考研考博-英語(yǔ)-定西師范高等?？茖W(xué)?？荚囇侯}三合一+答案詳解2

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-定西師范高等?？茖W(xué)?？荚囇侯}三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

______,manyoperationsonceperformedbyhandhavecometobeperformedbymachine.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Newtechnologyisintroducedfor

B.Introducingnewtechnologyand

C.Withtheintroductionofnewtechnology

D.Theintroductionofnewtechnology

【答案】C

【解析】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。后半句句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，所以前半句應(yīng)該是做修飾的成分或者并列句。A選項(xiàng)做句子for后面缺少成分；B項(xiàng)and應(yīng)該連接兩個(gè)完整的句子，但是前面句子成分不全；C項(xiàng)with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，做伴隨狀語(yǔ)，符合題意；D項(xiàng)逗號(hào)前后構(gòu)不成邏輯關(guān)系。句意：隨著新技術(shù)的引進(jìn)，許多曾經(jīng)由手工完成的操作現(xiàn)在都由機(jī)器來(lái)完成。故正確答案為C。

2.單選題

Afterbeingdiagnosedashavingtuberculosis,shemovedtotheSouth______herhealth.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.atthecostof

B.onthevergeof

C.forthesakeof

D.asaresultof

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)atthecostof“以……為代價(jià)”，B項(xiàng)onthevergeof“處于……的邊緣”，C項(xiàng)forthesakeof“為了……”，D項(xiàng)asaresultof“因此，由于”。根據(jù)句子意思“在被診斷患有肺結(jié)核后，她搬到了南方……她的健康。”可推斷，空格處應(yīng)該表示原因，A、B選項(xiàng)排除；D選項(xiàng)單純指某一個(gè)原因造成的結(jié)果；C選項(xiàng)有比較強(qiáng)的目的性，所以C選項(xiàng)最符合。句意：在被診斷患有肺結(jié)核后，她為了自己的健康搬到了南方。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

TheInternet,E-commerceandglobalizationaremakinganeweconomicerapossible.Inthefuture,capitalistmarketswilllargelybereplacedbyanewkindofeconomicsystembasedonnetworkedrelationships,contractualarrangementsandaccessrights.

Hasthequalityofourlivesatwork,athomeandinourcommunitiesincreasedindirectproportiontoallthenewInternetandbusiness-to-businessInternetservicesbeingintroducedintoourlives?IhaveaskedthisquestionofhundredsofCEOsandcorporateexecutivesinEuropeandtheUnitedStates.Surprisingly,virtuallyeveryonehassaid,“No,quitecontrary.”Theverypeopleresponsibleforusheringinwhatsomehavecalleda“technologicalrenaissance”saytheyareworkinglongerhours,feelmorestressed,aremoreimpatient,andareevenlesscivilintheirdealingswithcolleaguesandfriends―nottomentionstrangers.Andwhat’smorerevealing,theyplacemuchoftheblameontheverysametechnologiestheyaresoaggressivelychampioning.

Thetechnogurus(領(lǐng)袖)promisedusthataccesswouldmakelifemoreconvenientandgiveusmoretime.Instead,theverytechnologicalwondersthatweresupposedtoliberateushavebeguntoenslaveusinawebofconnectionsfromwhichthereseemstobenoeasyescape.

Ifanearliergenerationwaspreoccupiedwiththequesttoencloseavastgeographicfrontier,generation,itseems,ismorecaughtupinthecolonizationoftime.Everysparemomentofourtimeisbeingfilledwithsomeformofcommercialconnection,makingtimeitselfthemostscarceofallresources.Oure-mail,voicemailandcellphones,our24hourInteractnewsandentertainmentallseizeforourattention.

Andwhilewehavecreatedeverykindoflabor-andtime-savingdevicetoserviceourneeds,wearebeginningtofeellikewehavelesstimeavailabletousthananyotherhumansinhistory.Thatisbecausethegreatproliferationoflabor-andtime-savingservicesonlyincreasesthediversity,paceandflowofcommoditizedactivityaroundus.Forexample,e-mailisagreatconvenience.However,wenowfindourselvesspendingmuchofourdayfranticallyrespondingtoeachother’selectronicmessages.Thecellphoneisagreattime-saver.Exceptnowwearealwayspotentiallyinreachofsomeoneelsewhowantsourattention.

Socialconservativestalkaboutthedeclineincivilityandblameitonthelossofamoralcompassandreligiousvalues.Hasanyonebotheredtoaskwhetherthehyperspeedcultureismakingallofuslesspatientandlesswillingtolistenanddefer,considerandreflect?

Maybeweneedtoaskwhatkindsofconnectionsreallycountandwhattypesofaccessreallymatterinthee-economyera.Ifthisnewtechnologyrevolutionisonlyabouthyperefficiency,thenwerisklosingsomethingevenpreciousthantime―oursenseofwhatitmeanstobeacaringhumanbeing.

