考研考博-英語-天津渤海職業(yè)技術學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-天津渤海職業(yè)技術學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Youhavetothawthemeatbeforeitcanbecooked.

問題1選項

A.tenderize

B.defrost

C.season

D.braise

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。thaw意為“(結冰后)解凍，融化，融解”；tenderize意為“使嫩，使軟化”；defrost意為“（給……）化霜，（使）解凍”；season意為“加調料調味，加作料”；braise意為“燉，燜”。

句意：烹飪肉之前，你得先解凍它。

2.單選題

Hismemoryseemsto（

）withage.Therearealotofthingshecouldn'trememberclearly.

問題1選項

A.lessen

B.diminish

C.decrease

D.reduce

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。四個選項都可以表示“減少”。lessen指數目、程度、價值、實力等的減少；diminish指某事物對照原本基礎上數量或質量少了很多；decrease指各種事物逐漸減少、逐漸衰弱的過程；reduce指縮小事物的范圍、強度、數量等，也可指級別、地位或經濟條件的降低。此處表示他的記憶力隨著年齡的增長而減弱，記憶力變得比原來差，因此選B。

句意：他的記憶力似乎隨著年齡的增長而減弱，有很多事情他記不清了。

3.單選題

Thereare,asyet,novegetationtypesorecosystemswhosestudyhasbeen（

）totheextentthattheynolonger（

）ecologists.

問題1選項

A.perfected...hinder

B.erest

C.prolonged...necessitate

D.vetoed...challenge

【答案】A

【解析】動詞辨析。A選項perfect“使完美”；hinder“隱藏，藏起來”；B選項exhaust“排出，耗盡”；interest“引起的興趣”；C選項prolong“延長，拖延”；necessitate“使成為必需”；D選項vote“投票”；challenge“挑戰(zhàn)”。根據句意‘然而由于一些植被類型或者生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的研究已經很完善了，它們不再需要專家?！疉選項正確。

4.單選題

YourParadiseusedtobeafinemagazine,butnowthatitthetasteofacompletelydifferentreadingpublicit（

）hasgonedowninquality.

問題1選項

A.deflectsfrom

B.flirtswith

C.catersto

D.hingeson

【答案】C

【解析】動詞短語詞義辨析題。A選項deflectfrom“從……偏斜”；B選項flirtwith“同…調情；不認真考慮”；C選項caterto“迎合…口味；為…服務”；D選項hingeon“取決于……；以……為轉移”。根據句意‘你們的《天堂》雜志本應該是一本優(yōu)秀的期刊，但是現(xiàn)在卻來滿足完全不同的公眾閱讀口味，從而導致明顯下降的質量?！芍@里表示迎合公眾閱讀的口味，C選項正確。

5.單選題

Fordecades,armscontroltalkscenteredonnuclearweapons.Thisishardlysurprising,sinceasinglenuclearbombcandestroyanentire,city.Yet,unlikesmallerarms,theseimmenselypowerfulweaponshavenotbeenusedinwarinover50years.

RespectedmilitaryhistorianJohnKeeganwrites:“Nuclearweaponshave,sinceAugust9,1945,killednoone.The50,000,000whohavediedinwarsincethatdatehaveforthemostpart,beenkilledbycheap,mass-producedweaponsandsmallammunition,costinglittlemorethanthetransistorradiosanddry-cellbatterieswhichhavefloodedtheworldinthesameperiod.Becausesmallweaponshavedisruptedlifeverylittleintheadvancedworld,outsidetherestrictedlocalitieswheredrug-dealingandpoliticalterrorismflourish,thepopulationsoftherichstateshavebeenslowtorecognizethehorrorthatthispollutionhasbroughtinitstrain.”

Nooneknowspreciselyhowmanysmallarmsandlightweaponsareincirculation,butexpertsestimatethatmilitary-stylefirearmsmaynumberabout500million.Inaddition,tensofmillionsofcivilian-typeriflesandpistolsareownedbyprivatecitizens.Whatismore,newweaponsareproducedandfedintothemarketeachyear:

Whyhavesmallarmsbecometheweaponsofchoiceinrecentwars?Partofthereasonliesintherelationshipbetweenconflictandpoverty.Mostofthewarsfoughtduringthe1990’stookplaceincountriesthatarepoor—toopoortobuysophisticatedweaponsystems.Smallarmsandlightweaponsareabargain.Forexample,50milliondollars,whichisapproximatelythecostofasinglemodernjetfighter,canequipanarmywith200,000assaultrifles.

