考研考博-英語-安徽大學(xué)江淮學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽大學(xué)江淮學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Whenshelearnedthatshebroketheworldrecord,shefeltanirresistible（）tocryatthewinner'sstand.

問題1選項

A.courtesy

B.demonstrates

C.bravery

D.impulse

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析題。courtesy"禮貌的",demonstrate"舉行示威游行（或集會）;說明";bravery"勇敢";impulse"突如其來的念頭;剌激,推動力"。句意：當(dāng)她得知自己打破了世界紀(jì)錄時，情不自禁地在領(lǐng)獎臺上落淚了。選項D符合句意。

2.單選題

Afolkcultureisasmall,isolated,cohesive,conservative,nearlyself-sufficientgroupthatishomogeneousincustomandrace,withastrongfamilyorclanstructureandhighlydevelopedrituals.Orderismaintainedthroughsanctionsbasedinthereligionorfamily,andinterpersonalrelationshipsarestrong.Traditionisparamount,andchangecomesinfrequentlyandslowly.Thereisrelativelylittledivisionoflaborintospecializedduties.Rather,eachpersonisexpectedtoperforinagreatvarietyoftasks,thoughdutiesmaydifferbetweenthesexes.Mostgoodsarehandmade,andasubsistenceeconomyprevails.Individualismisweaklydevelopedinfolkculturesasaresocialclasses.UnalteredfolkculturesnolongerexistinindustrializedcountriessuchastheUniteStatesandCanada.PerhapsthenearestmodernequivalentinAnglo-AmericanistheAmish,aGermanAmericanfarmingsectthatlargelyrenouncestheproductsandlabor-savingdevicesoftheIndustrialage.InAmishareas,horsedrawnbuggiesstillseverasalocaltransportationdevice,andthefaithfularenotpermittedtoownautomobiles.TheAmish’scentralreligiousconceptofDemut,"humility",clearlyreflectstheweaknessofindividualismandsocialclassessotypicaloffolkcultures,andthereisacorrespondingstrengthofAmishgroupidentity.RarelydotheAmishmarryoutsidetheirsect.Thereligion,avarietyoftheMennonitefaith,providestheprincipalmechanism,formaintainingorder.

Bycontrast,apopularcultureisalargeheterogeneousgroup,oftenhighlyindividualisticandconstantlychanging.Relationshipstendtobeimpersonal,andapronounceddivisionoflaborexists,leadingtotheestablishmentofmanyspecializedprofessions.Secularinstitutionsofcontrolsuchasthepoliceandamiytaketheplaceofreligionandfamilyinmaintainingorder,andamoney-basedeconomyprevails.Becauseofthesecontrasts,“popular”maybeviewedasclearlydifferentfrom“folk”.

Thepopularisreplacingthefolkinindustrializedcountriesandinmanydevelopingnations.Folk-madeobjectsgivewaytotheirpopularequivalent,usuallybecausethepopularitemismorequicklyorcheaplyproduce,iseasierortime-savingtouse,orlendsmoreprestigetotheowner.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whichofthefollowingistypicaloffolkcultures?

3.WhatdoestheauthorimplyabouttheUnitedStatesandCanada?

4.WhatisthemainsourceoforderinAmishsociety?

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutAmishbeliefsdoesthepassagesupport?

問題1選項

A.Twodecadesinmodernsociety.

B.Theinfluenceofindustrialtechnology.

C.Thecharacteristicsof“folk”and“popular”societies

D.ThespecializationoflaborinCanadaandtheUnitedStates

問題2選項

A.Thereisamoney-basedeconomy

B.Socialchangeoccursslowly

C.Contactwithotherculturesisencouraged.

D.Eachpersondevelopsonespecializedskill.

問題3選項

A.Theyvaluefolkcultures.

B.Theyhavepopularcultures.

C.Theyhavenosocialclasses.

D.Theydonotvalueindividualism.

問題4選項

A.Thegovernment.

B.Theclanstructure.

C.Theeconomy.

D.Thereligion.

問題5選項

A.Variousreligiouspracticesaretolerated.

B.Individualismandcompetitionareimportant.

C.Pre-moderntechnologyispreferred.

