考研考博-英語-四川長江職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-四川長江職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Lymediseaseiscausedbybacteriathatare（）bydeertick.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.emitted

B.transmitted

C.communicated

D.distributed

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。B選項(xiàng)transmitted意為“傳播，傳染（疾病）”。句意：萊姆病是一種由鹿蜱傳播的細(xì)菌所（）的疾病。A選項(xiàng)emitted發(fā)出，發(fā)射；B選項(xiàng)transmitted傳播，傳染（疾?。籆選項(xiàng)communicated傳達(dá)，表達(dá)；D選項(xiàng)distributed分配，散布。B選項(xiàng)transmitted符合句意

2.單選題

The（）stuckontheenvelopesays“ByAir”.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.diagram

B.label

C.signal

D.mark

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。diagram“圖表，圖解”；label“標(biāo)簽”；signal“信號”；mark“標(biāo)志，記號”。句意：信封上貼的標(biāo)簽寫著“航空信件”。B項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.案例題

Obama'ssuccessisn'tallgoodnewsforblackAmericans

AsErinWhitewatchedtheelectionresultsheadtowardsvictoryforBarackObama,shefeltaburdenliftingfromhershoulders."Inthatonesecond,itwasavalidationformywholerace,"sherecalls.

"I'vealwaysbeenanachiever,"saysWhite,whoisstudyingforanMBAatVanderbiltUniversityinNashville,Tennessee."ButtherehadalwaysbeenthesethingsinthebackofmymindquestioningwhetherIreallycanbewhoIwant.Itwaslikeashadow,followingmearoundsayingyoucanonlygosofar.Nowit'slikeabarrierhasbeenletdown."

White'sexperienceiswhatmanypsychologistshadexpected-thatObamawouldprovetobeapowerfulrolemodelforAfricanAmericans.SomehopedhisrisetoprominencewouldhaveabigimpactonwhiteAmericans,too,challengingthosewhostillharbourracistsentiments."Thetraitsthatcharacterisehimareverycontradictorytotheracialstereotypesthatblackpeopleareaggressiveanduneducated,"saysAshbyPlantofFloridaStateUniversity."He'sveryintelligentandeloquent."

Stinginthetail

AshbyPlantisoneofanumberofpsychologistswhoseizedonObama'scandidacytotesthypothesesaboutthepowerofrolemodels.Theirworkisalreadystartingtorevealhowthe"Obamaeffect"ischangingpeople'sviewsandbehaviour.Perhapssurprisingly,itisnotallgoodnews:thereisastinginthetailoftheObamaeffect.

Butfirstthegoodnews.BarackObamareallyisapositiverolemodelforAfricanAmericans,andhewasmakinganimpactevenbeforehegottotheWhiteHouse.Indeed,theObamaeffectcanbesurprisinglyimmediateandpowerful,asRayFriedmanofVanderbiltUniversityandhiscolleaguesdiscovered.

TheytestedfourseparategroupsatfourkeystagesofObama'spresidentialcampaign.Eachgroupconsistedofaround120adultsofsimilarageandeducation,andthetestassessedtheirlanguageskills.Attwoofthesestages,whenObama'ssuccesswaslessthancertain,thetestsshowedacleardifferencebetweenthescoresofthewhiteandblackparticipants—anaverageof12.1outof20,comparedto8.8,forexample.WhentheObamafeverwasatitsheight,however,theblackparticipantsperformedmuchbetter.ThosewhohadwatchedObama'sacceptancespeechastheDemocrats'presidentialcandidateperformedjustaswell,onaverage,asthewhitesubjects.Afterhiselectionvictory,thiswastrueofalltheblackparticipants.

Dramaticshift

Whatcanexplainthisdramaticshift?Atthestartofthetest,theparticipantshadtodeclaretheirraceandweretoldtheirresultswouldbeusedtoassesstheirstrengthsandweaknesses.Thisshouldhaveprimedthesubjectswith"stereotypethreat"-ananxietythattheirresultswillconfirmnegativestereotypes,whichhasbeenshowntodamagetheperformanceofAfricanAmericans.

Obama'ssuccessesseemedtoactasashieldagainstthis."Wesuspecttheyfeltinspiredandenergisedbyhisvictory,sothestereotypethreatwouldn'tproveadistraction,"saysFriedman.

Lingeringracism

IftheObamaeffectispositiveforAfricanAmericans,howisitaffectingtheirwhitecompatriots（同胞）?Istheexperienceofhavingacharismatic（有魅力的）blackpresidentmodifyinglingeringracistattitudes?Thereisnoeasywaytomeasureracismdirectly;insteadpsychologistsassesswhatisknownas"implicitbias",usingacomputer-basedtestthatmeasureshowquicklypeopleassociatepositiveandnegativewords—suchas"love"or"evil"—withphotosofblackorwhitefaces.Asimilartestcanalsomeasurehowquicklysubjectsassociatestereotypicaltraits—suchasathleticskillsormentalability—withaparticulargroup.

