考研考博-英語-安徽大學(xué)江淮學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽大學(xué)江淮學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Whenshelearnedthatshebroketheworldrecord,shefeltanirresistible（）tocryatthewinner'sstand.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.courtesy

B.demonstrates

C.bravery

D.impulse

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析題。courtesy"禮貌的",demonstrate"舉行示威游行（或集會）;說明";bravery"勇敢";impulse"突如其來的念頭;剌激,推動力"。句意：當(dāng)她得知自己打破了世界紀(jì)錄時(shí)，情不自禁地在領(lǐng)獎(jiǎng)臺上落淚了。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

2.單選題

Afolkcultureisasmall,isolated,cohesive,conservative,nearlyself-sufficientgroupthatishomogeneousincustomandrace,withastrongfamilyorclanstructureandhighlydevelopedrituals.Orderismaintainedthroughsanctionsbasedinthereligionorfamily,andinterpersonalrelationshipsarestrong.Traditionisparamount,andchangecomesinfrequentlyandslowly.Thereisrelativelylittledivisionoflaborintospecializedduties.Rather,eachpersonisexpectedtoperforinagreatvarietyoftasks,thoughdutiesmaydifferbetweenthesexes.Mostgoodsarehandmade,andasubsistenceeconomyprevails.Individualismisweaklydevelopedinfolkculturesasaresocialclasses.UnalteredfolkculturesnolongerexistinindustrializedcountriessuchastheUniteStatesandCanada.PerhapsthenearestmodernequivalentinAnglo-AmericanistheAmish,aGermanAmericanfarmingsectthatlargelyrenouncestheproductsandlabor-savingdevicesoftheIndustrialage.InAmishareas,horsedrawnbuggiesstillseverasalocaltransportationdevice,andthefaithfularenotpermittedtoownautomobiles.TheAmish’scentralreligiousconceptofDemut,"humility",clearlyreflectstheweaknessofindividualismandsocialclassessotypicaloffolkcultures,andthereisacorrespondingstrengthofAmishgroupidentity.RarelydotheAmishmarryoutsidetheirsect.Thereligion,avarietyoftheMennonitefaith,providestheprincipalmechanism,formaintainingorder.

Bycontrast,apopularcultureisalargeheterogeneousgroup,oftenhighlyindividualisticandconstantlychanging.Relationshipstendtobeimpersonal,andapronounceddivisionoflaborexists,leadingtotheestablishmentofmanyspecializedprofessions.Secularinstitutionsofcontrolsuchasthepoliceandamiytaketheplaceofreligionandfamilyinmaintainingorder,andamoney-basedeconomyprevails.Becauseofthesecontrasts,“popular”maybeviewedasclearlydifferentfrom“folk”.

Thepopularisreplacingthefolkinindustrializedcountriesandinmanydevelopingnations.Folk-madeobjectsgivewaytotheirpopularequivalent,usuallybecausethepopularitemismorequicklyorcheaplyproduce,iseasierortime-savingtouse,orlendsmoreprestigetotheowner.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whichofthefollowingistypicaloffolkcultures?

3.WhatdoestheauthorimplyabouttheUnitedStatesandCanada?

4.WhatisthemainsourceoforderinAmishsociety?

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutAmishbeliefsdoesthepassagesupport?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Twodecadesinmodernsociety.

B.Theinfluenceofindustrialtechnology.

C.Thecharacteristicsof“folk”and“popular”societies

D.ThespecializationoflaborinCanadaandtheUnitedStates

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thereisamoney-basedeconomy

B.Socialchangeoccursslowly

C.Contactwithotherculturesisencouraged.

D.Eachpersondevelopsonespecializedskill.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyvaluefolkcultures.

B.Theyhavepopularcultures.

C.Theyhavenosocialclasses.

D.Theydonotvalueindividualism.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thegovernment.

B.Theclanstructure.

C.Theeconomy.

D.Thereligion.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Variousreligiouspracticesaretolerated.

B.Individualismandcompetitionareimportant.

C.Pre-moderntechnologyispreferred.

