考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南寧職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南寧職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Theoldladyhasdevelopeda（

）coughwhichcannotbecuredcompletelyinashorttime.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.perpetual

B.permanent

C.chronic

D.sustained

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。perpetual意為“永久地”；permanent意為“永恒的，不變的”；chronic意為“慢性的”；sustained意為“持久的，持續(xù)的”。

句意：這位老太太得了一種慢性咳嗽，不能在短時(shí)間內(nèi)徹底治愈。

2.單選題

Nearlyeleventhousandpeoplehavebeenarrestedfordefyingthebanonstreettrading.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.criticizing

B.neglecting

C.blaming

D.disclosing

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。defy（其現(xiàn)在分詞為defying）“違抗，反對(duì)；藐視；不顧”；A選項(xiàng)criticize（其現(xiàn)在分詞為criticizing）“批評(píng)；評(píng)論”；B選項(xiàng)neglect（其現(xiàn)在分詞為neglecting）“疏忽，故意忽視”；C選項(xiàng)blame（其現(xiàn)在分詞blaming）“責(zé)備；歸咎于”；D選項(xiàng)disclose（其現(xiàn)在分詞為disclosing）“公開；揭露”。句意：近1.1萬(wàn)人因藐視街頭交易禁令而被捕。根據(jù)句中“arrested逮捕”與“thebanonstreettrading街頭交易禁令”可知defy在這里應(yīng)表示一種故意忽視，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.翻譯題

PossessionforitsownsakeorincompetitionwiththerestoftheneighborhoodwouldhavebeenThoreau’sideaofthelowlevels.Theactivedisciplineofheighteningone’sperceptionofwhatisenduringinnaturewouldhavebeenhisideaofthehigh.Whathesavedfromthelowwastimeandefforthecouldspendonthehigh.Thoreaucertainlydisapprovedofstarvation,buthewouldputintofeedinghimselfonlyasmucheffortaswouldkeephimfunctioningformoreimportantefforts.Effortisthegistofit.Thereisnohappinessexceptaswetakeonlife-engagingdifficulties.Shortoftheimpossible，asYeatsputit,thesatisfactionwegetfromalifetimedependsonhowhighwechooseourdifficulties.RobertFrostwasthinkinginsomethinglikethesametermswhenhespokeof“Thepleasureoftakingpains”.Themortalflawintheadvertisedversionofhappinessisinthefactthatitpurportstobeeffortless.

Wedemanddifficultyeveninourgames.Wedemanditbecausewithoutdifficultytherecanbenogame.Agameisawayofmakingsomethinghardforthefunofit.Therulesofthegameareanarbitraryimpositionofdifficulty.Whensomeoneruinsthefun,healwaysdoessobyrefusingtoplaybytheroles.Itiseasiertowinatchessifyouarefree,atyourpleasure,tochangethewhollyarbitraryroles,butthefunisinwinningwithintherules.Nodifficulty,nofun.

【答案】努力是關(guān)鍵。只有當(dāng)我們坦然面對(duì)人生中的困苦，才有幸?？裳浴Ｕ缛~芝所言，除去某些不可能的情形，我們于人生中所獲取的滿足取決于我們?cè)诙喔叩木辰缰羞x擇我們所愿意面對(duì)的艱難困苦。羅伯特?弗羅斯特談到“以苦為樂(lè)”時(shí)，應(yīng)該也是這種想法。廣告中宣傳的幸福觀的致命缺點(diǎn)便是它試圖宣傳幸福唾手可得。

我們即使玩游戲也會(huì)有困難。我們之所以需要它，是因?yàn)闆](méi)有困難便沒(méi)有游戲可言。游戲便是讓其中的樂(lè)趣沒(méi)有那么容易得到。游戲的規(guī)則便是將苦難武斷地強(qiáng)加于人。當(dāng)有人破壞了這些樂(lè)趣，也意味著他總是會(huì)拒絕遵守游戲規(guī)則。下棋時(shí)，如果你隨心所欲地去更改規(guī)則，這樣很容易贏。但是游戲的樂(lè)趣就在于能夠在遵守規(guī)則的前提下贏。如果沒(méi)有困難，也就沒(méi)有樂(lè)趣可言。

4.單選題

FrustratedwithdelaysinSacramento,BayAreaofficialssaidThursdaytheyplannedtotakemattersintotheirownhandstoregulatetheregion’sgrowingpileofelectronictrash.

ASanJosecouncilwomanandaSanFranciscosupervisorsaidtheywouldproposelocalinitiativesaimedatcontrollingelectronicwasteiftheCalifornialaw-makingbodyfailstoactontwobillsstalledintheAssembly.TheyareamongagrowingnumberofCaliforniacitiesandcountiesthathaveexpressedthesameintention.

Environmentalistsandlocalgovernmentsareincreasinglyconcernedaboutthetoxichazardposedbyoldelectronicdevicesandthecostofsafelyrecyclingthoseproducts.Anestimated6milliontelevisionsandcomputersarestockedinCaliforniahomes,andanadditional6,000to7,000computersbecomeoutdatedeveryday.Themachinescontainhighlevelsofleadandotherhazardoussubstances,andarealreadybannedfromCalifornialandfills.