Anotherreasonwhysmallweaponsaresopopularisthattheyarelethal.Asinglerapid-fireassaultriflecanfirehundredsofroundsaminute.Theyarealsoeasytouseandmaintain.Achildoftencanbetaughttostripandreassembleatypicalassaultrifle.Achildcanalsoquicklylearntoaimandfirethatrifleintoacrowdofpeople.

Theglobaltrafficingunsiscomplex.Hugesuppliesofgunspasslegallyfromnationtonation.AftertheColdWar,armiesinboththeEastandtheWestwerereduced,andgovernmentsgaveorsoldexcessequipmenttofriendsandallies.Accordingtoanestimatesince1995theUnitedStatesalonehasgivenawaymorethan800,000rifles,pistols,machineguns,andgrenadelaunchers.Itisreasonedthatgivingweaponsawayischeaperthandismantlingorstoringandguardingthem.

Theillegaltrade,however,maybemuchlarger.Black-marketweaponsusuallyhavetobepurchased.InsomeAfricanwars,paramilitarygroupshaveboughthundredsofmillionsofdollars’worthofsmallarmsandlightweapons,notwithmoney,butwithdiamondsseizedfromdiamond-miningareas.

Weaponsarealsolinkedtotheillegaltradeindrugs.Itisnotunusualforcriminalorganizationstousethesameroutestosmuggledrugsinonedirectionastheyuseexchangetosmugglegunsintheother.

1.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat____________.

2.Allofthefollowingarethereasonswhysmallarmshavebecomethechoiceinrecentwarsexcept____________.

3.WhydidUSgovernmentgiveawayalargenumberofsmallarms?

4.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat____________.

5.Thebesttitleforthispassageisprobably____________.

問題1選項

A.smallarmscontrolisevenmoreimportantthannucleararms-control

B.itishardlysurprisingthatthenucleararms-controltalkshavenotreachedanagreement

C.nuclearweapons’powertokillpeoplehasbeenexaggerated

D.nuclearweaponsarenotaspowerfulassmallweapons

問題2選項

A.smallarmsarecheap

B.Smallarmsarepowerfulantipersonnelweapons

C.smallarmsareeasiertouse

D.smallarmsareeasiertoget

問題3選項

A.Becauseitwantstoarmtheirfriendsandallies.

B.Becauseitislessexpensivethankeepingthem.

C.Becauseitwantstosavetheresources.

D.Becauseitisbettertostoreandguardtheminothercountries.

問題4選項

A.smallarmsarenotexpensiveintheblack-market

B.itisunfairtoexchangesmallarmsfordiamond

C.criminalsusethesamepassagetosmuggledrugsandsmallarms

D.wheretherearedrugs,therearesmallarms

問題5選項

A.SmallArmsTalks,NotNuclearArmsTalks

B.NeglectofSmallArmsControl

C.GlobalTrafficinSmallArms

D.SmallArms,BigProblems

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。文章第一段對人們對于核武器與小型武器的重視程度和各自使用頻率進行對比，第二段對比兩種武器傷害的人的數量，可知這篇文章想要人們更重視小型武器，所以A選項“小型軍備控制甚至比核軍備控制更重要”正確，C選項“核武器殺傷力被夸大”和D選項“核武器不如小型武器強大”不是表達的重點，故錯誤。B選項“核軍備控制談判沒有達成協(xié)議不足為奇”：文章沒有涉及，故錯誤。因此A選項正確。

2.事實細節(jié)題。A選項“小型武器很便宜”：根據第四段第四句Smallarmsandlightweaponsareabargain（小武器和輕武器很便宜。），所以便宜是小型武器運用在近年戰(zhàn)爭的原因，故A選項錯誤。B選項“小型武器殺傷性強”：根據第五段第一句Anotherreasonwhysmallweaponsaresopopularisthattheyarelethal.（小型武器如此流行的另一個原因是它們的是致命性。），故B選項錯誤。所以C選項“小型武器使用更容易”：Theyarealsoeasytouseandmaintain.（它們也易于使用和維護。），故C選項錯誤。D選項“小型武器更容易買到”：根據第六段第一句Theglobaltrafficingunsiscomplex.（全球槍支販運很復雜。），可知小型武器不容易買，故正確。因此D選項正確。

3.語義推測題。根據第六段最后一句Itisreasonedthatgivingweaponsawayischeaperthandismantlingorstoringandguardingthem.（有理由認為，交出武器要比拆除、儲存和看守它們便宜。），可知美國送出武器是因為經濟原因，所以B選項“因為這比保留它們更便宜”正確，C選項“因為它想節(jié)約資源”和D選項“因為放在其他國家儲存和保護更好?！辈痪唧w，故錯誤。A選項“因為它想武裝自己的朋友和盟友?！蔽恼聸]有提到，故錯誤。因此B選項正確。