D.Peoplearedefinedaccordingtotheirclass.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。文章主要分為三個(gè)部分，第一個(gè)部分講述的是民間文化社會的特點(diǎn)，第二部分講述的是大眾文化社會的特點(diǎn)，第三部分是講述在工業(yè)時(shí)代的如今，大眾流行文化正在取代民間文化。選項(xiàng)A：二十年的現(xiàn)代社會；選項(xiàng)B:工業(yè)技術(shù)的影響；選項(xiàng)D：加拿大和美國的勞動專業(yè)化，以上選項(xiàng)均與原文不符。選項(xiàng)C:“民俗化”社會與“大眾化”社會的特征“為正確選項(xiàng)。

第2題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干意思定位到文章第一段中Traditionisparamount,andchangecomesinfrequentlyandslowly.Thereisrelativelylittledivisionoflaborintospecializedduties.“傳統(tǒng)是至高無上的，很少有改變，而且變化很慢。很少有專門的勞動分工。”由此可知選項(xiàng)B“社會變革發(fā)生得很慢”與原文相符，為正確選項(xiàng)，而選項(xiàng)A、C、D均與原文表述的意思相反。

第3題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意思是關(guān)于美國和加拿大，作者暗示了什么?可以定位到文章第—段中UnalteredfolkculturesnolongerexistinindustrializedcountriessuchastheUniteStatesandCanada.“在美國和加拿大等工業(yè)化國家，一成不變的民間文化已經(jīng)不復(fù)存在?！笨梢酝茢喑鰞蓚€(gè)國家的文化均已大眾流行化，由此可知B選項(xiàng)“它們有大眾流行文化”與原文意思相符，因此B為正確選項(xiàng)。

第4題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段最后一句Thereligion,avarietyoftheMennonitefaith,providestheprincipalmechanism,formaintainingorder.“其宗教，作為Mennonite信仰的一種，提供了維持秩序的主要機(jī)制。”由此可知D選項(xiàng)“宗教”為正確選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)A、B、C均與題意不符。

第5題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。選項(xiàng)A：容忍各種宗教活動。這與文章所表述的阿米什人很少與他們宗派以外的人通婚不符，因此錯(cuò)誤。選項(xiàng)B：個(gè)人主義和競爭很重要這與文章“theweaknessofindividualismandsocialclasses”意思不符，所以為錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)D：每個(gè)人發(fā)展一項(xiàng)專門技能，明顯與文中第一段描述不符。選項(xiàng)C：現(xiàn)代以前的技術(shù)更受喜歡，與原文“InAmishareas,horsedrawnbuggiesstillseverasalocaltransportationdevice,andthefaithfularenotpermittedtoownautomobiles.”所表述的意思“在Amish地區(qū)，輕便馬車仍然是當(dāng)?shù)氐慕煌üぞ?，信徒們不允許擁有汽車?！毕喾?，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Psychoanalyststendtoregardboth（）andmasochismasarisingfromchildhooddeprivation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.attachment

B.distinction

C.ingenuity

D.sadism

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。attachment“附屬（物）；依戀”；distinction“區(qū)別，分清”；ingenuity“獨(dú)創(chuàng)性，精巧，靈活性”；sadism“虐待狂，病態(tài)的殘忍”。句意：心理分析師傾向于將虐待狂和受虐狂看成是童年剝奪的結(jié)果。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.單選題

Ithaslongbeenknownthattherateofoxidativemetabolism(theprocessthatusesoxygentoconvertfoodintoenergy)inanyanimalhasaprofoundeffectonitslivingpatterns.Thehighmetabolicrateofsmallanimals,forexample,givesthemsustainedpowerandactivityperunitofweight,butatthecostofrequiringconstantconsumptionoffoodandwater.Verylargeanimals,withtheirrelativelylowmetabolicrates,cansurvivewellonasporadicfoodsupply,butcangeneratelittlemetabolicenergypergramofbodyweight.Ifonlyoxidativemetabolicrateisconsidered,therefore,onemightassumethatsmaller,moreactive,animalscouldpreyonlargerones,atleastiftheyattackedingroups.Perhapstheycouldifitwerenotforanaerobicglycolysis,thegreatequalizer.

Anaerobicglycolysisisaprocessinwhichenergyisproduced,withoutoxygen,throughthebreakdownofmuscleglycogenintolacticacidandadenosinetriphosphate(ATP),theenergyprovider.Theamountofenergythatcanbeproducedanaerobicallyisafunctionoftheamountofglycogenpresent——inallvertebratesabout0.5percentoftheirmuscles’netweight.Thustheanaerobicenergyreservesofavertebrateareproportionaltothesizeoftheanimal.If,forexample,somepredatorshadattackeda100-tendinosaur,normallytorpid,thedinosaurwouldhavebeenabletogeneratealmostinstantaneously,viaanaerobicglycolysis,theenergyof3,000humansatmaximumoxidativemetabolicenergyproduction.Thisexplainshowmanylargespecieshavemanagedtocompetewiththeirmoreactiveneighbors:thecompensationforalowoxidativemetabolicrateisglycolysis.

