考研考博-英語-天津生物工程職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-天津生物工程職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Compassionisagreatrespecterofjustice:wepitythosewhosuffer_____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.shamelessly

B.unwittingly

C.vicariously

D.undeservedly

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞辨析。D項(xiàng)“不應(yīng)得地，不當(dāng)?shù)亍薄項(xiàng)“不知羞恥地”，B項(xiàng)“不知情地”，C項(xiàng)“代別人感受地”。結(jié)合句意：同情是對(duì)正義的極大尊重，我們同情那些遭受的人，因此只有D項(xiàng)符合。

2.單選題

（

）foralongtime,thefieldsarealldriedup.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Therehasbeennorain

B.Havingnorain

C.Therehavingbeennorain

D.Therebeingnorain

【答案】C

【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。逗號(hào)后面的是一個(gè)完整的句子，所以前面應(yīng)該用非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)，再根據(jù)foralongtime可知要用到完成時(shí)，所以選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.單選題

Manywell-educatedpeopledon’tbelievethat（

）willendangerfreedomofspeech.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.censership

B.censureship

C.sensorship

D.censorship

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有選項(xiàng)D這個(gè)單詞是存在的，censorship“審查制度”。句意：很多受過良好教育的人認(rèn)為審查制度不會(huì)危及言論自由。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.單選題

Thecostsassociatedwithnaturaldisastersareincreasingrapidly.Asaresult,officialsingovernmentandindustryhavefocusedmoreattentionondisastersandtheireffects.TheWhiteHouseOfficeofScienceandTechnologyPolicyhasestimatedthatdisasterscostthecountryabout$1billionperweek.HurricaneAndrew,theMidwestfloodof1993,andtheHanshinearthquakehaveshownthatindividualdisasterscancosttensifnothundredsofbillionsofdollars.Thisincreasingcosthasresultedingreaterfundingfromgovernmentandindustryforthedevelopmentoftechnologiesrelatedtodisasterprediction,andhasledtomoreresearchintotheeffectiveuseofpredictiveinformation.

Theinsuranceindustryhaslongbeenawareofthedangersofnaturaldisasters;the1906earthquakeinSanFrancisco,California,bankruptedscoresofinsurancecompanies.Buttheindustryhasfocusedparticularattentionondisasterpredictioninrecentyears,asspiralingcostsrevealedthatmanycompanieshadunderestimatedtheirfinancialexposure.Forinstance,priortoHurricaneAndrewin1992,manyinsuranceexpertsthoughtthattheworsthurricanepossiblewoulddonomorethan$8billionindamagestotheindustry.ThedamagescausedbyHurricaneAndrew,estimatedatabout$17billion,shatteredthesebeliefs.Today,estimatesofworst-casedisasterscenariosapproach$100billion.

Theinsuranceindustryhasthereforeincreaseditssupportforresearchintodisasterprediction.OnesucheffortinvolvesanumberofcompaniesthathavejoinedtogethertosupporttheBermuda-basedRiskPredictionInitiative,whichfundsdisasterresearch.Theexpectationisthattheresultinginformationwillplacetheindustryonamoresolidfoundationtomakedecisionsabouttheriskoffuturedisasters.Theindustryhasalsolobbiedforthegovernmenttobearsomeofthefinancialburdenofdisasterinsurance.Suchaprogramalreadyexistsforfloodinsurance,setupinthelate1960sbythefederalgovernmenttoinsureflood-proneareas.Thesetypesofprograms,effectivelyimplemented,couldbeincreasinglynecessaryinthefuturetomakeinsuranceavailableinareaspronetodisasters.

Becausethestakesaresohigh,thescienceofdisasterpredictionhasabrightfuture.Thevariousprojectsandprogramsillustratethatdisasterpredictionisatopicofconcerntoscientistsandpolicymakersalike.Hurricanes,tornadoes,floods,earthquakes,tsunamis,andvolcanoesallshowthattheeffectiveuseofdisasterpredictionsnotonlyrequiresadvancedtechnologybutalsorequiresthatsocietyconsidertheentireprocessofprediction—forecasts,communication,anduseofinformation.Becausetheycannotpredictthefuturewithcertainty,andbecausemuchremainstobelearned,scientistswarnthatsocietymustunderstandthelimitsofscientificpredictionsandbepreparedtoemployalternatives.Wiselyused,however,disasterpredictionhasthepotentialtoreducesociety’svulnerabilitytonaturaldisasters.

1.Theresultoftheincreasingcostsinnaturaldisastersis（）.

2.ThedifferencebetweentheactuallosscausedbyHurricaneAndrewandthelossestimatedbyinsurancecompaniesbeforethehurricaneis（）.

3.Thepurposeofinsurancecompaniestosupportdisasterpredictionresearchisthat（）.

