考研考博-英語(yǔ)-宜賓職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-宜賓職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Weliveina(n)______societywhichviewssuccessprimarilyintermsofmaterialpossessions.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.acquisitive

B.requisite

C.inextricable

D.refraining

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)acquisitive“渴求獲取財(cái)物的，貪婪的”，B項(xiàng)requisite“必備的，必不可少的”，C項(xiàng)inextricable“逃脫不掉的，解不開的”，D項(xiàng)refraining為動(dòng)詞refrain的現(xiàn)在分詞形式，表示“克制”。根據(jù)句子可知，which是作定語(yǔ)從句修飾society，定語(yǔ)從句的意思是“社會(huì)主要從物質(zhì)財(cái)富的角度來(lái)看待成功”，那么可以推測(cè)，這個(gè)社會(huì)是一個(gè)“渴求獲取財(cái)物的”社會(huì)，A項(xiàng)符合。句意：我們生活在一個(gè)主要把成功看成是物質(zhì)財(cái)富的貪婪的社會(huì)。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

2.單選題

Scienceisadominantthemeinourculture.Sinceittouchesalmosteveryaspectofourlife,educatedpeopleneedatleastsomeideaofitsstructureandoperation.Theyshouldalsohaveanunderstandingofthesubcultureinwhichscientistsliveandthekindsofpeopletheyare.Anunderstandingofgeneralcharacteristicsofscienceaswellasspecificscientificconceptsiseasiertoobtainifoneknowssomethingaboutthethingsthatexciteandfrustratethescientist.

Thisbookiswrittenfortheintelligentstudentorlaypersonwhoseknowledgeofscienceissuperficial;forthepersonwhohasbeenpresentedwithscienceasamustystorehouseofdriedfacts;forthepersonwhoseesthechiefobjectiveofscienceastheproductionofgadgets;andforthepersonwhoviewsthescientistsassomesortofmagician.Thebookcanbeusedtosupplementacourseinanyscience,toaccompanyanycoursethatattemptstogiveanunderstandingofthemodemworld,orindependentlyofanycourse,simplytoprovideabetterunderstandingofscience.Wehopethisbookwillleadreaderstoabroaderperspectiveonscientificattitudesandamorerealisticviewofwhatscienceis,whoscientistsare,andwhattheydo.Itwillgivethemanawarenessandunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenscienceandourcultureandanappreciationoftherolessciencemayplayinourculture.Inaddition,readersmaylearntoappreciatetherelationshipbetweenscientificviewsandsomeofthevaluesandphilosophiesthatarepervasiveinourculture.

Wehavetriedtopresentinthisbookanaccurateandup-to-datepictureofthescientificcommunityandthepeoplewhopopulateit.Thatpopulationhasinrecentyearscometoconsistofmoreandmorewomen.Thisincreasingroleofwomeninthescientificsubcultureisnotauniqueincidentbut,rather,partofthetrendevidentinallpartsofsocietyasmorewomenentertraditionallymale-dominatedfieldsandmakesignificantcontributions.Indiscussingthesechangesandcontribution,however,wearefacedwithalanguagethatissomewhatsexist,onethatusesmalenounsorpronounsinreferringtounspecifiedindividuals.Tobalancethisbuilt-inbias,wehaveadoptedthepolicyofusingpluralnounsandpronounswheneverpossibleand,whenabsolutelynecessary,alternatinghimandher.Thispolicyisfarfrombeingideal,butitisatleastanacknowledgementoftheinadequacyofourlanguageintreatinghalfofthehumanraceequally.

Wehavealsotriedtomakethebookentertainingaswellasinformative.Ourapproachisusuallyinformal.Wefeel,asmanyotherscientistsdo,thatweshouldn’ttakeourselvestooseriously.Asthereadermayobserve,weseescienceasadelightfulpastimeratherthanasagrimanddrearywaytoearnaliving.

1.Accordingtothepassage,“scientificsubculture”means（

）.

2.Weneedtoknowsomethingaboutthestructureandoperationofsciencebecause

（

）.

3.Thebookmentionedinthispassageiswrittenforreaderswho

（

）.

4.Accordingtothispassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?

5.Thetextmostprobablyis（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.culturalgroupsthatareformedbyscientists.

B.peoplewhoseknowledgeofscienceisverylimited

C.thescientificcommunity

D.peoplewhomakegoodcontributiontoscience

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.itisnoteasytounderstandthethingsthatexciteandfrustratescientists

B.scienceaffectsalmosteveryaspectofourlife

C.scientistsliveinaspecificsubculture

D.itiseasiertounderstandgeneralcharacteristicsofscience

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.areintelligentcollegestudentsandlaypersonwhodonotknowmuchaboutscience

B.aregoodatproducingvariousgadgets

C.workinastorehouseofdriedfacts

D.wanttohaveasuperficialunderstandingofscience

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Englishisasexistlanguage.