InastudythatwillappearintheJournalofExperimentalSocialPsychology,Plant'steamtested229studentsduringtheheightoftheObamafever.Theyfoundthatimplicitbiashasfallenbyasmuchas90%comparedwiththelevelfoundinasimilarstudyin2006."That'sanunusuallylargedrop,"Plantsays.

Whiletheteamcan'tbesuretheirresultsareduesolelytoObama,theyalsoshowedthatthosewiththelowestbiaswerelikelytosubconsciouslyassociateblackskincolourwithpoliticalwordssuchas"government"or"president".ThissuggeststhatObamawasstronglyontheirmind,saysPlant.

Dropinbias

BrianNosekoftheUniversityofVirginiainCharlottesville,whorunsawebsitethatmeasuresimplicitbiasusingsimilartest,hasalsoobservedasmalldropinbiasinthe700,000visitorstothesitesinceJanuary2007,whichmightbeexplainedbyObama'srisetopopularity.However,hispreliminaryresultssuggestthatchangewillbemuchslowercomingthanPlant'sresultssuggest.

Talkinghonestly

"PeoplenowhavetheopportunityofexpressingsupportforObamaeveryday,"saysDanielEffronatStanfordUniversityinCalifornia."OurresearcharousestheconcernthatpeoplemaynowbemorelikelytoraisenegativeviewsofAfricanAmericans."Ontheotherhand,hesays,itmayjustencouragepeopletotalkmorehonestlyabouttheirfeelingsregardingraceissues,whichmaynotbesuchabadthing.

Anotherpartofthestudysuggestsfarmoreisatstakethanthemereexpressionofviews.TheObamaeffectmayhaveanegativeside.JustoneweekafterObamawaselectedpresident,participantswerelessreadytosupportpoliciesdesignedtoaddressracialinequalitythantheyhadbeentwoweeksbeforetheelection.

Hugeobstacles

Itcould,ofcourse,alsobethatObama'ssuccesshelpspeopletoforgetthatadisproportionatenumberofblackAmericansstillliveinpovertyandfacehugeobstacleswhentryingtoovercomethesecircumstances."BarackObama'sfamilyissuchasalient（出色的）image,wegeneraliseitandfailtoseethelargerpicture—thatthere'sinjusticeineveryaspectofAmericanlife,"saysCherylKaiseroftheUniversityofWashingtoninSeattle.ThosetryingtoaddressissuesofracialinequalityneedtoconstantlyremindpeopleoftheinequalitiesthatstillexisttocounteracttheObama'seffect,shesays.

ThoughPlant'sfindingsweremorepositive,shetoowarnsagainstthinkingthatracismandracialinequalitiesarenolongeraproblem."ThelastthingIwantisforpeopletothinkeverything'ssolved."

ThesefindingsdonotonlyapplytoObama,orevenjusttorace.Theyshouldholdforanyrolemodelinanycountry."There'snoreasonwewouldn'thaveseenthesameeffectonourviewsofwomenifHillaryClintonorSarahPalinhadbeenelected,"saysEffron.Sotheelectionofafemaleleadermighthaveadownsideforotherwomen.

Beyondrace

Wealsodon'tyetknowhowlongtheObamaeffect—bothitsgoodsideanditsbad—willlast.Politicalsentimentisnotoriouslychangeable:WhatifthingsbegintogowrongforObama,andhispopularityslumps?

AndwhatifAmericansbecomesofamiliarwithhavingObamaastheirpresidentthattheystopconsideringhisracealtogether?"Overtimehemightbecomehisownentity,"saysPlant.Thismightseemliketheultimatedefeatforracism,butignoringtheraceofcertainselectindividuals—aphenomenonthatpsychologistscallsubtyping—alsohasaninsidious（隱伏的）side."Wethinkithappenstohelppeoplepreservetheirbeliefs,sotheycanstillholdontothepreviousstereotypes."ThatcouldturnouttobethecruellestofallthetwiststotheObamaeffect.

1.HowdidErinWhitefeeluponseeingBarackObama'svictoryintheelection?

A.Excited.

B.Victorious.

C.Anxious.

D.Relieved.

2.Beforetheelection,ErinWhitehasbeenhauntedbythequestionofwhether.

A.shecouldobtainherMBAdegree

B.shecouldgoasfarasshewantedinlife

C.shewasovershadowedbyherwhitepeers

D.shewasreallyanachieverasastudent

3.WhatisthefocusofAshbyPlant'sstudy?

A.RacistsentimentsinAmerica.

B.Thepowerofrolemodels.

C.Personalitytraitsofsuccessfulblacks.

D.ThedualcharacterofAfricanAmericans.

4.Intheirexperiments,RayFriedmanandhiscolleaguesfoundthat.

A.blacksandwhitesbehaveddifferentlyduringtheelection

B.whites'attitudetowardsblackshasdramaticallychanged

C.Obama'selectionhaseliminatedtheprejudiceagainstblacks

D.Obama'ssuccessimpactedblacks'performanceinlanguagetests

5.WhatdoBrianNosek'spreliminaryresultssuggest?