Therearelimitations,however,tothiscompensation.Theglycogenreservesofanyanimalaregood,atmost,foronlyabouttwominutesatmaximumeffort,afterwhichonlythenormaloxidativemetabolicsourceofenergyremains.Withtheconclusionofaburstofactivity,thelacticacidlevelishighinthebodyfluids,leavingthelargeanimalvulnerableto

attackuntiltheacidisreconverted,viaoxidativemetabolism,bytheliverintoglucose,whichisthensent(inpart)backtothemusclesforglycogenresynthesis.Duringthisprocesstheenormousenergydebtthattheanimalhasrunupthroughanaerobicglycolysismustberepaid,adebtthatisproportionallymuchgreaterforthelargervertebratesthanforthesmallerones.Whereasthetinyshrewcanreplaceinminutestheglycogenusedformaximumeffort,forexample,thegiganticdinosaurwouldhaverequiredmorethanthreeweeks.Itmightseemthatthisinterminablylongrecoverytimeinalargevertebratewouldproveagravedisadvantageforsurvival.Fortunately,muscleglycogenisusedonlywhenneededandeventhenonlyinwhateverquantityisnecessary.Onlyintimesofpanicorduringmortalcombatwouldtheentirereservesbeconsumed.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,amajorlimitationofanaerobicglycolysisisthatitcan（

）.

3.Thepassagesuggeststhatthetotalanaerobicenergyreservesofavertebrateareproportionaltothevertebrate’ssizebecause（

）.

4.Theauthorismostprobablyaddressingwhichofthefollowingaudiences?

5.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthecentralideaofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.refuteamisconceptionaboutanaerobicglycolysis

B.explainanaerobicglycolysisanditseffectsonanimalsurvival

C.describethelimitationsofanaerobicglycolysis

D.analyzethechemistryofanaerobicglycolysisanditssimilaritytooxidativemetabolism

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.produceinlargeanimalsmorelacticacidthanthelivercansafelyreconvert

B.necessitateadangerouslylongrecoveryperiodinlargeanimals

C.produceenergymoreslowlythanitcanbeusedbylargeanimals

D.consumealloftheavailableglycogenregardlessofneed

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.largervertebratesconservemoreenergythansmallervertebrates

B.largervertebratesuselessoxygenperunitweightthansmallervertebrates

C.theabilityofavertebratetoconsumefoodisafunctionofitssize

D.theamountofmuscletissueinavertebrateisdirectlyrelatedtoitssize

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Collegestudentsinanintroductorycourseonanimalphysiology

B.Historiansofscienceinvestigatingthediscoveryofanaerobicglycolysis

C.Graduatestudentswithspecializedtrainingincomparativeanatomy

D.ZoologistsinterestedinPrehistoricanimals

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thedisadvantageofalowoxidativemetabolicrateinlargeanimalscanbeoffsetbytheirabilitytoconvertsubstantialamountsofglycogenintoenergy.

B.Themostsignificantproblemfacinganimalsthathaveusedanaerobicglycolysisforenergyistheresynthesisofitsbyproduct,glucose,intoglycogen.

C.Thebenefitstoanimalsofanaerobicglycolysisareoffsetbytheprofoundcoststhatmustbepaid.

D.Themajorfactorensuringthatalargeanimalwilltriumphoverasmalleranimalisthelargeanimal’sabilitytoproduceenergyviaanaerobicglycolysis