LegislationbySenatorByronSherwouldrequireconsumerstopayarecyclingfeeofupto$30oneverynewmachinecontainingacathode(陰極)raytube.Usedinalmostallvideomonitorsandtelevisions,thosedevicescontainfourtoeightpoundsofleadeach.Thefeeswouldgotowardsettinguprecyclingprograms,providinggrantstonon-profitagenciesthatreusethetubesandrewardingmanufacturersthatencouragerecycling.

AseparatebillbyLosAngeles-areaSenatorGloriaRomerowouldrequirehigh-techmanufacturerstodevelopprogramstorecycleso-callede-waste.

Ifpassed,themeasureswouldputCaliforniaattheforefrontofnationaleffortstomanagetherefuseoftheelectronicage.

Buthigh-techgroups,includingtheSiliconValleyManufacturingGroupandtheAmericanElectronicsAssociation,opposethemeasures,arguingthatfeesofupto$30willdriveconsumerstoonline,out-of-stateretailers.

“Whatreallyneedstooccurisconsumereducation.Mostconsumersareunawarethey’renotsupposedtothrowcomputersinthetrash,”saidRoxanneGould,vicepresidentofgovernmentrelationsfortheelectronicsassociation.

Computerrecyclingshouldbealocaleffortandpartofresidentialwastecollectionprograms,sheadded.

Recyclingelectronicwasteisadangerousandspecializedmatter,andenvironmentalistsmaintainthestatemustsupportrecyclingeffortsandensurethatthejobisn’tcontractedtounscrupulous(毫無(wú)顧忌的)junkdealerswhosendthetoxicpartsoverseas.

“Thegraveyardofthehigh-techrevolutionisendingupinruralChina.”saidTedSmith,directoroftheSiliconValleyToxicsCoalition.HisgroupispushingforanamendmenttoSher’sbillthatwouldpreventtheexportofe-waste.

66.WhatstepwereBayAreaofficialsgoingtotakeregardinge-wastedisposal?

67.ThetwobillsstalledintheCaliforniaAssemblybothconcern______.

68.Consumersarenotsupposedtothrowusedcomputersinthetrashbecause______.

69.High-techgroupsbelievethatifanextra$30ischargedoneveryTVorcomputerpurchasedinCalifornia,consumerswill______.

70.WelearnfromthepassagethatmuchofCalifornia’selectronicwastehasbeen______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Exertpressureonmanufacturersofelectronicdevices.

B.Laydownrelevantlocalregulationsthemselves.

C.LobbythelawmakersoftheCaliforniaAssembly.

D.Rallysupporttopassthestalledbills.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.regulationsondumpinghazardoussubstancesintolandfills

B.thesaleofusedelectronicdevicestoforeigncountries

C.thefundingoflocalinitiativestoreuseelectronictrash

D.thereprocessingofthehugeamountsofelectronicwasteinthestate

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.theycontainlargeamountsofharmfulsubstances

B.thisisbannedbytheCaliforniagovernment

C.somepartsmayberecycledforuseelsewhere

D.unscrupulousdealerswillretrievethemforprofit

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.abandononlineshopping

B.buythemfromotherstates

C.stronglyprotestagainstsuchacharge

D.hesitatetoupgradetheircomputers

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.collectedbynon-profitagencies

B.dumpedintolocallandfills

C.exportedtoforeigncountries

D.recycledbycomputermanufacturers

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】66.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。題干意思是“舊金山海灣區(qū)的官員將采取什么措施處理電子垃圾？”。文章第一段BayAreaofficialssaidThursdaytheyplannedtotakemattersintotheirownhandstoregulatetheregion’sgrowingpileofelectronictrash.（海灣地區(qū)的官員周四表示，他們計(jì)劃自行處理此事，以管理該地區(qū)越來(lái)越多的電子垃圾）和第二段theywouldproposelocalinitiativesaimedatcontrollingelectronicwasteiftheCalifornialaw-makingbodyfailstoactontwobillsstalledintheAssembly（如果加州立法機(jī)構(gòu)不能對(duì)國(guó)會(huì)擱置的兩項(xiàng)法案采取行動(dòng)，他們將提出旨在控制電子垃圾的地方倡議），由此可推斷，舊金山海灣區(qū)的官員將制定地方法規(guī)來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)電子垃圾，故B項(xiàng)“自行制定相關(guān)的地方法規(guī)”正確。A項(xiàng)“對(duì)電子設(shè)備制造商施加壓力”在第五段有提及，這是洛杉磯地區(qū)官員提出的；C項(xiàng)“游說(shuō)加州議會(huì)的立法者”沒(méi)有提到；D項(xiàng)“爭(zhēng)取支持通過(guò)停滯的法案”這是舊金山海灣區(qū)的官員要求加州立法機(jī)構(gòu)做的，而不是他們將采取的措施。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