A.Thechangeinbiasagainstblacksisslowincoming.

B.Biasagainstblackshasexperiencedanunusualdrop.

C.Websitevisitor'sopinionsarefarfrombeingreliable.

D.Obama'spopularitymaydeclineastimepassesby.

6.AnegativesideoftheObamaeffectisthat.

A.morepeoplehavestartedtocriticisePresidentObama'sracialpolicies

B.relationsbetweenwhitesandAfricanAmericansmaybecometenseagain

C.peoplearenowlessreadytosupportpoliciesaddressingracialinequality

D.whitepeoplearelikelytobecomemorecriticalofAfricanAmericans

7.CherylKaiserholdsthatpeopleshouldbeconstantlyremindedthat.

A.Obama'ssuccessissoundproofofblack'spotential

B.Obamaisbutarareexampleofblack'sexcellence

C.racialinequalitystillpersistsinAmericansociety

D.blacksstillfaceobstaclesinpoliticalparticipation

8.AccordingtoEffron,ifHillaryClintonorSarahPalinhadbeenelected,therewouldalsohavebeenanegativeeffecton(

).

9.ItispossiblethattheObamaeffectwillbeshort-livedifthereisachangeinpeople's(

).

10.TheworstpossibleaspectoftheObamaeffectisthatpeoplecouldignorehisracealtogetherandcontinuetoholdontotheiroldracial(

).

【答案】1.D

2.B

3.B

4.D

5.A

6.C

7.C

8.ourviewsofwomen

9.politicalsentiment

10.stereotypes

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知，當(dāng)ErinWhite聽到Obama成功贏得選舉的消息，她感覺到肩上的擔(dān)子減輕了。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

根據(jù)第二段ErinWhite說的話“Buttherehad...gosofar.”可知，她總是被一些問題所困擾，比如是否能成為自己想成為的人，在人生路上能走多遠(yuǎn)。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

3根據(jù)第四段的第一句“AshbyPlantis...totesthypothesesaboutthepowerofrolemodels.”所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

4.

根據(jù)第五段的最后一句“Indeed,theObamaeffectcanbesurprisinglyimmediateandpowerful,asRayFriedmanofVanderbiltUniversityandhiscolleaguesdiscovered.”以及第四段提到的howthe"Obamaeffect"ischangingpeople'sviewsandbehaviour.可知，選項(xiàng)D正確。

5.

根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“preliminaryresults”定位到Dropinbias這一部分的內(nèi)容，本段最后一句“hispreliminaryresultssuggestthatchangewillbemuchslowercomingthanPlant'sresultssuggest.”所以選項(xiàng)A與原文相符。

6.

根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“negativeside”定位到Talkinghonestly這一部分的內(nèi)容“TheObamaeffect...beforetheelection.”，選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

7.

根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“CherylKaiser”定位到Hugeobstacles這一部分的內(nèi)容，“wegeneraliseitandfailtoseethelargerpicture—thatthere'sinjusticeineveryaspectofAmericanlife.”選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

8.

根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“Effron”定位到“Hugeobstacles”這一部分第三段Effron說的內(nèi)容“There'snoreasonwewouldn'thaveseenthesameeffectonourviewsofwomenifHillaryClintonorSarahPalinhadbeenelected”.。

9.

根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的內(nèi)容“Politicalsentimentisnotoriouslychangeable:WhatifthingsbegintogowrongforObama,andhispopularityslumps.”。

10.

根據(jù)最后一段的倒數(shù)第二句“Wethinkithappenstohelppeoplepreservetheirbeliefs,sotheycanstillholdontothepreviousstereotypes.”。

4.單選題

EvenifyouhaveneverseenaJarmanfilmorpainting,orgarden,youcan______thepassionandgraceofhiswriting.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.assess

B.pursue

C.savor

D.testify

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.assess評估；評定

B.pursue追求；致力于

C.savor品味；體會(huì)D.testify（尤指出庭）作證；證明

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息thepassionandgraceofhiswriting（他作品中的激情和優(yōu)雅）可知，空格處表示“品味，體會(huì)”符合句意，故該題選擇C項(xiàng)恰當(dāng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】即使你從未看過賈曼的電影、繪畫或花園，你也能品味到他作品中的激情和優(yōu)雅。

5.單選題

Theviolent（）ofhisyouthreappearedandwasdirectednotonlyatthearmy,butathiswifeatall.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.impatience

B.character

C.temper

D.quality

【答案】C

【解析】impatience急躁，不耐煩；character性質(zhì)，品格；temper脾氣，性情，傾向；quality品質(zhì)，特性。句意：他年輕時(shí)的暴躁脾氣又出現(xiàn)了，不僅是在軍隊(duì)，而且對他的妻子也是一樣。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

6.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

IntheUnitedStates,thefirstdaynurserywasopenedin1854.Nurserieswereestablishedinvariousareasduringthe（1）halfofthe19thcentury;mostof（2）werecharitable.BothinEuropeandintheU.S,thedaynurserymovementreceivedgreat（3）duringtheFirstWorldWar,when（4）ofmanpowercausedtheindustrialemploymentofunprecedented(前所未有的)numbersofwomen.InsomeEuropeancountriesnurserieswereestablished（5）inmunitions(軍火)plants,underdirectgovernmentsponsorship.（6）thenumberofnurseriesintheU.S.alsorose（7）,thisrisewasaccomplishedwithoutgovernmentaidofanykind.DuringtheyearsfollowingtheFirstWorldWar,（8）,federal,state,andlocalgovernmentsgraduallybegantoexerciseameasureofcontrol（9）thedaynurseries,chieflyby（10）them.

