考研考博-英語-太原理工大學考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-太原理工大學考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Heattendstothe（

）ofimportantbusinesshimself.

問題1選項

A.transaction

B.transition

C.transmission

D.transformation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。transaction“交易，業(yè)務”；transition“過渡，轉(zhuǎn)變”；transmission“傳送，播送”；transformation“轉(zhuǎn)換”。句意：他親自參與重要的商務會議。選項A符合題意。

2.單選題

USAisoneofthePowersintheworld,butit'sa(n)（）thatinsucharichcountrythereshouldbesomanypoorpeople.

問題1選項

A.paradox

B.prejudice

C.dilemma

D.conflict

【答案】A

【解析】paradox悖論,自相矛盾的人或事；prejudice偏見；dilemma困境；conflict沖突,矛盾。句意：美國是世界大國之一,但在如此富裕的國家卻有如此多的窮人,這是一個悖論。

3.單選題

PerhapsthebestWashingtoncandoistoremindtheKremlinofthelikelygeopoliticalrepercussionsofanaggressive,nucleararmedIran.

問題1選項

A.insatiabation

B.replication

C.ionization

D.reverberation

【答案】D

【解析】考查近義名詞辨析。A選項insatiabation不存在；B選項replication“復制；回答”；C選項ionization“電離；游離；離子化；電離作用”；D選項reverberation“混響；反射；反響；回響”。句意：或許華盛頓能做的最好的事情就是提醒克里姆林宮，一個咄咄逼人、擁有核武器的伊朗可能會產(chǎn)生地緣政治影響。repercussions“反響，影響”，D選項與該詞詞意最相近，因此D選項正確。

4.單選題

Itisnotsomuchthelanguage______theculturalbackgroundthatmakesthebookdifficulttounderstand.

問題1選項

A.but

B.nor

C.as

D.like

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定用法。notsomuch…as…“與其說是……不如說是……”。句意：與其說語言不如說是文化背景使這本書難以理解。因此C選項符合題意。

5.單選題

Lifeoffersusamyriadof（）,evenopposingones,andwhatisinvolvedinourdecisionprocessistodiscoverandchoosewhatismostsuitedtoarriveatourobjectives.

問題1選項

A.bisociations

B.navigations

C.digerati

D.paradigms

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項bisociations“異類聯(lián)想”；B選項navigations“航行，航海”；C選項digerati“電腦專家”；D選項paradigms“范例，范式”。句意：生活給我們提供了無數(shù)的模式，甚至是對立的模式，而在我們做出決定的過程中，我們要發(fā)現(xiàn)并選擇最適合我們達到目標的模式。本句表示生活中的范式。因此D選項正確。

6.單選題

Tohisinquiryifshewerehurt,shemadesomeincoherentreply（）shedidnotknow.

問題1選項

A.tothepointthat

B.totheeffectthat

C.totheextentthat

D.tothesensethat

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項tothepointthat“到….程度”；B選項totheeffectthat“大意是，意思是”；C選項totheextentthat“達到…的程度以致；就…來說”；D選項tothesensethat沒有這種表達。句意：對于他問她是否受傷了，她給出了一些語無倫次地回答，大意是她不知道。選項B符合句意。

7.單選題

InmostearthquakestheEarth'scrustcrackslikeporcelain.Stressbuildsupuntilafractureformsatadepthofafewkilometersandthecrustslipstorelievethestress.Someearthquakes,however,takeplacehundredsofkilometersdownintheEarth'smantle,wherehighpressuremakesrocksoductilethatitflowsinsteadofcracking,evenunderstresssevereenoughtodeformitlikeputty.Howcantherebeearthquakesatsuchdepths?

Thatsuchdeepeventsdooccurhasbeenacceptedonlysince1927,whentheseismologistKiyooWadaticonvincinglydemonstratedtheirexistence.Insteadofcomparingthearrivaltimesofseismicwavesatdifferentlocations,asearlierresearchershaddone,Wadatireliedonatimedifferencebetweenthearrivalofprimary(P)wavesandtheslowersecondary(S)waves.BecausePandSwavestravelatdifferentbutfairlyconstantspeeds,theintervalbetweentheirarrivalsincreasesinproportiontothedistancefromtheearthquakefocus,orrupturepoint.

