù)愛發(fā)牢騷的人”錯(cuò)誤。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“下列哪一項(xiàng)可以從文章中推斷出來？”。根據(jù)第二段中的Anythingthatkills350,000Americanseachyeardeservesdecisiveaction,andallthebrawnycowpokesandtawny-hairedsirenscannotblowenoughadvertisingsmoketoobscurethefactthatoneoutofeverysevendeathsinthiscountryislinkedtosmoking.（任何每年殺死35萬美國人的事情都應(yīng)該采取果斷的行動(dòng)，所有強(qiáng)壯的牛仔和黃褐色頭發(fā)的迷人的女人都不能充分地鼓吹香煙廣告，來掩蓋這個(gè)國家七分之一的死亡與吸煙有關(guān)的事實(shí)。）可以推斷，香煙廣告通常都是以誘人的形象來展示，故A項(xiàng)“香煙廣告通常利用誘人形象的吸引力”正確；B項(xiàng)“香煙廣告傾向于提醒人們吸煙和美好生活之間的關(guān)系”從文中推斷不出來；C項(xiàng)“一般來說，香煙廣告是為了誤導(dǎo)不吸煙的人”也不正確，香煙廣告既可能誘導(dǎo)不吸煙者也可能誤導(dǎo)吸煙者；D項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)香煙廣告的目標(biāo)是強(qiáng)壯和有吸引力的男人和女人”顛倒了文章意思。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章的目的是什么？”。通讀全文可知，文章第一段通過公司突然禁煙的做法引出了無煙工作環(huán)境的觀點(diǎn)，第二段闡述了提供無煙工作環(huán)境的原因，即吸煙的一系列危害，接著第三段講到了公司為了實(shí)行禁令為員工做的一些努力和大多數(shù)員工對禁令的支持，然后最后一段總結(jié)，吸煙導(dǎo)致的增加的醫(yī)療費(fèi)用、死亡和工作時(shí)間損失都會(huì)給經(jīng)濟(jì)造成一定的損失，所以提供無煙工作環(huán)境是一個(gè)商業(yè)的決策；綜合全文我們可以推斷出，這篇文章的目的是給“提供無煙工作環(huán)境”這一策略做辯護(hù)，C項(xiàng)“為在工作場所控制吸煙的做法辯護(hù)”符合題意；A項(xiàng)“批判吸煙的習(xí)慣對健康有害”和B項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)調(diào)無煙工作環(huán)境的可獲得性”都是文章的部分內(nèi)容，不足以概括全文；D項(xiàng)“提出一個(gè)關(guān)于讓吸煙成為僅僅是與工作相關(guān)的問題的論點(diǎn)”不符合文意。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“下列哪項(xiàng)不是作者用以作為管制工作期間吸煙的理由？”。由第二段最后兩句Thecostsrelatedtoitarealsosappingoureconomy.Onerecentreportestimatesthatsmokersutilizethehealth-caresystematleast50percentmorethannonsmokers;theywaste30minuteseachworkdayfumblingwithmatchesandlighters,suckingseductivepoisons.（與此相關(guān)的成本也在侵蝕我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)。最近的一份報(bào)告估計(jì)，吸煙者使用醫(yī)療保健系統(tǒng)的人數(shù)至少比不吸煙者多50%；他們每天要浪費(fèi)30分鐘的時(shí)間摸索火柴和打火機(jī)，吸食誘人的毒藥。）以及最后一段中的倒數(shù)第二句Accordingtoacongressionalstudy,thecosttotheeconomyaverages$65billionannuallyinincreasedmedicalbills,prematuredeathandtimelostfromwork.（根據(jù)一項(xiàng)國會(huì)研究，每年因吸煙而增加的醫(yī)療費(fèi)用、過早死亡和工作時(shí)間損失給經(jīng)濟(jì)造成的損失平均為650億美元）可知，A項(xiàng)“由于吸煙者耗時(shí)的習(xí)慣，所以在工作效率不如不吸煙者的假設(shè)”、C項(xiàng)“與吸煙有關(guān)的導(dǎo)致過早死亡的健康問題”和D項(xiàng)“與吸煙有關(guān)的成本削弱了國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的事實(shí)”都是禁止工作期間吸煙的理由；只有B項(xiàng)“吸煙嚴(yán)重污染工作環(huán)境的觀點(diǎn)”沒有提到。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Icouldn’theartheprogrambecausetherewastoomuch（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.grasp

