考研考博-英語-威海職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-威海職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

都市寸土千金，地價(jià)炒得越來越高，今后將更高。擁有一個(gè)小小花園的希望，對(duì)尋常之輩不啻一種奢望，一種夢想。

我想，其實(shí)誰都有一個(gè)小小的花園，這便是我們的內(nèi)心世界。人的智力需開發(fā)，人的內(nèi)心世界也是需要開發(fā)的，人和動(dòng)物的區(qū)別，除了眾所周知的諸多方面，恐怕還在于人有內(nèi)心世界，心不過是人的一個(gè)重要臟器，而內(nèi)心世界是一種景觀，它是由外部世界不斷作用于內(nèi)心漸漸形成的，每個(gè)人都無比關(guān)注自己及至親至愛之人心臟的健損，以至于稍有微疾便惶惶不可終日。但并非每個(gè)人都關(guān)注自己及至親至愛人的內(nèi)心世界的陰晴。

【答案】參考譯文：

Urbanspaceishighlyratedandthepricekeepssoaring.Thehopeforasmallgardenisluxuryforthecommonpeople.

However,Ithinkeveryonehasasmallgardenwithinourminds.Ourintelligenceneeddevelopment,sodoourinnerworld.Thedifferencebetweenhumansandanimals,inadditiontothewell-knownaspects,liesinourinnerworlds.Thephysicallyheartisonlyanimportantorganofhumanbeings,whiletheinnerworldisakindoflandscape,whichisgraduallyformedbythecontinuousactionoftheouterforces.Everyoneisextremelyconcernedaboutthehealthoflovedone’sheart,sothataslightdiseasewillmakehimanxiousalldaylong.Butnoteveryonepaysattentiontotheinnerworldoftheirbeloved.

2.單選題

Thecompanyhas（

）itsoperationsinStamfordbyopeninganewbranchofficethere.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.enlarged

B.expanded

C.extended

D.contracted

【答案】B

【解析】句意:通過開設(shè)分公司，這家公司擴(kuò)大了其在斯坦福德的運(yùn)營規(guī)模。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的過去分詞形式。Enlarge使增大，擴(kuò)展（主要指面積或體積等的擴(kuò)大）;expand擴(kuò)張,使膨脹（指范圍、程度、體積和尺寸等方面的擴(kuò)大或增加）;extend延伸，擴(kuò)大，推廣（指時(shí)間或空間的延長）;contract訂約,使縮短。由關(guān)鍵詞operations可知這里指擴(kuò)大運(yùn)營規(guī)模。故選B。

3.翻譯題

HealthyFood

Anactivelifestyleandahealthy,fish-richdietarenotonlygoodforyourheart,theymayalsohelptacklethememorylossassociatedwitholdage,twoleadingneuroscientistssaidonWednesday.

Aspeoplelivelonger,findingwaysofhaltingthedeclineinmentalagilityisbecomingincreasinglyimportant,saidProfessorIanRobertson,directoroftheInstituteofNeuroscienceatTrinityCollegeDublin.

“Thebiggestthreattobeingabletofunctionwellandproperlyisourbrains,”hetoldjournalists.

“Thereisverystrongevidence,particularlyintheover-50s,thatthedegreetowhichyoumaintainyourmentalfacultiesdependsonahandfulofquitesimpleenvironmentalfactors,”hesaid.

Thosewhoremainedphysicallyfit,avoidedhighstresslevelsandenjoyedarichandvariedsociallifearebetterequippedtostayalertastheyage.Mentalstimulation,learningnewthingsandsimplythinkingyoungalsohelp.

【答案】健康的食物

美國兩位著名的神經(jīng)科學(xué)家于本周三稱，積極的生活方式，健康的、富含魚類的飲食不僅對(duì)心臟有好處，還有助于解決因年老而導(dǎo)致的記憶喪失問題。

都柏林三一學(xué)院神經(jīng)科學(xué)研究所主任伊恩?羅伯遜教授說，隨著人類的壽命越來越長，尋找能夠阻止人類思維敏捷度下降的方法正變得越來越重要。

他告訴記者：“對(duì)身體機(jī)能正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的最大威脅是我們的大腦?！?/p>

他說：“有強(qiáng)有力的證據(jù)表明，一個(gè)人能否保持良好的智力水平取決于一些非常簡單的環(huán)境因素，對(duì)那些50歲以上的人來說尤其如此?！?/p>

那些身體健康、能避免高壓力、享受豐富多彩的社交生活的人，在他們上了年紀(jì)后，頭腦會(huì)更清醒。精神刺激、學(xué)習(xí)新事物和保持年輕的心態(tài)也有幫助。