D.Peoplearedefinedaccordingtotheirclass.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。文章主要分為三個部分，第一個部分講述的是民間文化社會的特點，第二部分講述的是大眾文化社會的特點，第三部分是講述在工業(yè)時代的如今，大眾流行文化正在取代民間文化。選項A：二十年的現(xiàn)代社會；選項B:工業(yè)技術(shù)的影響；選項D：加拿大和美國的勞動專業(yè)化，以上選項均與原文不符。選項C:“民俗化”社會與“大眾化”社會的特征“為正確選項。

第2題:事實細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干意思定位到文章第一段中Traditionisparamount,andchangecomesinfrequentlyandslowly.Thereisrelativelylittledivisionoflaborintospecializedduties.“傳統(tǒng)是至高無上的，很少有改變，而且變化很慢。很少有專門的勞動分工?！庇纱丝芍x項B“社會變革發(fā)生得很慢”與原文相符，為正確選項，而選項A、C、D均與原文表述的意思相反。

第3題:事實細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意思是關(guān)于美國和加拿大，作者暗示了什么?可以定位到文章第—段中UnalteredfolkculturesnolongerexistinindustrializedcountriessuchastheUniteStatesandCanada.“在美國和加拿大等工業(yè)化國家，一成不變的民間文化已經(jīng)不復(fù)存在?！笨梢酝茢喑鰞蓚€國家的文化均已大眾流行化，由此可知B選項“它們有大眾流行文化”與原文意思相符，因此B為正確選項。

第4題:事實細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段最后一句Thereligion,avarietyoftheMennonitefaith,providestheprincipalmechanism,formaintainingorder.“其宗教，作為Mennonite信仰的一種，提供了維持秩序的主要機制?！庇纱丝芍狣選項“宗教”為正確選項，選項A、B、C均與題意不符。

第5題:事實細(xì)節(jié)題。選項A：容忍各種宗教活動。這與文章所表述的阿米什人很少與他們宗派以外的人通婚不符，因此錯誤。選項B：個人主義和競爭很重要這與文章“theweaknessofindividualismandsocialclasses”意思不符，所以為錯誤選項。選項D：每個人發(fā)展一項專門技能，明顯與文中第一段描述不符。選項C：現(xiàn)代以前的技術(shù)更受喜歡，與原文“InAmishareas,horsedrawnbuggiesstillseverasalocaltransportationdevice,andthefaithfularenotpermittedtoownautomobiles.”所表述的意思“在Amish地區(qū)，輕便馬車仍然是當(dāng)?shù)氐慕煌üぞ撸磐絺儾辉试S擁有汽車?！毕喾?，因此C選項正確。

3.單選題

Psychoanalyststendtoregardboth（）andmasochismasarisingfromchildhooddeprivation.

問題1選項

A.attachment

B.distinction

C.ingenuity

D.sadism

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。attachment“附屬（物）；依戀”；distinction“區(qū)別，分清”；ingenuity“獨創(chuàng)性，精巧，靈活性”；sadism“虐待狂，病態(tài)的殘忍”。句意：心理分析師傾向于將虐待狂和受虐狂看成是童年剝奪的結(jié)果。選項D符合題意。

4.單選題

Ithaslongbeenknownthattherateofoxidativemetabolism(theprocessthatusesoxygentoconvertfoodintoenergy)inanyanimalhasaprofoundeffectonitslivingpatterns.Thehighmetabolicrateofsmallanimals,forexample,givesthemsustainedpowerandactivityperunitofweight,butatthecostofrequiringconstantconsumptionoffoodandwater.Verylargeanimals,withtheirrelativelylowmetabolicrates,cansurvivewellonasporadicfoodsupply,butcangeneratelittlemetabolicenergypergramofbodyweight.Ifonlyoxidativemetabolicrateisconsidered,therefore,onemightassumethatsmaller,moreactive,animalscouldpreyonlargerones,atleastiftheyattackedingroups.Perhapstheycouldifitwerenotforanaerobicglycolysis,thegreatequalizer.

Anaerobicglycolysisisaprocessinwhichenergyisproduced,withoutoxygen,throughthebreakdownofmuscleglycogenintolacticacidandadenosinetriphosphate(ATP),theenergyprovider.Theamountofenergythatcanbeproducedanaerobicallyisafunctionoftheamountofglycogenpresent——inallvertebratesabout0.5percentoftheirmuscles’netweight.Thustheanaerobicenergyreservesofavertebrateareproportionaltothesizeoftheanimal.If,forexample,somepredatorshadattackeda100-tendinosaur,normallytorpid,thedinosaurwouldhavebeenabletogeneratealmostinstantaneously,viaanaerobicglycolysis,theenergyof3,000humansatmaximumoxidativemetabolicenergyproduction.Thisexplainshowmanylargespecieshavemanagedtocompetewiththeirmoreactiveneighbors:thecompensationforalowoxidativemetabolicrateisglycolysis.