4.Theword“tsunamis”(Line3,Para.4)mostlikelyrefersto（）?

5.Thekeyfactortoreducesociety’svulnerabilitytonaturaldisastersis（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.greatlosssufferedbycommercialcompanies

B.government’sincreasedattentionondisaster

C.individual’sawarenesstonaturaldisasters

D.morefundstosupportthepredictionresearch

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.1billiondollars

B.8billiondollars

C.9billiondollars

D.17billiondollars

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.companieswanttomakemoneyfromtheinsuredplaces

B.companiesmaythushaveabetterideaofthefuturerisks

C.companiescangetmoresympathiesfromthegovernment

D.companiesintendtomakeuseofpeople’strustintheindustry

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.violentstormwithwhirlingwindsinthefunnel-shapedcloud

B.aseriesofhugeanddestructivewaves,usuallycausedbylargeearthquakesbeneaththeocean

C.mountainfromwhichlava,cinders,steam,gasesescapethroughopeningsintheearth’scrust

D.stormwithaviolentwind,esp.acycloneintheWestAtlantic

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.insurancecompaniesshouldbewiseenoughintheirestimatesoflosses

B.thegovernmentshouldbearsomeofthefinancialrisksofdisasterinsurance

C.thegeneralpublicshouldbemadefullyawareofthepossibledamages

D.technologyshouldbeimprovedandthreephasesofpredictionbeconsidered

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞theincreasingcost可以定位到原文首段“Thisincreasingcosthasresultedingreaterfundingfromgovernmentandindustryforthedevelopmentoftechnologiesrelatedtodisasterprediction,andhasledtomoreresearchintotheeffectiveuseofpredictiveinformation.”，中文翻譯為：這種不斷增加的損失已讓政府和企業(yè)為開發(fā)與災(zāi)難預(yù)測相關(guān)的技術(shù)提供了更多的資金，且已帶來對(duì)預(yù)測信息有效利用的更多研究。因此D選項(xiàng)“更多資金去支持預(yù)測研究”符合題意。

2.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Forinstance,priortoHurricaneAndrewin1992,manyinsuranceexpertsthoughtthattheworsthurricanepossiblewoulddonomorethan$8billionindamagestotheindustry.ThedamagescausedbyHurricaneAndrew,estimatedatabout$17billion,shatteredthesebeliefs.”，中文翻譯為：例如，在1992年安德魯颶風(fēng)發(fā)生前，很多保險(xiǎn)公司專家認(rèn)為工業(yè)可能的最嚴(yán)重?fù)p失將至多80億美元。而安德魯颶風(fēng)所造成的被估計(jì)大約為170億美元的損失卻打破了這些看法?？赏茢喑鯟項(xiàng)“90億美元”正確。

3.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章第三段“Theexpectationisthattheresultinginformationwillplacetheindustryonamoresolidfoundationtomakedecisionsabouttheriskoffuturedisasters.”，中文翻譯為：這種期望是，產(chǎn)生的消息將讓該行業(yè)（即保險(xiǎn)業(yè)）有更可靠的基礎(chǔ)去決策未來災(zāi)害的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。可知答案為B項(xiàng)“公司可能因此對(duì)未來風(fēng)險(xiǎn)有更好的了解”。

4.【試題解析】詞匯題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞tsunamis可以定位到文章第四段第三句話“Hurricanes,tornadoes,floods,earthquakes,tsunamis,andvolcanoesallshowthat…”，中文翻譯為：颶風(fēng)、龍卷風(fēng)、洪水、地震、海嘯和火山都表明了……可以判斷出該單詞為“海嘯”，因此B項(xiàng)“一系列巨大且破壞性的波浪，通常是海底大地震導(dǎo)致的”正確。

5.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到原文第四段第三句話“Hurricanes,tornadoes,floods,earthquakes,tsunamis,andvolcanoesallshowthattheeffectiveuseofdisasterpredictionsnotonlyrequiresadvancedtechnologybutalsorequiresthatsocietyconsidertheentireprocessofprediction―forecasts,communication,anduseofinformation.”，中文翻譯為：颶風(fēng)、龍卷風(fēng)、洪水、地震、海嘯和火山都表明，有效利用災(zāi)害預(yù)測不僅需要先進(jìn)的技術(shù)，而且需要社會(huì)考慮預(yù)測的整個(gè)過程——預(yù)測、通信和信息的使用?？芍鸢笧镈“應(yīng)該改進(jìn)技術(shù)，考慮預(yù)測的三個(gè)階段”。

5.單選題

PresidentBarackObamahasbeenexcoriatedfordeclaringthat“wedon'thaveastrategyyet”foreffectivelyconfrontingtheIslamicStategroup.IncriticizingObamafortakingtoomuchtime,MikeRogers,theRepublicanchairmanoftheHouseIntelligenceCommittee,told“FoxNewsSunday”that“this‘don’t-do-stupid-stuff”policyisn’tworking.”Thatsoundedoddtomyear—likeweshouldjustbombsomebody,evenifitisstupid.IfObamadidthat,whatwouldhebeignoring?