Formostearthquakes,Wadatidiscovered,theintervalwasquiteshortneartheepicenter,thepointonthesurfacewhereshakingisstrongest.Forafewevents,however,thedelaywaslongevenattheepicenterWadatisawasimilarpatternwhenheanalyzeddataontheintensityofshaking.Mostearthquakeshadasmallareaofintenseshaking,whichweakenedrapidlywithincreasingdistancefromtheepicenter,butotherswerecharacterizedbyalowerpeakintensity,feltoverabroaderarea.BoththeP-Sintervalsandtheintensitypatternssuggestedtwokindsofearthquakes:themorecommonshallowevents,inwhichthefocuslayjustundertheepicenter,anddeepevents,withafocusseveralhundredkilometersdown

Thequestionremained:howcansuchquakesoccur,giventhatmantlerockatadepthofmorethan50kilometersistooductiletostoreenoughstresstofracture?Wadati'sworksuggestedthatdeepeventsoccurinareas(nowcalledWadati-Benioffzones)whereonecrustalplateisforcedunderanotheranddescendsintothemantle.Thedescendingrockissubstantiallycoolerthanthesurroundingmantleandhenceislessductileandmuchmoreliabletofracture.

1.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Informationpresentedinthepassagesuggeststhat,comparedwithseismicactivityattheepicenterofashallowevent,seismicactivityattheepicenterofadeepeventischaracterizedby

（

）.

3.ThemethodusedbyWadatitodeterminethedepthsofearthquakesismostlikewhichofthefollowing?

4.Thepassagesupportswhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttherelationshipbetweentheepicenterandthefocusofanearthquake?

問題1選項

A.demonstratingwhythemethodsofearlyseismologistswereflawed

B.arguingthatdeepeventsarepoorlyunderstoodanddeservefurtherstudy

C.defendingarevolutionarytheoryaboutthecausesofearthquakesandmethodsofpredictingthem

D.discussingtheevidencefortheexistenceofdeepeventsandtheconditionsthatallowthemtooccur

問題2選項

A.shorterP-Sintervalsandhigherpeakintensity

B.shorterP-Sintervalsandlowerpeakintensity

C.longerP-Sintervalsandlowerpeakintensity

D.longerP-Sintervalsandhigherpeakintensity

問題3選項

A.Determiningthedistancefromathunderstormbythingtheintervalbetweentheflashofalightningboltandthunderitproduces

B.Determiningtheheightofamountainbymeasuringtheshadowitcastsatdifferenttimesoftheday.

C.Determiningthedepthofawellbydroppingstonesintowellandtiminghowlongtheytaketoreachthebottom.

D.Determiningthedistancebetweentwopointsbycountingthenumberofpacesiftakestocoverthedistanceandmeasuringasinglepace.

問題4選項

A.PwavesoriginateatthefocusandSwavesoriginateattheepicenter

B.Indeepeventstheepicenterandthefocusarereversed.

C.Inshalloweventstheepicenterandthefocuscoincide.

D.Inbothdeepandshalloweventsthefocusliesbeneaththeepicenter

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題目是問文章主要是關于什么的。通過文章內(nèi)容可知，文章主要是向讀者介紹deepevents的知識。Wadati通過對Pwaves與Swaves的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)deepevents的存在。不同類型的地震其P-Sintervals是不同的，因此有了shallowevents與deepevents的區(qū)別。文章也告訴了讀者deepevents是如何發(fā)生的。所以D選項‘討論深層事件存在的證據(jù)以及允許它們發(fā)生的條件’正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句“BecausePandSwavestravelatdifferentbutfairlyconstantspeeds,theintervalbetweentheirarrivalsincreasesinproportiontothedistancefromtheearthquakefocus,orrupturepoint.由于P波和S波以不同但相當恒定的速度傳播，它們到達的間隔與震源或破裂點的距離成正比?！币约暗谌巫詈笠痪洹癇oththeP-Sintervalsandtheintensitypatternssuggestedtwokindsofearthquakes:themorecommonshallowevents,inwhichthefocuslayjustundertheepicenter,anddeepevents,withafocusseveralhundredkilometersdown.P-S間隔和強度模式都表明有兩種地震：一種是更常見的淺層地震，震源就在震中下方;另一種是震源在幾百公里以下的深層地震”可知與地震活動在一個淺的中心事件,地震活動的中心事件的特點是‘通過更接的縱橫間隔波和更高的峰值強度表現(xiàn)的’，D選項正確。