1.Accordingtothepassage,corporateexecutivesthinkthat______.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

3.Wgeneration?

4.Inthesixthparagraph,theauthorimpliedthat______.

5.Anappropriatetitleforthepassagemightbe______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.technologyrenaissanceshouldbepushedforward

B.technologyhasaprofoundimpactontheirlives.

C.technologyactuallyresultsinadeclineintheirlifequality

D.technologyshouldbeaggressivelychampioned

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Technologywassupposedtofreepeople.

B.Tgenerationbecameslavesoftechnology.

C.Newtechnologiesoccupymuchofourtime.

D.Itisdifficulttoavoidtheinfluenceoftechnologywonders.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Technologicalwonders.

B.Accesstoinformation.

C.Time

D.Time-savingdevices.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.socialconservativesblamedthelossofmoralityontechnology

B.generationwaslesscivilthantheearliergenerations

C.thehyperspeedcultureledtothedeclineincivility

D.technologymightmakepeoplelessimpatient

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.TheNewInternetLife

B.TheDrawbacksoftooMuchAccess

C.TheFailureofTechnologicalRenaissance

D.TheDecliningQualityofLife

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的Hasthequalityofourlivesatwork,athomeandinourcommunitiesincreasedindirectproportiontoallthenewInternetandbusiness-to-businessInternetservicesbeingintroducedintoourlives?“No,quitecontrary.”（我們?cè)诠ぷ鳌⒓彝ズ蜕鐓^(qū)的生活質(zhì)量是否與我們生活中引入的所有新互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和企業(yè)對(duì)企業(yè)的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)服務(wù)成正比？“不，完全相反?！保┛芍狢選項(xiàng)“技術(shù)實(shí)際上導(dǎo)致了他們生活質(zhì)量的下降”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中的Instead,theverytechnologicalwondersthatweresupposedtoliberateushavebeguntoenslaveusinawebofconnectionsfromwhichthereseemstobenoeasyescape.（相反，本應(yīng)解放我們的科技奇跡，卻開(kāi)始把我們束縛在一個(gè)似乎無(wú)法輕易擺脫的聯(lián)系網(wǎng)中）但并不是說(shuō)網(wǎng)絡(luò)一代變成了技術(shù)的奴隸，因此選B。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第四段中的Everysparemomentofourtimeisbeingfilledwithsomeformofcommercialconnection,makingtimeitselfthemostscarceofallresources.（我們的每一個(gè)空閑時(shí)間都充滿了某種形式的商業(yè)聯(lián)系，使時(shí)間本身成為所有資源中最稀缺的）可知選C。

4.推理判斷題。文章第六段中的Hasanyonebotheredtoaskwhetherthehyperspeedcultureismakingallofuslesspatientandlesswillingtolistenanddefer,considerandreflect?（有沒(méi)有人問(wèn)過(guò)，高速發(fā)展的文化是否讓我們所有人都變得不那么有耐心，不太愿意傾聽(tīng)、推遲、考慮和反思？）可知D選項(xiàng)“科技可能會(huì)使人失去耐心”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了科技給人們生活帶來(lái)的負(fù)面影響，因此B選項(xiàng)“使用過(guò)多的缺點(diǎn)”符合題意。

4.單選題

（）firetestsgold,sodoesadversitytestscourage.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Like

B.Alike

C.As

D.Comparing

【答案】C

【解析】考查連詞。Like“像”，可作介詞；alike“相同的，相似的”，可作形容詞；as“像……”，可作介詞；comparing“比較”，可作動(dòng)詞。此處“firetestsgold”為一個(gè)完整的句子，所以要用連詞，句意：就好像真金不怕火煉一樣，意志不畏艱難。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.單選題

Heisvery（）ofhisconductandpromisesnevertobehavelikethatagain.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sorry

B.miserable

C.ashamed

D.guilty

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)sorry“遺憾的；對(duì)不起的”；B選項(xiàng)miserable“悲慘的；痛苦的”；C選項(xiàng)ashamed“羞愧的；慚愧的”；D選項(xiàng)guilty“內(nèi)疚的”。句意：他對(duì)自己的行為非?！?，并保證再也不那樣做了。由promisesnevertobehavelikethatagain.（保證再也不會(huì)那樣做了。）可知他對(duì)自己的行為表示羞愧，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Whenmakingmoderncameras,peoplebeganto（）plasticsformetal.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.surround

B.substance

C.stretch

D.substitute

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。surround“環(huán)繞，包圍”；substance“物質(zhì)”；stretch“伸展，拉緊”；substitute“替換，代替”。句意：做現(xiàn)代攝像頭時(shí)，人們開(kāi)始用塑料替換金屬。D項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.單選題

Itshardlyevernecessarytoaskahungryboytocometodinnertwicebecausehehasahearty

A

B

C

appetitethatgetshimtothetablequickly.