Therearelimitations,however,tothiscompensation.Theglycogenreservesofanyanimalaregood,atmost,foronlyabouttwominutesatmaximumeffort,afterwhichonlythenormaloxidativemetabolicsourceofenergyremains.Withtheconclusionofaburstofactivity,thelacticacidlevelishighinthebodyfluids,leavingthelargeanimalvulnerableto

attackuntiltheacidisreconverted,viaoxidativemetabolism,bytheliverintoglucose,whichisthensent(inpart)backtothemusclesforglycogenresynthesis.Duringthisprocesstheenormousenergydebtthattheanimalhasrunupthroughanaerobicglycolysismustberepaid,adebtthatisproportionallymuchgreaterforthelargervertebratesthanforthesmallerones.Whereasthetinyshrewcanreplaceinminutestheglycogenusedformaximumeffort,forexample,thegiganticdinosaurwouldhaverequiredmorethanthreeweeks.Itmightseemthatthisinterminablylongrecoverytimeinalargevertebratewouldproveagravedisadvantageforsurvival.Fortunately,muscleglycogenisusedonlywhenneededandeventhenonlyinwhateverquantityisnecessary.Onlyintimesofpanicorduringmortalcombatwouldtheentirereservesbeconsumed.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,amajorlimitationofanaerobicglycolysisisthatitcan（

）.

3.Thepassagesuggeststhatthetotalanaerobicenergyreservesofavertebrateareproportionaltothevertebrate’ssizebecause（

）.

4.Theauthorismostprobablyaddressingwhichofthefollowingaudiences?

5.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthecentralideaofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.refuteamisconceptionaboutanaerobicglycolysis

B.explainanaerobicglycolysisanditseffectsonanimalsurvival

C.describethelimitationsofanaerobicglycolysis

D.analyzethechemistryofanaerobicglycolysisanditssimilaritytooxidativemetabolism

問題2選項

A.produceinlargeanimalsmorelacticacidthanthelivercansafelyreconvert

B.necessitateadangerouslylongrecoveryperiodinlargeanimals

C.produceenergymoreslowlythanitcanbeusedbylargeanimals

D.consumealloftheavailableglycogenregardlessofneed

問題3選項

A.largervertebratesconservemoreenergythansmallervertebrates

B.largervertebratesuselessoxygenperunitweightthansmallervertebrates

C.theabilityofavertebratetoconsumefoodisafunctionofitssize

D.theamountofmuscletissueinavertebrateisdirectlyrelatedtoitssize

問題4選項

A.Collegestudentsinanintroductorycourseonanimalphysiology

B.Historiansofscienceinvestigatingthediscoveryofanaerobicglycolysis

C.Graduatestudentswithspecializedtrainingincomparativeanatomy

D.ZoologistsinterestedinPrehistoricanimals

問題5選項

A.Thedisadvantageofalowoxidativemetabolicrateinlargeanimalscanbeoffsetbytheirabilitytoconvertsubstantialamountsofglycogenintoenergy.

B.Themostsignificantproblemfacinganimalsthathaveusedanaerobicglycolysisforenergyistheresynthesisofitsbyproduct,glucose,intoglycogen.

C.Thebenefitstoanimalsofanaerobicglycolysisareoffsetbytheprofoundcoststhatmustbepaid.

D.Themajorfactorensuringthatalargeanimalwilltriumphoverasmalleranimalisthelargeanimal’sabilitytoproduceenergyviaanaerobicglycolysis

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.文章第一段提到動作的氧化代謝率對它們生存方式造成的影響（inanyanimalhasaprofoundeffectonitslivingpatterns）；第二段解釋無氧糖酵解（Anaerobicglycolysisisaprocessinwhichenergyisproduced,withoutoxygen,throughthebreakdownofmuscleglycogenintolacticacidandadenosinetriphosphate(ATP),theenergyprovider）；第三段提到了無氧糖酵解的不足以及對動物的生存產(chǎn)生的影響。綜上所述，選項B符合題意。