3.推理判斷題。題目提問Wadati用來確定地震深度的方法最像下列哪一種？distant用詞不準。根據(jù)原文“BecausePandSwavestravelatdifferentbutfairlyconstantspeedstheintervalbetweentheirarrivalsincreasesinproportiontothedistancefromtheearthquakefocus(earthquakefocus-orrupturepoint.因為P波和S波以不同但相當恒定的速度傳播，它們到達的距離與震源(震源或破裂點)的距離成正比。所以，只要地震的S波在P波之后很長時間才到達一個給定的位置肯定是真的，所以A選項‘用閃電與雷暴之間的間隔來確定雷暴與雷暴之間的距離’符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。本題是問文章支持下列哪一個陳述關于中心和地震的集點之間的關系。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容以及最后一段“Thequestionremained:howcansuchquakesoccur,giventhatmantlerockatadepthofmorethan50kilometersistooductiletostoreenoughstresstofracture?Wadati’sworksuggestedthatdeepeventsoccurinareas(nowcalledWadati-BeniofFzones)whereonecrustalplateisforcedunderanotheranddescendsintothemantle.Thedescendingrockissubstantiallycoolerthanthesurroundingmantleandhenceislessductileandmuchmoreliabletofracture.問題依然存在:考慮到50公里以上深處的地幔巖石韌性太強，無法儲存足夠的應力而導致斷裂，這樣的地震怎么會發(fā)生呢?Wadati的工作表明，深部事件發(fā)生在一個地殼板塊被壓在另一個地殼板塊下并進入地幔的區(qū)域(現(xiàn)在稱為Wadati-Benioff帶)。下降的巖石比周圍的地幔要冷得多，因此韌性較差，更容易斷裂。”可知D‘無論是深地震還是淺地震，震源都位于震中下方’選項。

8.單選題

Asseriousassheisaboutthebullfight,shedoesnotallowrespectto（

）hersenseofwhimsywhenpaintingit.

問題1選項

A.suppress

B.inspire

C.satisfy

D.provoke

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。suppress“抑制；廢止”；inspire“激發(fā)；鼓舞”；satisfy“滿足”；provoke“激怒”。句意：盡管她將斗牛視為嚴肅的事情，但在用繪畫形式表現(xiàn)它時，她并沒有讓敬意遏制自己的奇思異想。由Asseriousassheisaboutthebullfight及notallowrespect可知“抑制”符合語境。As在句中表讓步關系。

9.單選題

Inorderto（）theagreementbetweentheemployeeandtheemployer,bothsidesmustsignit.

問題1選項

A.extract

B.endorse

C.notify

D.validate

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項extract“提取；取出；摘錄；榨取”；B選項endorse“背書；認可；簽署；贊同”；C選項notify“通告，通知；公布”；D選項validate“證實，驗證；確認；使生效”。句意：為了使雇員和雇主之間的協(xié)議生效，雙方必須在該協(xié)議上簽字。因此D選項正確。

10.翻譯題

Abaseball(棒球)thatlandsinanopen(開闊地)sooncomestorestbecauseofitsinteractionwiththeground.

【答案】由于與地面的相互作用，落在空地上的棒球很快就會停下來。

11.單選題

AlthoughtheBillinitspresentformisasignificantimprovementonitsfirstform,itremains（）flawed.

問題1選項

A.seriously

B.soundlessly

C.solemnly

D.strictly

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。seriously“認真地；嚴重地”；soundlessly“無聲地，靜悄悄地”；solemnly“莊嚴地，嚴肅地”；strictly“嚴格地，完全地”。句意：盡管這項法案目前的版本比第一版有很大提高，但是仍然有著______不足。能夠修飾”不足”這個詞的只有seriously這個詞，因此選項A符合題意。

12.單選題

Therelationshipbetweenformaleducationandeconomicgrowthinpoorcountriesiswidelymisunderstoodbyeconomistsandpoliticiansalike.Progressinbothareasisundoubtedlynecessaryforthesocial,politicalandintellectualdevelopmentoftheseandallothersocieties;however,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong.Wearefortunatethatisitbecausebuildingneweducationalsystemsthereandputtingenoughpeoplethroughthemtoimproveeconomicperformancewouldrequiretwoorthreegenerations.Thefindingsofaresearchinstitutionhaveconsistentlyshownthatworkersinallcountriescanbetrainedonthejobtoachieveradicallyhigherproductivityand,asaresult,radicallyhigherstandardsofliving.