67.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。題干意思是“在加州議會(huì)擱置的兩項(xiàng)法案都與……有關(guān)”。第二段提到如果加州沒(méi)有通過(guò)擱置的兩個(gè)有關(guān)電子垃圾處理的法案，當(dāng)?shù)卣嘘P(guān)人員會(huì)自己采取措施，接著第三段就講到了Environmentalistsandlocalgovernmentsareincreasinglyconcernedaboutthetoxichazardposedbyoldelectronicdevicesandthecostofsafelyrecyclingthoseproducts.（環(huán)保人士和地方政府越來(lái)越關(guān)注舊電子設(shè)備造成的有毒危害，以及安全回收這些產(chǎn)品的成本），由此推測(cè)，加州擱置的這兩個(gè)法案都是關(guān)于電子垃圾的回收再利用的問(wèn)題，故D項(xiàng)“對(duì)該州大量電子垃圾的再處理”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“向垃圾填埋場(chǎng)傾倒有害物質(zhì)的規(guī)定”，這只是用來(lái)例證回收再利用電子垃圾的重要性；B項(xiàng)“向國(guó)外銷售二手電子設(shè)備”和C項(xiàng)“為當(dāng)?shù)鼗厥针娮永某h提供資金”不屬于擱置的兩項(xiàng)法案，這只是倡議。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

68.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。題干意思是“消費(fèi)者不應(yīng)該把用過(guò)的電腦扔進(jìn)垃圾桶，因?yàn)椤?。根?jù)第三段最后一句Themachinescontainhighlevelsofleadandotherhazardoussubstances,andarealreadybannedfromCalifornialandfills.（這些機(jī)器含有高濃度的鉛和其他有害物質(zhì)，已經(jīng)被加州的垃圾填埋場(chǎng)禁止使用）可推斷，因?yàn)閺U舊的電子產(chǎn)品含有很多有害物質(zhì)，所以消費(fèi)者不應(yīng)該隨意丟到垃圾桶里面，故A項(xiàng)“它們含有大量的有害物質(zhì)”符合題意。B項(xiàng)“這是加州政府禁止的”，文章并沒(méi)明確提及這是政府禁止的；C項(xiàng)“一些零件可能被回收在其他地方使用”，這是鼓勵(lì)回收的原因；D項(xiàng)“不道德的交易商會(huì)把它們回收用來(lái)牟利”是回收電子產(chǎn)品中可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題，不符合題干。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

69.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“一些高科技組織認(rèn)為，如果在加州購(gòu)買的每臺(tái)電視或電腦多收30美元，消費(fèi)者將會(huì)……”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第七段Buthigh-techgroups,includingtheSiliconValleyManufacturingGroupandtheAmericanElectronicsAssociation,opposethemeasures,arguingthatfeesofupto$30willdriveconsumerstoonline,out-of-stateretailers.（但包括硅谷制造集團(tuán)和美國(guó)電子協(xié)會(huì)在內(nèi)的高科技集團(tuán)反對(duì)這些措施，稱高達(dá)30美元的費(fèi)用將促使消費(fèi)者轉(zhuǎn)向州外的在線零售商），由此可知，如果在加州購(gòu)買的每臺(tái)電視或電腦多收30美元，消費(fèi)者將會(huì)從其他州購(gòu)買，故B項(xiàng)“從其他州購(gòu)買”正確。A項(xiàng)“放棄網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物”，文中提到消費(fèi)者會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)向州外的在線零售商，A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；C項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)這一收費(fèi)規(guī)定”和D項(xiàng)“猶豫升級(jí)他們的電腦”都沒(méi)有提到。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

70.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。題干意思是“我們從這篇文章中了解到，加州的大部分電子垃圾已經(jīng)……”。最后一段提到Thegraveyardofthehigh-techrevolutionisendingupinruralChina.（高科技革命的墓地正在中國(guó)農(nóng)村結(jié)束），這是一種隱含的說(shuō)法，意思就是類似處理電子垃圾這類的高科技革命最后因?yàn)檫@些垃圾出口到中國(guó)而以失敗告終；結(jié)合最后一句HisgroupispushingforanamendmenttoSher’sbillthatwouldpreventtheexportofe-waste.（他的組織正在推動(dòng)對(duì)謝爾法案的一項(xiàng)修正案，該法案將阻止電子垃圾的出口）可知C項(xiàng)“出口國(guó)外”正確。A項(xiàng)“由非牟利機(jī)構(gòu)收取”和D項(xiàng)“電腦制造商回收”都只是提出來(lái)的建議，文中沒(méi)有提到這些措施到底有沒(méi)有實(shí)施；B項(xiàng)“被扔進(jìn)當(dāng)?shù)氐睦盥駡?chǎng)”錯(cuò)誤。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Itisnotforbiddentodreamofbuildingabetterworld,whichisbyandlargewhatthesocialsciencestrytohelpustodo.Howtomakecitiesmoreharmonious,reducecrimerates,improvewelfare,overcomeracism,increaseourwealth—thisisthestuffofsocialsciences.Thetroubleisthatthefindingsofsocialsciencesareoftendismissedasbeingtootheoretical,tooambitiousortoounpalatable.Themethodsofresearcharealsooftenattackedfortheirlackofrigor,andcriticsarequicktopointoutthatthepeoplewhomaketheimportantdecisionspaylittleattentiontowhatsocialscientistshavetosayanyway.Thiswouldchangeifthesocialsciencesmadethemselvesmorerelevantandreadyforthesocietyofthe21stcentury.

Socialsciencesbegantotakeshapeinthe19thcentury,butcameintotheirownatthebeginningofthe20thcentury,whenanumberofwell-establisheddisciplines,includingeconomics,sociology,politicalscience,historyandanthropologyreallymadetheirmark.Geographyandpsychologycouldbeaddedtothatlist.However,onlysociology,politicalscienceandeconomicshavesucceededinconsolidatingtheirpositioninthesocialsciencesmainstream.Theotherswerevirtuallyallmarginalized.Moreover,powerfulinstitutionalbarriersnowseparatethevariousdisciplines.