First,experience.After9/11thatsortof“fire,ready,aim”approachledGeorgeW.BushtoorderagroundwarinIraqwithoutsufficienttroopstocontrolthecountry,withoutatruegraspofIraq’sShiite-Sunnisectariandynamicsandwithoutanyrealizationthat,indestroyingtheSunniTalibanregimeinAfghanistanandtheSunniBaathistregimeinIraq,weweredestroyingbothofIran’smortalenemiesandtherebyopeningthewayforavastexpansionofIran’sregionalinfluence.Wewereinahurry,myselfincluded,tochangethingsafter9/11,andwhenyou’reinahurryyouignorecomplexitiesthatcomebacktohauntyoulater.

TherearenowordstodescribethevilenessofthevideobeheadingsoftwoU.S.journalistsbytheIslamicState,butIhavenodoubtthatthey'remeanttogetustooverreact,ala9/11,andrushoffagainwithoutastrategy.TheIslamicStateisawful,butitisnotathreattoAmerica’shomeland.

Second,thecontext.TodefeattheIslamicState,youhavetoaddressthecontextoutofwhichitemerged.AndthatisthethreecivilwarsragingintheArabworldtoday:thecivilwarwithinSunniIslambetweenradicaljihadistsandmoderatemainstreamSunniMuslimsandregimes;thecivilwaracrosstheregionbetweenSunnisfundedbySaudiArabiaandShiitesfundedbyIran;andthecivilwarbetweenSunnijihadistsandallotherminoritiesintheregion:Yazidis,Turkmen,Kurds,Christians,JewsandAlawites.

Whenyouhavearegionbesetbythatmanycivilwarsatonce,itmeansthereisnocenter,onlysides.Andwhenyouinterveneinthemiddleofaregionwithnocenter,youveryquicklybecomeaside.

TheIslamicStateemergedasanextremeexpressionofresentmentbyoneside:IraqiandSyrianSunniswhofeltcutoutofpowerandresourcesbythepro-IranianShiiteregimeinBaghdadandthepro-IranianAlawite/ShiiteregimeinDamascus.ThatiswhyObamakeepsinsistingthattheUnitedStates’militaryinterventionmustbeaccompanied,forstarters,byIraqisproducinganationalunitygovernment―ofmainstreamShiites,SunnisandKurds--soouruseofforcesupportspluralismandpower-sharing,notjustShiitepower.

Butpower-sharingdoesn’tcomeeasyinaregionwherekinshipandsectarianloyaltiesoverwhelmanysenseofsharedcitizenship.Withoutit,though,thedominantphilosophyiseither:“Iamstrong,whyshouldIcompromise?”or“Iamweak,howcanIcompromise?”SoanyonslaughtwemakeontheIslamicState,absentnationalunitygovernments,willhaveShiitessayingtheformerandSunnissayingthelatter.That’swhythisiscomplicated.

1.Whichofthefollowingwordsissynonymoustothehighlightedword“excoriated”inthefirstlineofthepassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingstatementsareFALSEEXCEPT（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisFALSEaccordingtothepassage?

4.Whichofthefollowingisthemostappropriatetitleforthewholepassage?

5.Whatdoyouthinkoftheauthor’sattitudetowardsObama’spolicyontheIslamicStateaccordingtothepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.excruciated

B.approbated

C.exfoliated

D.reprobated

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.MikeRogersdoesn’tthinkthatitisstupidthatObamadidn’ttakeactionstobombtheIslamicState.

B.GeorgeW.Bush’sapproachtodestroytheSunniTalibanregimeinAfghanistanandtheSunniBaathistregimeinIraqhasactuallyhelpedIran.

C.TheIslamicStatebeheadedtwoAmericanJournalistshadthreatenedthesafetyofAmericanhomeland.

D.Whenaregionisbesetbymanycivilwarsatonce,thereiscenter,nosides.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.IfObamadiddestroytheIslamicState,hewouldignoreseveralissues.

B.ThevideobeheadingsoftwoU.S.journalistsbytheIslamicStatearejustmeanttothreatentheUnitedStates.

C.ObamainsiststhattheUnitedStates，militaryinterventioninIraqmustbeaccompaniedbyIraqisproducinganationalunitygovernment.