Ironically,thefirstevidenceforthisideaappearedintheUnitedStates.Notlongago,withthecountryenteringarecessingandJapanatitspre-bubblepeak,theU.S.workforcewasderidedaspoorlyeducatedandoneoftheprimarycauseofthepoorU.S.economicperformance.Japanwas,andremains,thegloballeaderinautomotiveassemblyproductivity.YettheresearchrevealedthattheU.S.factoriesofHonda,Nissan,andToyotaachievedabout95percentoftheproductivityoftheirJapanesecounterparts—aresultofthetrainingthatU.S.workersreceivedonthejob.

Morerecently,whileexamininghousingconstruction,theresearchersdiscoveredthatilliterate,non-English-speakingMexicanworkersinHouston,Texas,consistentlymetbest-practicelaborproductivitystandardsdespitethecomplexityofthebuildingindustry'swork.

Whatistherealrelationshipbetweeneducationandeconomicdevelopment?Wehavebeguntosuspectthatcontinuingeconomicgrowthpromotesthedevelopmentofeducationevenwhengovernmentsdon’tforceit.Afterall,that’showeducationgotstarted.Whenourancestorswerehuntersandgatherers10,000yearsago,theydidn’thavetimetowondermuchaboutanythingbesidesfindingfood.Onlywhenhumanitybegantogetitsfoodinamoreproductivewaywastheretimeforotherthings.

Aseducationimproved,humanity’sproductivitypotentialincreasedaswell.Whenthecompetitiveenvironmentpushedourancestorstoachievethatpotential,theycouldinturnaffordmoreeducation.Thisincreasinglyhighlevelofeducationisprobablyanecessary,butnotasufficient,conditionforthecomplexpoliticalsystemsrequiredbyadvancedeconomicperformance.Thuspoorcountriesmightnotbeabletoescapetheirpovertytrapswithoutpoliticalchangesthatmaybepossibleonlywithbroaderformaleducation.Alackofformaleducationhowever,doesn’tconstraintheabilityofthedevelopingworld’sworkforcetosubstantiallyimproveproductivityfortheforeseeablefuture.Onthecontrary,constraintsonimprovingproductivityexplainwhyeducationisn'tdevelopingmorequicklytherethanitis.

1.Theauthorholdsinparagraph1thattheimportanceofeducationinpoorcountries（）.

2.AmajordifferencebetweentheJapaneseandU.S.workforcesisthat（）.

3.Theauthorquotestheexampleofourancestortoshowthateducationemerged（）.

4.Accordingtothelastparagraph,developmentofeducation（）.

問題1選項

A.isconventionaldowngraded

B.hasbeenoverestimated

C.issubjecttogroundlessdoubts

D.hasfallenvictimofbias

問題2選項

A.theU.S.workforceismoreorganize

B.theJapaneseworkforceismoreproductive

C.theU.S.workforcehasabettereducation

D.theJapaneseworkforceisbetterdisciplined

問題3選項

A.asaresultofpressureongovernment

B.whenpeoplenolongerwenthungry

C.C.priortobetterwaysoffindingfood

D.whenpeoplehadenoughtime

問題4選項

A.followedimprovedproductivity

B.doesnotdependoneconomicperformance

C.resultsdirectlyfromthecompetitiveenvironments

D.cannotaffordpoliticalchanges

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“作者在第一段中認為教育在貧窮國家的重要性……”。文章第一段第二句后半句提到“傳統(tǒng)觀點認為教育應該是促進貧窮國家經(jīng)濟快速發(fā)展的最高優(yōu)先事項之一，這種觀點是錯誤的”(however,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong)，由此可知貧窮國家教育的重要性被高估了，因此選項B符合題意。

2.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“日本和美國勞動力的一個主要區(qū)別是什么？”文章第二段最后提到研究表明豐田、尼桑和本田位于美國的工廠的生產(chǎn)率大約是日本同行的95%（YettheresearchrevealedthattheU.S.factoriesofHonda,Nissan,andToyotaachievedabout95percentoftheproductivityoftheirJapanesecounterparts），由此可以推測出日本的生產(chǎn)率比美國的要高，因此選項B符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“作者引用我們祖先的例子來說明教育的出現(xiàn)……”。文章第四段第二句話提到“我們懷疑，即使政府不強迫，持續(xù)的經(jīng)濟增長也會促進教育的發(fā)展”(Wehavebeguntosuspectthatcontinuingeconomicgrowthpromotesthedevelopmentofeducationevenwhengovernmentsdon’tforceit)；當我們的祖先還在狩獵和采集的時候，除了尋找食物，他們沒有時間去思考其他的事情，由此可知教育之所以出現(xiàn)，是因為不需要去擔心食物的問題，選項B“人們不再挨餓”符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章最后一段可知教育的發(fā)展……”。文章最后一段的第一句提到隨著教育的進步，人類的生產(chǎn)潛力也增加了(Aseducationimproved,humanity’sproductivitypotentialincreasedaswell),選項A“伴隨生產(chǎn)力的提升”符合題意。

13.單選題

We（）hisideaforachangeinourprocessofcarmanufactures,anddecidedtosticktotheoldoneinstead.