Hardlytherightatmosphereinwhichtogrowanddealwiththeharshcriticismwhichthesocialscienceshavecomeinforfrommanyquarters,includinggovernmentsandinternationalcommissions.Radicalmeasuresarenowbeingsuggestedtoturnthingsround,fromhowtoawarduniversitychairs,tosettingsyllabiandraisingfunds.

Theneedforde-compartmentalizingandstrikinganeworderintherelationshipbetweenthedisciplinesconcernsallofthesocialsciences,thoughperhapseconomicsmostofall.Onlyithasacquiredadominantpositioninmanagementandpublicaffairs.Somewouldsayithasfallenundertheswayof“unitarythinking”,withlittleroomfordebate,forexample,onthequestionofdebtreductionormonetarytightness.Moreover,manypeopledonotbelievethateconomicscienceformspartofsocialsciencesatall.Thisisasomewhatproblematicpositiontouphold,particularlyaseconomicdevelopmentsarelargelydeterminedbypolitical,socialandculturalfactors.Yet,economistsoftenhavedifficultyunderstandingortakingsuchfactorsintoaccount.Thishaslefteconomicsexposedtoattack,forexample,overitsprescriptionsfordevelopmentanditsanalysisofevents,suchasthecausesoftheAsiancrisis.Tomany,economicsreliestooheavilyonhypotheticalandsometimesunrealisticassumptions.

Cansocialsciencesbouncebackandassertthemselvesinthe21stcentury?Wewillprobablynotbeabletotellforafewdecades,sincethewaysinwhichsocietiesanalyzethemselvesdevelopveryslowly.Afterall,thesocialsciencesarerarelygiventosuddendiscoveriesandheadlinebreakthroughslikesomeothersciences.Whatismore,socialsciencesmaycontinuetofacethestoutresistanceofestablishedinstitutionsdefendingtheirownterritoryandopposinginnovationandchange.Coulditbethatsociety,whichbydefinitionseeksstability,hasanin-builtresistancetowardsindulginginanyformofself-analysis?Fewpeoplehaveanappetiteforhardtruth.Butperhapsintheinformationageandinthedematerializedeconomyoftheknowledgeworld,allthatcouldchange.Perhapssocietywilldiscoverapressingneedtoknowitselfmuchbetter,ifonlytosurvive.Socialscienceswillthenhaveadifferentstatus.

1.Thesocialsciencesarecriticizedfor____.

2.Theexpression“cameintotheirown”means____.

3.Theadviceoftheauthoristhatthesocialsciencesneedto____.

4.Amongthesocialsciences,economics,theauthormaintains____.

5.Thesocialscience,intheauthor’sopinion,____.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theirresearchmethodsandtheirresults

B.theirresearchmethods,theirresultsandtheirirrelevancy

C.theiremphasisonsocialissues

D.beingEmilydismissed

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.tookascendancyoverotherdisciplines

B.becameimportantintheirownright

C.developedtheirownparticularsetofproblems

D.developedfromotherdisciplinesbutbranchedout

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.reducesegmentation

B.createanewstrength

C.reducethedebateaboutthesocialsciences

D.doalloftheabove

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.shouldnotberegardedaspartofthesocialsciences

B.countenancesdebate

C.iscrucialforrationalandcomprehensivesolutions

D.isespeciallylimited

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.addressthehopesandfearsofhumans

B.oftenhavefindingsopposedtogovernmentorganizations

C.offerunpalatableadvice

D.maybedescribedbyalloftheabove

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thesocialsciencesarecriticizedfor____.社會(huì)科學(xué)因____而被批評(píng)。

A.theirresearchmethodsandtheirresultsA.它們的研究方法和研究結(jié)果

B.theirresearchmethods,theirresultsandtheirirrelevancyB.它們的研究方法、研究結(jié)果以及它們的不相干性

C.theiremphasisonsocialissuesC.它們對(duì)社會(huì)問(wèn)題的強(qiáng)調(diào)

D.beingstronglydismissedD.完全不被理會(huì)

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞arecriticizedfor定位到原文第一段。本段第三句提到“問(wèn)題在于，社會(huì)科學(xué)的發(fā)現(xiàn)（thefindings）往往被認(rèn)為太理論化、太雄心勃勃或太令人不快而不予理會(huì)?！钡谒木涮岬健把芯糠椒ǎ═hemethods）也經(jīng)常因?yàn)椴粔驀?yán)謹(jǐn)而受到攻擊。”第四、五句提到“做出重要決定的人很少關(guān)注社會(huì)科學(xué)家的觀點(diǎn)。如果社會(huì)科學(xué)能讓自己更貼近21世紀(jì)的社會(huì)，并做好準(zhǔn)備，這種情況就會(huì)改變?！庇纱丝芍?，社會(huì)科學(xué)常常因其研究發(fā)現(xiàn)、研究方法，以及不貼近社會(huì)實(shí)際而被批評(píng)。因此，B選項(xiàng)“它們的研究方法、研究結(jié)果以及它們的不相干性”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“它們的研究方法和研究結(jié)果”，忽略了“不貼近社會(huì)實(shí)際”，該選項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全；