D.TheU.S.governmentneedstothinkoverbeforetakingactionsagainsttheIslamicState.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Obama’sPolicyontheIslamicState

B.ConflictsintheArabWorld

C.Fire,Ready,Aim.NotReady,Aim,Fire

D.Ready,Aim,Fire.NotFire,Ready,Aim

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.opposing

B.approving

C.neutral

D.indifferent

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.詞義理解題。根據(jù)文章第一句，“PresidentBarackObamahasbeenexcoriatedfordeclaringthat“wedon'thaveastrategyyet”foreffectivelyconfrontingtheIslamicStategroup.”，可知美國總統(tǒng)巴拉克?奧巴馬因宣稱尚未制定有效對(duì)抗伊斯蘭國組織的戰(zhàn)略而受到嚴(yán)厲批評(píng)。所以找出excoriate“批評(píng)，斥責(zé)”的同義詞，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第二句，“After9/11thatsortof“fire,ready,aim”approachledGeorgeW.BushtoorderagroundwarinIraqwithoutsufficienttroopstocontrolthecountry,withoutatruegraspofIraq’sShiite-Sunnisectariandynamicsandwithoutanyrealizationthat,indestroyingtheSunniTalibanregimeinAfghanistanandtheSunniBaathistregimeinIraq,weweredestroyingbothofIran’smortalenemiesandtherebyopeningthewayforavastexpansionofIran’sregionalinfluence.”可知9.11后那種“開炮、準(zhǔn)備、作戰(zhàn)”的方法使布什在伊拉克發(fā)動(dòng)地面戰(zhàn)爭的時(shí)候沒有足夠的軍事力量在控制這個(gè)國家，沒有真正了解伊拉克什葉派和遜尼派的宗派動(dòng)態(tài)，也沒有意識(shí)到摧毀了阿富汗的遜尼派塔利班政權(quán)和伊拉克的遜尼派復(fù)興黨政權(quán)，我們就可以摧毀伊朗的死敵，從而為伊朗地區(qū)影響力的大規(guī)模擴(kuò)張開辟道路?？赏茢喑霾际泊輾О⒏缓惯d尼派塔利班政權(quán)和伊拉克遜尼派復(fù)興黨政權(quán)的做法，實(shí)際上幫助了伊朗。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段第一句，“TherearenowordstodescribethevilenessofthevideobeheadingsoftwoU.S.journalistsbytheIslamicState,butIhavenodoubtthatthey'remeanttogetustooverreact”，可知伊斯蘭國斬首兩名美國記者的視頻的惡劣程度無法用言語來形容，但我毫不懷疑，他們的目的只是讓我們反應(yīng)過度。所以目的不是為了威脅美國。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.主旨題。文章主要關(guān)于有效抗擊伊斯蘭國組織的策略問題，主要講述了打擊伊斯蘭國的策略。9.11事件后策略上的不成熟導(dǎo)致美國陷入不利的處境，所以D選項(xiàng)的標(biāo)題是對(duì)策略的一個(gè)完整概括和總結(jié)，即準(zhǔn)備-定目標(biāo)-開戰(zhàn)，而不是開戰(zhàn)-準(zhǔn)備-定目標(biāo)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.作者態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Thatsoundedoddtomyear—likeweshouldjustbombsomebody,evenifitisstupid.IfObamadidthat,whatwouldhebeignoring?”，可知在我聽來這很奇怪，就好像我們應(yīng)該直接轟炸某人，即使這很愚蠢。如果奧巴馬要摧毀伊斯蘭國，他會(huì)忽略哪些問題呢?，可推斷出作者對(duì)于奧巴馬摧毀伊斯蘭國的政策持贊同態(tài)度。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

6.單選題

IntheUnitedStates,the______betweentherichandthepoorisgrowing,withthegapwideningyearly.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.penury

B.disparity

C.amelioration

D.languidness

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.penury貧困，貧窮B.disparity不等，不一致

C.amelioration改進(jìn)，改善D.languidness疲倦，陰沉

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)后半句句意“隨著貧富差距每年的擴(kuò)大”可以推知，窮人和富人之間的差異同樣也在擴(kuò)大，空格處表示“不平等，差異”符合句意，因此該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】在美國，隨著貧富差距每年的擴(kuò)大，窮人與富人之間的不平等也在擴(kuò)大。

7.單選題

Icouldnotimaginethat（

）possible.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.be

B.being

C.is

D.was

【答案】A

【解析】句意:我簡直不能想象那是有可能的。

語法題?？疾樘厥馓摂M語氣。imagine之后的that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句需要用虛擬語氣：should+動(dòng)詞原形,此時(shí)should可以省略。

8.單選題

Playsareanimportantformofentertainmentinmostcountries.TwokindsofdramauniquetoJapanareNohandKabuki.Musicisusedinbothtypesofdrama.Originally,menperformedbothmen'sandwomen'spartsinNohandKabukiplays.Butthesimilaritiesendthere.