問題1選項

A.dejected

B.projected

C.rejected

D.objected

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。deject使沮喪，使灰心；project設計，計劃；reject拒絕，排斥；object提出…作為反對的理由。句意：我們拒絕了他改變我們汽車制造方法的想法，并且決定堅持原來的方法。由decidedtosticktotheoldoneinstead可知C項“拒絕”符合題意，故C項正確。

14.單選題

Whatissospecialaboutintuitivetalent?ExtensiveresearchonbrainskillsindicatesthatthosewhoscoreashighlyintuitivelyonsuchtestinstrumentsastheMyers-BriggsTypeIndicatortendtobethemostinnovativeinstrategicplanninganddecisionmaking.Theytendtobemoreinsightfulandbetteratfindingnewwaysofdoingthings.Inbusiness,theyarethepeoplewhocansensewhetheranewproductideawill“fly”inthemarketplace.Theyarethepeoplewhowillgenerateingeniousnewsolutionstooldproblemsthatmayhavefesteredforyears.Thesearetheexecutivesthatallorganizationswouldlovetofind.

But,surprisingly,organizationsoftenthwart,block,ordriveoutthistalent—theverytalenttheyrequirefortheirfuturesurvival!Attheveryleast,mostorganizationslackwell-establishedhuman-capitalprogramsdesignedtosearchforandconsciouslyusetheiremployees’intuitivetalentinthestrategicplanningprocess.Asaresult,thistalentiseithernotused,suppressed,orlostaltogether.

Typically,highlyintuitivemanagersworkinanorganizationalclimatethatistheoppositeofthatwhichwouldenablethemtoflourishandtoreadilyusetheirskillsforstrategicdecisionmaking.Thisclimatecanbecharacterizedasfollows:Newideasarenotreadilyencouraged.Highermanagerschooseotherswhothinkmuchastheydoforsupportstaff.Unconventionalapproachestoproblemsolvingencounterenormousresistance.Beforelong,theintuitiveexecutivebeginstoemotionallywithdraw,slowlybutsurelyreducinghisorherinputandoftenleavingtheorganizationaltogether.

Toachievehigherproductivityinthestrategicplanninganddecisionmakingprocess,clearlywhatisneededisanorganizationalclimateinwhichintuitivebrainskillsandstylescanflourishandbeintegratedwithmoretraditionalmanagementtechniques.Theorganization’sleadershipmusthaveaspecialsensitivitytothevalueofintuitiveinputinstrategicdecisionmakingandunderstandhowtocreateanenvironmentinwhichtheuseofintuitionwillgrow,integratingitintothemainstreamoftheorganization’sstrategicplanningprocess.

1.WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTdescribeintuitivetalents?

2.Highlyintuitivemanagerstypicallyworkinaclimatethat（）.

3.Anexecutivemightleavetheorganizationbecause（）.

4.Anorganization’sleadershipshoulddoallofthefollowingEXCEPT（）.

問題1選項

A.Theyareinnovativeinstrategicplanning.

B.Theyaregoodatfindingnewapproachestooldproblems.

C.Theyaretheexecutivesthatallorganizationswouldlovetofind.

D.Theyarefullyutilized.

問題2選項

A.enablesthemtoflourish

B.discouragesnewideas

C.achieveshigherproductivity

D.bothAandC

問題3選項

A.heishurt

B.heisfired

C.hisintuitivetalentisnotused

D.heearnstoolittle

問題4選項

A.separatingintuitivestylesfromtraditionalmanagementtechniques

B.learninghowtousecreativethinking

C.learninghowtouseproblemsolvingskills

D.noneoftheabove

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】第1題:1.【選項釋義】

1.WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTdescribeintuitivetalents?1.下列哪項不能描述直覺天賦人才？

A.Theyareinnovativeinstrategicplanning.A.他們在戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃上是創(chuàng)新的。