4.單選題

CampaigningontheIndianfrontierisanexperiencebyitself.Neitherthelandscapenorthepeoplefindtheircounterpartsinanyotherportionoftheglobe.Valleywallsrisesteeplyfiveorsixthousandfeetoneveryside.Thecolumnscrawlthroughamazeofgiantcorridorsdownwhichfiercesnow-fedtorrentsfoamunderskiesofbrass.Amidthesescenesofsavagebrilliancytheredwellsaracewhosequalitiesseemtoharmonizewiththeirenvironment.Exceptatharvesttime，whenself-preservationrequiresatemporarytruce,thePathantribesarealwaysengagedinprivateorpublicwar.Everymanisawarrior,apoliticianandatheologian.Everylargehouseisarealfeudalfortressmade,itistrue,onlyofsunbakedclay，butwithbattlements,turrets,loopholes，drawbridges,etc.Everyvillagehasitsdefence.Everyfamilycultivatesitsvendetta;everyclan，itsfeud.Thenumeroustribesandcombinationsoftribesallhavetheiraccountstosettlewithoneanother.Nothingiseverforgotten,andveryfewdebtsareleftunpaid.Forthepurposesofsociallife,inadditiontotheconventionaboutharvest-time,amostelaboratecodeofhonourhasbeenestablishedandisonthewholefaithfullyobserved.Amanwhoknewitandobserveditfaultlesslymightpassunarmedfromoneendofthefrontiertoanother.Theslightesttechnicalslipwould,however，befatal.ThelifeofthePathanisthusfullofinterest;andhisvalleys,nourishedalikebyendlesssunshineandabundantwater,arefertileenoughtoyieldwithlittlelabourthemodestmaterialrequirementsofasparsepopulation.

Intothishappyworldthenineteenthcenturybroughttwonewfacts:therifleandtheBritishGovernment.Thefirstwasanenormousluxuryandblessing;thesecond,anunmitigatednuisance.TheconvenienceoftheriflewasnowheremoreappreciatedthanintheIndianhighlands.Aweaponwhichwouldkillwithaccuracyatfifteenhundredyardsopenedawholenewvistaofdelightstoeveryfamilyorclanwhichcouldacquireit.Onecouldactuallyremaininone’sownhouseandfireatone’sneighbournearlyamileaway.Onecouldlieinwaitonsomehighcrag，andathithertounheardofrangeshitahorsemanfarbelow.Evenvillagescouldfireateachotherwithoutthetroubleofgoingfarfromhome.Fabulouspriceswerethereforeofferedforthesegloriousproductsofscience.RiflethievesscouredallIndiatoreinforcetheeffortsofthehonestsmuggler.Asteadyflowofthecovetedweaponsspreaditsgenialinfluencethroughoutthefrontier,andtherespectwhichthePathantribesmenentertainedforChristiancivilizationwasvastlyenhanced.

TheactionoftheBritishGovernmentontheotherhandwasentirelyunsatisfactory.Thegreatorganizing，advancing,absorbingpowertothesouthwardseemedtobelittlebetterthanamonstrousspoil-sport.IfthePathanmadeforaysintotheplains,notonlyweretheydrivenback(whichafterallwasnomorethanfair)，butawholeseriesofsubsequentinterferencestookplace,followedatintervalsbyexpeditionswhichtoiledlaboriouslythroughthevalleys,scoldingthetribesmenandexactingfinesforanydamagewhichtheyhaddone.Noonewouldhavemindedtheseexpeditionsiftheyhadsimplycome,hadafightandthengoneawayagain.Inmanycasesthiswastheirpracticeunderwhatwascalledthe“butcherandboltpolicy”towhichtheGovernmentofIndialongadhered.Buttowardstheendofthenineteenthcenturytheseintrudersbegantomakeroadsthroughmanyofthevalleys,andinparticularthegreatroadtoChitral.Theysoughttoensurethesafetyoftheseroadsbythreats,byfortsandbysubsidies.Therewasnoobjectiontothelastmethodsofarasitwent.Butthewholeofthistendencytoroad-makingwasregardedbythePathanswithprofounddistaste.Allalongtheroadpeoplewereexpectedtokeepquiet,nottoshootoneanother,andaboveallnottoshootattravellersalongtheroad.Itwastoomuchtoask,andawholeseriesofquarrelstooktheiroriginfromthissource.

1.Theworddebtsin“veryfewdebtsareleftunpaid”inthefirstparagraphmeans_______.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthegeographicalfactsabouttheIndianfrontier?

3.Accordingtothepassage,thePathanswelcomed_________.

4.BuildingroadsbytheBritish__________.

5.Asuitabletitleforthepassagewouldbe________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.loans

B.accounts

C.killings

D.bargains

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Meltingsnows.