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.文章第一段提到動作的氧化代謝率對它們生存方式造成的影響（inanyanimalhasaprofoundeffectonitslivingpatterns）；第二段解釋無氧糖酵解（Anaerobicglycolysisisaprocessinwhichenergyisproduced,withoutoxygen,throughthebreakdownofmuscleglycogenintolacticacidandadenosinetriphosphate(ATP),theenergyprovider）；第三段提到了無氧糖酵解的不足以及對動物的生存產(chǎn)生的影響。綜上所述，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.文章第三段第一句提到了補(bǔ)償?shù)木窒扌裕╰herearelimitations,however,tothiscompensation），指出動物由于無氧糖酵解所導(dǎo)致的大量能量消耗必須得到補(bǔ)償，然后又通過小松鼠為例來說明小型動物補(bǔ)償?shù)臅r(shí)間短，而大型動物則需要很長的時(shí)間才能完成補(bǔ)償，這就是補(bǔ)償?shù)木窒扌?。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.文章第二段第二句話Theamountofenergythatcanbeproducedanaerobicallyisafunctionoftheamountofglycogenpresent—inallvertebratesabout0.5percentoftheirmuscles’netweight.Thustheanaerobicenergyreservesofavertebrateareproportionaltothesizeoftheanimal提到了無氧糖酵解與動物體型的關(guān)系。隨后舉了恐龍的例子來解釋說明肌肉越多，糖原質(zhì)的含量就越多，體型大，肌肉多，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.文章主要介紹無氧糖酵解對動物的生存產(chǎn)生的影響，沒有使用一些非?；逎y懂的專業(yè)知識，因此作者最可能針對的是剛剛接觸相關(guān)學(xué)科的人群。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.文章主要提及了氧化代謝率較低的大型動物的不利原因。作者通過舉了恐龍這種大型動物來說明自己的觀點(diǎn)，比如一只100噸重的恐龍可以通過無氧糖酵解產(chǎn)生3000個(gè)人進(jìn)行氧化新陳代謝（viaanaerobicglycolysis,theenergyof3,000humansatmaximumoxidativemetabolicenergyproduction.）產(chǎn)生的最大的能量，從而保證大型動物能在激烈的叢林中生存。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.單選題

Familydisruptionhasbeensuggestedasacentralcauseofmanytroublesomesocialproblems.Morethanhalfofthedramaticincreaseinchildpovertyinthe1980’s（）toit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.arecontributed

B.arecontributable

C.isattributing

D.isattributable

【答案】D

【解析】語法題。contribute“貢獻(xiàn)，出力”；attribute“歸因于”。詞組attributeto通常用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，選項(xiàng)C可排除。句意：有人認(rèn)為家庭破裂是許多棘手的社會問題的主要原因。上世紀(jì)80年代，兒童貧困的急劇增加，有一半以上的問題要?dú)w因于貧困。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

6.單選題

16-20

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Heishavingaphysicalcheckup.

B.Hehasjustundergoneanoperation.

C.Hehasjustrecoveredfromanillness.

D.Hewillbedischargedfromthehospitalthisafternoon.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Hegotaninfectioninthelungs.

B.Hehadhisgallbladderinflamed.

C.Hewassufferingfrominfluenza.

D.Hehaddevelopedabigkidneystone.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Abitbetter.

B.Terriblyawful.

C.Couldn'tbebetter.

D.Okay,butabitweak.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Tobeconfinedtoawheelchair.

B.Tostayindoorsforacompleterecovery.

C.Tostayinbedanddrinkalotofwater.

D.Tomoveaboutandenjoythesunshine.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.From4p.m.to6p.m.

B.From5p.m.to7p.m.

C.From6p.m.to8p.m.

D.From7p.m.to9p.m.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】W:Hello.

M:Hello!

W:So,didyouhaveacomfortablenight?

M:No,notreally.

W:Sorrytohearthat.Andhowareyoufeelingatthemoment?

M:Abitbetter.

W:Youdon’tfeelsickatall?

M:No,I’mOK.

W:That’sgood!Areyouhavingsipsofwater?

M:No.

W:Wouldyoulikesome?

M:Well,Idon’treallyfeellike

W:Ah,youcan’tdrinkanythingatthemoment.

M:Thenurseshavebeengivingmemouthwashes.

W:Yes.Ithinkyoubegintopickupasthedaygoeson.Andwe’llcarryongivingyousomethingtoeasethediscomfort.Doesithurtmuch?

M:Well,itdoeswhenImoveabout.

W:Right.(19)Butthesoonerwehaveyouonthemove,thequickeryoustarttoheal.Sowe’llhelpyousitinthechairthisafternoon.Enjoythesunshine.

M:OK,Ican’tsayI’mreallylookingforwardtothat.

W:(17)YouhaveaprettybiggallstoneandtheGallbladderwasquiteinflamed.Therewasalotofinfectionarounditandinsideit.(16)Well,it’soutnow.Sononeedtoworryaboutit.Itwon’tcauseyouanymoretrouble.