C選項(xiàng)“它們對(duì)社會(huì)問(wèn)題的強(qiáng)調(diào)”，原文雖然提到了社會(huì)問(wèn)題是社會(huì)科學(xué)的研究?jī)?nèi)容，但是這并不是社會(huì)科學(xué)被批評(píng)的原因，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

D選項(xiàng)“完全不被理會(huì)”，原文雖然提到社會(huì)科學(xué)的發(fā)現(xiàn)經(jīng)常不被理會(huì)，但“不被理會(huì)”并不是社會(huì)科學(xué)被批評(píng)的原因，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

第2題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Theexpression“cameintotheirown”means____.短語(yǔ)“cameintotheirown”的意思是____。

A.tookascendancyoverotherdisciplinesA.凌駕于其他學(xué)科之上

B.becameimportantintheirownrightB.自己本身變得很重要

C.developedtheirownparticularsetofproblemsC.形成了它們自己的一系列問(wèn)題

D.developedfromotherdisciplinesbutbranchedoutD.從其他學(xué)科發(fā)展而來(lái)，但發(fā)展了分支

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】詞匯推測(cè)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞cameintotheirown定位到原文第二段第一句，該句提到“社會(huì)科學(xué)在19世紀(jì)初具規(guī)模，但在20世紀(jì)初才_(tái)___，當(dāng)時(shí)包括經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、社會(huì)學(xué)、政治學(xué)、歷史學(xué)和人類學(xué)在內(nèi)的一些成熟學(xué)科真正取得了成就（reallymadetheirmark）?！庇纱丝芍?，根據(jù)事情的發(fā)展邏輯，社會(huì)科學(xué)在19世紀(jì)初具規(guī)模之后，到20世紀(jì)真正發(fā)展起來(lái)。后文“經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、社會(huì)學(xué)、政治學(xué)、歷史學(xué)和人類學(xué)”這些都是社會(huì)科學(xué)，根據(jù)“真正取得了成就”可以推測(cè)，社會(huì)科學(xué)變得重要了，另外，cameintotheirown的本義是“成為它們自己”。因此，B選項(xiàng)“自己本身變得很重要”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“凌駕于其他學(xué)科之上”，原文并未將社會(huì)科學(xué)和其他學(xué)科進(jìn)行比較，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“形成了它們自己的一系列問(wèn)題”，原文講的是社會(huì)科學(xué)的發(fā)展，而不是“問(wèn)題”，該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

D選項(xiàng)“從其他學(xué)科發(fā)展而來(lái)，但發(fā)展了分支”，原文提到的都是社會(huì)科學(xué)的內(nèi)容，沒(méi)有其他學(xué)科，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

第3題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Theadviceoftheauthoristhatthesocialsciencesneedto____.作者的建議是社會(huì)科學(xué)需要____。

A.reducesegmentationA.減少分割

B.createanewstrengthB.創(chuàng)造新的優(yōu)勢(shì)

C.reducethedebateaboutthesocialsciencesC.減少關(guān)于社會(huì)科學(xué)的爭(zhēng)論

D.doalloftheaboveD.以上都是

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Theadviceoftheauthor定位到原文第四段第一句，該句提到“打破學(xué)科間的分界，建立學(xué)科間關(guān)系的新秩序（de-compartmentalizingandstrikinganeworderintherelationshipbetweenthedisciplines）的需要關(guān)系到所有的社會(huì)科學(xué)”，由此可知，作者認(rèn)為社會(huì)科學(xué)需要對(duì)體系內(nèi)的各個(gè)學(xué)科之間的關(guān)系進(jìn)行整合并建立新的秩序，因此，A選項(xiàng)“減少分割”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)造新的優(yōu)勢(shì)”，原文只是提到整合各個(gè)學(xué)科以創(chuàng)造新的秩序，并沒(méi)有說(shuō)創(chuàng)造新的優(yōu)勢(shì)，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“減少關(guān)于社會(huì)科學(xué)的爭(zhēng)論”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“以上都是”，B、C選項(xiàng)都不是。

第4題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Amongthesocialsciences,economics,theauthormaintains____.在社會(huì)科學(xué)中，作者認(rèn)為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)____。

A.shouldnotberegardedaspartofthesocialsciencesA.不應(yīng)該被視為社會(huì)科學(xué)的一部分

B.countenancesdebateB.支持辯論

C.iscrucialforrationalandcomprehensivesolutionsC.對(duì)于理性和全面的解決方案至關(guān)重要

D.isespeciallylimitedD.非常有限

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞economics定位到原文第四段。本段第一句提到“打破學(xué)科間的分界，建立學(xué)科間關(guān)系新秩序的需要關(guān)系到所有的社會(huì)科學(xué)，盡管經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)也許是其中最重要的（economicsmostofall）?！庇纱丝芍?，作者認(rèn)為社會(huì)科學(xué)中，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)是最需要被整合并融入新秩序的。第四段第三句提到“有些人會(huì)說(shuō)，它已經(jīng)受到‘統(tǒng)一思維’的影響，沒(méi)有多少辯論的空間，例如，在債務(wù)削減或貨幣緊縮的問(wèn)題上?！?，根據(jù)文章的行文邏輯，作者是不支持該觀點(diǎn)的，即作者認(rèn)為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)也有可辯論的空間，B選項(xiàng)“支持辯論”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“不應(yīng)該被視為社會(huì)科學(xué)的一部分”，可定位到原文第四段第四、五句，這兩句提到“許多人（manypeople）根本不相信經(jīng)濟(jì)科學(xué)是社會(huì)科學(xué)的一部分。堅(jiān)持這一立場(chǎng)多少有些問(wèn)題?！庇纱丝芍?，該選項(xiàng)是許多人的觀點(diǎn)，而作者并不認(rèn)同這一觀點(diǎn)。因此，這并不是作者的觀點(diǎn)，該選項(xiàng)屬于張冠李戴；