B.Largepopulation.

C.Steephillsides.

D.Fertilevalleys.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theintroductionoftherifle

B.thespreadofBritishrule

C.theextensionofluxuries

D.thespreadoftrade

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.putanendtoawholeseriesofquarrels

B.preventedthePathansfromcarryingonfeuds

C.lessenedthesubsidiespaidtothePathans

D.gavethePathansamuchquieterlife

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.CampaigningontheIndianFrontier

B.WhythePathansResentedtheBritishRule

C.ThePopularityofRiflesamongthePathans

D.ThePathansatWar

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.詞義題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Everyvillagehasitsdefence.Everyfamilycultivatesitsvendetta;everyclan，itsfeud.Thenumeroustribesandcombinationsoftribesallhavetheiraccountstosettlewithoneanother.Nothingiseverforgotten,andveryfewdebtsareleftunpaid.”，可知每座村莊都設(shè)有自己的防衛(wèi)。每個(gè)家族都有自己的仇恨，每個(gè)部落都有宿仇。無數(shù)部落和部落聯(lián)合體都有自己的理由與其他部落清算。人們不會(huì)忘記任何事情，并且有仇必報(bào)。所以這里的債務(wù)是指宿仇和仇殺。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句，“…arefertileenoughtoyieldwithlittlelabourthemodestmaterialrequirementsofasparsepopulation…”，可知土地豐饒，只要些許勞作就足以供養(yǎng)稀少人口的物質(zhì)需求。所以人口并不多。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“…convenienceoftheriflewasnowheremoreappreciatedthanintheIndianhighlands.Aweaponwhichwouldkillwithaccuracyatfifteenhundredyardsopenedawholenewvistaofdelightstoeveryfamilyorclanwhichcouldacquireit.”，可知步槍的便捷受到了前所未有的歡迎。這個(gè)在1500碼遠(yuǎn)的地方可精確殺死對(duì)手的武器給每一個(gè)能擁有它的家庭或家族帶來了新的希望。所以帕坦人是歡迎步槍這種武器的引入的。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“Theysoughttoensurethesafetyoftheseroadsbythreats,byfortsandbysubsidies.”，他們通過威脅恐嚇、堡壘、補(bǔ)助等方式來確保這些道路的安全。所以沒有減少補(bǔ)貼，可排除選項(xiàng)C。根據(jù)文章第三段，“Allalongtheroadpeoplewereexpectedtokeepquiet,nottoshootoneanother,”可知英國政府要求沿路周圍的人們保持安靜，不許相互射殺，所以帕坦部落并沒有過著安靜的生活，可排除選項(xiàng)D。根據(jù)文章第三段最后一句，“Itwastoomuchtoask,andawholeseriesofquarrelstooktheiroriginfromthissource.”，可知一切斗爭都源于這些道路的修建，一系列的爭吵并沒有結(jié)束，排除選項(xiàng)A。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.主旨題?？v觀全文，第一段主要介紹了印度邊境的環(huán)境和活動(dòng)，第二段提到了步槍引入到帕坦部落，并且受到了歡迎，第三段提到了帕坦部落人對(duì)英國政府的不滿，并且講到了帕坦部落對(duì)英國政府的修路意圖尤其憎恨，這也是一切斗爭的根源。由此可見，本文主要介紹了帕坦部落的生活環(huán)境，對(duì)步槍的喜愛以及對(duì)英國政府的憎惡等各方面的內(nèi)容。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.單選題

Change—ortheabilitytoadaptoneselftoachangingenvironment—isessentialtoevolution.Thefarmerwhoselandisrequiredforhousingorindustrymustadapthimself.Hecanmovetoanotherplaceandmastertheproblemspeculiartoit;hecanchangehisoccupation,perhapsafteraperiodoftraining;orhecanstarvetodeath.Anationwhichcannotadaptitstradeordefenserequirementstomeetworldconditionsfaceseconomicormilitarydisaster.Nothingisfixedandpermanentlystable.Theremustbemovementforward,whichisprogressofasort,ormovementbackward,whichisdecayanddeterioration.

Inthiscontext,traditioncanbeaforceforgoodorforevil.Aslongasitoffersaguide(withoutinsistingthatitspathistheonlyone),ithelpstheignorantandtheuninformedtotakeastepforward,andthereby,toadaptthemselvestochangedcircumstances.Tradition,orcustom,canguidethehunteraseffectivelyasitcaninfluencethenervoushostess.Butifwemakeanidol(偶像、崇拜)oftradition,itceasestobecomeaguideandbecomesanobstaclelyingacrossthepathofchangeandprogress.Ifweinsistontryingtoplotthefuturebythepast,weclearlyhandicapourselvesandinvitefailure.Thebettercourseistoacceptthehelpwhichtraditioncangivebut,realizingthatitnecessarilyhasitsrootsinthepast,tobewellawareofitslimitationsinachangingworld.