4.語義推測題。A選項“黑市上的小型武器并不貴”和B選項“用小武器交換鉆石不公平”：根據第七段最后一句notwithmoney,butwithdiamondsseizedfromdiamond-miningareas（不是用錢，而是用從鉆石礦區(qū)奪得的鉆石），用鉆石交換武器來說明在黑市小型武器很貴，沒有提到公平與否，故錯誤。C選項“罪犯利用同一途徑走私毒品和小型武器”和D選項“哪里有毒品，哪里就有小型武器”：Itisnotunusualforcriminalorganizationstousethesameroutestosmuggledrugsinonedirectionastheyuseexchangetosmugglegunsintheother.（犯罪組織利用走私毒品的途徑走私槍支的現(xiàn)象并不罕見。），可知C選項正確，不代表毒品走私和小型武器走私一定連在一起，故D選項錯誤。因此C選項正確。

5.主旨大意題。文章在開頭點出人們對小型武器的忽視，再點出小型武器在殺傷力、生產、保存、販賣等各個方面帶來的問題，可知這篇文章主要講小型武器帶來的問題，要人們重視小型武器，所以D選項“小型武器，重大問題”正確，B選項“對小型武器控制的忽視”和C選項“全球小型武器販運”是其中的一方面，不能概括全文，故錯誤。A選項“小型武器談判，而非核武器談判”：文章沒有重點講談判，故錯誤。因此D選項正確。

6.單選題

Thecriminalwastoldhewouldbe（）frompunishmentifhesaidwhatheknewaboutthemurder.

問題1選項

A.immune

B.immigrant

C.imminent

D.infallible

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。immune“免疫的”；immigrant“移民的”；imminent“即將來臨的”；infallible“絕對可靠的”。句意：如果這個罪犯能說出有關謀殺犯的事，他可以免受懲罰。選項A符合題意。

7.單選題

Whenhetriedtomakea（）,hefoundthatthehotelwascompletelyfilledbecauseofaconvention.

問題1選項

A.reservation

B.claim

C.mess

D.revision

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項reservation“預約，保留”，B項claim“宣稱，要求”，C項mess“混亂”，D項revision“修正，復習”。根據關鍵詞hotel（酒店）可知，空格部分表示“預約”，makeareservation固定搭配，表示“預定，預約”；句意：當他試圖預訂房間時，他發(fā)現(xiàn)由于一個會議的舉辦旅館已經客滿了。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

8.單選題

PresidentCoolidge’sstatement,"ThebusinessofAmericaisbusiness,"stillpointstoanimportanttruthtoday——thatbusinessinstitutionshavemoreprestigeinAmericansocietythananyotherkindoforganization,includingthegovernment.Whydobusinessinstitutionspossessthisgreatprestige?

OnereasonisthatAmericansviewbusinessasbeingmorefirmlybasedontheidealofcompetitionthanotherinstitutionsinsociety.SincecompetitionisseenasthemajorsourceofprogressandprosperitybymostAmericans,competitivebusinessinstitutionsarerespected.Competitionisnotonlygoodinitself,itisalsothemeansbywhichotherbasicAmericanvaluessuchasindividualfreedom,equalityofopportunity,andhardworkareprotected.

Competitionprotectsthefreedomoftheindividualbyensuringthatthereisnomonopolyofpower.Incontrasttoone,allpowerfulgovernment,manybusinessescompeteagainsteachotherforprofits.Theoretically,ifonebusinesstriestotakeunfairadvantageofitscustomers,itwilllosetocompetingbusinesswhichtreatsitscustomersmorefairly.Wheremanybusinessescompeteforthecustomers'dollar,theycannotaffordtotreatthemlikeinferiorsorslaves.

Acontrastisoftenmadebetweenbusiness,whichiscompetitive,andgovernment,whichisamonopoly.Becausebusinessiscompetitive,manyAmericansbelievethatitismoresupportiveoffreedomthangovernment,eventhoughtgovernmentleadersareelectedbythepeopleandbusinessleadersarenot.ManyAmericanbelieve,then,thatcompetitionisasimportant,orevenmoreimportant,thandemocracyinpreservingfreedom.

Competitioninbusinessisalsobelievedtostrengthentheidealofequalityofopportunity.Competitionisseenasanopenandfairracewheresuccessgoestotheswiftestpersonregardlessofhisorhersocialclassbackground.CompetitivesuccessiscommonlyseenastheAmericanalternativetosocialrankbasedonfamilybackground.Businessisthereforeviewedasanexpressionoftheideaofequalityofopportunityratherthanthearistocraticideaofinheritedprivilege.