B.globe

C.superior

D.interference

【答案】D

【解析】句意:我聽不清節(jié)目，因?yàn)楦蓴_太大。

考查名詞辨析。Grasp緊抓,緊握,控制,理解(力);globe地球,世界(尤用以強(qiáng)調(diào)其大);superior級別(或地位、職位)更高的人,上級,上司;interference干涉,干預(yù),介入,(無線電信號的)干擾。故D符合句意。

18.單選題

Johnwill（）ifthefirmneedsanITengineerbecausehecanencodeprogramsforthefirm.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.comeintohisown

B.comeintobeing

C.keeptohimself

D.holdthestage

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)comeintoone’sown“得到重視；得到自己該得的東西；受到尊敬；被承認(rèn)”；B選項(xiàng)comeintobeing“形成；產(chǎn)生”；C選項(xiàng)keeptooneself“保守秘密；不交際”；D選項(xiàng)holdthestage“繼續(xù)上演，引人注目；沒完沒了地講話；賣座不衰”。根據(jù)句意可推測，約翰會(huì)編程，因此當(dāng)公司需要信息技術(shù)工程師的時(shí)候，他就會(huì)被公司賞識，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。句意：如果公司需要一名信息技術(shù)工程師，約翰會(huì)得到重視，因?yàn)樗梢詾楣揪帉懗绦颉?/p>

19.單選題

Hopingthathemightbeableto（

）theproblem,IaskedManiotolookattheengine.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.shedlighton

B.makelightof

C.bringlightto

D.setlightto

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。shedlighton“解釋；闡明”；makelightof“輕視；對……不在乎”；bringlightto“為……帶來光明”；setlightto“點(diǎn)火；引火燒”。句意：我請馬里奧看看這個(gè)引擎，希望他可以解決這個(gè)問題。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

20.單選題

PerhapsthebestWashingtoncandoistoremindtheKremlinofthelikelygeopoliticalrepercussionsofanaggressive,nucleararmedIran.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.insatiabation

B.replication

C.ionization

D.reverberation

【答案】D

【解析】考查近義名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)insatiabation不存在；B選項(xiàng)replication“復(fù)制；回答”；C選項(xiàng)ionization“電離；游離；離子化；電離作用”；D選項(xiàng)reverberation“混響；反射；反響；回響”。句意：或許華盛頓能做的最好的事情就是提醒克里姆林宮，一個(gè)咄咄逼人、擁有核武器的伊朗可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生地緣政治影響。repercussions“反響，影響”，D選項(xiàng)與該詞詞意最相近，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

21.單選題

Nowpowerproperlyunderstoodis（

）theabilitytoachievepurpose.Itisthestrengthrequiredtobringaboutsocial,political,andeconomicchange.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.nothingbut

B.anythingbut

C.allbut

D.all

【答案】A

【解析】考查不定代詞。第二句說到“它是改變社會(huì)、政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)所需要的一種力量”，這是對第一句的解釋，可知第一句中說的“權(quán)力”無非是達(dá)到目的的一種能力。因此A選項(xiàng)nothingbut“只不過，無非”符合題意。

22.單選題

PresidentBushtakestothebullypulpittodeliverasternlecturetoAmerica’sbusinesselite.TheJusticeDept.stunstheaccountingprofessionbyfilingacriminalindictmentofArthurAndersenLLPfordestroyingdocumentsrelatedtoitsauditsofEnronCorp.OnCapitolHill,somecongressionalpanelspushonwithbiasedhearingsonEnron’scollapseand,now,anotherbustedNewEconomystar,telecom’sGlobalCrossing.Lawmakerssignontonewbillsaimedattighteningoversightofeverythingfrompensionsandaccountingtoexecutivepay.