1.Theauthormaintainsthatifwewanttogetalongwiththeworld(

).

2.Thefarmer'scaseinPara.1isgivenasanexampleof(

)

.

3.“Thehunterandthenervoushostess”inPara.2arereferringtopeoplewho()

4.Theauthorwarnsusthat（）

5.Thispassagemanlydiscussestherelationshipbetween（）

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.industrymustbedevelopedattheexpenseoffarmland

B.farmersmusttrytogetsomejobtraining

C.tradeanddefenseareessential

D.changeisindispensable

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thetrendofeconomicdevelopment

B.thecourseofhumanevolution

C.theneedofadaptability

D.theimportanceofsocialchange

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.areignorantanduninformed

B.arewellawareofcustom'slimitations

C.becomeanobstacleonthepathofprogress

D.constitutetheforceforgood

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.itismisleadingtoaccepttraditionasaguide

B.excessivedevotiontotraditionmaybringustroubles

C.wemustaccepttheguidancetraditionoffersus

D.traditionisobstaclelyingonthepathofchange

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.industryandagriculture

B.eviltraditionandgoodtradition

C.manandthechangingworld

D.traditionandchange

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段的尾句可知,作者一直在強(qiáng)調(diào)change。所以選項(xiàng)D改變是必不可少的為正確答案。選項(xiàng)A和C在文章中沒有提及,選項(xiàng)D包含了選項(xiàng)B。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段農(nóng)民的例子是為了說明“Thefarmerwhoselandisrequiredforhousingorindustrymustadapthimself.”所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段的第二句“ithelpstheignorantandtheuninformedtotakeastepforward,andthereby,toadaptthemselvestochangedcircumstances.”所以選A符合原文。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容作者認(rèn)為傳統(tǒng)有好也有壞,所以選項(xiàng)A和D錯(cuò)誤,選項(xiàng)C中must太絕對(duì),并不是所有傳統(tǒng)的向?qū)Ф际钦_的。選項(xiàng)B過度的推崇傳統(tǒng)可能會(huì)給我們帶來麻煩,所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

5.主旨大意題。文章第一段主要是講change,第二段主要是講tradition,所以文章主要討論的是傳統(tǒng)和變革的關(guān)系。

6.單選題

WhydoestheFoundationconcentrateitssupportonbasicratherthanappliedresearch?Basicresearchistheveryheartofscience,anditscumulativeproductisthecapitalofscientificprogress,acapitalthatmustbeconstantlyincreasedasthedemandsuponitrise.Thegoalofbasicresearchisunderstandingforitsownsake.Understandingofthestructureoftheatomorthenervecell,thecausesofearthquakesanddroughts,orofmanasabehavingcreatureandofthesocialforcesthatarecreatedwhenevertwoormorehumanbeingscomeintocontactwithoneanother—thescopeisstaggering,butthecommitmenttotruthisthesame.Ifthecommitmentweretoaparticularresult,conflictingevidencemightbeoverlookedor,withthebestwillintheworld,simplynotappreciated.Moreover,thepracticalapplicationsofbasicresearchfrequentlycannotbeanticipated.WhenRoentgen,thephysicist,discoveredX-ray,hehadnoideaoftheirusefulnesstomedicine.

Appliedresearch,undertakentosolvespecificpracticalproblems,hasanimmediateattractivenessbecausetheresultscanbeseenandenjoyed.Forpracticalreasons,thesumsspentonappliedresearchinanycountryalwaysfarexceedthoseforbasicresearch,andtheproportionsaremoreunequalinthelessdevelopedcountries.Leavingasidethefundsdevotedtoresearchbyindustry—whichisnaturallyfarmoreconcernedwithappliedaspectsbecausetheseincreaseprofitsquickly—thefundstheU.S.Governmentallotstobasicresearchcurrentlymounttoabout7percentofitsover-allresearchanddevelopmentfunds.Unlessadequatesafeguardsareprovided,appliedresearchinvariablytendstodriveoutbasic.Then,asDr.Watermanhaspointedout,“Developmentswillinevitablybeundertakenprematurely,careerincentiveswillgravitatestronglytowardappliedscience,andtheopportunitiesformakingmajorscientificdiscoverieswillbelost.Unfortunately,pressurestoemphasizenewdevelopments,withoutcorrespondingemphasisuponpurescience…tendtodegradethequalityofthenation’stechnologyinthelongrun,ratherthantoimproveit.”