Kabukicostumesarefancy,bright,andheavy.Realgoldisusedonthem.Ontheotherhand,Nohcostumesarequitesimple.Kabukistagesarehuge.Thestagesetsareelaborate.Nohstagesareonly18feet(5.4meters)square.Theonlysceneryusedisbackgroundwallwithatreepaintedonit.AscenechangeswhentheNohactorschangetheirplaces.Theaudiencemustusealotofimaginations.

Nohplaysstartedinthefourteenthcenturytoentertaintheupperclass.Theformoftheplayhasnotchangedmuchsincethattime.AllpartsofaNohplaymustfollowacertainsetofrules.ToapersonunfamiliarwithNohdrama,aNohactormaylookasifheissleepwalking.Theactionoftheplayisslow.Everymovementiscontrolled.Certainactionsstandforcertainthings.Forexample,afewstepsforwardmeantheendofajourney.AnimportantpartofaNohplayisthechorusthatchantsmuchofthestory.

Kabukiplaysweredevelopedintheseventeenthcenturyforthecommonpeople.Theatrewasthemainamusementofthemerchantsofthattime.Kabukiplaysgiveaclearpictureofthosemerchants'tastesandideas.Thecolorfulcostumesreflecttheirgaymoods.Theheroesareoftenwarriorswhoperformdaringfeats.Theplayerswearthickmakeup.Theyexaggeratetheirmovementsandfacialexpressionstocommunicatefeeling.

MusicisveryimportanttoKabukiplays,Kabukiactorssing,dance,andspeaktheirlineswhilethemusicisplayedinthebackground.Themusicmaysoundstrangeatfirst,butitmakestheactiononthestagemoreexciting.Musiciansplayinstrumentssuchasflutes,drums,andgongs.Theyalsousethesamisen,athree-stringedinstrumentshapedsomewhatlikeabanjo.Anotherinstrumenthastwosmallblocksofwoodthatarebangedonthefloor.

1.WhatdoNohandKabukishareincommon?

2.WhichstatementistrueabouttheKabukiplays?

3.OneofthedifferencesbetweenNohandKabukiplaysisthat（

）.

4.Kabukiplayscaninformusabout

（

）.

5.WhatmusicalinstrumentsareusedinKabukiplays?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Musicisusedinbothtypesofdrama.

B.Womenperformedbothmen'sandwomen'spartsinthebeginning.

C.Bothmen'sandwomen'spartswereplayedbymalesintheearlierperiod.

D.BothAandC.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Costumesarefunny,lightandrough.

B.Stagesare18feetsquare.

C.Abackgroundwithatreepaintedonitistheonlyscenery.

D.Theperformersmustusealltheirimaginations.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Nohisslower

B.Nohissimpler

C.Nohismorecolorful

D.Nohismoreexciting

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.likesanddislikesofthe17thcenturycommonpeople

B.thetastesofthe17thcenturyJapanesemerchants

C.thelifestyleoftherulingclass

D.thecourageousdeedsofthesoldiers

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Flutes,gongsandtwoblocksofwood.

B.Drumsandsamisens.

C.Gongs,drumsandwoodenhammers.

D.AandB.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段的三四句“Musicisusedinbothtypesofdrama.Originally,menperformedbothmen'sandwomen'spartsinNohandKabukiplays.”兩種戲劇都使用音樂。最初，男性在能劇和歌舞伎劇中同時(shí)扮演男性和女性角色。選項(xiàng)A和C均正確，所以本題選D。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Kabukicostumesarefancy,bright,andheavy.”可知選項(xiàng)A錯(cuò)誤；選項(xiàng)B和C都是描述能劇的，所以只有選項(xiàng)D正確。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后三段的內(nèi)容可知，選項(xiàng)C和D是描述歌舞伎劇，首先排除；選項(xiàng)B在文中沒有提及；選項(xiàng)A符合原文，所以正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的第三句“Kabukiplaysgiveaclearpictureofthosemerchants'tastesandideas.”歌舞伎劇清楚地展現(xiàn)了這些商人的品味和思想。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段的最后幾句“Musiciansplayinstrumentssuchasflutes,drums,andgongs.Theyalsousethesamisen,athree-stringedinstrumentshapedsomewhatlikeabanjo.Anotherinstrumenthastwosmallblocksofwoodthatarebangedonthefloor.”可知選項(xiàng)A和B都有提及，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

9.單選題

Asagoodphotographer,youmustdevelopanawarenessoftheworldaroundyouandthepeoplewho（）it.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.innovate

B.inhabit

C.integrate

D.inherit

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。innovate創(chuàng)新，改革；inhabit居住于，存在于；integrate整合；inherit繼承。人類是居住在世界上的，所以選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

10.單選題

Obesitygenerallyisdefinedasanaccumulationoffat(adiposetissue)beyondwhatisconsiderednormalforaperson’sage,sex,andbodytype.Intoday’ssocietyobesityisconsideredasadisease,notamoralfailing.Itoccurswhenenergyintakeexceedstheamountofenergyexpendedovertime.Onlyinasmallminorityofcasesisobesitycausedbysuchillnessesashypothyroidism,ortheresultoftakingmedications,suchassteroids,thatcancauseweightgain.