B.Theyaregoodatfindingnewapproachestooldproblems.B.他們善于找到解決老問題的新方法。

C.Theyaretheexecutivesthatallorganizationswouldlovetofind.C.他們是所有組織都想要找到的管理者。

D.Theyarefullyutilized.D.他們被充分利用了。

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關鍵詞intuitivetalents可以定位至第一段，該段對此有描述“那些在邁爾斯布里格斯性格分類法等測試工具上直覺得分很高的人，往往在戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃和決策方面最具創(chuàng)新性（bethemostinnovativeinstrategicplanninganddecision-making）……他們是那些能夠想出巧妙的新辦法來解決可能已經(jīng)積存多年的老問題的人（generateingeniousnewsolutionstooldproblems）。這些是所有組織都想要找到的高管（theexecutivesthatallorganizationswouldlovetofind）。”從中可知，只有D項“他們被充分利用了”沒有被提及，但符合題目要求；所以該題選擇D項正確。

【干擾項排除】A項“他們在戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃上是創(chuàng)新的”、B項“他們善于找到解決老問題的新方法”和C項“他們是所有組織都想要找到的管理者”根據(jù)解題思路可知，都是對直覺天賦人才的描述，符合原文，屬于反向干擾。

第2題:2.【選項釋義】

2.Highlyintuitivemanagerstypicallyworkinaclimatethat______.2.高度直覺型的管理者通常在一個______的環(huán)境中工作。

A.enablesthemtoflourishA.能讓他們蓬勃發(fā)展

B.discouragesnewideasB.不鼓勵新想法

C.achieveshigherproductivityC.生產(chǎn)率更高

D.bothAandCD.A項和C項

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至原文第三段，第一句提到“高度直覺型的管理者所處的組織環(huán)境與能夠讓他們蓬勃發(fā)展并能隨時利用他們的技能進行戰(zhàn)略決策的環(huán)境背道而馳”，接著就描述了這種環(huán)境是什么樣的，即“新思想不容易被鼓勵。高層管理者選擇那些和他們想法一致的人作為支持人員。非傳統(tǒng)的解決問題的方法遇到了巨大的阻力?！?，綜合理解可知，B項“不鼓勵新想法”符合題干。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A項“能讓他們蓬勃發(fā)展”根據(jù)解題思路可知，與原文相反，屬于反向干擾；

C項“生產(chǎn)率更高”沒有提到，屬于無中生有；

D項“A項和C項”根據(jù)解題思路可知，該項不正確，屬于反向干擾。

第3題:3.【選項釋義】

3.Anexecutivemightleavetheorganizationbecause______.3.高管可能會因為______離開公司。

A.heishurtA.受傷

B.heisfiredB.解雇

C.hisintuitivetalentisnotusedC.他的直覺天賦沒有被利用

D.heearnstoolittleD.他掙得太少

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第三段三四五句“高層管理者會選擇那些跟他們想法一致的人作為支持人員，非傳統(tǒng)的解決問題的方法遇到了巨大的阻力。高度直覺型的管理人員不久后開始在情感上退縮，慢慢地肯定會減少投入，直到完全離開組織。”這一內(nèi)容可以推斷，管理人員離開機構的原因是自己的直覺天賦不被重用。選項C符合原文。

【干擾項排除】A項“受傷”、B項“解雇”和D項“他掙得太少”在原文都未提及，屬于無中生有。

第4題:4.【選項釋義】

4.Anorganization’sleadershipshoulddoallofthefollowingEXCEPT______.4.一個組織的領導層應該做以下所有的事情，除了______。

A.separatingintuitivestylesfromtraditionalmanagementtechniquesA.區(qū)分直觀風格和傳統(tǒng)管理辦法

B.learninghowtousecreativethinkingB.學習如何運用創(chuàng)造性思維

C.learninghowtouseproblem-solvingskillsC.學習如何使用解決問題的技巧

D.noneoftheaboveD.以上都不是

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第四段第一句“為了在戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃和決策過程中實現(xiàn)更高的生產(chǎn)力，顯然需要這樣一種組織環(huán)境：直覺和憑直覺辦事的方法能夠盛行，而且應該同更傳統(tǒng)的管理辦法結(jié)合起來（intuitivebrainskillsandstylescanflourishandbeintegratedwithmoretraditionalmanagementtechniques）”，理解可知，A項“區(qū)分直觀風格和傳統(tǒng)管理辦法”中的separating與原文中的integrated相反，不是一個組織的領導層應該做的事情。因此，該題選擇A項。

【干擾項排除】

B項“學習如何運用創(chuàng)造性思維”和C項“學習如何使用解決問題的技巧”根據(jù)第四段最后一句“組織的領導層……理解如何創(chuàng)造一個環(huán)境，使直覺的使用得以發(fā)展，并將其融入組織戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃過程的主流”，結(jié)合第一段對直覺天賦的描述：在戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃和決策方面最具創(chuàng)新性、想出解決問題的新辦法等，所以這兩項符合一個組織的領導層應該做的事情，屬于反向干擾；

D項“以上都不是”根據(jù)解題思路可知，該項屬于反向干擾。

15.單選題

Agoodleaderknowswhatarepracticalquestionsandalsoheknowswhento（）andwhentofight.