1.Thestatement"ThebusinessofAmericaisbusiness"probablymeans（

）.

2.Americansbelievethattheycanrealizetheirpersonalvaluesonly

（

）.

3.Whocanbenefitfrombusinesscompetition?

4.Governmentisbelievedtodifferstrikinglyfrombusinessinthatgovernmentischaracterizedby

（

）.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorbeliever（

）.

問題1選項

A.ThebusinessinstitutionsinAmericaareconcernedwithcommerce.

B.BusinessproblemsareofgreatimportancetotheAmericangovernment.

C.BusinessisofprimaryconcerntoAmericans

D.Americaisagreatpowerinworldbusiness

問題2選項

A.whengivenequalityofopportunity

B.throughdoingbusiness

C.byprotectingtheirindividualfreedom

D.bywayofcompetition

問題3選項

A.Honestbusinessmen.

B.Bothbusinessmenandtheircustomers.

C.Peoplewithidealsofequality.

D.Businessinstitutionsandgovernment.

問題4選項

A.itsabsolutecontrolofpower

B.itsfunctionpreservingpersonalfreedom

C.itsroleinprotectingbasicAmericanvalues

D.itsdemocraticwayofexercisingleader

問題5選項

A.Americansaremoreambitiousthanpeopleinothercountries

B.Inmanycountriessuccessoftendependsonone'ssocialstatus

C.Americanbusinessesaremoredemocraticthantheseinothercountries

D.BusinessesinothercountriesarenotascompetitiveasthoseinAmerica

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的thatbusinessinstitutionshavemoreprestigeinAmericansocietythananyotherkindoforganization,includingthegovernment（在美國社會中，商業(yè)機構比任何其他類型的組織都有更高的聲譽，包括政府）可知C選項“商業(yè)是美國人最關心的問題”符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第二段中的Competitionisnotonlygoodinitself,itisalsothemeansbywhichotherbasicAmericanvaluessuchasindividualfreedom,equalityofopportunity,andhardworkareprotected.（競爭本身不僅是好的，它也是美國其他基本價值觀如個人自由、機會平等和努力工作的保護手段）可知D選項“通過競爭”符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第三段中的Theoretically,ifonebusinesstriestotakeunfairadvantageofitscustomers,itwilllosetocompetingbusinesswhichtreatsitscustomersmorefairly.Wheremanybusinessescompeteforthecustomers'dollar,theycannotaffordtotreatthemlikeinferiorsorslaves.（理論上，如果一個企業(yè)試圖利用其客戶的不公平優(yōu)勢，它將輸給對其客戶更公平的競爭性企業(yè)。當許多企業(yè)為了顧客的錢而競爭時，他們不能像對待下級或奴隸那樣對待他們）可知是從從企業(yè)與客戶兩個角度說明商業(yè)競爭的，因此選B。

4.細節(jié)事實題。由文章倒數第二段中的Acontrastisoftenmadebetweenbusiness,whichiscompetitive,andgovernment,whichisamonopoly.（人們常常將商業(yè)和政府進行對比，一個具有競爭性，另一個具有壟斷性）可知A選項“其對權力的絕對控制”符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的CompetitivesuccessiscommonlyseenastheAmericanalternativetosocialrankbasedonfamilybackground.Businessisthereforeviewedasanexpressionoftheideaofequalityofopportunityratherthanthearistocraticideaofinheritedprivilege.（競爭成功通常被視為是美國人對基于家庭背景的社會等級的替代方式。因此，商業(yè)被視為是機會平等觀念的一種表達，而不是繼承特權的貴族觀念）可知B選項“在許多國家，成功往往取決于一個人的社會地位”符合題意。

9.單選題

Westernmedicine,（）scienceandpracticedbypeoplewithacademicinternationallyacceptedmedicaldegrees，isonlyoneofmanysystemsofhealing.

問題1選項

A.rootedin

B.originatedfrom

C.trappedin

D.indulgedin

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞組辨析。rootin“來源于，起因于”；originatefrom“發(fā)源于，起源于”；trapin“受困于”；indulgein“沉溺于”。句意：西藥從科學發(fā)展而來，通過人們的實踐獲得國際認定的醫(yī)學地位，它只是眾多治療系統(tǒng)中的一種。originatefrom指一般意義上的來源于某地。rootin有“扎根于，根植于”的意思。所以選項A更恰當。

10.單選題

Thetwoimportant（

）inmakingacakeareflourandsugar.