Themoreapersonweighs,themorebloodvesselsthebodyneedstocirculatebloodthroughoutthebody.Thehearttakesonaheavyburdenasithastopumphardertoforcethebloodflowthroughsomanyvessels.Asaresult,theheartgrowsinsizeandbloodpressuretendstorise.Obesityisalsoafactorinosteoarthritis(becauseoftheextraweightplacedonjoints),gout,boneandjointdiseases(includingrupturedintervertebraldiscs),varicoseveins,respiratoryailments,gallbladderdisease,complicationsduringpregnancyanddelivery,andhigheraccidentaldeathrate.

Obesitycanalterhormonelevels,affectimmunefunction,andcauseimpotenceinmenandreproductiveproblemsinwomen.Womenwhoare30%overweightaretwiceaslikelytodieofendometrialcancer,andthosewhoare40%overweighthavefourtimestherisk.Obesewomenalsoaremorelikelytoincurcancersofthebreast,cervix,ovaries,andgallbladder.Obesemenaremorelikelytodevelopcancersoftherectum,colon,esophagus,bladder,pancreas,stomach,andprostate.

Obesitycanalsocausepsychologicalproblems.Sufferersareassociatedwithlaziness,failure,orinadequatewillpower.Asaresult,overweightmenandwomenblamethemselvesforbeingheavy,thuscausingfeelingsofguiltanddepression.

ScientificevidencehasfoundanassociationbetweenMBI(body-massindex)andhigherdeathrates.However,therelativeriskofbeingheavydeclineswithage.Someresearchershavefoundthatdatalinkingoverweightanddeathareinconclusive,whileotherresearchershavefoundthatlosingweightmayberiskierthandangersposedbyextrapounds.Someresearcherscounterthatoverweightindirectlycontributestoover300,000deathsayear.

ApollbyShapeUpAmericafoundthat78%ofoverweightorobeseadultshaveabandoneddietingasameansoflosingweight.Dietsdonotteachpeoplehowtoeatproperly.Theymerelyrestrictfoodintaketemporarily,sowhenthedietends,weightgainresumes.

1.Themainideaofthispassageis（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whydoesdietingnotresultinpermanentweightloss?

4.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentencefromthefifthparagraphsuggestaboutobesity?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.obesitycanleadtomanyhealthproblems

B.obesityisconsideredtobeadisease

C.obesitycanteachpeopledieting

D.obesityputsaburdenontheheart

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.medicationssuchassteroidsareoftenrelatedtoobesity

B.obesitydoesnotaffectaperson’schancesofgettingcancer

C.adiagnosisofobesityisbasedonanormalweightforone’sageandsex

D.obesityisbecominglessofaproblemintoday’ssociety

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Dietscausefeelingsofdeprivation.

B.Therearetoomanydietsandeachhasdifferentrequirements.

C.Dietsleadtoguiltanddepression.

D.Dietsdon’tteachpeoplegoodeatinghabits.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Losingalotofweightisnotwiseforolderpersons.

B.Stomachstaplingandothersurgicalmethodsforweightlossaresuperiortodieting.

C.Allobesepeopleneedtoshedtheirextrapounds.

D.Obesepeopleshouldconsulttheirdoctorsabouttheprosandconsoflosingweight.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】第1題:1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.Themainideaofthispassageis______.1.這篇文章的主旨是______？

A.obesitycanleadtomanyhealthproblemsA.肥胖會(huì)導(dǎo)致很多疾病

B.obesityisconsideredtobeadiseaseB.肥胖被認(rèn)為是一種疾病

C.obesitycanteachpeopledietingC.肥胖教會(huì)人節(jié)食

D.obesityputsaburdenontheheartD.肥胖給心臟帶來負(fù)擔(dān)

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】首先，定位文章首尾段核心句，第一段第一句“肥胖通常被定義為脂肪的堆積，超出了一個(gè)人的年齡、性別和體型所認(rèn)為的正常水平”，以及最后一段第一句“78%的超重或肥胖成年人已經(jīng)放棄了作為減肥手段的節(jié)食”，從中可知文章的主題是關(guān)于“肥胖”的；然后看到文章結(jié)構(gòu)，文章首先是引入話題，中間三段闡述了肥胖引起的一系列疾病，最后兩段講述了節(jié)食并不能作為減肥手段；綜上所述，可知，這篇文章主要目的是為了告訴讀者，肥胖會(huì)引起很多疾病，所以A項(xiàng)符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B項(xiàng)“肥胖被認(rèn)為是一種疾病”和D項(xiàng)“肥胖給心臟帶來負(fù)擔(dān)”都只是段落里面有提到，屬于以偏概全；