問題1選項

A.compromise

B.struggle

C.advance

D.flee

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。compromise"妥協(xié),讓步";struggle"努力,掙扎";advance"前進,進展";flee"逃跑,消失"。句意:一個好的領導者知道什么是實際問題,他也知道什么時候應該（）,什么時候應該戰(zhàn)斗。填空處應該和fight相對應,選項A符合句意。

16.翻譯題

人們現(xiàn)在感到不滿意，不是因為事情比以往更糟，而是因為比以往任何時候都好。以婚姻為例，在加利福尼亞，十對夫婦中有約六對離婚——在一些較富裕的社區(qū)這個比例還要高一些。必須承認，這些數(shù)字反映出許多不滿。但人們從未像現(xiàn)在這樣渴望和歡迎婚姻。的確，婚姻是如此地引人入勝，連很多正在辦離婚的人幾乎等不及法律許可，就想再度結(jié)婚了。

【答案】【參考譯文】Peoplearediscontentedthesedays,notbecausethingsareworsethanever,butbecausethingsarebetterthanever.Takemarriageforexample.InCaliforniathereareaboutsixdivorcesforeverytenmarriages—evenhigherinsomeofthebettercommunities.Onemustadmitthatagooddealofdiscontentisreflectedinthosestatistics.Butmarriagehasneverbeenmorepopularanddesirablethanitisnow;soappealinginfact,thateventhosewhoareintheprocessofdivorcecanscarcelywaitforthelawtoallowthemtomarryagain.

17.單選題

HistorianshavelongknownthatthereweretwosidestothePopulistmovementofthe1890s:aprogressiveside,embodyingtheprotestsofformersagainstbigbusiness,andadarkerside,markedbyadistrustofEasterners,immigrants,andintellectuals.Inthe1950s,oneschoolofU.S.socialthinkersconstructedaparallelbetweenthisdarksideofPopulismandthecontemporaryanti-CommunistcrusadespearheadedbyWisconsinSenatorJosephMcCarthy,whichattackedliberalism,Easternintellectuals,andcivillibertiesingeneral.ToSeymourMartinLipset,McCarthyismrepresented“thesourdregsofPopulism”;toEdwardShils,McCarthyism,likePopulism,exemplified“theambiguousAmericanimpulsetoward4directdemocracy.

NothingthatMcCarthyismandPopulismhadbothfoundtheirstrongestsupportintheagrarianMidwest,

LipsetarguedthatvoterswhobackedagrarianprotestmovementsduringearliereconomiccriseshadsupportedMcCarthyinthepost-WorldIIperiodofprosperity.IntheeyesofwriterslikeLipset,theappealofMcCarthyismextendedbeyondtheagrarianbaseofPopulismtoincludeurbangroupssuchasindustrialworkers.Lipsetclaimedthat“thelowerclasses,especiallytheworkers”hadbackedMcCarthy.Inamoresweepingfashion,LewisFeuerclaimedthat“itwastheAmericanlowerclass...whogavetheiroverwhelmingsupporttotheattacksinrecentyearsincivilliberties.”

Writingafewyearslater,politicalscientistMichaelPaulRoginchallengedthesesuperficiallyplausiblenotions,contendingthattheymerelyembodiedthewriters,ownassumptionsaboutthesupposedintoleranceoflowerclassgroups,ratherthanavalidinterpretationofMcCarthyism.Rogincriticallyexaminedtheirassertionsbythesimplemethodoftestingthemagainsttheevidence.HetestedLipset’sclaimsaboutthecontinuityofMcCarthyismandearlieragrarianprotestmovementsbybreakingdownstatewidevotingstatisticsonacounty-by-countybasis.HefoundthatWisconsincountiesthathadvotedstronglyforProgressivesbeforeWorldWarIIdidnotsupportMcCarthy;McCarthy’ssupportwasconcentratedinhishomeregionandinethnicGermanareasthathadbeentraditionallyconservative.TheoldProgressivevotehadinfactgonetoMcCarthy’sopponents,theDemocrats.