1.Thetitlebelowthatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis________.

2.Industryisprimarilyinterestedinappliedresearchbecauseit________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheImportanceofBasicResearch

B.Roentgen’sIgnoranceofX-rays

C.TheAttractivenessofAppliedResearch

D.BasicResearchvs.AppliedResearch

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.providesbetterunderstanding

B.offersimmediateprofit

C.drivesoutbasicresearch

D.solvespracticalproblems

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。

1.首尾段核心句

首段第一句提出問題：WhydoestheFoundationconcentrateitssupportonbasicratherthanappliedresearch?（為什么基金會(huì)集中支持基礎(chǔ)研究而不是應(yīng)用研究？），具體介紹基礎(chǔ)研究。尾段第一句Appliedresearch,undertakentosolvespecificpracticalproblems,hasanimmediateattractivenessbecausetheresultscanbeseenandenjoyed.（應(yīng)用研究是為了解決具體的實(shí)際問題而進(jìn)行的，它具有吸引力，因?yàn)榭梢灾苯涌吹胶拖硎艹晒＃?，具體講述應(yīng)用研究。這篇文章分別介紹了這兩種研究并且進(jìn)行對(duì)比，由此推斷本文的主旨是“基礎(chǔ)研究與應(yīng)用研究”。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.分析文章的行文結(jié)構(gòu)

本文的行文邏輯是“A—B”，分別講述基礎(chǔ)研究和應(yīng)用研究，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

排除干擾項(xiàng)

A選項(xiàng)“基礎(chǔ)研究的重要性”：基礎(chǔ)研究僅僅是第一段的內(nèi)容，不足以概括全文，屬于以偏概全。

B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)X射線的不了解”：關(guān)鍵詞X-rays對(duì)應(yīng)第一段最后一句discoveredX-ray,hehadnoideaoftheirusefulnesstomedicine，這個(gè)例子用來支持上一句thepracticalapplicationsofbasicresearchfrequentlycannotbeanticipated（往往無法預(yù)料基礎(chǔ)研究的實(shí)際應(yīng)用），不足以概括全文，屬于以偏概全。

C選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)用研究的吸引力”：這里只總結(jié)了第二段，也屬于以偏概全。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

精確定位

根據(jù)題干定位到第二段第三句Leavingasidethefundsdevotedtoresearchbyindustry—whichisnaturallyfarmoreconcernedwithappliedaspectsbecausetheseincreaseprofitsquickly（撇開用于工業(yè)研究的資金不談——工業(yè)研究自然更關(guān)心應(yīng)用方面，因?yàn)檫@些能迅速帶來利益），可知工業(yè)界因?yàn)閼?yīng)用研究帶來的好處而關(guān)注它，B選項(xiàng)“立刻帶來利益”正確。

排除干擾項(xiàng)

A選項(xiàng)“幫助更好地理解”：根據(jù)第一段第三句Thegoalofbasicresearchisunderstandingforitsownsake.（基礎(chǔ)研究的目標(biāo)是為了理解而理解。），可知這指的是基礎(chǔ)研究而不是應(yīng)用研究，屬于張冠李戴。

C選項(xiàng)“排斥基礎(chǔ)研究”：根據(jù)第二段第五句Unlessadequatesafeguardsareprovided,appliedresearchinvariablytendstodriveoutbasic.（除非提供充分的保障措施，應(yīng)用研究往往會(huì)排斥基礎(chǔ)研究。），這里指出的是基礎(chǔ)研究和應(yīng)用研究的關(guān)系，沒有解釋題干的原因，屬于偷換概念。

D選項(xiàng)“解決實(shí)際問題”：根據(jù)第二段第一句Appliedresearch,undertakentosolvespecificpracticalproblems,hasanimmediateattractiveness（應(yīng)用研究是為了解決具體的實(shí)際問題而進(jìn)行的，它具有直接的吸引力），這里講的是應(yīng)用研究的目的，也就是吸引研究人員的原因，并不等工業(yè)界喜歡應(yīng)用研究的原因，屬于偷換概念。

7.翻譯題

人類文明——任何形式的人類文明，都可以說是一種大的信息系統(tǒng)。第一個(gè)階段是語言，有了語言才能共同占有經(jīng)驗(yàn)，才能集體記憶，才能集體積累知識(shí)。然后便是記寫，記寫提供了一種不太容易消失的、更容易傳遞的記憶形式。之后便出現(xiàn)了印刷，從而使信息傳播大大增加。