2.文章第三段第一句提到了補償?shù)木窒扌裕╰herearelimitations,however,tothiscompensation），指出動物由于無氧糖酵解所導(dǎo)致的大量能量消耗必須得到補償，然后又通過小松鼠為例來說明小型動物補償?shù)臅r間短，而大型動物則需要很長的時間才能完成補償，這就是補償?shù)木窒扌?。選項B符合題意。

3.文章第二段第二句話Theamountofenergythatcanbeproducedanaerobicallyisafunctionoftheamountofglycogenpresent—inallvertebratesabout0.5percentoftheirmuscles’netweight.Thustheanaerobicenergyreservesofavertebrateareproportionaltothesizeoftheanimal提到了無氧糖酵解與動物體型的關(guān)系。隨后舉了恐龍的例子來解釋說明肌肉越多，糖原質(zhì)的含量就越多，體型大，肌肉多，選項D符合題意。

4.文章主要介紹無氧糖酵解對動物的生存產(chǎn)生的影響，沒有使用一些非?；逎y懂的專業(yè)知識，因此作者最可能針對的是剛剛接觸相關(guān)學(xué)科的人群。選項A符合題意。

5.文章主要提及了氧化代謝率較低的大型動物的不利原因。作者通過舉了恐龍這種大型動物來說明自己的觀點，比如一只100噸重的恐龍可以通過無氧糖酵解產(chǎn)生3000個人進行氧化新陳代謝（viaanaerobicglycolysis,theenergyof3,000humansatmaximumoxidativemetabolicenergyproduction.）產(chǎn)生的最大的能量，從而保證大型動物能在激烈的叢林中生存。選項A符合題意。

5.單選題

Familydisruptionhasbeensuggestedasacentralcauseofmanytroublesomesocialproblems.Morethanhalfofthedramaticincreaseinchildpovertyinthe1980’s（）toit.

問題1選項

A.arecontributed

B.arecontributable

C.isattributing

D.isattributable

【答案】D

【解析】語法題。contribute“貢獻，出力”；attribute“歸因于”。詞組attributeto通常用于一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，選項C可排除。句意：有人認(rèn)為家庭破裂是許多棘手的社會問題的主要原因。上世紀(jì)80年代，兒童貧困的急劇增加，有一半以上的問題要歸因于貧困。選項D符合題意。

6.單選題

16-20

問題1選項

A.Heishavingaphysicalcheckup.

B.Hehasjustundergoneanoperation.

C.Hehasjustrecoveredfromanillness.

D.Hewillbedischargedfromthehospitalthisafternoon.

問題2選項

A.Hegotaninfectioninthelungs.

B.Hehadhisgallbladderinflamed.

C.Hewassufferingfrominfluenza.

D.Hehaddevelopedabigkidneystone.

問題3選項

A.Abitbetter.

B.Terriblyawful.

C.Couldn'tbebetter.

D.Okay,butabitweak.

問題4選項

A.Tobeconfinedtoawheelchair.

B.Tostayindoorsforacompleterecovery.

C.Tostayinbedanddrinkalotofwater.

D.Tomoveaboutandenjoythesunshine.

問題5選項

A.From4p.m.to6p.m.

B.From5p.m.to7p.m.

C.From6p.m.to8p.m.

D.From7p.m.to9p.m.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】W:Hello.

M:Hello!

W:So,didyouhaveacomfortablenight?

M:No,notreally.

W:Sorrytohearthat.Andhowareyoufeelingatthemoment?

M:Abitbetter.

W:Youdon’tfeelsickatall?

M:No,I’mOK.

W:That’sgood!Areyouhavingsipsofwater?

M:No.

W:Wouldyoulikesome?

M:Well,Idon’treallyfeellike

W:Ah,youcan’tdrinkanythingatthemoment.

M:Thenurseshavebeengivingmemouthwashes.

W:Yes.Ithinkyoubegintopickupasthedaygoeson.Andwe’llcarryongivingyousomethingtoeasethediscomfort.Doesithurtmuch?

M:Well,itdoeswhenImoveabout.

W:Right.(19)Butthesoonerwehaveyouonthemove,thequickeryoustarttoheal.Sowe’llhelpyousitinthechairthisafternoon.Enjoythesunshine.

M:OK,Ican’tsayI’mreallylookingforwardtothat.