M:Uh.

W:Anymorequestionsoranythingwecandoforyou?

M:No,IthinkI’mOK.(18)I’mfeelingabitofweakatthemoment.Whenwillmywifebeabletocomeandseeme?Thenursestoldmebefore,butIcan’tremember.

W:(20)Thevisitinghoursarefrom6to8intheevening.

M:OK,thankyou.She’llbeheretonightinthatcase.

W:Fine.I’llstopintoseeyoutomorrow.

M:Thankyou.

16.What’strueaboutthemanintheconversation?

【解析】女士說“Well,it’soutnow.Sononeedtoworryaboutit.Itwon’tcauseyouanymoretrouble”可知，男士得了膽結(jié)石，而且膽囊發(fā)炎，但現(xiàn)在取出來了，所以是剛經(jīng)歷過手術(shù)。故選B。

17.Whatwaswrongwiththeman?

【解析】女士說“Youhaveaprettybiggallstoneandthegallbladderwasquiteinflamed”，由此可知，他膽囊發(fā)炎了。故選B。

18.Howisthemanfeelingnow?

【解析】男士說“I’mfeelingabitofweakatthemoment”，由此可知，病人仍舊感到虛弱。

19.What’sthemansupposedtodoaccordingtothedoctor’sorders?

【解析】女士說“Butthesoonerwehaveyouonthemove,thequickeryoustarttoheal.Sowe’llhelpyousitinthechairthisafternoon.Enjoythesunshine”可知，男士會四處活動一下。故選D。

20.What’sthehospital’svisitinghours?

【解析】女士“Thevisitinghoursarefrom6to8intheevening”可知，探訪時(shí)間是晚上6點(diǎn)到8點(diǎn)。故選C。

7.單選題

TheSupremeCourtruledlastweekthatagroupofemployeessuingforagediscriminationshouldgettheirdayincourteventhoughtheyfiledtheircomplaintonthewrongform.Thedecisionisnoteworthybecauseitsuggeststhatthiscourtcouldbepullingbackfromwhathasoftenseemedlikeaknee-jerkinclinationtoruleforcorporationsoverworkersandcustomers.

Groupofcouriersovertheageof40suedFederalExpress,claimingittriedtopushoutolderworkers.TheissuewaswhethertheysubmittedapropercomplainttotheEqualEmploymentOpportunityCommissionwithinthelegaltimelimit.FedExclaimedthecouriersfiledthewrongform,butthecourtruled,7to2,thatanintakequestionnaireandasignedaffidavit—whichtheE.E.O.C.consideredavalidcomplaint—metits"permissivestandard"forwhatwasacceptable.

Itissurprisingandwelcometoseethecourtapplyanysortofpermissivestandard,consideringhowitruledinasimilarcasejustlastyear.Throughatorturedandillogicalreadingofthelaw,thecourtruled,5to4,thataGoodyearemployeemissedthedeadlineforfilingacomplaintthatshewaspaidlessthanmalecolleagues.

Thatwasoneofaseriesofrulingsinrecentyearsthatstretchedthelawtocomeoutagainstlittle-guyparties.Inoneegregiousdecisionlastyear,thecourtignoreditsprecedentstoholdthataninmatelosttherighttochallengehismurderconvictionbecausehemissedadeadline—eventhoughhehadfiledtheappealbythedaythefederaldistrictjudge(mistakenly)toldhimto.

TheFedExrulingcouldbeanaberration,oritcouldmarkanewdirection.ThejusticesmayhavebeenchastenedbytheenormouscriticismoftheGoodyearrulingfromCongressandthepublic.(TheHousehaspassedabillreversingit,andtheSenatemaysoonfollow.)Theymayalsobereacting—asthecourthasbeenknowntodo—toshiftingpoliticalwinds.Votersinthiselectionyeardonotappeartofavortheblinddeferencetocorporatepowerthathasbeenathemeofthelastsevenyears.

Itwouldbeamistaketoreadtoomuchintoonedecision.Thereiscertainlyevidencethecourtwillnoteasilyshakeitsunduesolicitudefortheproblemsofcorporations.Oneexamplecamelastweek,inExxon'schallengetoa$2.5billionpunitivedamagesawardagainstitarisingoutoftheExxonValdezoilspill.