TotestLipset’sgeneralizationsaboutMcCarthy’ssupportamongclassgroups,Roginattemptedtodeterminewhetherindustrialworkershad,infact,backedMcCarthy.Correlatingincomeandemploymentstatisticswithvotingrecords,RoginfoundthatthegreatertheemploymentinindustryinagivenWisconsincounty,thelowerwasMcCarthy’sshareofthevote.Roginconcludedthatthethesisof“McCarthyismasPopulism”shouldbejudged“notastheproductofsciencebutasa...ventureintoconservativepoliticaltheory.’’

1.TheauthorwouldprobablyassertthePopulismandMcCarthyism（

）.

2.ItcanbeinferredthatRogin’smostseriouscriticismofLipset,Feuer,andShils’smethodologywouldprobablybethatthey（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,RoginconcludedthatthewritingsofLipset,ShilsandFeuer（）.

4.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

問題1選項

A.werecompletelyoppositeincharacter

B.wereresponsesto,respectively,agrarianandindustrialconditions

C.wereessentiallydissimilarmovementsthatsharedsomecommonfeatures

D.eachhadbothaprogressiveandadarkerside

問題2選項

A.reachedincorrectconclusionsaboutMcCarthy

B.failedtoexaminetheevidencethatcouldsupportorweakentheirconclusions

C.equatedsupportforMcCarthyismwithanti-intellectualism

D.placedtoomuchemphasisonthedualcharacterofPopulism

問題3選項

A.intentionallydistortedhistoricalevidence

B.wereflawedbypoliticalpresuppositions

C.lentsupporttoattackoncivilliberties

D.weremarkedbyanti-intellectualbias

問題4選項

A.discoveriesdescribinganinstanceofflawedhistoricalanalysis

B.advocatingtheuseofstatisticalmethodsinhistoricalresearch

C.examiningthesimilaritiesbetweentwopoliticalmovements

D.explainingwhyhistoricalconclusionsshouldberevisedaccordingtolaterrevelations

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段的內(nèi)容，二十世紀五十年代，美國社會思想家將民粹主義的陰暗面和反共產(chǎn)主義運動進行相提并論和比較，說明是有共同之處的，選項C符合題意。

2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段，羅金對李普塞特、福伊爾和希爾斯的方法論進行了驗證，最嚴厲的批評是，二者都沒有對自己的觀點給出證據(jù)。選項B符合題意。

3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，羅金的總結(jié)是，麥卡錫主義不應該被判定為科學的產(chǎn)物，而是一種保守政治理論。選項B符合題意。

4.主旨題。作者首先提出了麥卡錫主義和民粹主義理論，接著提出羅金對他們方法論做出了驗證，最后表明將麥卡錫主義比作民粹主義的理論不應被判定為科學的產(chǎn)物，而是一種政治領域的探索。選項D符合題意。

18.單選題

TheForeignMinistryholdsweeklypressconferencesto（）reporters（）thelatestdevelopmentindiplomacy.

問題1選項

A.confer...upon

B.burden...with

C.fill...inon

D.adjust...to

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配辨析。fillsB.inon為固定搭配,意為"詳細告訴某人"。句意：外交部每周舉行新聞發(fā)布會,詳細向記者介紹外交的最新發(fā)展。選項C符合句意。

19.翻譯題

Inthelate1960sintegratedcircuit,tinytransistorsandotherelectricalcomponentsarrangedonasinglechipofsilicon(硅),replacedindividualtransistorsincomputers.Integratedcircuitsbecameminiaturized(使小型化),enablingmorecomponentstobedesignedintoasinglecomputercircuit.

【答案】20世紀60年代末，安裝在一塊硅片上的集成電路、微型晶體管和其他電子元件取代了計算機中的單個晶體管。集成電路小型化使人們將更多組件設計成一個單一的計算機電路。

20.單選題

Asitturnedouttobeasmallhouseparty,we（）soformally.

問題1選項

A.needn’tdressup

B.didnotneeddressup

C.didnotneedhavedressedup

D.needn’thavedressedup

【答案】D

【解析】句意：原來是一個小型的家庭聚會，我們本沒有必要穿得那么正式。Need的否定形式為needn’t，所以首先排除選項B和C。needn’thavedone表示不需要做某事卻做了。所以選項D正確。

21.單選題

Wepreferthattheplan（

）