B.Onlyinthescientificworldistheroleofwomenincreasingrapidly.

C.Womenaremakingsignificantcontributionstoeliminatingtheinadequacyofourlanguage.

D.Malenounsorpronounsshouldnotbeusedtorefertoscientists.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.abookreview

B.theprefaceofabook

C.thepostscriptofabook

D.theconcludingpartofabook

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的Theyshouldalsohaveanunderstandingofthesubcultureinwhichscientistsliveandthekindsofpeopletheyare.（他們還應(yīng)該了解科學(xué)家生活的亞文化群體以及他們是什么樣的人）和第三段中的Wehavetriedtopresentinthisbookanaccurateandup-to-datepictureofthescientificcommunityandthepeoplewhopopulateit.（我們?cè)噲D在這本書中給出一個(gè)準(zhǔn)確的、最新的描述科學(xué)界及生活在科學(xué)界的人）可推測(cè)“scientificsubculture（科學(xué)亞文化群體）”指的是由科學(xué)家組成的文化群體，因此選C。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的Sinceittouchesalmosteveryaspectofourlife,educatedpeopleneedatleastsomeideaofitsstructureandoperation.（因?yàn)樗鼛缀跎婕暗轿覀兩畹拿恳粋€(gè)方面，受過(guò)教育的人至少需要了解它的結(jié)構(gòu)和運(yùn)作）可知B選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)幾乎影響我們生活的方方面面”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的Thisbookiswrittenfortheintelligentstudentorlaypersonwhoseknowledgeofscienceissuperficial（這本書是為聰明的學(xué)生或非專業(yè)人士而寫的，他們的科學(xué)知識(shí)是膚淺的）可知A選項(xiàng)“聰明的大學(xué)生和不懂科學(xué)的門外漢”符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。由文章第三段中的Thisincreasingroleofwomeninthescientificsubcultureisnotauniqueincidentbut,rather,partofthetrendevidentinallpartsofsocietyasmorewomenentertraditionallymale-dominatedfieldsandmakesignificantcontributions.Indiscussingthesechangesandcontribution,however,wearefacedwithalanguagethatissomewhatsexist,onethatusesmalenounsorpronounsinreferringtounspecifiedindividuals.（隨著越來(lái)越多的女性進(jìn)入傳統(tǒng)的男性主導(dǎo)的領(lǐng)域并作出重大貢獻(xiàn)，女性在科學(xué)亞文化中的作用日益增強(qiáng)，這不是一個(gè)獨(dú)特的事件，而是社會(huì)各方面明顯的趨勢(shì)的一部分。然而，在討論這些變化和貢獻(xiàn)時(shí)，我們面臨著一種有點(diǎn)性別歧視的語(yǔ)言，一種使用男性名詞或代詞來(lái)指代未指明的個(gè)人）可知D選項(xiàng)“男性名詞或代詞不應(yīng)用于指科學(xué)家”符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。文章首段提出科學(xué)是我們文化的重大主題；第二段指出本書的讀者對(duì)象；第三段指出科學(xué)界存在的語(yǔ)言性別歧視；最后一段指出本書有娛樂(lè)性和知識(shí)性。因此可以推測(cè)這篇文章是一本書的序言，選B。

3.單選題

（

）thecaraccident,theywouldhavearrivedearlier.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Exceptfor

B.Butfor

C.Besides

D.Savefor

【答案】B

【解析】考查連詞辨析。exceptfor除了……以外；butfor要不是……；besides此外，而且；savefor保存為，除……之外。句意：要不是那場(chǎng)車禍，他們可能早就到了。由下文theywouldhavearrivedearlier可知該句表示的是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬。butfor+n/pron，用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣。故答案B

4.翻譯題

1.Peoplemistakenlyassumethatafallingpennywillacceleratefortheentiretyofitsfall,achievingbreakneckspeedsbythetimeitreachestheground.ThiswouldindeedhappenifalltheairwereremovedandthepennywastossedofftheEmpireStateBuildingintoavacuum——butasthingsare,collisionswithairmoleculesslowfallingpenniesdown.Airresistanceopposesthepenny'sdownwardmotion,counteractingtheforceofgravity.Thefasterthepennyfalls,thegreatertheairresistance,andsoatacertainmaximumvelocity,thedragforcebecomesequalandoppositetothedownwardgravitationalforce.Withthetwoforcesbalanced,thepennynolongeraccelerates.Insteaditfallsataconstantspeed,calledtheterminalvelocity,allthewaytotheground.