Toanyspectators,itwouldbeeasytoconcludethatthewindsofchangearesweepingCorporateAmerica,ledbyGeorgeW.Bush,whoranas“areformerwithresult”.Butfarfromdeconstructingthecorporateworldbrickbybrickintosomethingcleaner,sparer,andstronger,Bushaidesandmanylegislatorsarepreparingmodestlegislativeandadministrativereforms.Insteadofanoverhaul,Bush’steamiscountingonitsenforcers,JusticeandanewlyempoweredSecurities&ExchangeCommission,tomakeexamplesofthemostegregiousoffenders.Theideaisthatbusinesswillquicklygetthemessageandcleanupitsownact.

Whywon’ttheoutragedrhetoricresultinmorechanges?Forstarters,theBushAdministrationwarnsthatanyrushtolegislatecorporatebehaviorcouldproducearaftofflawedhillsthatraisecostswithouthaltingabuses.Businesshasstriventodrivethepointhomewithanintenselobbyingblitzthathasconvincedmanylawmakersthatover-regulationcouldstartlethestockmarketandperhapsendangerthenascenteconomicrecovery.

AllthissetsthestageforWashingtontogetbusywithpredictablymodestresults.AsurgeofcautionissweepingwouldbereformersontheHill.“Theyknowtheydon’twanttomakeabigmistake,”saysJerryJ.Jasinowski,presidentoftheNationalAssociationofManufacturers.Thatgo-slowapproachsuitstheWhiteHouse.AidessaythePresident,whilepersonallydisgustedbyEnron’sselloutofitspensioners,isreluctanttoembracenewsanctionsthatfrustrateevenlaw-abidingcorporationsandcreatealitigationbonanzafortriallawyers.Instead,theWhiteHousewillpushfornarrowlytargetedaction,mostofitcarriedoutbytheSEC,theTreasuryDept,andtheLaborDept.Therightoutcome,TreasurySecretaryPaulH.O’NeillsaidonMar.15,“dependsontheCongressnotlegislatingthingsthatareoverthetop.”

ToO’NeillandBush,thatmeansenforcingcurrentlawsbeforepassingtoomanynewones.NowhereisthatstanceclearerthanintheAndersenindictment.SotheBushAdministrationleftthedecisiontoJusticeDsecutorsratherthanWhiteHousepoliticaloperativesortheirreformistfellowsattheSEC.

1.Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat____.

2.By“outragedrhetoric”(Paragraph3),theauthoristalkingabout____.

3.ItseemsthatthePresident,infaceofthepresentsituation,____.

4.TheconclusioncanbedrawnfromthetextthatinthewakeofAndersen’sscandal,thegovernment____.

5.Whattheauthorwantstosuggestmaybebestinterpretedas____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theJusticeDepartmentseizedontheplightofEnron’sworkers

B.theWhiteHouserecognizedthatstrictercontrolisapoliticalmust

C.thePresidentwasdeterminedtoturnareformedAndersenintoamodel

D.theWhiteHouserespondedstronglytotheAndersen’sscandal

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.anintenselobbyblitzshownincorporatebehavior

B.theindignationdisplayedbysomecongressmen

C.adecisionleftuptoJusticeDsecutors

D.themessageembodiedinthePresident’sactions

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.mustembracenewsanctions

B.shouldavoidlawenforcement

C.maybecaughtinadilemma

D.canstopdeliveringlectures

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.maymakeonlymodestchange

B.willtakedrasticcountermeasures

C.willadoptcorporaterestructuring

D.willinvestigateEnron’scollapse

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.“Crimedoesn’tpay.”

B.“Hastemakeswaste.”

C.“Lookbeforeyouleap.”

D.“Likefather,likeson.”

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat____.我們可以從第一段得知____。

A.theJusticeDepartmentseizedontheplightofEnron’sworkersA.司法部抓住了安然員工的困境

B.theWhiteHouserecognizedthatstrictercontrolisapoliticalmustB.白宮認(rèn)識到，更嚴(yán)格的控制是一項(xiàng)政治必須

C.thePresidentwasdeterminedtoturnareformedAndersenintoamodelC.總統(tǒng)決心將重組后的安達(dá)信轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榈浞?/p>

D.theWhiteHouserespondedstronglytotheAndersen’sscandalD.白宮對安達(dá)信丑聞作出了強(qiáng)烈反應(yīng)

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)出處提示詞Paragraph1與題干信息可定位到第一段“