ChiefJusticeJohnRoberts,whooncepracticedcorporatelaw,asked,"Sowhatcanacorporationdotoprotectitselfagainstpunitivedamagesawardssuchasthis?"Thecourthasbeenonacampaigntostrikedownlargeawardsofpunitivedamagesagainstcorporations,butthelawyerfortheoilspill'svictims,ProfessorJeffreyFisherofStanfordLawSchool,hadtheanswer:"Itcanhirefitandcompetentpeople."

1.Whatcouldbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphofthispassage?

2.Inthesecondparagraph,theauthorusestheexampleofFedExcouriers'caseto（）.

3.Theword"egregious"inthefourthparagraphmostprobablymeans（）.

4.Fromthelasttwoparagraphs,wecandrawtheconclusionthat（）.

5.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsthecourt'sverdictintheFedExcaseseemstobe（）

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheSupremeCourtseemedlikelytosupporttheemployees.

B.Courtsseemedlikelytoruleforcompaniesoverworkersandconsumers.

C.Agroupofemployeesfailedontheiraccusationbecausetheyfiledtheircomplaintonthewrongform.

D.AgroupofworkersgottheirholidaysfromtheverdictoftheSupremeCourt.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.showitissurprisingthatthecourtappliedanysortofpermissivestandard

B.expressthatthepublicwelcometheapplicationofanysortofpermissivestandardbythecourt.

C.showthatFedExtriedtopushoutoldworkers

D.indicatethatthecourthaschangedsomeconventions

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.extremelybad

B.verysimilar

C.extravagant

D.quitenoticeable

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thecourthasbeenonacampaigntoprotectthecorporations

B.thecourthasbeenonacampaigntoverdictforworkersandconsumers

C.thecourtwillnoteasilygiveupitssolicitudefortheproblemsofthecompanies

D.thecourtwillstillverdictforthecompaniesregardlessoftheFedExcase

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.cautiouslyoptimistic

B.suspicious

C.dissatisfied

D.indifferent

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“…thiscourtcouldbepullingbackfromwhathasoftenseemedlikeaknee-jerkinclinationtoruleforcorporationsoverworkersandcustomers.”，可知最高法院可能會撤回一種下意識的傾向，轉(zhuǎn)而為企業(yè)而非員工和客戶做出裁決?？赏茢喑龇ㄔ核坪鯐С謫T工。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段第一句，“Itissurprisingandwelcometoseethecourtapplyanysortofpermissivestandard,consideringhowitruledinasimilarcasejustlastyear.”，可知考慮到最高法院去年在一起類似案件中是如何做出裁決的，它會采用任何一種寬容的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，這令人驚訝，也令人歡迎。又因?yàn)榇司涫菍Φ诙蝺?nèi)容的一個(gè)總結(jié)和銜接，可推斷出第二段聯(lián)邦快遞的例子就是為了證明此觀點(diǎn)，法院竟然采用了一種寬容的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，這是令人驚訝的。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.詞義理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“Inoneegregiousdecisionlastyear,thecourtignoreditsprecedentstoholdthataninmatelosttherighttochallengehismurderconvictionbecausehemissedadeadline…”，可知在去年的一項(xiàng)過分的裁決中，最高法院忽視其判例，認(rèn)定一名囚犯因?yàn)殄e(cuò)過了最后期限而失去了對謀殺罪提出質(zhì)疑的權(quán)利?？膳袛喑鰁gregious是一個(gè)消極意義的單詞，意為“極壞的，糟糕的，過分的”。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.推斷題。A和D項(xiàng)都是對聯(lián)邦例子細(xì)節(jié)上的描寫和體現(xiàn)，并不是一個(gè)總結(jié)，可排除。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Thecourthasbeenonacampaigntostrikedownlargeawardsofpunitivedamagesagainstcorporations”，可知法院在進(jìn)行一場運(yùn)動，以廢除對公司的巨額懲罰性賠償，而且下文提到公司可以雇傭更加有能力的人，可判斷出法院并沒有一直做出有利于員工和消費(fèi)者的裁決，選項(xiàng)B可排除。根據(jù)文章第六段，“Itwouldbeamistaketoreadtoomuchintoonedecision.Thereiscertainlyevidencethecourtwillnoteasilyshakeitsunduesolicitudefortheproblemsofcorporations.”，可知對一個(gè)判決進(jìn)行過分解讀是錯(cuò)誤的，有確鑿的證據(jù)表明，法院不會輕易動搖它對公司問題的過分關(guān)注?？赏茢喑龇ㄔ翰粫p易放棄對公司問題的關(guān)注。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.推斷題。根據(jù)全文，可知作者對法院之前的裁決表現(xiàn)出不認(rèn)同的態(tài)度，根據(jù)文章第三段，“Itissurprisingandwelcometoseethecourtapplyanysortofpermissivestandard”，可知聯(lián)邦快遞事件的裁決運(yùn)用了寬容標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，是令人驚訝并且受人歡迎的。但第五段第一句又提到對于本事件的裁決也可能標(biāo)志著一個(gè)新的方向?？赏茢喑鲎髡邔β?lián)邦快遞事件的法院判決的態(tài)度似乎是持懷疑態(tài)度的。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