2.Overeatingcanalsobetriggeredbyouremotions.Somepeopleturntofoodoralcoholinstressfulsituations,suchasafterafamilyargumentoraparticularlydifficultdayatwork.Othervulnerabletimesmaybewhenyou'refeelingtired,boredorsad.Identifyingtriggersandcuesthatcauseyoutoovereatcanhelpyoutochangeyourbehaviorinthesesituationsandavoidunwantedcalories.Writedownthetimeswhenyouremotionsleadtoeating.Thiswillhelpyoutoidentifysituationswhenyou'reparticularlyvulnerabletoexcesssnacking.Askyourselfifyoumusthavethefood——thinkingaboutwhatyou'redoingcanhelpyouavoidextrasnacks.Replaceimagesoffoodwithotherpositivethoughts.Distractyourselffromeatingbydoingsomethingelseyouenjoy.

3.Issuesmanagementhastwomajorcomponentsforamanager.Thefirstishavingaprocesstouncoverissues,determinetheirimpactontheproject,examinealternatives,andbringinpeopletomakethebestdecisionunderthecircumstances.Theseproceduresensurethatissuesarerecognizedandresolvedasquicklyaspossible.Thesecondcomponentofissuesmanagementisapplyingspecificproblem—solvingtechniques.ThisincludessomeunderstandingoftechniquessuchasFishbonediagrams,Paretocharts,androotcauseanalysis.Havinganunderstandingofoneormoreofthesetechniquesallowsyouandyourteamtounderstandthenatureandcauseoftheproblem,whatoptionsareavailable,andwhatalternativewouldbethebestcourseofaction.

ChooseONLYONEtextfromthefollowingpassagesandtranslateitintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheetprovided.IfmorethanONEtranslationappearsontheAnswerSheet,onlythefirstortheindicatedonewouldbescored

【答案】1.人們錯(cuò)誤的以為下落的硬幣因?yàn)橹亓Φ脑?會(huì)在下落的過(guò)程中一直加速,到達(dá)地面時(shí)會(huì)達(dá)到非常危險(xiǎn)的速度。這確實(shí)可能發(fā)生一一如果空氣真被抽空了,硬幣就是從帝國(guó)大廈拋向了真空——而事實(shí)上,與空氣分子的碰撞減緩了硬幣的下落?？諝庾柚沽擞矌诺南蛳逻\(yùn)動(dòng),抵消了重力作用。硬幣下落的越快,受到的阻力也會(huì)越大,因此當(dāng)硬幣達(dá)到那個(gè)確定的最大速度,阻力會(huì)和向下的重力作用相等。兩個(gè)力相互平衡,硬幣就不會(huì)再加速。相反它會(huì)以一個(gè)固定速度,也叫極限速度,一直落到地面。

2.暴食暴飲也常常由我們的情緒所引發(fā)。有些人會(huì)在受到強(qiáng)大壓力下（如在一場(chǎng)家庭爭(zhēng)執(zhí)或工作上出現(xiàn)難關(guān)時(shí)）攝入大量的食物或酒。其他脆弱的時(shí)刻或在我們感到累,無(wú)聊或傷心時(shí)。弄明白引發(fā)過(guò)度進(jìn)食的觸發(fā)事件和原因有助于幫助你改善在同等情況下的不良行為,并避免攝入不需要的卡路里。寫下那些令你想進(jìn)食的情緒的次數(shù),這將有助于你鑒別哪些情況會(huì)使你特別想攝入大量的零食。試試以下的技巧吧！吃東西之前要想想這些食物真的是我一定要吃的嗎？一一思考做什么事情可以幫助你避免攝入那些額外的零食。用其它有益的想法來(lái)替代對(duì)事物的想象。通過(guò)做一些自己喜歡的事情轉(zhuǎn)移你對(duì)食物的注意力。

3.問(wèn)題管理對(duì)于管理者來(lái)說(shuō)有兩個(gè)主要組成部分。首先得有一個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題的過(guò)程,確定他們對(duì)項(xiàng)目的影響,檢查替代品,并使人在這種情況下做出最好的決定。這些程序確保認(rèn)識(shí)問(wèn)題,并盡快解決。問(wèn)題管理的第二個(gè)組成部分是應(yīng)用特定的解決問(wèn)題的技巧。這包括一些技術(shù)理解,如魚骨圖,帕累托圖,和根本原因分析法。了解這些技術(shù)中的一個(gè)或多個(gè),可以讓你和你的團(tuán)隊(duì)理解問(wèn)題的本質(zhì)和原因,理解什么樣的選擇可用,什么樣的替代品將是最好的行動(dòng)方案。