W:(17)YouhaveaprettybiggallstoneandtheGallbladderwasquiteinflamed.Therewasalotofinfectionarounditandinsideit.(16)Well,it’soutnow.Sononeedtoworryaboutit.Itwon’tcauseyouanymoretrouble.

M:Uh.

W:Anymorequestionsoranythingwecandoforyou?

M:No,IthinkI’mOK.(18)I’mfeelingabitofweakatthemoment.Whenwillmywifebeabletocomeandseeme?Thenursestoldmebefore,butIcan’tremember.

W:(20)Thevisitinghoursarefrom6to8intheevening.

M:OK,thankyou.She’llbeheretonightinthatcase.

W:Fine.I’llstopintoseeyoutomorrow.

M:Thankyou.

16.What’strueaboutthemanintheconversation?

【解析】女士說“Well,it’soutnow.Sononeedtoworryaboutit.Itwon’tcauseyouanymoretrouble”可知，男士得了膽結(jié)石，而且膽囊發(fā)炎，但現(xiàn)在取出來了，所以是剛經(jīng)歷過手術(shù)。故選B。

17.Whatwaswrongwiththeman?

【解析】女士說“Youhaveaprettybiggallstoneandthegallbladderwasquiteinflamed”，由此可知，他膽囊發(fā)炎了。故選B。

18.Howisthemanfeelingnow?

【解析】男士說“I’mfeelingabitofweakatthemoment”，由此可知，病人仍舊感到虛弱。

19.What’sthemansupposedtodoaccordingtothedoctor’sorders?

【解析】女士說“Butthesoonerwehaveyouonthemove,thequickeryoustarttoheal.Sowe’llhelpyousitinthechairthisafternoon.Enjoythesunshine”可知，男士會四處活動一下。故選D。

20.What’sthehospital’svisitinghours?

【解析】女士“Thevisitinghoursarefrom6to8intheevening”可知，探訪時間是晚上6點到8點。故選C。

7.單選題

TheSupremeCourtruledlastweekthatagroupofemployeessuingforagediscriminationshouldgettheirdayincourteventhoughtheyfiledtheircomplaintonthewrongform.Thedecisionisnoteworthybecauseitsuggeststhatthiscourtcouldbepullingbackfromwhathasoftenseemedlikeaknee-jerkinclinationtoruleforcorporationsoverworkersandcustomers.

Groupofcouriersovertheageof40suedFederalExpress,claimingittriedtopushoutolderworkers.TheissuewaswhethertheysubmittedapropercomplainttotheEqualEmploymentOpportunityCommissionwithinthelegaltimelimit.FedExclaimedthecouriersfiledthewrongform,butthecourtruled,7to2,thatanintakequestionnaireandasignedaffidavit—whichtheE.E.O.C.consideredavalidcomplaint—metits"permissivestandard"forwhatwasacceptable.

Itissurprisingandwelcometoseethecourtapplyanysortofpermissivestandard,consideringhowitruledinasimilarcasejustlastyear.Throughatorturedandillogicalreadingofthelaw,thecourtruled,5to4,thataGoodyearemployeemissedthedeadlineforfilingacomplaintthatshewaspaidlessthanmalecolleagues.

Thatwasoneofaseriesofrulingsinrecentyearsthatstretchedthelawtocomeoutagainstlittle-guyparties.Inoneegregiousdecisionlastyear,thecourtignoreditsprecedentstoholdthataninmatelosttherighttochallengehismurderconvictionbecausehemissedadeadline—eventhoughhehadfiledtheappealbythedaythefederaldistrictjudge(mistakenly)toldhimto.

TheFedExrulingcouldbeanaberration,oritcouldmarkanewdirection.ThejusticesmayhavebeenchastenedbytheenormouscriticismoftheGoodyearrulingfromCongressandthepublic.(TheHousehaspassedabillreversingit,andtheSenatemaysoonfollow.)Theymayalsobereacting—asthecourthasbeenknowntodo—toshiftingpoliticalwinds.Votersinthiselectionyeardonotappeartofavortheblinddeferencetocorporatepowerthathasbeenathemeofthelastsevenyears.

Itwouldbeamistaketoreadtoomuchintoonedecision.Thereiscertainlyevidencethecourtwillnoteasilyshakeitsunduesolicitudefortheproblemsofcorporations.Oneexamplecamelastweek,inExxon'schallengetoa$2.5billionpunitivedamagesawardagainstitarisingoutoftheExxonValdezoilspill.