8.單選題

Ittookhimseveralmonthsto______thewildhorse.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tend

B.cultivate

C.tame

D.breed

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項(xiàng)tend“趨向，傾向”，B項(xiàng)cultivate“培養(yǎng)”，C項(xiàng)tame“馴服”，D項(xiàng)breed“使動物繁殖，培養(yǎng)”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞wildhorse“野馬”可知，C選項(xiàng)符合語境。句意：馴服那匹野馬花了他幾個(gè)月的時(shí)間。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

MissTracymovedtoNewYorkintheearly1960s,apparentlytoescapejealousfriendswhowerebecomingincreasingly（

）ofhersuccess.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.delightful

B.graceful

C.resentful

D.respectful

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。delightful“可愛的；令人愉快的”；graceful“優(yōu)雅的”；resentful“氣憤的；厭惡的”；respectful“恭敬的；有禮貌的”。句意：特雷西女士在20世紀(jì)六十年早期搬到了紐約，明顯是為了逃離那些對她的成功嫉恨的朋友。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

10.單選題

Intoday’smedical,littleagreementexistsonthe______fordefiningmentalillness.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.legislation

B.requirement

C.criteria

D.measures

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.legislation立法，法律B.requirement要求，必要條件

C.criteria判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)D.measures措施，方法

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】由definingmentalillness（定義精神疾?。┖蚢greement（意見）可知，“判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”符合句子意思。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)都不符合句意。

【句意】在今天的醫(yī)學(xué)中，關(guān)于定義精神疾病的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)幾乎沒有一致的意見。

11.單選題

Startingwiththe（）thatthereislifeontheplanetMars,theRussianandAmericanscientistswentontodeveloptheirarguments.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.premise

B.pretext

C.precondition

D.presentation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)premise“前提，假定，假設(shè)”；B選項(xiàng)pretext“借口，托辭”；C選項(xiàng)precondition“前提，先決條件”；D選項(xiàng)presentation“展示，描述”。句意：從火星上有生命這一假設(shè)出發(fā)，俄羅斯和美國的科學(xué)家繼續(xù)展開他們的爭論。火星上有生命這只是一個(gè)假設(shè)，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

12.單選題

AskmostpeoplehowtheydefinetheAmericanDreamandchancesarethey’llsay,“Success.”ThedreamofindividualopportunityhasbeenhomeinAmericanssinceEuropeansdiscovereda“newworld”intheWesternHemisphere.EarlyimmigrantslikeHectorSt.JeandeCrevecoeurpraisedhighlythefreedomandopportunitytobefoundinthisnewland.HisglowingdescriptionsofaclasslesssocietywhereanyonecouldattainsuccessthroughhonestyandhardworkfiredtheimaginationsofmanyEuropeanreaders:inLettersfromanAmericanFarmer(1782)hewrote,“Weareallexcitedatthespiritofanindustrywhichisunfetteredandunrestrained,becauseeachpersonworksforhimself—Wehavenoprinces,forwhomwetoil,starve,andbleed:wearethemostperfectsocietynowexistingintheworld.”Thepromiseofalandwhere“therewardsofaman’sindustryfollowwithequalstepstheprogressofhislabor”drewpoorimmigrantsfromEuropeandfuelednationalexpansionintothewesternterritories.

OurnationalmythologyisfullofillustrationoftheAmericansuccessstory.There’sBenjaminFranklin,theverymodeloftheself-educated,self-mademan,whorosefrommodestoriginstobecomeawell-knownscientist,philosopher,andstatesman.Inthenineteenthcentury,HoratioAlger,awriteroffictionforyoungboys,becameAmerican’sbest-sellingauthorwithrags-to-richestales.Thenotionofsuccesshauntsus:wespendmillionseveryyearreadingabouttherichandfamous,learninghowto“makeafortuneinrealestatewithnomoneydown,”and“dressingforsuccess.”Themythofsuccesshaseveninvadedourpersonalrelationships:todayit’sasimportanttobe“successful”inmarriageorparenthoodsasitistocomeoutontopinbusiness.