5.單選題

_____makesmendifferentfromtheotheranimalsisthattheycanthinkandspeak.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.That

B.Thething

C.All

D.What

【答案】D

【解析】考查主語(yǔ)從句。題干中what從句是整個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)，故后面的動(dòng)詞為is。B項(xiàng)all和C項(xiàng)thethings少了作主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞（that），在定語(yǔ)從句中，做主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞是不能省略的，只有作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞能省略，所以B，C兩項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。

6.單選題

Inaperfectlyfreeandopenmarketeconomy,thetypeofemployer—governmentorprivate—schoolhavelittleornoimpactontheearningsdifferentialsbetweenwomenandmen.However,ifthereisdiscriminationagainstonesex,itisunlikelythatthedegreeofdiscriminationbygovernmentandprivateemployerswillbethesame.Differencesinthedegreeofdiscriminationwouldresultinearningsdifferentialsassociatedwiththetypeofemployer.Giventhenatureofgovernmentandprivateemployers,itseemsmostlikelythatdiscriminationbyprivateemployerswouldbegreater.Thus,onewouldexpectthat,ifwomenarebeingdiscriminatedagainst,governmentemploymentwouldhaveapositiveeffectonwomen'searningsascomparedwiththeirearningsfromprivateemployment.TheresultsofastudybyFuchssupportthisassumption.Fuchs,resultssuggestthattheearningsofwomeninanindustrycomposedentirelyofgovernmentemployerswouldbe14.6percentemployers,otherthingsbeingequal.

Inaddition,bothFuchsandSanbornhavesuggestedthattheeffectofdiscriminationbyconsumersontheearningsofself-employedwomenmaybegreaterthantheeffectofeithergovernmentorprivateemployerdiscriminationontheearningsofwomenemployees.Totestthishypothesis,BrownselectedalargesampleofWhitemaleandfemaleworkersfromthe1970Censusanddividedthemintothreecategories:privateemployees,governmentemployees,andself-employed.(Blackworkerswereexcludedfromthesampletoavoidpickingupearningdifferentialsthatweretheresultofracialdisparities.)Brown'sresearchdesigncontrolledforeducation,laborforceparticipation,mobility,motivations,andageinordertoeliminatethesefactorsasexplanationsofthestudy'sresults.Brown'sresultssuggestthatmenandwomenarenottreatedthesamebyemployersandconsumers.Formen,self-employmentisthehighestearningscategory,withprivateemploymentnext,andgovernmentlowest.Forwomen,thisorderisreversed.

OnecaninferfromBrown'sresultsthatconsumerdiscriminateagainstself-employedwomen.Inaddition,self-employedwomenmayhavemoredifficultythanmeningettinggoodemployeesandmayencounterdiscriminationfromsuppliersandfromfinancialinstitutions.

Brown'sresultsareclearlyconsistentwithFuchs'argumentthatdiscriminationbyconsumershasagreaterimpactontheearningsofwomenthandoesdiscriminationbyeithergovernmentorprivateemployers.Also,thefactthatwomendobetterworkingforgovernmentthanforprivateemployersimpliesthatprivateemployersarediscriminatingagainstwomen.Theresultsdonotprovethatgovernmentdoesnotdiscriminateagainstwomen.Theydo,however,demonstratethatifgovernmentisdiscriminatingagainstwomen,itsdiscriminationisnothavingasmucheffectonwomen'searningsasisdiscriminationintheprivatesector.

1.Thepassagementionsallofthefollowingasdifficultiesthatself-employedwomenmayencounterexcept（）

2.Astudyofthepracticesoffinancialinstitutionsthatrevealednodiscriminationagainstself-employedwomenwouldtendtocontradictwhichofthefollowing?

3.AccordingtoBrown'sstudy,women'searningscategoriesoccurinwhichofthefollowingorders,fromhighestearningstolowestearnings?

4.Whichofthefollowingquestionsdoesthepassageexplicitlyanswer?

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthestatementsinthelastparagrapharemostprobably（）

6.Whichofthefollowingtitlesbestdescribethecontentofthepassageasawhole?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.discriminationfromsuppliers

B.discriminationfromconsumers

C.problemsinobtaininggoodemployees

D.problemsinobtaininggovernmentassistance

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.SomeexplicitresultsofBrown'sstudy.

B.Fuchs'hypothesis.

C.Asuggestionmadebytheauthor.

D.Sanborn'shypothesis

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Governmentemployment,privateemployment,self-employment.

B.Self-employment,privateemployment,governmentemployment.

C.Privateemployment,self-employment,governmentemployment.