現(xiàn)代電子學(xué)正在為我們提供嶄新而功能更強(qiáng)的方法，來收集、加工、處理和傳遞。正是這種發(fā)展的一個(gè)非凡特征，才使得能力的巨大提高卻沒有給能源或稀少的材料造成負(fù)擔(dān)。相反，設(shè)備變得越來越小，甚至在同樣的工作性能情況下，價(jià)格越來越便宜。只需要看袖珍計(jì)算器，微型計(jì)算機(jī)，電子表和電子游戲機(jī)，便可知道確實(shí)是如此。

【答案】Itcanbesaidthatanyformofhumancivilizationisalargeinformationsystem.Thefirststageislanguage.Onlywithlanguagecanweshareexperienceandhavecollectivememoryaswellasaccumulateknowledgecollectively.Thesecondstepistowritedown.Writinghasofferedaformofmemorythatislesslikelytodisappearandmoreeasilytransmitted.Thenprintinggreatlyhasincreasedthedisseminationofinformation.

Modernelectronicsisprovidinguswithnewandmorepowerfulwaystocollect,process,processanddeliver.Itisaremarkablefeatureofthisdevelopmentthatgreatlyincreasesabilitywithoutposingburdenonenergyorscarcematerials.Rather,devicesaregettingsmallerandevencheaperunderthesameperformanceconditions,whichisprovedbypocketcalculator,microcomputer,electronicwatchandelectronicgamemachine.

8.單選題

Didhetellyouwhat______ifhehadchance?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.washegoingtodo

B.hewoulddo

C.hehaddone

D.hehadtodo

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：他有沒有告訴你如果有機(jī)會(huì)他會(huì)怎么做？What到句尾是賓語從句，其中if引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。根據(jù)if引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句采用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，確定do的動(dòng)作有過去的含義；根據(jù)語境可知是在將來做do的動(dòng)作，確定do的動(dòng)作有將來的含義，所以用過去將來時(shí)，B選項(xiàng)hewoulddo符合題意。A選項(xiàng)washegoingtodo語序錯(cuò)誤，was應(yīng)該在he后面。C選項(xiàng)hehaddone和D選項(xiàng)hehadtodo時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Asenseofsmellissomethingwearebornwith.Orisit?

Untilrecentlyscientistsbelievedthatthecommonsenseviewwaswrong:researchhadsuggestedthatwelearntodistinguishbetweenpleasantandunpleasantsmellsbyexperience.Fromearlyexperimentsthatinvolvedaskingchildrenbetweenthreeandfiveyearsoldwhattheythoughtofcertainsmells,researchersconcludedthatchildrenmustlearntheirappreciationofpleasantandunpleasantsmellsastheygetolder,ratherthanbeingbornwithit.Oneofthemostsurprisingresultsofthesetestswasthatthechildrensaidtheylikedthesmelloffaecesnearlyasoftenastheysaidtheylikedbanana.

PsychologistHilarySchmidtunderstandablyfoundthisresearchhardtoaccept.Shelookedatthewaythetestswereconducted,andappliedlessonsfromotherworkonchildpsychologytodesignherownexperiments.Shenotedthatchildrenyoungerthanfivewilloftenanswer‘Yes’toleadingquestionseveniftheanswersarecontradictory.Shethereforedecidedtosetherexperimentupasagame.SheaskedthechildreniftheywouldgiveaparticularsmellythingtoOscartheGrouch,apopulartelevisioncharacterwholivesinadustbinandlikes‘smelly’things,ortoBigBird,anothertelevisioncharacterwholikes‘nice’things.Shefoundthatthechildrendistinguishedbetweenpleasantandunpleasantsmellsinmuchthesamewayasanadult.Withthehelpofyoungerandyoungersubjects,shehopestoshedlightontheimportanceoftheinheritedcomponentofthesense.

Childrenyoungerthansevenoreightarenotoriouslybadatrecognizingwhatanobjectisfromitsshapealone.Schmidtpointstoanexperimentshehascarriedoutwithchildrenunderfivewhoweregivenalargestyrofoamballandasmall,butheavy,leadballtocompare.Aftertheyhadachancetofeelthetwo,shetooktheballsaway,andshowedthemanotherpairofStyrofoamandleadball.Whensheaskedthemwhichofthetwowouldbetheheavier,theyinvariablypointedtotheStyrofoamballjustbecauseitwasbigger.Despitetheirearlierexperience,theyhadnotgraspedtheideaofwhatanobjectismadeof—itssubstance—aswellassizeandshape.Butinotherexperimentswhensheintroducedodors,shefoundthatchildrenunderfiveunderstoodthatsmellwasanimportantcharacteristicofsubstance,andchildrencoulduseascenttorecognizesubstanceirrespectiveoftheshapeorsizeinwhichitwaspresentedtothem.