D

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itshardlyever

B.tocometo

C.tocometo

D.tocometo

【答案】A

【解析】考查it形式主語(yǔ)。It’s+形容詞+todo表示“做某事怎么樣”。it在句中做形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)為后面的不定式。

試題答案：A;it’shardlyevernecessary

8.單選題

Inthe1950s,thepioneersofartificialintelligence（AI）predictedthat,bytheendofthiscentury,computerswouldbeconversingwithusatworkandrobotswouldbeperformingourhousework.Butasusefulascomputersare,they’renowhereclosetoachievinganythingremotelyresemblingtheseearlyaspirationsforhumanlikebehavior.35.Nevermindsomethingascomplexasconversationsthemostpowerfulcomputersstruguletoreliablyrecognizetheshapeofanobjectthemostelementaryoftasksforaten-month-oldkid.

AgrowinggroupofAIresearchersthinktheyknowwheretheheldwentwrong.Theproblem,thescientistssay,isthatAIhasbeentryingtoseparatethehighest,mostabstractlevelsofthought,likelanguageandmathematics,andtoduplicatethemwithlogical,step-by-stepprograms.AnewmovementinAI,ontheotherhand,takesacloserlookatthemoreroundaboutwayinwhichnaturecameupwithintelligence.Manyoftheseresearchersstudyevolutionandnaturaladaptationinsteadofformallogicandconventionalcomputerprograms.Ratherthandigitalcomputersandtransistors,somewanttoworkwithbraincellsandproteins.Theresultsoftheseearlyeffortsareaspromisingastheyarepeculiar,andthenewnature-basedAImovementisslowlybutsurelymovingtotheforefrontofthefield.

Imitatingthebrain'sneural,networkisahugestepintherightdirection,sayscomputerscientistandbiophysicistMichaelConrad,butitstillmissesanimportantaspectofnaturalintelligence.“Peopletendtotreatthebrainasifitweremadeupofcolor-codedtransistors”,heexplains,“butit’snotsimplyaclevernetworkofswitches.Therearelotsofimportantthingsgoingoninsidethebraincellsthemselves.”Specifically,Conradbelievesthatmanyofthebrain’scapabilitiesstemfromthepattern-recognitionproficiencyoftheindividualmoleculesthatmakeupeachbraincell.Thebestwaytobuildandartificiallyintelligentdevice,heclaims,wouldbetobuilditaroundthesamesortofmolecularskills.

Rightnow,thenotionthatconventionalcomputersandsoftwarearefundamentallyincapableofmatchingtheprocessesthattakeplaceinthebrainremainscontroversial.Butifitprovestrue,thentheeffortsofConradandhisfellowAIrebelscouldturnouttobetheonlygameintown.

1.Theauthorsaysthatthepowerfulcomputersoftoday（）.

2.Thenewtrendinartificialintelligenceresearchstemsfrom（）.

3.ConradandhisgroupofAIresearchershavebeenmakingenormouseffortsto（）.

4.What'stheauthor’sopinionaboutthenewAImovement?

5.Whichofthefollowingisclosetinmeaningtotheunderlinedphrase“theonlygameintown”（para.4）?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.arecapableofreliablyrecognizingtheShapeofanobject

B.areclosetoexhibitinghumanlikebehavior

C.arenotverydifferentintheirperformancefromthoseofthe50’s

D.stillcannotcommunicatewithpeopleinahumanlanguage

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theshiftofthefocusofstudyontotherecognitionoftheshapesofobjects

B.thebeliefthathumanintelligencecannotbeduplicatedwithlogical,step-by-stepprograms.

C.theaspirationsofscientiststoduplicatetheintelligenceofaten-month-oldchild.

D.theeffortsmadebyscientistinthestudyofthesimilaritiesbetweentransistorsandbraincells

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.findaroundaboutwaytodesignpowerfulcomputers

B.buildacomputerusingaclevernetworkofswitches

C.findouthowintelligencedevelopedinnature

D.separatethehighestandmostabstractlevelsofthought

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Ithascreatedasensationamongartificialintelligenceresearchersbutwillsoondieout.

B.It’sabreakthroughinduplicatinghumanthoughtprocesses.

C.It’smorelikeapeculiargameratherthanarealscientificeffort.

D.Itmayprovetobeintherightdirectionthoughnobodyissureofitsfutureprospects.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theonlyapproachtobuildinganartificiallyintelligentcomputer.

B.Theonlywayforthemtowinaprizeinartificialintelligenceresearch.

C.Theonlyareaworthstudyingincomputerscience.