問題1選項

A.elements

B.components

C.ingredients

D.constituents

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】名詞辨析題。四個選項都有“成分，某物的組成部分”之意。A選項element“元素，要素”；B選項component“配件、要素”，機械的原件或者是組裝配件；C選項ingredient“原料、原材料”，指烹調用的事物配料；D選項constituent“成份、選民”，指的是整體中不可缺少的部分。由空格后介詞后面的關鍵詞“makingacake制作蛋糕”和“flourandsugar面粉與糖”，可知空格部分關鍵詞為“原料”，句意為：制作蛋糕的兩個重要的原料是面粉與糖。故正確答案選C。

11.翻譯題

SinceAlfredNobeldiedin1896wehaveenteredanageofstormandtragedy.Thepowerofmanhasgrownineverysphereexceptoverhimself.Neverinthefieldofactionhaveeventsseemedsoharshlytodwarfpersonalities.Rarelyinhistoryhavebrutalfactssodominatedthoughtorhassuchawidespreadindividualvirtuefoundsodimacollectivefocus.

WeinEuropeandthewesternworldwhohaveplannedforhealthandsocialsecurity,whohavemarveledatthetriumphsofmedicineandscience,andwhohaveaimedatjusticeandfreedomforall,haveneverthelessbeenwitnessesoffamine,misery,cruelty,anddestructionbeforewhichpalethedeedsofGenghisKhan.Andwewho,firstintheLeagueofNationsandnowintheUnitedNations,haveattemptedtogiveanabidingfoundationtothepeaceofwhichmenhavedreamedsolonghavelivedtoseeaworldmarredbycleavagesandthreatenedbydiscordsevergraverandmoreviolentthanthosewhichconvulsedEuropeafterthefalloftheRomanEmpire.

AlfredNobelhasleftbehindhimabrightandenduringbeamofculture,ofpurpose,andofinspirationtoagenerationwhichstandsinsoreneed.Thisworld-famousinstitutionpointsatruepathforustofollow.Letus,therefore,confronttheclatterandrigidityweseearounduswithtolerance,variety,andcalm.

【答案】自阿爾弗萊德?諾貝爾先生1896年去世后，我們就進入了一個狂暴而悲慘的時代。人類的勢力在每個領域都有所發(fā)展，只有其自身除外。在戰(zhàn)場上從未有過如此殘酷之事，人格如此卑微，歷史上思想受控于殘酷的事實也是罕有，廣為舍棄的美德也從未如此黯淡無光。

我們所在的歐洲和西方社會，曾注重醫(yī)療事業(yè)和社會安全事業(yè)，曾在醫(yī)學和科學上取得驚人成功，曾致力于全人類的正義和自由，可我們現(xiàn)在卻見證了饑荒、痛苦、殘忍和毀滅。這些足以使成吉思汗的豐功偉績黯然失色。從起初的國際聯(lián)盟到今天的聯(lián)合國，我們一直嘗試著給人們夢想已久的和平，建立一個持久的基礎。我們目睹了分崩離析、戰(zhàn)火紛飛的破損社會，其動蕩比羅馬帝國崩潰后對歐洲的震動更慘重和劇烈。

阿爾弗萊德?諾貝爾先生將輝煌而不朽的文化、意志和靈感的燈火留給了急需滋養(yǎng)的一代。這個舉世聞名的機構指出了一條真正的道路，引領我們前行。所以讓我們用忍耐、機敏與冷靜，來對抗我們身邊嘈雜與僵化的環(huán)境吧。

12.單選題

In1798thepoliticaleconomistMalthuspredictedthatintimemankindwouldfacestarvation,havingoutgrowntheavailablefoodsupplies.Today,acenturyandahalflater,therearestillexpertswhoforecastthesameglobaldisasterunlessurgentmeasuresaretakentopreventit.

Bytheendofthepresentcenturytheremaywellbeoverfivethousandmillionpeoplelivingonthisglobe,anincreaseofoverfiftypercentoftoday'sfigure.Inordertokeeppacewiththisincreaseinmankindthefarmersoftheworldwouldhavetostepuptheirproductionoffoodbyatleasttwopercenteveryyear.Sucharateofincreasehasneverbeenmaintainedinanycountrybyconventionalmethodsofagriculture,despitemodernmechanizationandthewidespreaduseoffertilizers.Therearenolargeworthwhilereservesofpotentialfarmlandremaining,andgoodfertilelandiscontinuallybeingdivertedtoindustrialuse.Moreover,erosionofthesoiltakesaconstanttoll.