ChiefJusticeJohnRoberts,whooncepracticedcorporatelaw,asked,"Sowhatcanacorporationdotoprotectitselfagainstpunitivedamagesawardssuchasthis?"Thecourthasbeenonacampaigntostrikedownlargeawardsofpunitivedamagesagainstcorporations,butthelawyerfortheoilspill'svictims,ProfessorJeffreyFisherofStanfordLawSchool,hadtheanswer:"Itcanhirefitandcompetentpeople."

1.Whatcouldbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphofthispassage?

2.Inthesecondparagraph,theauthorusestheexampleofFedExcouriers'caseto（）.

3.Theword"egregious"inthefourthparagraphmostprobablymeans（）.

4.Fromthelasttwoparagraphs,wecandrawtheconclusionthat（）.

5.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsthecourt'sverdictintheFedExcaseseemstobe（）

問題1選項

A.TheSupremeCourtseemedlikelytosupporttheemployees.

B.Courtsseemedlikelytoruleforcompaniesoverworkersandconsumers.

C.Agroupofemployeesfailedontheiraccusationbecausetheyfiledtheircomplaintonthewrongform.

D.AgroupofworkersgottheirholidaysfromtheverdictoftheSupremeCourt.

問題2選項

A.showitissurprisingthatthecourtappliedanysortofpermissivestandard

B.expressthatthepublicwelcometheapplicationofanysortofpermissivestandardbythecourt.

C.showthatFedExtriedtopushoutoldworkers

D.indicatethatthecourthaschangedsomeconventions

問題3選項

A.extremelybad

B.verysimilar

C.extravagant

D.quitenoticeable

問題4選項

A.thecourthasbeenonacampaigntoprotectthecorporations

B.thecourthasbeenonacampaigntoverdictforworkersandconsumers

C.thecourtwillnoteasilygiveupitssolicitudefortheproblemsofthecompanies

D.thecourtwillstillverdictforthecompaniesregardlessoftheFedExcase

問題5選項

A.cautiouslyoptimistic

B.suspicious

C.dissatisfied

D.indifferent

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“…thiscourtcouldbepullingbackfromwhathasoftenseemedlikeaknee-jerkinclinationtoruleforcorporationsoverworkersandcustomers.”，可知最高法院可能會撤回一種下意識的傾向，轉(zhuǎn)而為企業(yè)而非員工和客戶做出裁決?？赏茢喑龇ㄔ核坪鯐С謫T工。選項A符合題意。

2.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段第一句，“Itissurprisingandwelcometoseethecourtapplyanysortofpermissivestandard,consideringhowitruledinasimilarcasejustlastyear.”，可知考慮到最高法院去年在一起類似案件中是如何做出裁決的，它會采用任何一種寬容的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，這令人驚訝，也令人歡迎。又因為此句是對第二段內(nèi)容的一個總結(jié)和銜接，可推斷出第二段聯(lián)邦快遞的例子就是為了證明此觀點，法院竟然采用了一種寬容的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，這是令人驚訝的。選項A符合題意。

3.詞義理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“Inoneegregiousdecisionlastyear,thecourtignoreditsprecedentstoholdthataninmatelosttherighttochallengehismurderconvictionbecausehemissedadeadline…”，可知在去年的一項過分的裁決中，最高法院忽視其判例，認(rèn)定一名囚犯因為錯過了最后期限而失去了對謀殺罪提出質(zhì)疑的權(quán)利?？膳袛喑鰁gregious是一個消極意義的單詞，意為“極壞的，糟糕的，過分的”。選項A符合題意。

4.推斷題。A和D項都是對聯(lián)邦例子細(xì)節(jié)上的描寫和體現(xiàn)，并不是一個總結(jié)，可排除。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Thecourthasbeenonacampaigntostrikedownlargeawardsofpunitivedamagesagainstcorporations”，可知法院在進行一場運動，以廢除對公司的巨額懲罰性賠償，而且下文提到公司可以雇傭更加有能力的人，可判斷出法院并沒有一直做出有利于員工和消費者的裁決，選項B可排除。根據(jù)文章第六段，“Itwouldbeamistaketoreadtoomuchintoonedecision.Thereiscertainlyevidencethecourtwillnoteasilyshakeitsunduesolicitudefortheproblemsofcorporations.”，可知對一個判決進行過分解讀是錯誤的，有確鑿的證據(jù)表明，法院不會輕易動搖它對公司問題的過分關(guān)注?？赏茢喑龇ㄔ翰粫p易放棄對公司問題的關(guān)注。選項C符合題意。