D.Theonlygametheywouldliketoplayintown.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由第一段Nevermindsomethingascomplexasconversations,themostpowerfulcomputersstruguletoreliablyrecognizetheshapeofanobjectthemostelementaryoftasksforaten-month-oldkid.更不用說(shuō)像會(huì)話這樣復(fù)雜的事情，最強(qiáng)大的計(jì)算機(jī)現(xiàn)在正竭力地識(shí)別物體的形狀，這對(duì)于10個(gè)月大的孩子來(lái)說(shuō)是最基本的任務(wù)?？芍狣項(xiàng)“最強(qiáng)大的計(jì)算機(jī)仍然不能用人類的語(yǔ)言與人類交流?！闭_。A項(xiàng)“計(jì)算機(jī)能夠識(shí)別物體的形狀”與原文不符，原文提到計(jì)算機(jī)正竭力地去做這件事。B項(xiàng)文中未提及，C項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在的計(jì)算機(jī)與50年代的計(jì)算機(jī)表現(xiàn)不一樣”，文中提到50年代人們預(yù)測(cè)到20世紀(jì)末計(jì)算機(jī)能做家務(wù)，能與人交流，但如今計(jì)算機(jī)仍然離與人類交流還有很長(zhǎng)的路要走。故C項(xiàng)不正確。

2.推理判斷題。由第二段“AgrowinggroupofAIresearchersthinktheyknowwheretheheldwentwrong.Theproblem,thescientistssay,isthatAIhasbeentryingtoseparatethehighest,mostabstractlevelsofthought,likelanguageandmathematics,andtoduplicatethemwithlogical,step-by-stepprograms.AnewmovementinAI…Manyoftheseresearchersstudyevolutionandnaturaladaptationinsteadofformallogicandconventionalcomputerprograms.”越來(lái)越多的人工智能研究人員認(rèn)為，他們知道錯(cuò)誤在哪里。科學(xué)家們說(shuō)，問(wèn)題在于，人工智能一直在試圖分離最高、最抽象的思維層次，比如語(yǔ)言和數(shù)學(xué)，然后用邏輯的、循序漸進(jìn)的程序來(lái)復(fù)制它們。另一方面，人工智能領(lǐng)域的新動(dòng)向則更近距離地審視了自然產(chǎn)生智能的更為迂回的方式。這些研究人員中的許多人研究進(jìn)化和自然適應(yīng)，而不是形式邏輯和傳統(tǒng)的計(jì)算機(jī)程序。可知人工智能的新動(dòng)向源于發(fā)現(xiàn)了以前的錯(cuò)誤，即人工智能不能用邏輯程序來(lái)復(fù)制抽象的思維。于是人工智能有了新動(dòng)向…。故B項(xiàng)正確。

3.推理判斷題。由第二段“Ratherthandigitalcomputersandtransistors,somewanttoworkwithbraincellsandproteins.Theresultsoftheseearlyeffortsareaspromisingastheyarepeculiar,andthenewnature-basedAImovementisslowlybutsurelymovingtotheforefrontofthefield.有些人想研究腦細(xì)胞和蛋白質(zhì)，而不是數(shù)字計(jì)算機(jī)和晶體管。這些早期努力的結(jié)果是有希望的，因?yàn)樗麄兪仟?dú)特的，和新的自然為基礎(chǔ)的人工智能運(yùn)動(dòng)是緩慢的，但肯定會(huì)走向該領(lǐng)域的前沿?！币约暗谌巍癝pecifically,Conradbelievesthatmanyofthebrain’scapabilitiesstemfromthepattern-recognitionproficiencyoftheindividualmoleculesthatmakeupeachbraincell.Thebestwaytobuildandartificiallyintelligentdevice,heclaims,wouldbetobuilditaroundthesamesortofmolecularskills.具體地說(shuō)，康拉德認(rèn)為，大腦的許多能力源于組成每個(gè)腦細(xì)胞的單個(gè)分子的模式識(shí)別能力。他聲稱，制造人工智能設(shè)備的最佳方法，是圍繞同樣的分子技術(shù)來(lái)制造?？芍道录捌銩I研究團(tuán)隊(duì)將把大腦的分子技術(shù)運(yùn)用于人工智能設(shè)備上，發(fā)起了以自然為基礎(chǔ)的人工智能運(yùn)動(dòng)。故C項(xiàng)“該團(tuán)隊(duì)對(duì)了解智力是如何在自然界中發(fā)展的作出了巨大努力。”正確。