D.Privateemployment,governmentemployment,self-employment.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Whydoself-employedwomenhavemoredifficultythanmeninhiringhighqualityemployees?

B.Whydoprivateemployersdiscriminatemoreagainstwomenthandogovernmentemployers?

C.WhywereBlackworkersexcludedfromthesampleusedinBrown'sstudy?

D.Whydosuppliersdiscriminateagainstself-employedwomen?

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Brown'selaborationofhisresearchresults

B.theauthor'sconclusions,basedonFuchs'andBrown'sresults

C.Brown'stentativeinferencefromhisdata

D.theauthor'scriticismsofFuchs'argument,basedonBrown'sresults

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.TheNecessityforEarningsDifferentialsinaFreeMarketEconomy.

B.HowDiscriminationAffectsWomen'sChoiceofTypeofEmployment?

C.TheRelativeEffectofPrivateEmployerDiscriminationonMen'sEarningsasComparedtoWomen'sEarnings.

D.TheRelativeEffectofDiscriminationbyGovernmentEmployers,PrivateEmployers,andConsumersonWomen'sEarnings.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:D

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，個(gè)體經(jīng)營(yíng)的婦女可能會(huì)遇到消費(fèi)者的歧視，供應(yīng)商和金融機(jī)構(gòu)的歧視，以及很難找到好的雇員。只有選項(xiàng)D沒(méi)有提及。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。原文只在第三段中提到金融機(jī)構(gòu)，而這一段的內(nèi)容是作者推斷出來(lái)的，在上文中并沒(méi)有直接說(shuō)明。所以作者對(duì)于婦女會(huì)受到投資機(jī)構(gòu)的歧視的推斷與題目中的觀點(diǎn)相矛盾。故答案為C。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)第二段最后兩句“Formen,self-employmentisthehighestearningscategory,withprivateemploymentnext,andgovernmentlowest.Forwomen,thisorderisreversed.”對(duì)男子而言，個(gè)體經(jīng)營(yíng)收入最高，私營(yíng)企業(yè)工作其次，政府單位工作最低。對(duì)于女子來(lái)說(shuō)，這個(gè)順序正好顛倒過(guò)來(lái)了。所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。選項(xiàng)A、B和選項(xiàng)D在文中只是提出了觀點(diǎn)，并沒(méi)有進(jìn)行回答，只有選項(xiàng)C在原文第二段中間括號(hào)部分解釋了為什么不選黑人作為研究的對(duì)象的原因，即是為了避免由于種族差異而出現(xiàn)的工資差別。所以本題選C。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)推理題。最后一段作者指出布朗的研究成果與法克的論據(jù)是明顯一致的。接下來(lái)的內(nèi)容是作者根據(jù)布朗和法克的研究成果而得出的結(jié)論。選項(xiàng)B正確。

第6題:主旨題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知本文主要闡述了政府雇主、私人雇主和消費(fèi)者對(duì)婦女收入的影響。選項(xiàng)D比較全面的概括了本文的中心思想。

7.單選題

InEngland,alongastretchofthenortheastcoastwhichgentlycurvesfromNorthumberlandtotheestuaryoftheriverTees,therewasaspot,typicalofmanyonthatcoast,whereseacoalwascollectedrichlyandeffortlessly.Thiscoalwasacoarsepowder,cleanandbrilliant.Itseemedtobearlittleresemblancetothelarge,filthylumpsputontothefire.Althoughitwascoal,itwasperfectlycleananditwassilentlydepositedathightideinaglitteringcarpetakilometerlongforthelocalcommunitytogatherup.

Thegearneededforsea-coalingexpeditionswasacuriousandtraditionallyprovenassortmentwhichnevervariedfromcommunitytocommunityalongtheentirenortheastcoastline.Sackswereessentialtoputthecoalin,andstringtotietheneckofeachsackwhenitisfull.Awoodenrakewasusedtoscrapethecoalfromthebeach.Theonlyalternativetotherakewasaflatpieceofboardheldinthehand.Aflat,boardshoveltolifttherakedcoalintothebags,completedtheportablehardware.

Butthemostcrucialitemofequipmentwasabicycle,aspecialkindofrustystriped-downmodelwhichwasthesymbolofthesea-coalingcraft.Alady’sbikewasnogoodbecauseitlackedacrossbar,andthatwasanessentialelementintransportingseacoal.Onefullsackcouldbeslungthroughthetriangularframeofaman’sbike,anotheroverthecrossbarand,sometimes,evenathirdontopofthat.Thebeautyofthemetalbaragainstthefull,wetsacksforcedexcesswateroutofthecoalwhileitwasbeingwheeledhome.Onagoodday,thepathtothebeachwasgenerallyadoublesnail-trackofwaterthathadbeenforcedfromeachendofatrailofcoalsacks.