5.推斷題。根據(jù)全文，可知作者對法院之前的裁決表現(xiàn)出不認(rèn)同的態(tài)度，根據(jù)文章第三段，“Itissurprisingandwelcometoseethecourtapplyanysortofpermissivestandard”，可知聯(lián)邦快遞事件的裁決運用了寬容標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，是令人驚訝并且受人歡迎的。但第五段第一句又提到對于本事件的裁決也可能標(biāo)志著一個新的方向?？赏茢喑鲎髡邔β?lián)邦快遞事件的法院判決的態(tài)度似乎是持懷疑態(tài)度的。選項B符合題意。

8.單選題

Ittookhimseveralmonthsto______thewildhorse.

問題1選項

A.tend

B.cultivate

C.tame

D.breed

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項tend“趨向，傾向”，B項cultivate“培養(yǎng)”，C項tame“馴服”，D項breed“使動物繁殖，培養(yǎng)”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞wildhorse“野馬”可知，C選項符合語境。句意：馴服那匹野馬花了他幾個月的時間。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

9.單選題

MissTracymovedtoNewYorkintheearly1960s,apparentlytoescapejealousfriendswhowerebecomingincreasingly（

）ofhersuccess.

問題1選項

A.delightful

B.graceful

C.resentful

D.respectful

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。delightful“可愛的；令人愉快的”；graceful“優(yōu)雅的”；resentful“氣憤的；厭惡的”；respectful“恭敬的；有禮貌的”。句意：特雷西女士在20世紀(jì)六十年早期搬到了紐約，明顯是為了逃離那些對她的成功嫉恨的朋友。選項C符合題意。

10.單選題

Intoday’smedical,littleagreementexistsonthe______fordefiningmentalillness.

問題1選項

A.legislation

B.requirement

C.criteria

D.measures

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.legislation立法，法律B.requirement要求，必要條件

C.criteria判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)D.measures措施，方法

【考查點】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】由definingmentalillness（定義精神疾?。┖蚢greement（意見）可知，“判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”符合句子意思。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

【干擾項排除】A、B、D選項都不符合句意。

【句意】在今天的醫(yī)學(xué)中，關(guān)于定義精神疾病的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)幾乎沒有一致的意見。

11.單選題

Startingwiththe（）thatthereislifeontheplanetMars,theRussianandAmericanscientistswentontodeveloptheirarguments.

問題1選項

A.premise

B.pretext

C.precondition

D.presentation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項premise“前提，假定，假設(shè)”；B選項pretext“借口，托辭”；C選項precondition“前提，先決條件”；D選項presentation“展示，描述”。句意：從火星上有生命這一假設(shè)出發(fā)，俄羅斯和美國的科學(xué)家繼續(xù)展開他們的爭論。火星上有生命這只是一個假設(shè)，所以選項A正確。

12.單選題

AskmostpeoplehowtheydefinetheAmericanDreamandchancesarethey’llsay,“Success.”ThedreamofindividualopportunityhasbeenhomeinAmericanssinceEuropeansdiscovereda“newworld”intheWesternHemisphere.EarlyimmigrantslikeHectorSt.JeandeCrevecoeurpraisedhighlythefreedomandopportunitytobefoundinthisnewland.HisglowingdescriptionsofaclasslesssocietywhereanyonecouldattainsuccessthroughhonestyandhardworkfiredtheimaginationsofmanyEuropeanreaders:inLettersfromanAmericanFarmer(1782)hewrote,“Weareallexcitedatthespiritofanindustrywhichisunfetteredandunrestrained,becauseeachpersonworksforhimself—Wehavenoprinces,forwhomwetoil,starve,andbleed:wearethemostperfectsocietynowexistingintheworld.”Thepromiseofalandwhere“therewardsofaman’sindustryfollowwithequalstepstheprogressofhislabor”drewpoorimmigrantsfromEuropeandfuelednationalexpansionintothewesternterritories.