Schmidthasalsofoundthatgirlsaremoresensitivetosmellthanboys.Thesexdifferenceiswellknowninadults,butnotinchildren.Explainingthedifferenceinadultshascenteredonthesuggestionthatasgirlsgetolder,theytendtotakepartinactivitiessuchascooking,whichtrainthemtodistinguishbetweensmells.Anothersuggestionwasthatafterpuberty,femalehormonesbringaboutsomechangeintheolfactoryequipment.ButSchmidt’sobservationsthatthesexdifferenceexistsinchildrendoesnotfitinwitheitherexplanation.

31.Accordingtothetext,itiswell-knownthatoursenseofsmellis______.

32.WhichwouldHilarySchmidtmostprobablyagreeto?

33.Schmidt’sstyrofoamandleadballexperimentshowsthatyoungerchildren______.

34.Theword“subjects”(Para.3)mostprobablymeans______.

35.Fromthelastsentenceofthetext,wecaninferthatSchmidtmay______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.acquired

B.trained

C.inherent

D.tested

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thecontradictoryanswersofchildrenarehardtounderstand.

B.Childreninagamehaveaquickerresponsetopromptingquestions.

C.Youngerchildrenhaveastrongersenseofsmellthanolderones.

D.Inexperimentschildren’sanswersmaysometimesbeunreliable.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.relyonearlierexperiencesinjudginganobject

B.areinsensitivetosize,weightandshape

C.cannotrecognizethesizeofstyrofoamballs

D.canunderstandwhattheballismadeof

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.pupils

B.adults

C.children

D.researchers

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.overthrowtheexistingtheoriesconcerningthesexdifferenceinsmelling

B.supportthesecondexplanationthathormonesplayarole

C.thinkthatmaturegirlsarelesssensitivetosmellsthanchildren

D.agreethatchildren’ssensitivitytosmellisnurtured

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】31.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

31.Accordingtothetext,itiswell-knownthatoursenseofsmellis______.31.根據(jù)文章，眾所周知，我們的嗅覺是______。

A.acquiredA.后天習(xí)得的

B.trainedB.訓(xùn)練出來的

C.inherentC.與生俱來的

D.testedD.被測試的

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段第一句“研究表明，我們通過經(jīng)驗(yàn)（byexperience）學(xué)會(huì)區(qū)分令人愉悅的和令人不快的氣味”，從中我們可知，嗅覺是后天通過經(jīng)驗(yàn)獲得的。所以，A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)沒有提到，屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)與文章相反，屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)只是實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容，屬于出處錯(cuò)位。

32.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

32.WhichwouldHilarySchmidtmostprobablyagreeto?32.希拉里?施密特最有可能同意哪一個(gè)？

A.Thecontradictoryanswersofchildrenarehardtounderstand.A.孩子們相互矛盾的回答讓人難以理解。

B.Childreninagamehaveaquickerresponsetopromptingquestions.B.游戲中的孩子對(duì)提示性問題的反應(yīng)更快。

C.Youngerchildrenhaveastrongersenseofsmellthanolderones.C.小一點(diǎn)的孩子的嗅覺比大一點(diǎn)的孩子強(qiáng)。

D.Inexperimentschildren’sanswersmaysometimesbeunreliable.D.在實(shí)驗(yàn)中，孩子們的答案有時(shí)是不可靠的。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第三段第三句“她指出，五歲以下的孩子通常會(huì)回答‘是’，即使答案是矛盾的”，從中可知，即便答案可能是矛盾的，孩子們?cè)诨卮饡r(shí)通常都會(huì)回答“是”，從而推斷，孩子們的答案并不是可靠的。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)定位第三段第一句“心理學(xué)家希拉里?施密特認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)研究難以接受是可以理解的（understandably）”可知，該項(xiàng)與原文相反，屬于反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)沒有提到，屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)在文中并沒有進(jìn)行比較，屬于無中生有。

33.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

33.Schmidt’sstyrofoamandleadballexperimentshowsthatyoungerchildren______.33.施密特的泡沫塑料和鉛球?qū)嶒?yàn)表明，更小的孩子______。

A.relyonearlierexperiencesinjudginganobjectA.在判斷物體時(shí)依賴于早期的經(jīng)驗(yàn)

B.areinsensitivetosize,weightandshapeB.對(duì)大小、重量和形狀不敏感

C.cannotrecognizethesizeofstyrofoamballsC.無法識(shí)別聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料球的大小

D.canunderstandwhattheballismadeofD.能夠理解球是由什么制成的

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第四段倒數(shù)第二句“盡管他們有過早期的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，但他們并不了解物體是由什么物質(zhì)構(gòu)成的，也不了解物體的大小和形狀”，從中我們可知，施密特的泡沫塑料和鉛球?qū)嶒?yàn)表明，更小的孩子在判斷物體時(shí)對(duì)物體的大小、重量和形狀都不了解。因此，B項(xiàng)最符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)中的早期經(jīng)驗(yàn)并不是孩子們判斷物體的依據(jù)，屬于曲解原文；