The（11）oftheSecondWorldWarwasquicklyfollowedbyanincreaseinthenumberofdaynurseriesinalmostallcountries,aswomenwere（12）calledupontoreplacemeninthefactories.Onthis（13）theU.S.governmentimmediatelycametothesupportofthenurseryschools,（14）$6,000,000inJuly,1942foranurseryschoolprogramforthechildrenofworkingmothers.Manystatesandlocalcommunities（15）thisFederalaid.Bytheendofthewar,inAugust1945,morethan100,000childrenwerebeingcared（16）indaycarecentersreceivingfederal（17）.Soonafterward,thefederalgovernment（18）cutdownitsexpendituresforthispurposeandlater（19）them,causingasharpdropinthenumberofnurseryschoolsinoperation.However,theexpectationthatmostemployedmotherswouldleavetheir（20）attheendofthewarwasonlypartlyfulfilled.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.late

B.latter

C.other

D.first

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.those

B.whose

C.them

D.imitation

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.impetus

B.input

C.imitation

D.initiative

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.sources

B.abundance

C.shortage

D.reduction

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.hardly

B.entirely

C.even

D.only

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.Because

B.As

C.Since

D.Although

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.unanimously

B.sharply

C.predominantly

D.militantly

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.therefore

B.consequently

C.moreover

D.however

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.over

B.in

C.at

D.about

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.labeling

B.formulating

C.patenting

D.licensing

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.outset

B.outbreak

C.breakthrough

D.breakdown

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.again

B.thus

C.repeatedly

D.yet

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.circumstance

B.case

C.occasion

D.situation

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.regulating

B.summoning

C.allocating

D.transferring

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.expanded

B.facilitated

C.supplemented

D.compensated

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.by

B.after

C.of

D.for

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.pensions

B.subsidies

C.revenues

D.budgets

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.prevalently

B.furiously

C.drastically

D.statistically

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.diminished

B.abolished

C.jeopardized

D.precluded

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.nurseries

B.jobs

C.homes

D.children

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

第6題:D

第7題:B

第8題:C

第9題:A

第10題:D

第11題:B

第12題:A

第13題:C

第14題:C

第15題:C

第16題:D

第17題:B

第18題:C

第19題:B

第20題:B

【解析】第1題:考查固定搭配。根據(jù)上文第一家托兒所是在1854年開的，所以說空格處應(yīng)該填“19世紀(jì)下半葉”，根據(jù)固定搭配thelatterhalfof“……下半葉”，答案選B。

第2題:考查代詞。A選項(xiàng)those“這些”；B選項(xiàng)whose“他們的”；C選項(xiàng)them“他們”；D選項(xiàng)imitation“模仿”。句意：大多數(shù)都具有慈善性質(zhì)。這里填的內(nèi)容是用來指代托兒所，所以排除D。選B選項(xiàng)會(huì)造成語法錯(cuò)誤，所以不選；mostof后面要用人稱代詞，所以答案選C。

第3題:考查上下文文意。A選項(xiàng)impetus“動(dòng)力，推動(dòng)”；B選項(xiàng)input“輸入”；C選項(xiàng)imitation“模仿”D選項(xiàng)initiative“主動(dòng)權(quán)，積極性”。句意：第一次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，在歐洲和美國，日間托兒所運(yùn)動(dòng)得到（），當(dāng)人力（）造成女性就業(yè)數(shù)量達(dá)到前所未有的程度。這里因?yàn)閼?zhàn)爭，造成男性勞動(dòng)力缺失，女性走出家門去工作，所以托兒所運(yùn)動(dòng)獲得了動(dòng)力，答案選A。

第4題:考查上下文文意。A選項(xiàng)sources“來源，出處”；B選項(xiàng)abundance“充裕，豐富”；C選項(xiàng)shortage“缺乏”，D選項(xiàng)reduction“減少”。句意：第一次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，在歐洲和美國，日間托兒所運(yùn)動(dòng)得到（），當(dāng)（）人力造成女性就業(yè)數(shù)量達(dá)到前所未有的程度。戰(zhàn)爭使男性上了戰(zhàn)場，造成了男性勞動(dòng)力的缺失，所以女性走出門來了，由此可知答案選C。