Butdreamseasilyturnintonightmares.EveryAmericanwhohopesto“makeit”alsoknowsthefearoffailure,becausethemythofsuccessinevitablyimpliescomparisonbetweenthehavesandthehave-nots,thestarsandtheanonymouscrowd.Underpressureofthemyth,webecomeindulgedinstatussymbols:wetrytoliveinthe“right”neighborhoods,wearthe“right”clothes,eatthe“right”foods.Thesesymbolsofdistinctionassureusandothersthatwebelievestronglyinthefundamentalequalityofall,yetstriveashardaswecantoseparateourselvesfromourfellowcitizens.

1.WhatistheessenceoftheAmericanDreamaccordingtoCrevecoeur?

2.Bysaying“therewardsofaman’sindustryfollowwithequalstepstheprogressofhislabor”(Para.1),theauthormeans（）.

3.ThecharactersdescribedinHoratioAlger’snovelsarepeoplewho（）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastsentenceofthesecondparagraphthat（）.

5.WhatistheparadoxofAmericancultureaccordingtotheauthor?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Peoplearefreetodeveloptheirpowerofimagination.t

B.Peoplewhoarehonestandworkhardcansucceed.t

C.Peoplearefreefromexploitationandoppression.t

D.Peoplecanfullyenjoyindividualfreedom.t

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.themorediligentoneis,thebiggerhisreturnst

B.laboriousworkensuresthegrowthofanindustryt

C.aman’sbusinessshouldbedevelopedstepbystept

D.acompany’ssuccessdependsonitsemployees’hardworkt

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.succeededinrealestateinvestmentt

B.earnedenormousfortunesbychancest

C.becamewealthyafterstartinglifeverypoort

D.becamefamousdespitetheirmodestoriginst

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.businesssuccessoftencontributestoasuccessfulmarriaget

B.Americanswishtosucceedineveryaspectoflifet

C.goodpersonalrelationshipsleadtobusinesssuccesst

D.successfulbusinesspeopleprovidegoodcarefortheirchildrent

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.TheAmericanroadtosuccessisfullofnightmares.t

B.Statussymbolsarenotarealindicatorofaperson’swealth.t

C.TheAmericanDreamisnothingbutanemptydream.t

D.WhatAmericansstriveafteroftencontradictstheirbeliefs.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“在克雷夫科爾看來，美國夢的本質(zhì)是什么？”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第一段EarlyimmigrantslikeHectorSt.JeandeCrevecoeurpraisedhighlythefreedomandopportunitytobefoundinthisnewland.HisglowingdescriptionsofaclasslesssocietywhereanyonecouldattainsuccessthroughhonestyandhardworkfiredtheimaginationsofmanyEuropeanreaders（像克雷夫科爾這樣的早期移民高度贊揚(yáng)了在這片新土地上發(fā)現(xiàn)的自由和機(jī)會；他對一個(gè)任何人都可以通過誠實(shí)和勤奮獲得成功的無階級社會的熱情洋溢的描述激發(fā)了許多歐洲讀者的想象力），由此可知，在克雷夫科爾看來，這里的人只要誠實(shí)、努力工作就會獲得成功的機(jī)會，而這種機(jī)會從根本上說是源自美國的自由；故D項(xiàng)“人們可以充分享受個(gè)人自由”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“人們可以自由地發(fā)展自己的想象力”，表述與原文不符合；B項(xiàng)“誠實(shí)和努力工作的人能成功”，表述太絕對；C項(xiàng)“人民從剝削和壓迫中解放出來”這不屬于克雷夫科爾的觀點(diǎn)。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:推理判斷題。題干意思是“第一段作者通過說‘一個(gè)人的辛勤勞動所得到的回報(bào)與他的勞動進(jìn)步是同等的’的意思是……”。題干的句子出現(xiàn)在文章第一段最后一句話Thepromiseofalandwhere“therewardsofaman’sindustryfollowwithequalstepstheprogressofhislabor”drewpoorimmigrantsfromEuropeandfueledn