C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)于理性而全面的解決方案至關(guān)重要”，原文并未提及理性而全面的解決方案，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“非常有限”，可定位到原文第四段第四、五句，在這兩句作者表達(dá)了不同意經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)不是社會(huì)科學(xué)的觀點(diǎn)，因?yàn)椤敖?jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展在很大程度上取決于政治、社會(huì)和文化因素”，由此可知，作者認(rèn)為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的研究是非常廣泛的，不是有限的，該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。

第5題:【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thesocialscience,intheauthor’sopinion,____.作者認(rèn)為社會(huì)科學(xué)____。

A.addressthehopesandfearsofhumansA.處理人類的希望和擔(dān)心的事

B.oftenhavefindingsopposedtogovernmentorganizationsB.經(jīng)常有與政府組織相反的發(fā)現(xiàn)

C.offerunpalatableadviceC.提出令人不快的建議

D.maybedescribedbyalloftheaboveD.以上都是

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】A選項(xiàng)“處理人類的希望和擔(dān)心的事”可定位到原文第一段第二句，該句提到“如何讓城市更和諧，降低犯罪率，改善福利，克服種族主義，增加財(cái)富——這是社會(huì)科學(xué)的內(nèi)容?！薄胺缸锖头N族主義”是人們擔(dān)心的事，“讓城市更和諧，改善福利，增加財(cái)富”是人類希望實(shí)現(xiàn)的事；B選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)常有與政府組織相反的發(fā)現(xiàn)”可定位到原文第五段第四句，該句提到“社會(huì)科學(xué)可能會(huì)繼續(xù)面臨現(xiàn)有組織的頑強(qiáng)抵抗（facethestoutresistanceofestablishedinstitutions），捍衛(wèi)自己的領(lǐng)域，反對(duì)創(chuàng)新和變化?！庇纱丝芍?，社會(huì)科學(xué)的發(fā)現(xiàn)容易受到現(xiàn)有社會(huì)組織的抵觸，據(jù)此推測(cè)，社會(huì)科學(xué)的發(fā)現(xiàn)可能與現(xiàn)有組織的利益相反。C選項(xiàng)“提出令人不快的建議”可定位到原文第一段第三句，該句提到“社會(huì)科學(xué)的發(fā)現(xiàn)往往被忽略，因?yàn)樘碚摶⑻磺袑?shí)際或者太令人不快（toounpalatable）?！庇纱丝芍?，社會(huì)科學(xué)的有些發(fā)現(xiàn)是令人不快的。綜上所述，A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都符合原文，因此，D選項(xiàng)“以上都是”為最佳答案。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全。

6.單選題

Historiansshareonefundamental（）thatwecanlearnfromthemistakesofourpast.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.assumption

B.supposition

C.ideology

D.ethos

【答案】C

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。assumption“假設(shè)”;supposition“推測(cè)”;ideology“意識(shí)形態(tài)，思想體系”;ethos“民族精神”。句意：歷史學(xué)家有一個(gè)基本的思想體系，也就是從過(guò)去的錯(cuò)誤中汲取教訓(xùn)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

7.單選題

Theforemanreadthe（

）ofguiltyfourteentimes,oneforeachdefendant.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.prejudice

B.verification

C.verdict

D.punishment

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)prejudice“偏見(jiàn)，成見(jiàn)”；B選項(xiàng)verification“檢驗(yàn)，檢查，審核”；C選項(xiàng)verdict“（陪審團(tuán)的）裁定，裁決，（經(jīng)過(guò)檢驗(yàn)或認(rèn)真考慮后的）決定，結(jié)論”；D選項(xiàng)punishment“刑罰，懲罰”。由句中的guilty（有罪的）和defendant（被告）可知選C。句意：陪審團(tuán)主席宣讀了14遍有罪判決書，每個(gè)被告一份。

8.寫作題

Writeanessayonthegiventopic"OnUniversity".Basedonthefollowingoutline,presentyourargumentwithsupportingdetailsofnolessthan250words.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.

1.大學(xué)的功能

2.大學(xué)是否實(shí)現(xiàn)了目標(biāo)

3.如何改進(jìn)

【答案】OnUniversity

Itisaclearfactthatourcountryattachesgreatimportancetoeducationandtherearemuchmorestudentswhobecomeuniversityfreshmeneachyear.Althoughtheyhaveenteredintotheiridealsanctum,dotheyreallyknowabouttheuniversity?