第5題:考查上下文文意。A選項(xiàng)hardly“幾乎不”；B選項(xiàng)entirely“完全地”；C選項(xiàng)even“甚至”；D選項(xiàng)only“只，僅僅”。句意：一些歐洲國家在政府直接贊助下，托兒所（）建立在軍火庫里。這里根據(jù)句意就是政府贊助，所以托兒所建在軍火庫里，所以A不選；B、D選項(xiàng)代入題中不相應(yīng)，所以排除；托兒所建立在軍火庫里是一件有點(diǎn)讓人意外的事情，所以答案選C。

第6題:考查上下文文意。A選項(xiàng)Because“因?yàn)椤?；B選項(xiàng)As“正如；因?yàn)椋槐M管”；C選項(xiàng)Since“自從”；D選項(xiàng)Although“盡管”。句意：（）美國托兒所的數(shù)量也增加（），這一增長是在沒有任何政府援助的情況下完成的。托兒所數(shù)量增加和沒有政府幫助之間存在的關(guān)系不會(huì)是因果關(guān)系和時(shí)間邏輯關(guān)系，反而讓步轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系會(huì)更恰當(dāng)，所以答案選D。選as作為讓步狀語的連接詞位于句首時(shí)，句子需要倒裝，所以B不選。

第7題:考查上下文文意。A選項(xiàng)unanimously“全體一致地”；B選項(xiàng)sharply“急劇地”C選項(xiàng)predominantly“主要地”；D選項(xiàng)militantly“好戰(zhàn)地，強(qiáng)硬地”。這里的空格后面接的是動(dòng)詞rise，而能和rise搭配的只有B，急劇地上升，所以答案選B。

第8題:考查上下文文意。A選項(xiàng)therefore“因此”；B選項(xiàng)consequently“最終地，結(jié)果”；C選項(xiàng)moreover“而且，此外”，D選項(xiàng)however“無論如何，然而可是”。句意：在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)之后的幾年里，（），聯(lián)邦、州和地方政府逐漸開始采取措施，主要是由他們來（）日間托兒所。根據(jù)上文，托兒所在世界大戰(zhàn)的時(shí)候蓬勃發(fā)展，而世界大戰(zhàn)之后政府部門開始管控了，這兩個(gè)事情之間存在著轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系不是遞進(jìn)或者因果關(guān)系，所以答案選C。

第9題:考查固定搭配。句意：地方政府逐漸開始采取措施控制日間托兒所。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，這里能夠和control搭配的介詞只有over，所以答案選A。

第10題:考查上下文文意。A選項(xiàng)“貼標(biāo)簽，分類”；B選項(xiàng)“系統(tǒng)的闡述，指定……的配方”；C選項(xiàng)“給……專利”；D選項(xiàng)“給……發(fā)牌”。句意：地方政府逐漸開始采取措施控制日間托兒所，主要是由他們來控制……。這里根據(jù)邏輯，政府部門能夠控制的只有發(fā)放營業(yè)執(zhí)照，所以答案選D。

第11題:考查上下文文意。A選項(xiàng)outset“開始，開端”；B選項(xiàng)outbreak“爆發(fā)，發(fā)作”；C選項(xiàng)breakthrough“突破，突破性進(jìn)展”；D選項(xiàng)breakdown“故障，分解”。句意：第二次世界大戰(zhàn)（）后，幾乎所有國家的日間托兒所數(shù)量都迅速增加……。這里能夠跟戰(zhàn)爭搭配的只有A、B選項(xiàng)，根據(jù)句意是戰(zhàn)爭的爆發(fā)，所以導(dǎo)致托兒所的數(shù)量增加，所以答案選B。

第12題:考查上下文文意。A選項(xiàng)again“再次”；B選項(xiàng)thus“因此”；C選項(xiàng)repeatedly“不斷的，重復(fù)的”；D選項(xiàng)yet“盡管”。句意：在工廠里，女人被（）要求取代男人。根據(jù)上文，在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)里女性已經(jīng)進(jìn)入工廠了，所以答案選A。

第13題:考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)circumstance“環(huán)境，情況”；B選項(xiàng)case“情況，實(shí)例”；C選項(xiàng)occasion“時(shí)機(jī)，場合”；D選項(xiàng)situation“情形”。句意：在這種（），美國政府立即出面支持托兒所。這里的詞義填“情形”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵介詞on，這里填C：onthisoccasion在這種場合下。

第14題:考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)regulating“調(diào)節(jié)”；B選項(xiàng)summoning“傳喚，召喚”；C選項(xiàng)allocating“分配，撥款”；D選項(xiàng)transferring“轉(zhuǎn)移，傳遞”。句意：在這種情形下，美國政府在1942年7月立即（）600萬美元來支持托兒所來照顧工作母親的孩子。從這里可以看出美國政府是撥了600萬美元的款來幫助進(jìn)入工廠的母親來照顧孩子。所以這里選C。