4.推理判斷題。由第二段“Theresultsoftheseearlyeffortsareaspromisingastheyarepeculiar,andthenewnature-basedAImovementisslowlybutsurelymovingtotheforefrontofthefield.這些早期努力的結(jié)果是有希望的，因?yàn)樗麄兪仟?dú)特的，雖然新的以自然為基礎(chǔ)的人工智能運(yùn)動(dòng)是緩慢的，但肯定會(huì)走向該領(lǐng)域的前沿?？芍髡哒J(rèn)為人工智能運(yùn)動(dòng)將走向該領(lǐng)域前沿，也就意味著人工智研究的方向是正確的。故D項(xiàng)“盡管沒(méi)有人能確定它的未來(lái)前景，但它被證明是在正確的方向上。”正確。

5.由倒數(shù)第二段Thebestwaytobuildandartificiallyintelligentdevice,heclaims,wouldbetobuilditaroundthesamesortofmolecularskills.他聲稱，制造人工智能設(shè)備的最佳方法，是圍繞同樣的分子技術(shù)來(lái)制造。和最后一段“Rightnow,thenotionthatconventionalcomputersandsoftwarearefundamentallyincapableofmatchingtheprocessesthattakeplaceinthebrainremainscontroversial.Butifitprovestrue,thentheeffortsofConradandhisfellowAIrebelscouldturnouttobetheonlygameintown.目前，對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)的計(jì)算機(jī)和軟件根本無(wú)法匹配大腦中發(fā)生的過(guò)程仍然存在爭(zhēng)議。但如果這是真的，那么康拉德和他的同伴們的努力可能是唯一的游戲。聯(lián)系上下文可知，如果傳統(tǒng)的計(jì)算機(jī)和軟件根本無(wú)法匹配大腦過(guò)程這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)是正確的，那么康拉德和其團(tuán)隊(duì)的觀點(diǎn)，即將大腦同樣的分子技術(shù)運(yùn)用于人工智能設(shè)備的制造上是唯一可行的制造新的人工智能計(jì)算機(jī)的方法。故A項(xiàng)“這是制造人工智能計(jì)算機(jī)的唯一方法”正確。

9.單選題

Theteacher（）theirexercises.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.madethestudentsdo

B.makethestudentsdoing

C.havemakethestudentsdo

D.makethestudentsdone

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞用法辨析。A選項(xiàng)madethestudentsdo“讓學(xué)生做”；B選項(xiàng)makethestudentsdoing；C選項(xiàng)havemakethestudentsdo；D選項(xiàng)makethestudentsdone。句意：老師……他們的鍛煉。根據(jù)句意make的用法為makesth.do，得知A選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Foramomenthewasspeechless,stilltooastonishedto（

）whatitallmeant,andthenhesatheavilyandleanedforward,puttinghishanddownonthesummonsbutton.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.breakdown

B.searchfor

C.takein

D.seeafter

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。breakdown“分解，故障”；searchfor“搜尋”；takein“吸收，領(lǐng)會(huì)”；seeafter“照顧，照料”。句意為：他一時(shí)說(shuō)不出話來(lái)，仍十分驚訝，不知這一切意味著什么。他心事重重地坐了下來(lái)，身子向前傾斜，將手放在傳喚按鈕上。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

11.單選題

TheauthorsoftheUnitedStatesConstitutionattemptedtoestablishaneffectivenationalgovernmentwhilepreserving（）forthestatesandlibertyforindividuals.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.autonomy

B.dignity

C.monopoly

D.stability

【答案】A

【解析】autonomy自治；dignity尊嚴(yán),

高貴；monopoly壟斷；stability穩(wěn)定性。句意：撰寫(xiě)美國(guó)國(guó)家憲法的人試圖建立一個(gè)高效的國(guó)家政府,

即能保證各個(gè)州的自治,

又能保證個(gè)人的自由。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

12.單選題

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Hiswifehasjustpassedaway.

B.Hiswifeisunconscious.

C.Hesuffersfromshortnessofbreath.

D.Hesuffersfromdepression.

【答案】B

【解析】1.M:Ineedadoctorrightnow.

W:Tellmetheproblem,sir.

M:Mywifejustpassedout.

W:Sir,It’sdifficulttounderstandyou.Pleasetakeadeepbreathandcalmdown.

Q:Whydoesthemanmakethecall?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干為：這個(gè)男子為什么打這通電話？由文中“Mywifejustpassedout.（我妻子暈過(guò)去了）”，可知B選項(xiàng)“Hiswifeisunconscious.（他的妻子失去意識(shí)了）”符合原文。A選項(xiàng)“我的妻子剛剛?cè)ナ懒恕?；C選項(xiàng)“他呼吸急促”；D選項(xiàng)“他患有抑郁癥”不符合原文。

13.單選題

ThecourtdecreedthatheshouldbetransportedtoAustralia.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.predicted