Inmyopinion,universityisnotonlyaplaceofacquiringknowledgebutaplaceofgettingintegrateddevelopmentaswell.Auniversitystudentisonthebestphaseofforminghisowncharacteranddevelopinghisall-aroundcapacity.However,teachersintheclassstillkeeptotraditionalteachingmethod,whichhardlycreateakindofenvironmentwherestudentshavechancetoexpresstheirownthoughts.Inaddition,auniversitycanbedescribedasabridgebetweenstudentsandsociety.Ifitdoesn’tlinkthebothsides,ornotenough,oncestudentsstepintosociety,theymaybepuzzledbymanythingsandscarcelyknowhowtodealwiththem.Sohowtoimproveuniversityeducation?Weshouldinnovateuponteachingmethodonthebasisoftraditionalonesoastoletstudentshavemorechancestospeakouttheirownthinking.Wecanalsoholdasmalldiscussingmeetingtodealwiththerealproblemsfromsociety,thereforewhenstudentsgooutofthecampus,theywilladaptthemselvestothesocietyquickly.

Tosumup,nowadaysthemainproblemsexistinginuniversityeducationisthatmoststudentslackofabilitytothinkindependentlyandtodealwithcomplexthingsinoursociety.I’msuretheseproblemswillbesolvedaslongascorrectandeffectivemeasurescanbetaken.

9.單選題

Theultimategoalofthesuicidebomberistoforceareactiononthepartofthesoldierstargetedbytheattack,tomakethemseethecivilianpopulationaroundthemasapotentialenemy,andrespondaccordingly.Wheneveryciviliancarryawideattack,thenevensoldierswhoarenotnormallytrigger-happymaybegoadedbyfearintoharminginnocentpeople.Itisimportanttorealizethatstoppingthesuicideattackerbeforehe(orshe)commitshisattackisnexttoimpossible;hewillcertainlytrytodetonatehisexplosivesassoonasasoldierapproaches.

TheIsraeliarmyhasbeenforcedtodealwithsuicideattackersoverthepast20yearsinsouthernLebanon,aswellasmorerecentlyintheWestBankandGazastrip.TheIsraeliexperiencehasshownthattheonlyhopeofcounteringthisphenomenonliesinthwartingtheattackbeforetheattackersetsoutonhismission.

Thesuicidebomberisnotalone“crazy”actingoutofrage.Rather,heisthetipofanoperationalicebergconsistingofrecruiters,intelligencegatherers,bombmakers,andtrainers.

Alloftheseelementsarevulnerabletocounter-terroristoperations,providedthatonehasaccurateintelligenceandthemilitarycapabilitytoactdecisivelyagainstthem.

InIsraelsuchcounter-terroristoperationsoftentaketheformof“targetedkilling”operationsagainstthoseresponsibleforsendingthesuicidebomberonhismission.

However,iftheintelligenceneededtodothisislacking,itfallstodefensivemeasurestostoptheattack,oratleasttominimizethedamage.Roadblocks,check-points,andsurpriseinspectionscanhelpinlocatingthesuicideattackerandpreventinghimfromreachinghistarget.Precautionsmustbetakennottocreateeasytargetsforsuicideattacks,byavoidingtheconcentrationofsoldiersinoneplaceorhousingcommandcentersinmulti-storybuildings.

Indealingswiththecivilianpopulation,thepossibilityofboobytrapsmustbetakenintoaccount.Thussomeonewishingtosurrendershouldbecheckedfromadistancetoseethatheisnotcarryingexplosives.Vehiclesshouldbepreventedfromdirectlyenteringamilitarybaseorcheckpoint.Allservicesprovidedbymembersoftheindigenouspopulationshouldbesubjecttostringentsecuritychecks.

Themilitaryshouldalsobeawareofthepossibilityofmultiplesuicideattacks,whereexplosivesaredetonatedinsequenceinordertotargetfirstrespondersortoovercomeconsecutiveobstaclesinthewayofpenetrationofaprotectedspace.

Thepossibilityofsuicideoperationsonthemodernbattlefieldcomplicatesthemilitarycampaign,andrequiresawholedifferentmindsetfromthatneededforconventionalwarfare.Soldiersmustbemadeawareoftherisksandbereadytochangetheircollectivebehaviorinaccordancewiththechangingcircumstances,withoutplayingintotheenemy’shandsbytargetingthecivilianpopulation.

1.Thesuicidebombercommitssuicideto（）.

2.Fromthepassage,wecaninferthat（）.

3.Inpreventingtheoccurrenceofsuicideattacks,counter-terroristoperationrequires（）.

4.Whoisoftenthefirsttargetedkillingforthecounter-terroristoperations?

5.Themilitarymaywalkstraightintothebombers’trapifthey（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.killhimself/herselfonly

B.revengeonthesoldiers

C.makethesoldiersseethecivilianpopulationaroundthemasapotentialenemy,andrespondaccordingly

D.killsomeinnocentpeopleoutofrage

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thesuicidebombersarewellorganized

B.thesuicidebombersoftenactaloneandnobodyhelpthem

C.mostofthesuicidebomberscommittheirattacksoutofcrazymotivation

D.mostofthesuicidebombersaretrainedinsouthernLebanon

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.onewithaccurateintelligence

B.onewiththemilitarycapabilitytoactdecisively

C.onewhohastakeneveryprecautionnottocreateeasytargetsforsuicideattacks

D.alloftheabove

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thesuicidebomber.

B.Thesuicidebomber’sleaders.

C.Thesurrender.