Intensiveresearch,carriedoutovermanyyearsinallmannerofclimaticconditions,hasproducedarevolutionarymethodofgrowingcropswithoutusinganysoilatall.Hydroponics,asthistechniqueiscalled,maywellbetheanswertoallourfoodworries.Alreadyithasaccomplishedwondersinproducinghugecrops.Hydroponicswasonceacomplicatedandexpensivebusiness;nowitiswelloutoftheexperimentalstage.Laborcostsarefarlowerthanwhennormalmethodsofagricultureareemployed.Infact,itisacompletelyautomaticsystem.Thereisnohardmanualwork,nodiggingorplowing,andnoweedingtospeakof.Yieldscanbefarhigherthantheyareinsoil.

1.Whichofthefollowingbestsumsupthewholepassage?

2.Thephrase“havingovergrowntheavailablefoodsupplies”inthefirstparagraphimpliesthat（）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,2percentannualincreaseintheproductionoffoodcannotbeachieved.Whichofthefollowingisnottheexplanationhegavefortheproblem?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrueofhydroponics?

5.Judgingfromthepassage,themostimportantadvantageofhydroponicsshouldbe（）.

問題1選項

A.Hydroponicsisanewdevelopmentinagriculture.

B.Malthus’predictionhasbeenprovedtobecorrectbymodernexperts

C.Hydroponicsmaybetheanswertotheworldfoodshortageinthefuture.

D.Conventionalmethodsofagricultureshouldbeimprovedtostepupfoodproductionbytwopercenteveryyear.

問題2選項

A.theavailablefoodsupplieswillbeenoughtofeedworldpopulation

B.theearthistooexhaustedtosupportitsincreasingpopulation

C.worldpopulationwillgrowataratefasterthanfoodproduction

D.foodsupplieswillbetoomuchavailableforworldpopulation

問題3選項

A.Therearenotenoughpotentialfarmlandreservesleft.

B.Landisbeinglostthrougherosionandindustrialization.

C.Conventionalmethodsofagriculturearcstillprevailingallovertheworld.

D.Modernmechanizationandtheuseoffertilizersarenotwellpopularizedintheworld.

問題4選項

A.Hydroponicshascreatedwondersinagriculture.

B.Hydroponicsistoocomplicatedandexpensiveforpracticaluse.

C.Hydroponicsisconsideredarevolutionarymethodofagriculture.

D.Hydroponicshasalreadybeenemployedinfoodproduction.

問題5選項

A.higheryield

B.lowerlaborcosts

C.moreautomation

D.lesshardmanualword

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。本文第一二段講述了糧食危機，第三段提出了解決糧食危機的辦法-水培法，Hydroponics,asthistechniqueiscalled,maywellbetheanswertoallourfoodworries.水培法很可能是解決我們所有食物問題的答案。故C項“水培法可能是解決未來世界糧食短缺的方法?！闭_。

2.推理判斷題。In1798thepoliticaleconomistMalthuspredictedthatintimemankindwouldfacestarvation,havingoutgrowntheavailablefoodsupplies.1798年，政治經濟學家馬爾薩斯預言，人類遲早會面臨饑餓，因為人類的糧食供應已經遠遠超過了人類的需求。可知人類面臨糧食危機的原因在于人類的增長速度超過了糧食的供應速度，糧食供應不足才會導致糧食危機。故C項正確。

3.推理判斷題。由第二段Sucharateofincreasehasneverbeenmaintainedinanycountrybyconventionalmethodsofagriculture,despitemodernmechanizationandthewidespreaduseoffertilizers.Therearenolargeworthwhilereservesofpotentialfarmlandremaining,andgoodfertilelandiscontinuallybeingdivertedtoindustrialuse.Moreover,erosionofthesoiltakesaconstanttoll.盡管現(xiàn)代機械化和化肥的廣泛使用，但任何一個運用傳統(tǒng)農業(yè)生產方式的國家從來沒有保持過這樣的增長率。沒有大量有價值的潛在農田儲備，肥沃的土地不斷被用于工業(yè)用途。此外，土壤的侵蝕會造成持續(xù)的損失?？芍狣項“現(xiàn)代機械化和化肥的使用在世界上還沒有很好地普及?！迸c原文“despitemodernmechanizationandthewidespreaduseoffertilizers.”不符，故答案D。A項“沒有足夠的潛在耕地儲備。”；B項“土地正因侵蝕和工業(yè)化而喪失?！保籆項“傳統(tǒng)的農業(yè)方法仍然在世界各地盛行。”在該段都能找到依據。