B.ordered

C.decided

D.resolved

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。decree表示“頒布法令”；A項(xiàng)predict“預(yù)測(cè)”，B項(xiàng)order“命令”，C項(xiàng)decide“決定”，D項(xiàng)resolve“溶解”。句意：法院裁定他應(yīng)該被遣送到澳大利亞。因此B項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Whatweneedtolearnishowtoputtheoryinto（）whenwebeginourfieldworkhere.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.appearance

B.application

C.accomplish

D.achievement

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)appearance“外觀，出現(xiàn)，露面”；B選項(xiàng)application“應(yīng)用，運(yùn)用”；C選項(xiàng)accomplish“完成，實(shí)現(xiàn)，達(dá)到”；D選項(xiàng)achievement“成就，完成”。句意：當(dāng)我們開(kāi)始野外工作時(shí)，我們需要學(xué)習(xí)的是如何將理論應(yīng)用到實(shí)際中去。選項(xiàng)B符合語(yǔ)境。

15.單選題

Amongthemanywaysinwhichpeoplecommunicatethroughspeech,publicspeakinghasprobablyreceivedmorestudyandattractedmoreattentionthananyother.Politicianscampaigningforpublicoffice，salespeoplepresentingproducts,andpreachersdeliveringsermonsalldependuponthisformofpubliccommunication.Evenpeoplewhodonotmakespeakingapartoftheirdailyworkareoftenaskedtomakepublicspeeches:studentsatgraduation,forinstance,ormembersofchurches,clubs,orotherorganizations.Nearlyeveryonespeaksinpublicatsometimeorother,andthosewhoperformthetaskwelloftenbecomeleaders.

Therearemanyreasonsforspeakinginpublic.Apublicspeakermayhopetoteachanaudienceaboutnewideas,forexample,orprovideinformationaboutsometopic.Creatingagoodfeelingorentertaininganaudiencemaybeanotherpurpose.Publicspeakers,however,mostoftenseektopersuadeanaudiencetoadoptnewopinions,totakecertainactions，ortoseetheworldinanewway.

Publicspeakersusuallyknowwellinadvancewhentheyarescheduledtomakeanaddress.

Consequentlytheyareabletopreparetheirmessagebeforetheydeliverit.Sometimes,though,speakersmustdeliverthemessageunprepared,oroffthecuff,suchaswhentheyareaskedtoofferatoastataweddingreceptionortoparticipateinateleviseddebateorinterview.

Whentheydonothavetospeakunpreparedly,mostspeakerswritetheirownspeeches.

Politiciansandbusinessexecutivessometimesemployprofessionalwriterswhopreparetheirforthem.Theseprofessionalwritersmayworkaloneorinsmallteams.Althoughthespeakermayhavesomeinputintothecontentsofthespeech,thewriterssometimeshaveagreatinfluenceovertheopinionsexpressedbytheiremployers.Regardlessofhowaspeechisprepared,thepersonwhodeliversitisgivencreditforitseffectuponitshearers.

1.Publicspeakingiswellknowntotheaveragepeoplebecause（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingisrarelythepurposeofpublicspeaking?

3.Inparagraph4,theexpression“deliverthemessageoffthecuff”means（）.

4.Oftenthespeechpreparedbyaprofessionalwriterforaboss（）.

5.Nomatterwhowritesaspeech,theaudience（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.mostofthemhavebeentrainedaspublicspeakers

B.mostofthemhavebeenaudienceofsuchactivities

C.mostofthemhavetodoitwhentheystudyatcollege

D.Thepassagedoesnotmentionthereason

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Toinfluencepeople'sideasandbehavior.

B.Toenjoythesatisfactionfromone'sownspeech.

C.Topersuadetheaudiencetoacceptanidea.

D.Topromotepublicinterest.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.speakatalargereception

B.speakontelevision

C.speakaccordingtotheschedule

D.speakwithoutpreparation

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.isveryprofessionalandtactful

B.expressesthewriter’sideaofthematter

C.expressestheboss’sideaofthematter

D.expressestheideasofboth

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.believeitexpressedthespeaker'sidea

B.knowverywellwhothespeakeris

C.knowwhoseideathespeechreallyexpresses

D.donotbelievewhatthespeakersays

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知，政治家競(jìng)選，銷售員推銷，傳教士傳道都是發(fā)布公眾演講，甚至是不經(jīng)常演講的人，比如剛畢業(yè)的學(xué)生，教會(huì)俱樂(lè)部或其他機(jī)構(gòu)成員也都做過(guò)公眾演講。幾乎每個(gè)人都或多或少會(huì)在公共場(chǎng)合發(fā)言，而那些表現(xiàn)出色的人往往會(huì)成為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。由此可知，公眾演講是普通人所熟知的是因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)人都是公眾演講的觀眾。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知，公眾演講的目的有很多，比如向聽(tīng)眾傳授新思想，或提供有關(guān)某個(gè)主題的信息；創(chuàng)造一種良好的感覺(jué)或娛樂(lè)觀眾；試圖說(shuō)服觀眾接受新觀點(diǎn),采取某些行動(dòng),或者以一種新的方式看世界?？傊际菫榱斯娎妫x項(xiàng)B從自己的演講中獲得滿足，在文中沒(méi)有提及。