第15題:考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)expanded“擴(kuò)展”；B選項(xiàng)facilitated“促進(jìn)，幫助”；C選項(xiàng)supplemented“補(bǔ)充”；D選項(xiàng)compensated“補(bǔ)償”。句意：許多州和地方社區(qū)都（）聯(lián)邦援助。這里根據(jù)句意應(yīng)該填C，給這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃做了進(jìn)一步的補(bǔ)充；facilitated指的是促進(jìn)了什么事情。

第16題:考查固定搭配。句意：超過10萬名兒童在日托中心接受照顧。選項(xiàng)中能夠和care搭配的介詞是D，如果把care當(dāng)成一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，非謂語是被動(dòng)語態(tài)選A的話，caredby后面需要接人，而不是接一個(gè)地點(diǎn)，所以答案不能選A。

第17題:考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“養(yǎng)老金”；B選項(xiàng)“補(bǔ)貼，津貼”；C選項(xiàng)“收入”；D選項(xiàng)“預(yù)算”。句意：超過10萬名兒童在日托中心接受照顧，托兒所受到了政府的（）。根據(jù)上文，聯(lián)邦政府撥款給托兒所項(xiàng)目，撥的款收到后便是補(bǔ)貼，所以答案選B選項(xiàng)。

第18題:考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)prevalently“流行地，普遍地”；B選項(xiàng)furiously“猛烈地，狂暴地”，C選項(xiàng)drastically“徹底地，激烈地”；D選項(xiàng)statistically“統(tǒng)計(jì)地”。句意：隨后不久，聯(lián)邦政府（）削減這方面的開支，后來（）他們，導(dǎo)致托兒所數(shù)量急劇下降。從句中causing可知前面半句是導(dǎo)致托兒所減少的原因。托兒所數(shù)量減少可以推斷是政府的補(bǔ)貼減少了，選項(xiàng)中能夠和cutdown搭配的只有C選項(xiàng)。B選項(xiàng)一般是用來描述人說話或者做事時(shí)一種憤怒的狀態(tài)，不能描述數(shù)據(jù)，所以排除。

第19題:考查上下文文意。A選項(xiàng)diminished“削減，減弱”；B選項(xiàng)abolished“廢除”；C選項(xiàng)jeopardized“危害”；D選項(xiàng)precluded“排除”。句意：隨后不久，聯(lián)邦政府急劇削減這方面的開支，后來（）他們，導(dǎo)致托兒所數(shù)量急劇下降。從句中causing可以知前面半句是導(dǎo)致托兒所減少的原因。托兒所數(shù)量減少可以推斷是政府的補(bǔ)貼減少了。這里的空格處前有個(gè)later，所以與前面所講的開支削減存在遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，所以答案選B，削減之后在進(jìn)一步就是廢除了。

第20題:考查上下文文意。A選項(xiàng)nurseries“托兒所”；B選項(xiàng)jobs“工作”；C選項(xiàng)homes“家庭”；D選項(xiàng)children“孩子”。句意：然而，預(yù)期大多數(shù)有工作的母親會(huì)在戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束時(shí)離開（），這只是部分實(shí)現(xiàn)了。從句的主語是mother，空格前面有個(gè)their，就說明空格出填的要跟mother有關(guān)。所以A選項(xiàng)排除。當(dāng)初是因?yàn)閼?zhàn)爭所以女性才被號召離開家離開孩子去工作的，現(xiàn)在戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束了母親們應(yīng)該是回歸家庭回到孩子身邊，所以別人預(yù)期應(yīng)該是戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束后母親們會(huì)辭掉自己的工作回歸家庭，但是預(yù)期和現(xiàn)實(shí)不一樣，所以這里答案應(yīng)該選B。

7.單選題

TheforestfromwhichMantakeshistimberisthetallestandmostimpressiveplantcommunityonEarth.IntermsofMan’sbrieflifeitappearspermanentandunchanging,savefortheseasonalgrowthandfalloftheleaves,buttoforesteritrepresentstheclimaxofalongsuccessionofevents.Nowoodedlandscapeweseetodayhasbeenforestforalllime.Plantshaveminimumrequirementsoftemperatureandmoistureand,inagespast,virtuallyeverypartofEarth’ssurfacehasatsometimebeeneithertoodryortoocoldforplantstosurvive.However,assoonasclimaticconditionschangeinfavorofplantlife,afascinatingsequenceofchangesoccurs,calledaprimarysuccession.

Firsttocolonizethebarrenlandarethelowlylichens,survivingonbarerock.Slowly,theacidsproducedbytheseorganismscracktherocksurface,plantdebrisaccumulates,andmossesestablishashallowroothold.Fernsmayfollowand,withshortgrassesandshrubs,graduallyfromacoveringofplantlife.Rootsprobeevendeeperintothedevelopingsoilandeventuallylargeshrubsgivewaytothefirsttress.Thesegrowrapidly,cuttingoffsunlightfromthesmallerplants,andsoonestablishcompletedomination-closingtheirranksandformingaclimaxcommunitywhichmayendureforthousandsofyears.