4.推理判斷題。由最后一段Intensiveresearch,carriedoutovermanyyearsinallmannerofclimaticconditions,hasproducedarevolutionarymethodofgrowingcropswithoutusinganysoilatall.Hydroponics,asthistechniqueiscalled,maywellbetheanswertoallourfoodworries.Alreadyithasaccomplishedwondersinproducinghugecrops.Hydroponicswasonceacomplicatedandexpensivebusiness;nowitiswelloutoftheexperimentalstage.Laborcostsarefarlowerthanwhennormalmethodsofagricultureareemployed.Infact,itisacompletelyautomaticsystem.Thereisnohardmanualwork,nodiggingorplowing,andnoweedingtospeakof.Yieldscanbefarhigherthantheyareinsoil.多年來在各種氣候條件下進行的深入研究產生了一種革命性的不用任何土壤就能種植作物的方法。水培法，這種技術被稱為水培法，很可能是解決我們所有食物問題的答案。它已經創(chuàng)造了巨大作物產量的奇跡。水培曾經是一項復雜而昂貴的產業(yè);現(xiàn)在它已經遠遠超出了實驗階段。勞動力成本遠低于正常的農業(yè)生產方式。事實上，這是一個完全自動化的系統(tǒng)。沒有艱苦的體力勞動，沒有挖掘或耕作，也沒有除草，產量可以比在土壤里高得多。可知B項“水培法對于實際應用來說過于復雜和昂貴?！迸c原文“Hydroponicswasonceacomplicatedandexpensivebusiness;nowitiswelloutoftheexperimentalstage.水培曾經是一項復雜而昂貴的產業(yè);現(xiàn)在它已經遠遠超出了實驗階段”不符，水培法在過去是一種復雜而昂貴的產業(yè)，現(xiàn)在已經運用于生產。A項“水培法在農業(yè)上創(chuàng)造了奇跡?！闭_；C項“水培法被認為是一種革命性的農業(yè)方法?！闭_；D項“水培法已經在食品生產中得到應用”與原文“nowitiswelloutoftheexperimentalstage.它已經遠遠超出了實驗階段”相符。

5.推理判斷題。本位主要講述了糧食危機，并提出了解決辦法-水培法。盡管水培法有很多優(yōu)點，但最重要的優(yōu)點是產量高，這樣才能從根本上解決糧食問題。最后一句Yieldscanbefarhigherthantheyareinsoil.產量可能遠遠高于土壤中的產量。故A項正確。

13.單選題

Accordingtothe“hygienehypothesis”firstproposedin1989,exposuretoavarietyofbacteria,virusesandparasiticwormsearlyinlifehelpsprimeachild’simmunesystem,muchlikesensoryexperiencesprogramhisbrain.Withoutsuchearlyinstruction,theimmunesystemmaygoindisorderandoverreactwithallergiestofoods,pollenandpetfurorturnonthebody’sowntissue,settingoffautoimmunedisorders.

Manyofthesemicroorganismsevolvedsymbioticallywithhumansovermillionsofyears—theso-called"oldfriends’’theory.Butwheretheyhavebeeneradicated,akeypartofhumandevelopmenthasbeenthrownoff.“Thevastmajorityofmicrobesareharmless.Thereareonlyafewdozenthatcancauselethalinfections.”saysThomasMcDade,directoroftheLaboratoryforHumanBiologyResearchatNorthwesternUniversity.

In1998,aboutoneinfivechildreninindustrializedcountriessufferedfromallergicdiseasessuchasasthma,allergiesandrashes,accordingtotheInternationalStudyofAsthmaandAllergiesinChildhood,aglobalresearchinitiative.TheincidenceofpeanutallergyintheUStripledbetween1997and2008,accordingtoareportfromMountSinaiSchoolofMedicineinNewYork.ButsuchdiseasesarestillrelativelyrareinAfricaandruralAsia.“Thegeographicaldistributionofallergicandautoimmunediseasesisamirrorimageofthegeographicaldistributionofvariousinfectiousdiseases.”saysareportbyFrenchresearchersdevotedtothehygienehypothesis.

Exposuretoimmune-stimulatinggermsmayalsolowertheriskofheartdisease,accordingtoDr.McDade.Butthereareotherdangerslurkinginmuddywaterandanimalfaces.MichaelBell,aninfectiousdiseasespecialistanddeputydirectorofHealthcareQualityPromotionattheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,saysthatpeopleshouldbevigilantaboutwoundcaresincebacteriacancauseproblemsiftheygetintothebloodstream,andhestilladvocateshand-washing.“Ifyou’renotdoingittentimesaday,you'reprobablynotdoingitenough.”hesays.Butheandotherexpertssaythatregularsoapandwaterarefineinmostcases.Sterilizinghandsiscriticalmainlyforhealth-careworkersandinhospitals,wheredisease-causinggermsareprevalentandcaneasilyspread.