OurnationalmythologyisfullofillustrationoftheAmericansuccessstory.There’sBenjaminFranklin,theverymodeloftheself-educated,self-mademan,whorosefrommodestoriginstobecomeawell-knownscientist,philosopher,andstatesman.Inthenineteenthcentury,HoratioAlger,awriteroffictionforyoungboys,becameAmerican’sbest-sellingauthorwithrags-to-richestales.Thenotionofsuccesshauntsus:wespendmillionseveryyearreadingabouttherichandfamous,learninghowto“makeafortuneinrealestatewithnomoneydown,”and“dressingforsuccess.”Themythofsuccesshaseveninvadedourpersonalrelationships:todayit’sasimportanttobe“successful”inmarriageorparenthoodsasitistocomeoutontopinbusiness.

Butdreamseasilyturnintonightmares.EveryAmericanwhohopesto“makeit”alsoknowsthefearoffailure,becausethemythofsuccessinevitablyimpliescomparisonbetweenthehavesandthehave-nots,thestarsandtheanonymouscrowd.Underpressureofthemyth,webecomeindulgedinstatussymbols:wetrytoliveinthe“right”neighborhoods,wearthe“right”clothes,eatthe“right”foods.Thesesymbolsofdistinctionassureusandothersthatwebelievestronglyinthefundamentalequalityofall,yetstriveashardaswecantoseparateourselvesfromourfellowcitizens.

1.WhatistheessenceoftheAmericanDreamaccordingtoCrevecoeur?

2.Bysaying“therewardsofaman’sindustryfollowwithequalstepstheprogressofhislabor”(Para.1),theauthormeans（）.

3.ThecharactersdescribedinHoratioAlger’snovelsarepeoplewho（）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastsentenceofthesecondparagraphthat（）.

5.WhatistheparadoxofAmericancultureaccordingtotheauthor?

問題1選項

A.Peoplearefreetodeveloptheirpowerofimagination.t

B.Peoplewhoarehonestandworkhardcansucceed.t

C.Peoplearefreefromexploitationandoppression.t

D.Peoplecanfullyenjoyindividualfreedom.t

問題2選項

A.themorediligentoneis,thebiggerhisreturnst

B.laboriousworkensuresthegrowthofanindustryt

C.aman’sbusinessshouldbedevelopedstepbystept

D.acompany’ssuccessdependsonitsemployees’hardworkt

問題3選項

A.succeededinrealestateinvestmentt

B.earnedenormousfortunesbychancest

C.becamewealthyafterstartinglifeverypoort

D.becamefamousdespitetheirmodestoriginst

問題4選項

A.businesssuccessoftencontributestoasuccessfulmarriaget

B.Americanswishtosucceedineveryaspectoflifet

C.goodpersonalrelationshipsleadtobusinesssuccesst

D.successfulbusinesspeopleprovidegoodcarefortheirchildrent

問題5選項

A.TheAmericanroadtosuccessisfullofnightmares.t

B.Statussymbolsarenotarealindicatorofaperson’swealth.t

C.TheAmericanDreamisnothingbutanemptydream.t

D.WhatAmericansstriveafteroftencontradictstheirbeliefs.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“在克雷夫科爾看來，美國夢的本質(zhì)是什么？”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第一段EarlyimmigrantslikeHectorSt.JeandeCrevecoeurpraisedhighlythefreedomandopportunitytobefoundinthisnewland.HisglowingdescriptionsofaclasslesssocietywhereanyonecouldattainsuccessthroughhonestyandhardworkfiredtheimaginationsofmanyEuropeanreaders（像克雷夫科爾這樣的早期移民高度贊揚了在這片新土地上發(fā)現(xiàn)的自由和機會；他對一個任何人都可以通過誠實和勤奮獲得成功的無階級社會的熱情洋溢的描述激發(fā)了許多歐洲讀者的想象力），由此可知，在克雷夫科爾看來，這里的人只要誠實、努力工作就會獲得成功的機會，而這種機會從根本上說是源自美國的自由；故D項“人們可以充分享受個人自由”符合題意。A項“人們可以自由地發(fā)展自己的想象力”，表述與原文不符合；B項“誠實和努力工作的人能成功”，表述太絕對；C項“人民從剝削和壓迫中解放出來”這不屬于克雷夫科爾的觀點。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

第2題:推理判斷題。題干意思是“第一段作者通過說‘一個人的辛勤勞動所得到的回報與他的勞動進步是同等的’的意思是……”。題干的句子出現(xiàn)在文章第一段最后一句話Thepromiseofalandwhere“therewardsofaman’sindustryfollowwithequalstepstheprogressofhislabor”drewpoorimmigrantsfromEuropeandfueledn