Yeteventhiscommunityisnoteverlasting.Firemaydestroyitoutrightandsettlersmaycutitdowntogainlandforpastureorcultivation.Ifthelandisthenabandoned,asecondarysuccessionwilltakeover,developingmuchfasteronthemorehospitablesoil.Shrubsandtreesareamongtheearlyinvaders,theirseedscarriedbythewind,bybirdsandlodgedinthecoatsofmammals.Foraslongasitstandsandthrives,theforestisavastmachine,storingenergyandmanyelementsessentialforlife.

1.Whatdoestheforeststrikemankindaspermanent?

2.Whathassometimescausedplantstodieoutofthepast?

3.Ina“primarysuccession”，whatmakesitpossibleformossestotakeroot?

4.Whatconditionsareneededforshrubstobecomeestablished?

5.Whyisa“secondarysuccession”quicker?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thetreesareincommunity.

B.Theforestisrenewedeachseason.?

C.Man'slifeisshortincomparison.

D.Itisanessentialpartofourlives.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Interferencefromforesters.

B.Variationsinclimate.

C.Theabsenceofwoodedland.

D.Theintroductionofnewtypeofplants.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thetypeofrock.

B.Theamountofsunlight.

C.Theamountofmoisture.

D.Theeffectoflichens.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Fernsmusttakeroot.

B.Thegroundmustbecoveredwithgrass.

C.Moresoilmustaccumulate.

D.Smallerplantsmustdieout.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thegroundismoresuitable.

B.Thereismorespacenewplants.

C.Birdsandanimalsbringnewseeds.

D.Itissupportedbytheforest.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“對于人類來說，森林的永恒之處在于……”。文章第一段第二句提到“對于人類短暫的生命來說，森林似乎是永恒不變的”（IntermsofMan’sbrieflifeitappearspermanentandunchanging），因此選項(xiàng)C“相比之下，人類生命很短暫”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“以前有時(shí)導(dǎo)致植物滅絕的因素是什么”。文章第一段提到“在過去，地球表面每個(gè)部分都曾因?yàn)樘苫蛘咛涠怪参餆o法生存”（inagespast,virtuallyeverypartofEarth’ssurfacehasatsometimebeeneithertoodryortoocoldforplantstosurvive），由此可知?dú)夂蛟驅(qū)е履承┲参餃缃^，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“在初級演替中，什么是苔蘚生長成為可能”。文章第二段第一二句提到“首先在貧瘠土地上生長的是地衣，它們生長在光禿禿的巖石上。慢慢地，這些微生物產(chǎn)生的酸性物質(zhì)破壞了巖石的表面，植物碎屑堆集，苔蘚會(huì)建立一個(gè)很淺的根系”（Firsttocolonizethebarrenlandarethelowlylichens,survivingonbarerock.Slowly,theacidsproducedbytheseorganismscracktherocksurface,plantdebrisaccumulates,andmossesestablishashallowroothold），由此可知是因?yàn)橛械匾拢庞刑μ\成長的可能。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“灌木穩(wěn)固生長需要什么條件”。文章第二段第三句提到“緊接著可能出現(xiàn)的是蕨類植物，短草和灌木逐漸從植物覆蓋的土壤中開始生長”（Fernsmayfollowand,withshortgrassesandshrubs,graduallyfromacoveringofplantlife），蕨類生長的前提是苔蘚形成的土壤層，因此可知灌木要生長需要累積更多的土壤，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“第二次演替較快的原因是……”。文章最后一段提到“如果這篇土地被廢氣了，就會(huì)發(fā)生第二次演替，在更適合生長的土壤將發(fā)展得更快”（Ifthelandisthenabandoned,asecondarysuccessionwilltakeover,developingmuchfasteronthemorehospitablesoil），因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

8.單選題

Scientistsconcludedthatnonsmokerswhomust（

）inhaletheairpollutedbytobaccosmokersmaysuffermorethanthesmokersthemselves.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.involuntarily

B.instantaneously

C.spontaneously

D.reluctantly

【答案】D

【解析】副詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)involuntarily“不自覺地，偶然地”；B選項(xiàng)instantaneously“突如其來地”；C選項(xiàng)spontaneously“自發(fā)地”；D選項(xiàng)reluctantly“不情愿地”。句意：科學(xué)家得出的結(jié)論：不吸煙的人如果不情愿地吸入被吸煙者污染的空氣，可能會(huì)比吸煙者自己更痛苦。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

9.單選題

Thesaleusuallytakesplaceoutsidethehouse,withtheaudience（

）onbenches,chairsorboxes.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.havingseated

B.seated

C.seating

D.havingbeenseated

【答案】B

【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法?，F(xiàn)在分詞通常強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的主動(dòng)語態(tài)，而過去分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)被動(dòng)語態(tài)或已經(jīng)發(fā)生過的，根據(jù)句意‘促銷通常在戶外進(jìn)行，人們坐在長凳、椅子或盒子上’確定B選項(xiàng)的seated表示坐的狀態(tài)，正確。