1.Itcanbeinferredthatbetweenthetwotypesofcoal,seacoal（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,certainequipmentwasusedbecause（）.

3.Tocarrythreesacksofcoalonabicycle,itwasnecessaryto.

4.Byusingthebicycle,（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.couldburnbetter

B.mightbecheaper

C.wasmorefinely-grained

D.cameinbigpieces

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.ithadprovedtobepractical

B.itcouldbemadebycommunities

C.peopletherewereverytraditional

D.thecommunitieshadcurioushabits

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.putoneofthemonthesaddle

B.balancethemallonthecrossbar

C.removetheexcessliquid

D.balancetwoonthecrossbar

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.coalcouldbemovedeasilyoverthesand

B.thecollectorscouldsellmorecoal

C.excessliquidcouldberemoved

D.thecollectorscouldridehome

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段二三句“Thiscoalwasacoarsepowder,cleanandbrilliant.Itseemedtobearlittleresemblancetothelarge,filthylumpsputontothefire.”海運(yùn)煤是一種粗糙的粉末,干凈又有光澤。它似乎與放在火上的又大又臟的塊狀物體沒(méi)有什么相似之處。由此可知,選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第二段的第一句“Thegearneededforsea-coalingexpeditionswasacuriousandtraditionallyprovenmixturewhichnevervariedfromcommunitytocommunityalongtheentirenorth-eastcoastline.”可知選項(xiàng)B明顯錯(cuò)誤;人們用這些設(shè)備的原因并不是因?yàn)樗麄兒軅鹘y(tǒng)或者有奇怪的習(xí)慣,而是因?yàn)檫@些設(shè)備很實(shí)用。所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

3.根據(jù)第三段的第三句“Onefullsackcouldbeslungthroughthetriangularformatofaman’sbike,anotheroverthecrossbarand,sometimes,evenathirdontopofthat.”一個(gè)裝滿了的袋子可以掛在男式自行車的三角形支架上,另一個(gè)袋子可以掛在橫梁上,有時(shí)甚至可以在上面放上第三個(gè)袋子。由此推斷,要想放三個(gè)袋子,需要保持其他兩個(gè)袋子的平衡。選項(xiàng)D正確。

4.根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句“Thebeautyofthemetalbaragainstthefull,wetsacksforcedexcesswateroutofthecoalwhileitwasbeingwheeledhome.”在（用自行車）運(yùn)回海運(yùn)煤的過(guò)程中,那根漂亮的金屬桿上放著裝得很滿的濕袋子,將多余的水份從海運(yùn)煤中擠了出來(lái)。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

8.單選題

Oneoftherequirementsforafireisthatthematerial（）toitsburningtemperature.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.beheated

B.isheated

C.wouldheated

D.toheated

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。requirement為主語(yǔ)，所以后面應(yīng)該使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，后面的動(dòng)詞形式是shoulddo，表示“要求······，其中should是可以省略的。Material與heat之間應(yīng)該是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，所以應(yīng)該是shouldbeheated，其中should可以省略，所以選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

9.單選題

Ifanopinioncontrarytoyourownmakesyouangry,thatisasignwhichyouaresubconsciouslyawareofhavingnogoodreasonforthinkingasyoudo.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.contraryto

B.which

C.aware

D.asyoudo

【答案】B

【解析】考查同位語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，sign后面的句子是一個(gè)從句，根據(jù)從句的內(nèi)容可知，這是對(duì)sign的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，屬于同位語(yǔ)從句，而which并不能引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。句意：如果某一種與你相左的見(jiàn)解使你生氣，那么這就是一種跡象，說(shuō)明你潛意識(shí)地感到，你沒(méi)法給自己的想法以充分的理由。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

10.單選題

Finally,Emily（

）divorce,sayingthatherhusbandabusedherphysicallyandpsychologically.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.filledinfor

B.filedfor

C.suedfor

D.appliedfor

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)fillinfor“代替，占據(jù)別人位置”；B選項(xiàng)filefor“申請(qǐng)”，主要用于申請(qǐng)事業(yè)單位工作；C選項(xiàng)suefor“控告”，表示就某事提出訴訟；D選項(xiàng)applyfor“申請(qǐng)，提出申請(qǐng)”。由關(guān)鍵詞“divorce離婚”，可知空格部分意思可能為“提出控告，控訴”，句意為：最后艾米麗提出離婚訴訟，稱她的丈夫?qū)λ谏眢w上和心理上實(shí)施家庭暴力。選項(xiàng)C與其意思接近。