C項(xiàng)“肥胖教會(huì)人節(jié)食”，根據(jù)第六段第一句“ShapeUpAmerica的一項(xiàng)民意調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，78%超重或肥胖的成年人已放棄節(jié)食作為減肥的一種方式”，這也就是說很多超重的人已經(jīng)放棄節(jié)食作為減肥方式，該項(xiàng)與原文相反，屬于反向干擾。

第2題:2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Accordingtothepassage,______.2.根據(jù)文章，______。

A.medicationssuchassteroidsareoftenrelatedtoobesityA.類固醇等藥物通常與肥胖有關(guān)

B.obesitydoesnotaffectaperson’schancesofgettingcancerB.肥胖并不影響一個(gè)人患癌的幾率

C.adiagnosisofobesityisbasedonanormalweightforone’sageandsexC.肥胖的診斷是基于一個(gè)人的年齡和性別的正常體重

D.obesityisbecominglessofaproblemintoday’ssocietyD.在當(dāng)今社會(huì)，肥胖已經(jīng)不是什么問題了

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)原文第一段第一句“肥胖通常被定義為脂肪的堆積，超出了一個(gè)人的年齡、性別和體型所認(rèn)為的正常水平”，可知，肥胖的診斷的基于一個(gè)人的年齡、性別和體型所認(rèn)為的正常水平，C項(xiàng)表述正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“類固醇等藥物通常與肥胖有關(guān)”，根據(jù)第一段最后一句“只有在少數(shù)情況下（Onlyinasmallminorityofcases），肥胖是由甲狀腺功能減退等疾病或服用類固醇等藥物導(dǎo)致的，這些藥物會(huì)導(dǎo)致體重增加”，從Onlyinasmallminorityofcases（只有在少數(shù)情況下）可知，該項(xiàng)表述不準(zhǔn)確，屬于曲解原文；

B項(xiàng)“肥胖并不影響一個(gè)人患癌的幾率”表述與原文相反，第三段最后提到肥胖男女性有可能患各種癌癥，該項(xiàng)反向干擾；

D項(xiàng)“在當(dāng)今社會(huì)，肥胖已經(jīng)不是什么問題了”，根據(jù)第一段第二句“在當(dāng)今社會(huì)，肥胖被認(rèn)為是一種疾病”可知，該項(xiàng)與原文相反，反向干擾。

第3題:3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.Accordingtothepassage,whydoesdietingnotresultinpermanentweightloss?3.根據(jù)這篇文章，為什么節(jié)食不會(huì)導(dǎo)致永久性的體重減輕？

A.Dietscausefeelingsofdeprivation.A.節(jié)食會(huì)抑制食欲。

B.Therearetoomanydietsandeachhasdifferentrequirements.B.節(jié)食方式太多，每種都有不同的要求。

C.Dietsleadtoguiltanddepression.C.節(jié)食會(huì)導(dǎo)致內(nèi)疚和抑郁。

D.Dietsdon’tteachpeoplegoodeatinghabits.D.節(jié)食并沒有教會(huì)人們良好的飲食習(xí)慣。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)最后一段的最后兩句“節(jié)食不會(huì)教人們?nèi)绾握_的飲食。它們只是暫時(shí)限制食物的攝入量（merelyrestrictfoodintaketemporarily），所以當(dāng)節(jié)食結(jié)束時(shí)，體重又會(huì)增加。”，可知，節(jié)食并不是減肥的好辦法，因?yàn)樗皇菚簳r(shí)控制人們的食物攝入量，而且沒有給人養(yǎng)成一個(gè)良好的飲食習(xí)慣。故D項(xiàng)“節(jié)食并沒有教會(huì)人們良好的飲食習(xí)慣”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“節(jié)食會(huì)抑制食欲”，根據(jù)解題思路可知，節(jié)食只是暫時(shí)限制食物的攝入量，不等于抑制食欲，該項(xiàng)偷換概念；

B項(xiàng)“節(jié)食方式太多，每種都有不同的要求”原文沒有提到，無中生有；

C項(xiàng)“節(jié)食會(huì)導(dǎo)致內(nèi)疚和抑郁”，文中第四段提到“超重的男人和女人會(huì)因?yàn)樽约禾侄载?zé)，從而導(dǎo)致內(nèi)疚和抑郁”，可知是超重會(huì)導(dǎo)致內(nèi)疚和抑郁，并不是節(jié)食，該項(xiàng)曲解原文。