10.單選題

Thetenantmustbepreparedtodecoratethehouse（

）thetermsofthecontract.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inthevicinityof

B.inquestof

C.inaccordancewith

D.incollaborationwith

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)inthevicinityof“在……附近”；B選項(xiàng)inquestof“探尋、尋求”；C選項(xiàng)inaccordancewith“根據(jù)、按照”；D選項(xiàng)incollaborationwith“與……合作”，由題干“合同條款”可知inaccordancewith“根據(jù)、按照”符合題意，句意為：根據(jù)合約，房客必須準(zhǔn)備裝飾房子。選項(xiàng)C為正確答案。

11.單選題

Inthepastdecade,alotofcaloricpowerstationshavebeenbuilt,usingcoalasfuel.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hydraulic

B.wind

C.solar

D.thermal

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.hydraulic（通過水管等）液壓的；水力的

B.wind風(fēng)

C.solar太陽的D.thermal熱量的

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息usingcoalasfuel（以煤為燃料）可知，caloricpowerstations指的是熱電站，caloric是“熱量的”的意思，D項(xiàng)詞義與之相近，故該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C項(xiàng)詞義不符合句中所選詞匯。

【句意】在過去的十年里，人們建造了許多以煤為燃料的熱電站。

12.單選題

Evidencecameup（

）specificsoundsarerecognizedbybabiesasyoungassixmonthsold.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.what

B.that

C.which

D.whose

【答案】B

【解析】考查同位語從句。通過分析句子可知，后面specificsoundsarerecognized…是對前面的evidence的解釋說明，是同位語，并且是個(gè)完整的句子，所以此處用that來引導(dǎo)這個(gè)同位語從句。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

13.翻譯題

Scientificandtechnologicaladvancesareenablingustocomprehendthefurthestreachesofthecosmos,themostbasicconstituentsofmatter,andthemiracleoflife.

Atthesametime,today,theactions,andinaction,ofhumanbeingsimperilnotonlylifeontheplanet,buttheverylifeoftheplanet.

Globalizationismakingtheworldsmaller,fasterandricher.Still,9/11,avianflu,andIranremindusthatasmaller,fasterworldisnotnecessarilyasaferworld.

Ourworldisburstingwithknowledge—butdesperatelyinneedofwisdom.Now,whensoundbitesaregettingshorter,wheninstantmessagescrowdoutessays,andwhenindividuallivesgrowmorefrenzied,collegegraduatescapableofdeepreflectionarewhatourworldneeds.

ForallthesereasonsIbelieved—andIbelieveevenmorestronglytoday—intheuniqueandirreplaceablemissionofuniversities.

【答案】科學(xué)技術(shù)的進(jìn)步使我們能夠探索宇宙的邊陲，物質(zhì)最基本的組成部分，以及生命的奇跡。

與此同時(shí)，今天，人類所做的事情及沒能做到的事情，不僅危害地球上的生命，而且危害地球自身的生命。

全球化使世界變得更小、更快、更富有。然而，9/11、禽流感和伊朗問題提醒我們，更小、更快的世界不一定是一個(gè)更安全的世界。

我們正處在一個(gè)知識爆炸的世界之中，但卻迫切需要智慧。如今，在（新聞采訪的）原聲摘要播出變得愈來愈短，即時(shí)信息排擠了散雜文，個(gè)人生活變得更加瘋狂，這個(gè)世界需要的正是具有深刻反思能力的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生。

基于所有這些原因，我相信，而且今天我更加堅(jiān)信大學(xué)的獨(dú)特和不可替代的使命。

14.單選題

Thefirehascausedgreatlosses,butthefactorytriedto______theconsequencesbysayingthatthedamagewasnotasseriousasreported.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.decrease

B.subtract

C.minimize

D.degrade

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)decrease“減少，減小”，強(qiáng)調(diào)事物逐漸減少的過程，主要是指數(shù)量、質(zhì)量等方面的減少；B選項(xiàng)subtract“減去”；C選項(xiàng)minimize“最小化，將……減到最小”；D選項(xiàng)degrade“降低（地位），貶低”。句意：這場火災(zāi)造成了巨大損失，但工廠表示損失沒有報(bào)道的嚴(yán)重，試圖將后果降到最低。

15.單選題

Havingafewtoomanydrinkscanmeanmorethanjustablackoutorabadhangover.Peoplewhoengageinbingedrinkingarecourtingdanger,expertswarn.

Bingedrinkingismostcommonatcollegesanduniversities,wheremanyadultstreatdrinkingtoexcessasariteofpassage.A1997studyfromtheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealthreportsthat42.7%ofallcollegestudentsengageinbingedrinking.Thewell-publicizeddeathsofseveralcollegestudentsfrombingedrinkingin1997highlightstherisks.

An18-year-oldfreshmanattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologydrankhimselfintoacomaanddied.A20-year-oldfraternitypledgeatLouisianaStateUniversitydiedfromalcoholpoisoning.

“Alcoholisalwaystoxic.It’sreallyapoison，”saidStevenSchandler，professo