3.根據(jù)原文句子可知，“offthecuff”和or前面的“unprepared”應(yīng)該表并列的關(guān)系，所以“deliverthemessageoffthecuff”指毫無(wú)準(zhǔn)備的演講，選項(xiàng)D正確。

4.根據(jù)最后一段的第三句“Althoughthespeakermayhavesomeinputintothecontentsofthespeech,thewriterssometimeshaveagreatinfluenceovertheopinionsexpressedbytheiremployers.”雖然演講者表述了演講所需的內(nèi)容，但是寫(xiě)稿人有時(shí)會(huì)對(duì)他們雇主所要表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)產(chǎn)生很大的影響。所以選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

5.根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“Regardlessofhowaspeechisprepared,thepersonwhodeliversitisgivencreditforitseffectuponitshearers.”無(wú)論演講稿是如何準(zhǔn)備的，觀眾都會(huì)認(rèn)為它傳達(dá)的是演講者的思想和心聲。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

16.單選題

Afteryou’vestartedtomasterthetechniques,therealstruggleisjustbeginning.It’s（

）thatmakesyougreat.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.persistence

B.insistence

C.continuation

D.mentality

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)你開(kāi)始掌握技術(shù)后，真正的斗爭(zhēng)才開(kāi)始。讓你變得偉大的是堅(jiān)持。persistence“堅(jiān)持不懈”；insistence“堅(jiān)持，強(qiáng)調(diào)”；continuation“繼續(xù)”；mentality“心態(tài)”。根據(jù)句意，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

17.單選題

Ihopeyoudon’tthinkI’m（）butI’vehadtheelectricfireonformostoftheday.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.exquisite

B.extravagant

C.exotic

D.eccentric

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)exquisite“精致的”；B選項(xiàng)extravagant“浪費(fèi)的”；C選項(xiàng)exotic“異國(guó)的”；D選項(xiàng)eccentric“古怪的”。句意：我?guī)缀跻徽於奸_(kāi)著電爐，希望你不會(huì)覺(jué)得我浪費(fèi)。本句表示開(kāi)一天電爐很浪費(fèi)，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

Manyobjectsindailyusehaveclearlybeeninfluencedbyscience,buttheirformandfunction,theirdimensionsandappearanceweredeterminedbytechnologists,artisans,designers,inventors,andengineers—usingnonscientificmodesofthought.Manyfeaturesandqualitiesoftheobjectsthatatechnologistthinksaboutcannotbereducedtounambiguousverbaldescriptions;theyaredealtwithinthemindbyavisual,nonverbalprocess.InthedevelopmentofWesterntechnology,ithasbeennonverbalthinking,byandlarge,thathasfixedtheoutlinesandfilledinthedetails,androcketsexistnotbecauseofgeometryorthermodynamics,butbecausetheywerefirstapictureinthemindsofthosewhobuiltthem.

Thecreativeshapingprocessofatechnologist’smindcanbeseeninnearlyeveryartifactthatexists.Forexample,indesigningadieselengine,atechnologistmightimpressindividualwaysofnonverbalthinkingonthemachinebycontinuallyusinganintuitivesenseofrightnessandfitness.Whatwouldbetheshapeofthecombustionchamber?Whereshouldbethevalvesplayed?Shouldithavealongorshortpiston?Suchquestionshavearangeofanswersthataresuppliedbyexperience,byphysicalrequirements,bylimitationsofavailablespace,andnotleastbyasenseofform.Somedecisions,suchaswallthicknessandpindiameter,maydependonscientificcalculations,butthenonscientificcomponentofdesignremainsprimary.

Designcourses,then,shouldbeanessentialelementinengineeringcurricula.Nonverbalthinking,acentralmechanisminengineeringdesign,involvesperceptions,thestockintradeoftheartist,notthescientist.Becauseperceptiveprocessesarenotassumedtoentail“hardthinking”,nonverbalthoughtissometimesseenasaprimitivestageinthedevelopmentofcognitiveprocessandinferiortoverbalormathematicalthought.ButitisparadoxicalthatwhenthestaffoftheHistoricAmericanEngineeringRecordwishedtohavedrawingsmadeofmachinesandisometric(等距)viewsofindustrialprocessesforitshistoricalrecordofAmericanengineering,theonlycollegestudentswiththerequisiteabilitieswerenotengineeringstudents,butratherstudentsattendingarchitecturalschools.