第4題:4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentencefromthefifthparagraphsuggestaboutobesity?4.第五段中劃線的句子說明了關(guān)于肥胖的什么問題？

A.Losingalotofweightisnotwiseforolderpersons.A.對(duì)老年人來說，減重太多是不明智的。

B.Stomachstaplingandothersurgicalmethodsforweightlossaresuperiortodieting.B.胃部縫合和其他手術(shù)方法減肥比節(jié)食減肥更好。

C.Allobesepeopleneedtoshedtheirextrapounds.C.所有肥胖的人都需要減掉多余的體重。

D.Obesepeopleshouldconsulttheirdoctorsabouttheprosandconsoflosingweight.D.肥胖者應(yīng)該向醫(yī)生咨詢減肥的利弊。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第五段中的劃線句子“一些研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，將超重和死亡聯(lián)系起來的數(shù)據(jù)并不確定，而另一些研究人員則發(fā)現(xiàn)，減肥可能比超重的危害更大”，結(jié)合劃線部分的前一句“體重超標(biāo)的相對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)會(huì)隨著年齡的增長而下降”，綜合理解可知，年齡越大，體重超標(biāo)的相對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)就會(huì)下降，而減肥比超重的危害更大，所以推斷，老年人減肥是不明智的。A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B項(xiàng)“胃部縫合和其他手術(shù)方法減肥比節(jié)食減肥更好”和D項(xiàng)“肥胖者應(yīng)該向醫(yī)生咨詢減肥的利弊”在文章中沒有提到，屬于無中生有；

C項(xiàng)“所有肥胖的人都需要減掉多余的體重”，劃線部分說到另一些研究人員則發(fā)現(xiàn)，減肥可能比超重的危害更大，所以不是所有肥胖的人都應(yīng)該減重，該項(xiàng)曲解原文。

11.單選題

Youcanclaima（）onyourtax.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rebate

B.debate

C.abate

D.libate

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)rebate“退還款；折扣；返還部分”；B選項(xiàng)debate“辯論；（正式的）討論”；C選項(xiàng)abate“減輕；減少”；D選項(xiàng)libate“喝酒。句意：你可以要求退回部分稅款。此處應(yīng)填入一個(gè)名詞，故排除C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)，只有A項(xiàng)符合句意，故選A。

12.單選題

Recentlythecarfactoryhadtocarryoutpersonnel（）becauseoffinancialtrouble.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.cuts

B.demands

C.reductions

D.orders

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)cuts“切口，份額”；B選項(xiàng)demands“需求”；C選項(xiàng)reductions“減少，縮小”；D選項(xiàng)orders“順序”。句意：最近，由于財(cái)政困難，汽車廠不得不進(jìn)行人事_____。根據(jù)前句說“財(cái)政困難”，可以推測應(yīng)該是要進(jìn)行人事減少，因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

13.單選題

Operationwhichleftpatients___andinneedoflongperiodofrecoverytimenowleavethemfeelingrelaxedandcomfortable.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exhausted

B.abandoned

C.injured

D.deserted

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)exhausted“筋疲力盡的；疲憊不堪的；耗盡的；枯竭的”；B選項(xiàng)abandoned“被拋棄的；（房屋，車輛）被廢棄的；無約束的；恣意放蕩的”；C選項(xiàng)injured“受傷的；受損害的”；D選項(xiàng)deserted“荒蕪的；被遺棄的；無人居住的”。句意：手術(shù)使病人___，需要很長的時(shí)間恢復(fù)，現(xiàn)在卻使他們感到輕松舒適。本句表達(dá)“手術(shù)讓病人精疲力竭”，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

14.填空題

Whatisgoodisthoughttobe________andwhatisevilisthoughttobeharmful,butdefininggoodandevilremainsacentralquestionofethics.(benefit)

【答案】beneficial

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞。

【解題思路】根據(jù)橫線前面的be，以及表示并列結(jié)構(gòu)的and，可知橫線所在內(nèi)容為形容詞，beneficial“有益的”符合語境，指的是善被認(rèn)為是有益的。

【句意】善被認(rèn)為是有益的，惡被認(rèn)為是有害的，但定義善惡仍然是倫理學(xué)的中心問題。

15.翻譯題

Passage1

Severalpromisingdrugdevelopmentstrategiesareemerginginthefightagainsttuberculosis(TB),whichcontinuestoclaimnearlytwomillionlivesworldwideeachyear,largelyindevelopingcountries.AstheTBbacteriumevolvestoresistanti-TBdrugs,andpatientsfinditdifficulttosticktoexistingdrugregimesthesearchisonforbothnewdrugsandgooddiagnostics.Somepromisingdrugsareinearlyclinicaltrials,whichcouldreducethetimeneededtotreatTB—buttheoddsarestackedagainstthembecausefewerthantenpercentofantibioticsthaten