C選項(xiàng)不全面，屬于以偏概全；

D選項(xiàng)不符合原文，屬于反向干擾。

34.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

34.Theword“subjects”(Para.3)mostprobablymeans______.34.第三段的subjects一詞最有可能的意思是______。

A.pupilsA.小學(xué)生

B.adultsB.成年人

C.childrenC.孩子

D.researchersD.研究員

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】首先，根據(jù)題干定位到第三段最后一句“在越來越年輕的研究對(duì)象的幫助下，她希望闡明嗅覺的遺傳成分的重要性”，結(jié)合上一句“她發(fā)現(xiàn)，孩子們能像成年人一樣區(qū)分好聞和壞聞”，從中我們可知，這項(xiàng)研究的對(duì)象是children；綜合理解，第三段的subjects指的就是孩子。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)文中沒提到，屬于無中生有；

B、D選項(xiàng)并不符合原文，屬于曲解原文。

35.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

35.Fromthelastsentenceofthetext,wecaninferthatSchmidtmay______.35.從文章的最后一句話，我們可以推斷施密特可能______。

A.overthrowtheexistingtheoriesconcerningthesexdifferenceinsmellingA.推翻了現(xiàn)有的關(guān)于性別差異的嗅覺理論

B.supportthesecondexplanationthathormonesplayaroleB.支持荷爾蒙起作用的第二種解釋

C.thinkthatmaturegirlsarelesssensitivetosmellsthanchildrenC.認(rèn)為成熟的女孩對(duì)氣味的敏感性不如兒童

D.agreethatchildren’ssensitivitytosmellisnurturedD.同意兒童嗅覺的敏感度是后天培養(yǎng)的

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】首先，定位至文章最后一句“但施密特關(guān)于兒童存在性別差異的觀察并不符合這兩種解釋”，其中的兩種解釋是指上文提到的關(guān)于性別差異對(duì)于嗅覺敏感度的影響在兒童中并不明顯的原因：一種認(rèn)為女孩參加諸如烹飪之類的活動(dòng)可以訓(xùn)練她們分辨氣味；另一種認(rèn)為女性荷爾蒙會(huì)使嗅覺器官發(fā)生一些變化。綜合理解可知，施密特對(duì)于兒童性別差異的觀察研究推翻了女孩比男孩對(duì)氣味更敏感這兩種解釋，A選項(xiàng)意思與之相近。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B、C選項(xiàng)與原文不符，屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)與該段沒有聯(lián)系，屬于出處錯(cuò)位。

10.單選題

Whatmightdrivingonanautomatedhighwaybelike?Theanswerdependsonwhatkindofsystemisultimatelyadopted.Twodistincttypesareonthedrawingboard.Thefirstisaspecial-purposelanesystem,inwhichcertainlanesarereservedforautomatedvehicles.Thesecondisamixedtrafficsystem:fullyautomatedvehicleswouldsharetheroadwithpartiallyautomatedormanualdrivencars.Aspecial-purposelanesystemwouldrequiremoreextensivephysicalmodificationstoexistinghighways,butitpromisesthegreatestgainsinfreewaycapacity.

Undereitherscheme,thedriverwouldspecifythedesireddestination,furnishingthisinformationtoacomputerinthecaratthebeginningofthetriporperhapsjustbeforereachingtheautomatedhighway.Ifamixedtrafficsystemwaywasinplace,automateddrivingcouldbeginwheneverthedriverwasonsuitablyequippedroads.Ifspecialpurposelaneswereavailable,thecarcouldenterthemandjoinexistingtrafficintwodifferentways.Onemethodwoulduseaspecialonramp.

Asthedriverapproachedthepointofentryforthehighway,devicesinstalledontheroadsidewouldelectronicallycheckthevehicletodetermineitsdestinationandtoascertainthatithadtheproperautomationequipmentingoodworkingorder.Assumingitpassedsuchtests,thedriverwouldthenbeguidedthroughagateandtowardanautomatedlane.Inthiscase,thetransitionfrommanualtoautomatedcontrolwouldtakeplaceontheentranceramp.Analternativetechniquecouldemployconventionallanes,whichwouldbesharedbyautomatedandregularvehicles.Thedriverwouldsteerontothehighwayandmoveinnormalfashiontoa“transition”lane.Thevehiclewouldthenshiftundercomputercontrolontoalanereservedforautomatedtraffic.(Thelimitationofthe