Ifcoursesindesign,whichinastronglyanalyticalengineeringcurriculumprovidethebackgroundrequiredforpracticalproblemsolving,arenotprovided,wecanexpecttoencountersillybutcostlyerrorsoccurringinadvancedengineeringsystems.Forexample,earlymodelsofhighspeedrailroadcarsloadedwithsophisticatedcontrolswereunabletooperateinasnowstormbecauseafansuckedsnowintotheelectricalsystem.Absurdrandomfailuresthatplagueautomaticcontrolsystemsarenotmerelytrivialaberrations,theyareareflectionofthechaosthatresultswhendesignisassumedtobeprimarilyaprobleminmathematics.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,whatistheuseofnonscientificthinking?

2.Itcanbeinferredthattheengineeringcurricula（）.

3.Bysaying“paradoxical”inthethirdparagraph,theauthorpointsoutthat（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingisprobablyinaccordancewiththeauthor’sidea?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Criticalthinkingmaybederivedfromnonscientificthinking.

B.Manyfeaturesandqualitiesofanobjectcanbeimagined.

C.Manyobjectsarecreatedwithclearverbaldescriptions.

D.Peoplefromdifferenttradesmaybenefitfromnonscientificthinking.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.arestrongdespitetheabsenceofnonscientificmodesofthinking

B.shouldnotemphasizenonverbalthinkinginallcourses

C.arethoughttoincludeverbalormathematicalcourse

D.canbestrengthenedwhentheyincludecoursesindesign

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.engineeringstudentsdonotunderstandthehistoryofAmericanengineering

B.engineeringstudentsshouldknowmorethanarchitecturalstudents

C.engineeringstudentsshouldperceiveanddesignbetterthanarchitecturalstudentsdo

D.engineeringstudentsneglecttheimportanceofdrawings

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Mathematicalthinkingisessentialtoanydesigncourse.

B.Nonverbalthinkinghasitsadvantagesoverotherperceptiveprocesses.

C.Engineeringdesigndemandsscientificthought.

D.Artistsplayaprimitiveroleinengineeringwork.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“nonscientificthinking”可以定位到文章第一段第一句buttheirformandfunction,theirdimensionsandappearanceweredeterminedbytechnologists,artisans,designers,inventors,andengineers—usingnonscientificmodesofthought.（但它們的形式和功能、尺寸和外觀是由技術(shù)人員、工匠、設(shè)計(jì)師、發(fā)明家和工程師用非科學(xué)的思維模式?jīng)Q定的。），說(shuō)明各個(gè)行業(yè)的人都可以用到非科學(xué)的思維模式。因此D選項(xiàng)“不同行業(yè)的人可能從非科學(xué)思維中受益”正確。A選項(xiàng)“批判性思維可能來(lái)源于非科學(xué)思維”，文中沒(méi)有提及批判性思維，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)物體的許多特征和品質(zhì)是可以想象的”不是說(shuō)的非科學(xué)性思維的用處，所以B錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“許多對(duì)象都是用清晰的語(yǔ)言描述創(chuàng)建的”，由原文Manyfeaturesandqualitiesoftheobjectsthatatechnologistthinksaboutcannotbereducedtounambiguousverbaldescriptions（技術(shù)專家思考的對(duì)象的許多特征和品質(zhì)不能簡(jiǎn)化為明確的語(yǔ)言描述），說(shuō)明不能用清晰的語(yǔ)言描述創(chuàng)建，所以C錯(cuò)誤。

2.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“engineeringcurricula”可以定位到文章第三段第一句Designcourses,then,shouldbeanessentialelementinengineeringcurricula.（因此，設(shè)計(jì)課程應(yīng)該是工程課程的一個(gè)基本元素。），說(shuō)明設(shè)計(jì)課程對(duì)于工程學(xué)課程來(lái)說(shuō)很重要。因此D選項(xiàng)“如果工程學(xué)課程包括設(shè)計(jì)課的話，課程會(huì)得到加強(qiáng)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“盡管缺乏非科學(xué)的思維模式，但仍然很強(qiáng)大”，由原文Nonverbalthinking,acentralmechanisminengineeringdesign,involvesperceptions,thestockintradeoftheartist,notthescientist.（非語(yǔ)言思維是工程設(shè)計(jì)的核心機(jī)制，它涉及到感知，是藝術(shù)家而非科學(xué)家的慣用手段。）可知工程學(xué)課程包含了非科學(xué)思維，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“不應(yīng)在所有課程中強(qiáng)調(diào)非語(yǔ)言思維”，C選項(xiàng)“被認(rèn)為包括語(yǔ)言或數(shù)學(xué)課程”在文中沒(méi)有提及，所以B，C錯(cuò)誤。

3.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“paradoxical”可以定位到文章第三段第四句ButitisparadoxicalthatwhenthestaffoftheHistoricAmericanEngineeringRecordwishedto