Manyexpertsadvisecommonsense.“Wedon’twanttosaytochildren.OK,playbythedirtyriverbankandcatchwhateveryoucan.”saysDr.Weinstocks."Butwecansaythere'snothingwrongwithkidsplayinginthedirt.Theydon'thavetoliveintotalsanitation,andtheywon’tdiefromeatingsomethingoffthefloor.It’sprobablymorehealthythannot.”

1.The“hygienehypothesis”proposedthatexposuretovariousvirusesandgermsinearlychildhood（

）.

2.Whatifwelivewithoutanymicroorganisms?

3.AccordingtoFrenchresearchers,thegeographicaldistributionofallergicandautoimmunediseases

（

）.

4.WhatdoesMichaelBellsuggestwedoindailylife?

5.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

問題1選項

A.eliminateschildhooddiseasessuchasasthmaandallergies

B.provestobeanimportantpreventionagainstcancer

C.provestobenecessaryforthedevelopmentofimmunesystem

D.increasessusceptibilitytoallergicandautoimmunediseases

問題2選項

A.Wewillneverbeinvolvedintheallergies.

B.Wewilleradicatetheoutbreaksofmanyinfectiousdiseases.

C.Wemaymissanimportantpartofhumandevelopment.

D.Wemayfindnoeffectivemedicalcuretomanydisease.

問題3選項

A.hasnothingtodowiththatofvariousinfectiousdiseases

B.isexactlythesamewiththatofvariousinfectiousdiseases

C.iscompletelyoppositetothatofvariousinfectiousdiseases

D.showsnocomparabilitywiththatofvariousinfectiousdiseases

問題4選項

A.Becarefulaboutwoundcare.

B.Washhandswithin10timesaday.

C.Consulthealth-careworkers.

D.Sterilizeyourhandseveryday.

問題5選項

A.Childrenshouldbeencouragedtoplayindirtyplaces.

B.Moreeffortsshouldbemadeinpublichealth.

C.Parentsneedn’tworryaboutchildrenplayinginthedirt.

D.Excessivecleannessisrequiredathomebutnotoutdoors.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據第一段第一句“根據1989年首次提出的“衛(wèi)生假說”，兒童在早期的生活中接觸各種細菌、病毒和寄生蟲，有助于兒童的免疫系統(tǒng)做好準備，就像感官體驗對大腦進行編程一樣?！庇纱丝赏茢?，這個“衛(wèi)生假說”證明了免疫系統(tǒng)發(fā)展的重要性，選項C符合原文。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據第二段一二句“Manyofthesemicroorganismsevolvedsymbioticallywithhumansovermillionsofyears—theso-called“oldfriends”theory.Butwheretheyhavebeeneradicated,akeypartofhumandevelopmenthasbeenthrownoff.許多微生物在數百萬年的時間里與人類共生進化，這就是所謂的“老朋友”理論。但是，在它們被根除的地方，人類發(fā)展的一個關鍵部分就被拋棄了。”選項C符合原文。

3.判斷推斷題。根據關鍵詞“Frenchresearchers”定位到第三段最后一句“‘Thegeographicaldistributionofallergicandautoimmunediseasesisamirrorimageofthegeographicaldistributionofvariousinfectiousdiseases.’saysareportbyFrenchresearchersdevotedtothehygienehypothesis.‘過敏和自身免疫性疾病的地理分布是各種傳染病地理分布的一個鏡像。’一份由法國研究人員撰寫的關于衛(wèi)生假說的報告稱。”鏡像與原像是相反的，這里是說他們的地理分布也是完全相反的，所以選項C正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據關鍵詞“MichaelBell”定位到倒數第二段第三句“MichaelBell,...,saysthatpeopleshouldbevigilantaboutwoundcaresincebacteriacancauseproblemsiftheygetintothebloodstream,andhestilladvocateshand-washing.MichaelBell表示，人們應該要注意傷口的護理，因為細菌一旦進入血液就會引發(fā)問題，他還提倡勤洗手?！边x項A符合原文；選項B和D不符合原文描述；選項D在文中沒有提及，所以本題選A。

5.判斷推理題。根據最后一段第二句“...there'snothingwrongwithkidsplayinginthedirt.Theydon'thavetoliveintotalsanitation,..