11.單選題

Ican'tpossiblymarkyourhomework;yourhandwritingis（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.illogical

B.illiterate

C.illusive

D.illegible

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析。illogical不合邏輯的；illiterate不識(shí)字的，文盲的；illusive錯(cuò)覺(jué)的，虛假的；illegible難辨認(rèn)的，字跡模糊的。句意：我無(wú)法給你的作業(yè)打分，因?yàn)槟愕墓P跡難以辨認(rèn)。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

12.單選題

（）allourkindnesstohelpher,Sararefusedtolisten.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.At

B.In

C.For

D.On

【答案】C

【解析】句意:盡管我們好意要幫助Sara，但她不肯聽(tīng)從我們。

考查短語(yǔ)辨析。Atall（否定）根本，究竟；inall總共，合計(jì)；forall盡管，雖然；沒(méi)有onall的搭配用法。根據(jù)后半句句意“但她不肯聽(tīng)從我們”可知C項(xiàng)正確。

13.翻譯題

Man,theUnknownIntheorganizationofindustriallifeandinfluenceofthefactoryuponthephysiologicalandmentalstateoftheworkershasbeencompletelyneglected.Modernindustryisbasedontheconceptionofthemaximumproductionatlowestcost,inorderthatanindividualoragroupofindividualsmayearnasmuchmoneyaspossible.Ithasexpandedwithoutanyideaofthetruenatureofthehumanbeingswhorunthemachines,andwithoutgivinganyconsiderationtotheeffectsproducedontheindividualsandontheirdescendantsbytheartificialmodeofexistenceimposedbythefactory.Thegreatcitieshavebeenbuiltwithnoregardforus.Theshapeanddimensionsoftheskyscrapersdependentirelyonthenecessityofobtainingthemaximumincomepersquarefootofground,andofofferingtothetenantsofficesandapartmentsthatpleasethem.Thiscausedtheconstructionofgiganticbuildingwheretoolargemassesofhumanbeingsarecrowdedtogether.Civilizedmenlikesuchawayofliving.Whiletheyenjoythecomfortandbanalluxuryoftheirdwelling,theydonotrealizethattheyaredeprivedofthenecessitiesoflife.Themoderncityconsistsofmonstrousedificesandofdark,narrowstreetsfullofpetrolfumes,coaldust,andtoxicgases,tornbythenoiseofthetaxi-cabs,lorriesandbuses,andthrongedceaselesslybygreatcrowds.Obviously,ithasnotbeenplannedforthegoodofitsinhabitants.

【答案】人類——神秘的巨人14.單選題

Inspiteofthe______economicforecasts,manufacturingoutputhasrisenslightly.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.gloomy

B.miserable

C.shadowy

D.obscure

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)gloomy“低迷的”，B項(xiàng)miserable“痛苦的”，C項(xiàng)shadowy“陰影的”，D項(xiàng)obscure“昏暗的”。根據(jù)句子意思“盡管經(jīng)濟(jì)前景……，制造業(yè)產(chǎn)量略有上升”可知，A項(xiàng)最符合句意。句意：盡管經(jīng)濟(jì)前景黯淡，制造業(yè)產(chǎn)出卻略有上升。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

15.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingshortparagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoEnglish.

我確信，在這個(gè)世界上有許多令人驚喜的事情，有某種比驚喜深刻得多的東西，某種持久而有意義的東西。那些生活在地球上美和神奇的東西之間的人們，不管他是作為科學(xué)家的成人還是非科學(xué)家的孩子，永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)孤單或?qū)ι罡械絽捑?；無(wú)論他們的個(gè)人生活有什么問(wèn)題和憂慮，他們的思想都能找到通往內(nèi)心的滿足和對(duì)生活重燃激情的途徑。那些凝視地球之美的人能找到它們終身受用的力量?jī)?chǔ)備。他們看到在鳥類的遷徙中，在潮水的漲落之中，既有著具體的驚奇，更有著深遂的美。在大自然的反反復(fù)復(fù)循壞中，有一種具備無(wú)限治愈力的東西，黑暗過(guò)去是黎明，冬天過(guò)后是春天這一永恒的保障。

【答案】Iamsurethattherearemanysurprisesinthisworld,somethingmuchdeeperthansurprise,somethinglastingandmeaningful.Thosewholivebetweenthebeautyandthewonderoftheearth,whetherasascientistorasachildofanon-scientist,areneveraloneorboredwithlife;Nomatterwhatproblemsorconcernstheyhaveintheirpersonallives,theirthoughtsfindtheirwaytoinnersatisfactionandrenewedpassionforlife.Thosewhogazeatthebeautyoftheearthfindreservesofpowerthatwilllastthemalifetime.Theysawinthemigrationofbirds,intheebbandflowofthetides,aconcretewonderandaprofoundbeauty.Inthecycleofnature,thereissomethinginfinitelyhealing.Darknessisthedawnofthepast,andwinteristheeternalguaranteeofspring.