D.Thebombmaker.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.greettheonewhowishestosurrenderwithcarefulchecks

B.arealertallthetime

C.allowvehiclestoenterdirectlyintoamilitarybaseorcheckpoint

D.putallservicesprovidedbymembersoftheindigenouspopulationunderstringentsecuritychecks

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第一段“Theultimategoalofthesuicidebomberistoforceareactiononthepartofthesoldierstargetedbytheattack,tomakethemseethecivilianpopulationaroundthemasapotentialenemy,andrespondaccordingly”可知，自殺式炸彈襲擊者的最終目標(biāo)是迫使被襲擊的士兵做出反應(yīng)，讓他們把周圍的平民視為潛在的敵人，并做出相應(yīng)的反應(yīng)。A項(xiàng)表示“只是自殺”；B項(xiàng)表示“報(bào)復(fù)士兵”；D項(xiàng)表示“出于泄憤而殺害一些無(wú)辜的人”，都與原文不符。因此，只有C項(xiàng)“讓士兵把周圍的平民視為潛在的敵人并相應(yīng)地做出反應(yīng)”符合原文表述，故本題正確答案為C項(xiàng)。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第三段“Thesuicidebomberisnotalone“crazy”actingoutofrage.Rather,heisthetipofanoperationalicebergconsistingofrecruiters,intelligencegatherers,bombmakers,andtrainers.”可知，自殺式炸彈襲擊不是出于憤怒而單獨(dú)行動(dòng)的“瘋狂”行為。相反，他只是由招聘者、情報(bào)收集員、炸彈制造者和訓(xùn)練人員構(gòu)成的操作團(tuán)體的冰山一角。由此可推測(cè)，自殺式炸彈襲擊者組織有序，故A項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)表示“自殺炸彈襲擊者經(jīng)常單獨(dú)行動(dòng)且沒(méi)人幫他們”；C項(xiàng)“大多數(shù)自殺炸彈襲擊者出于瘋狂的動(dòng)機(jī)而進(jìn)行襲擊”；D項(xiàng)表示“大多數(shù)自殺式炸彈襲擊者在黎巴嫩南部參加訓(xùn)練”。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第四段“Alloftheseelementsarevulnerabletocounter-terroristoperations,providedthatonehasaccurateintelligenceandthemilitarycapabilitytoactdecisivelyagainstthem”可知，假如國(guó)家有準(zhǔn)確的情報(bào)和軍事能力對(duì)與自殺式炸彈襲擊相關(guān)的人員采取果斷的行動(dòng)，那么這些相關(guān)人員就易受反恐行動(dòng)的攻擊。故A項(xiàng)“一個(gè)國(guó)家有準(zhǔn)確的情報(bào)”和B項(xiàng)“一個(gè)國(guó)家有果斷行動(dòng)的軍事能力”均正確。根據(jù)原文第六段“Precautionsmustbetakennottocreateeasytargetsforsuicideattacks”可知，一定要采取防范措施，以便不為自殺襲擊創(chuàng)造容易的目標(biāo)，故C項(xiàng)“一個(gè)國(guó)家已采取所有可能的防范措施，以便不為自殺襲擊創(chuàng)造容易的目標(biāo)”表述正確，因此，本題正確答案為D項(xiàng)“以上選項(xiàng)均正確”。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第五段“InIsraelsuchcounter-terroristoperationsoftentaketheformof“targetedkilling”operationsagainstthoseresponsibleforsendingthesuicidebomberonhismission”可知，在以色列，此類反恐行動(dòng)通常采取“定點(diǎn)清除”形式，打擊那些將自殺式炸彈襲擊者送上戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)的人，故B項(xiàng)“自殺炸彈襲擊者的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“自殺炸彈襲擊者”；C項(xiàng)“投降者”：D項(xiàng)“炸彈制造者”。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文倒數(shù)第三段“Indealingswiththecivilianpopulation,thepossibilityofboobytrapsmustbetakenintoaccount.…Vehiclesshouldbepreventedfromdirectlyenteringamilitarybaseorcheckpoint.”可知，在應(yīng)對(duì)平民時(shí)，一定要考慮陷阱。應(yīng)該阻止車輛直接進(jìn)入軍事基地或檢查站，故C項(xiàng)表述符合題干要求。A項(xiàng)“迎接在仔細(xì)檢查下想要投降的人”；B項(xiàng)“一直是警惕的”；D項(xiàng)“對(duì)本地居民提供的所有服務(wù)進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格的安全檢查”。

10.單選題

Iffacedandaccepted,failurecontributespersonalgrowthandoftenleadstoimprovedpersonalrelationships.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.facedandaccepted

B.contributes

C.leadsto

D.improved

【答案】D

【解析】考查介詞用法。to是不定式，后面的動(dòng)詞一般都要跟動(dòng)詞原形，而句子中的improved是過(guò)去分詞形式，并且leadtodosth.是固定用法。句意：如果面對(duì)并接受失敗，失敗有助于個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)，并常常導(dǎo)致改善人際關(guān)系。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

11.單選題

“I’venevermetahumanworthcloning,”sayscloningexpertMarkWesthusinfromhislabatTexasA&MUniversity.“It’sastupidendeavor.”That’saninterestingchoiceofadjective,comingfromamanwhohasspentmillionsofdollarstrying