16.單選題

Mechanizationhasgradually（）manyoftheranchingandagriculturaljobsonceavailabletotheIndians,andfewindustrieshavebeenattractedtothearea.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.disposed

B.eliminated

C.discarded

D.terminated

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A:disposed“處置”；B:eliminated“排除，消除；淘汰”；C:discarded“丟棄，拋棄”；D:terminated“結(jié)束；使終結(jié)”。句意：機(jī)械化逐漸使印度淘汰了許多牧場(chǎng)和農(nóng)業(yè)工作，而這地區(qū)很少吸引到工業(yè)。結(jié)合此處語(yǔ)境，工業(yè)化應(yīng)該是減少了農(nóng)牧業(yè)工作，因此B為正確答案。

17.單選題

Themanhadto（）theairportseveraltimesinordertobecomefamiliarwiththecontroloftheplane.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.surround

B.circle

C.observe

D.view

【答案】B

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。A選項(xiàng)surround“圍繞，包圍”；B選項(xiàng)circle“盤旋，環(huán)繞……移動(dòng)”；C選項(xiàng)observe“觀察，遵守”；D選項(xiàng)view“觀察，考慮”。句意：為了熟悉飛機(jī)的操縱，這個(gè)人不得不環(huán)繞著機(jī)場(chǎng)飛行了好幾次。選項(xiàng)B符合語(yǔ)境。

18.單選題

Theeditor-in-chiefbegs（

）tomorrow’smeeting.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tobeexcusedtoattend

B.tobeexcusedtoattending

C.toexcusetoattend

D.toexcusefromattending

【答案】A

【解析】為了參加明天的會(huì)議，主編請(qǐng)求準(zhǔn)予離開。固定搭配題。excusesb.fromsth.為固定用法，表示“同意某人不做；免除某人”，根據(jù)句意‘是同意…’，所以排除因此排除C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)?！皌oattendtomorrow’smeeting”為不定式短語(yǔ)作目的狀語(yǔ)，因此答案選A。

19.單選題

26-30

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Vegetativepatientsaremoreaware.

B.Vegetativepatientsretainsomecontroloftheireyemovement.

C.EEGscansmayhelpuscommunicatewiththevegetativepatients.

D.Weusuallycommunicatewiththebrain-deadpeoplebybrain-wave.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theleft-handsideofthebrain.

B.Theright-handsideofthebrain.

C.Thecentralpartofthebrain.

D.Thefrontpartofthebrain.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.31

B.6

C.4

D.1

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thepatientwasbrain-dead.

B.Thepatientwasn’tbrain-dead.

C.Thepatienthadsomecontroloverhiseyemovements.

D.Thepatientknewthemovementheorshewasmaking.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thepatientisnotechnicallyvegetative.

B.Thepatientcancommunicateinsomeway.

C.Wecantrainthepatientofspeak.

D.Thefamilymembersanddoctorscanprovidebettercare.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】(26)Brainwavescannersmightmakeitpossibletocommunicatewithpeoplewhoareconsideredbrain-dead,accordingtoanewstudyreportedintheEconomist.

Acoupleofrecentstudieshaveshownthatasmallminorityofvegetativepatientsmightbemoreawarethantheyseem.Now,DamienCruse,withtheMedicalResearchCouncilsCognitionandBrainSciencesUnitinCambridge,UK,thinksEEGmachineswillbeabletohelpthesepatientscommunicate.

Theteamasked6healthyvolunteerstowearEEGdevices,whichconnectelectrodestoaperson’shead.Theywereaskedtorespondtoanaudibletonebyimaginingthattheyweresqueezingtheirrighthandsorwigglingthetoesofbothfeet.(27)Theresearchersfoundthatthevolunteers’brainresponseswereclearlydifferent-thehand-squeezingactivatedtheleft-handsideofthebrain,andthetoewigglingproducedaresponseinthecenterofthebrain.

Thentheytestedtheprocedureonapatientwithlocked-insyndrome,whowasalmostcompletelyparalyzedbutretainssomecontrolofhiseyemovements.Hisbrainresponseswerethesame.Finally,(29)theytestedtheprocedureonapatientwhohadbeendeclaredvegetative2yearsearlier.TheywatchedtheEEGsignalsandwereabletodeducewhichmoveme