考研考博-英語-山東外國語職業(yè)技術大學考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東外國語職業(yè)技術大學考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.填空題

ThesereadingsareindebtedtothedeconstructivemethodsofreadingthatflourishinginRomanticstudiesinthe1970sand

1980s.Thestatusofdeconstructionasmodeofliterarycriticism

haveebbedinrecentyears;deconstructivecriticismhas,onone

side,beendenouncedforitssupposeddeviationfromaproperlyDerrideanorthodoxy,and,fromanother,marginalizedbythesimplisticstoryofaninstitutionhistory,inwhichdeconstructionreignedforabriefperiodinliterarystudiesbuthasnowbeensupersededbytheNewHistoricism.InthefieldofRomanticism,thelatternarrativehasbeengivenanunfortunateimpetusbyJeromeMcCann’scritiquedeconstructionastheculminationofa“text-only”criticismthatshouldbesupersededbyaproperlyhistoricalcriticism.McGann’santi-deconstructivepolemicshaveobscuredthedegreewhichdeconstructionhelpedtoinaugurate

thepresentageofinterdisciplinarityinliteraturedepartmentsinNorthAmerica.OnceDerridabegantoarguethattheprestigeofphilosophyasamasterdisciplinedependinguponasleightof

hand,throughwhichphilosophicaltextsconcealedtheiressentiallytropicnatures,literarycriticsquicklyrealizedthatthesamemodeofdeconstructivereadingcouldbebeingappliedto

anydiscipline—suchashistoryorautobiography—thatclaimedtoofferatransparentreferentiality.Literarycriticismisitselfoneofthedisciplinesinwhichlegitimacyrestingheavilyonitsclaimstoareferentialrelationbetweenitsownwordsandtheprimarytextsuponwhichitcomments;thusthewayswhichvariouscriticalparadigmshaveinscribedthe

culturalsignificanceofthesehighlycanonizedpoemstellagooddealaboutourrecentcriticalhistory.IhavetakenthedominantcriticalparadigmsofthepresenttobetheNewCriticism,whosecontinuedviabilityintheAmericanacademyhasnostrongerproofthanHelenVendler’sbookonKeats’sodes.Thepointofthediscussionofthecriticalhistoriesofthesepoemsandthetheoreticalcontextsofthosehistoriesisnottoscorepointsagainstindividualcritics,buttoillustrate,asclearlyandasfundamentallyaspossible,whythesepoemshaveplayedsuchasignificantroleinourmodernculturalhistory,andhowtheycontinuetobemorethanwethoughtwehadbargainedfor.

1.______

2.______

3.______

4.______

5.______

6.______

7.______

8.______

9.______

10.______

【答案】1.【答案】flourishing為flourished

2.【答案】∧modeof加上a

3.【答案】have改為has

4.【答案】institution改為institute

5.【答案】unfortunate改為fortunate

6.【答案】∧which加上of

7.【答案】depending改為depended

8.【答案】bebeingapplied去掉being

9.【答案】resting改為rests

10.【答案】∧which加上in

【解析】51.【考查點】時態(tài)。

【解題思路】根據(jù)inthe1970sand1980s（在二十世紀七十年代和八十年代）可知事情發(fā)生在過去，所以應該將flourishing改為flourished。

52.【考查點】限定詞用法。

【解題思路】deconstruction（解構主義）只是literarycriticism（文學批判）的其中一種，因此在mode前面要加上限定詞a。

53.【考查點】主謂一致。

【解題思路】分析句子可知，haveebbedinrecentyears（已經(jīng)逐漸下降）是對于Thestatusofdeconstructionasamodeofliterarycriticism（解構主義作為一種文學批評模式的地位）這一現(xiàn)象的表述，status為單數(shù)，所以應該用第三人稱單數(shù)，故將助動詞have改為has。

54.【考查點】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】institution側重在制度、社會上的團體、機構，而institute側重在學術研究之類的學院、團隊，而根據(jù)后面非限制性定語從句的表述“在這個故事中，解構主義在文學研究中占據(jù)了短暫的統(tǒng)治地位，但現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)被新歷史主義所取代”可知，此處應該是關于研究所的歷史，所以應該將Institution改為institute。

55.【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】Impetus是指“推動力”，具有積極意義，因此前面的形容詞應該同樣具有肯定意義。而unfortunate表示“不幸的”，所以要改為它的反義詞fortunate。

56.【考查點】定語從句。

【解題思路】句子中which引導的定語從句對degree（程度）進行修飾，關于“……的程度”，which需要與of連用，所以在which前面加上介詞of。

57.【考查點】時態(tài)。

【解題思路】由主句中的began可知，該句要用一般過去時，argue后面的賓語從句中，depending是現(xiàn)在分詞的形式，所以要把depending改為一般過去時depended。

58.【考查點】時態(tài)。

【解題思路】couldbebeingappliedto“可以應用于”為現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)，而根據(jù)上文的時態(tài)可知，該句用的是一般過去時，所以要將being去掉。

59.【考查點】定語從句。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句子結構可知，inwhich引導的是定語從句，修飾前面的disciplines，而從句中缺少謂語動詞，resting是非謂語動詞形式，所以要將resting改為rests。

60.【考查點】定語從句。

【解題思路】which引導的是定語從句修飾前面的way，在從句中表示“用……不同的方式”，一般要與介詞in連用，因此which前面要加上介詞in。

2.單選題

Irecommendthattheplanning（）untilallthematerialshavebeensupplied.

問題1選項

A.isnotstarted

B.willnotbestarted

C.notbestarted

D.isnottobestarted

【答案】C

【解析】句意:我建議應該在所有的材料己被提供后才啟動這個計劃。

語法題?？疾樘摂M語氣。句子謂語為recommend,表示要求建議,這類動詞所接的賓語從句一般用虛擬語氣:(should)+原形動詞，且should—般會省略,故選C。

3.單選題

Idon’tthinkthebuildingwaswell（

）andconstructed.

問題1選項

A.deceived

B.perceived

C.conceived

D.achieved

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。deceive意為“欺詐”；perceive意為“意識到，察覺到”；conceive意為“想出，構想，設想”；achieve意為“取得”。

句意：我覺得這棟建筑構思不太巧妙，也修建得不太好。

4.單選題

Thespaceprojectrequiresmoremoneythan______becauseitneedsthemostmodernandadvancedequipmentwhichisextremelyexpensive.

問題1選項

A.tobeputin

B.tohavebeenputin

C.puttingin

D.havingputit

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.tobeputin被投入B.tohavebeenputin被投入

C.puttingin投入D.havingputit把它

【考查點】比較級的用法。

【解題思路】空格處為被比較部分，前面提到“太空計劃需要的資金比……更多”，結合選項，可知是“比投入的更多”，需要用到完成時；而money和putin之間為被動語態(tài)，所以要用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)，B項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項表示將來，不符合句子意思；

C、D選項表示主動，排除。

【句意】太空計劃需要的資金比投入的要多，因為它需要最現(xiàn)代和最先進的設備，這是極其昂貴的。

5.單選題

Peoplehadbeenconsciousoftheproblembefore,butthebookmadethemawareofits（）.

問題1選項

A.manuscript

B.multitude

C.masterpiece

D.magnitude

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項manuscript“手稿；原稿”；B選項multitude“大量；群眾”；C選項masterpiece“杰作”；D選項magnitude“大小；重要”。句意：人們以前只是注意到了這個問題，但是這本書讓她們意識到了問題的……?？崭駜?nèi)是對問題的一個概括。問題一般可分為大問題和小問題，因此D選項符合題意。

6.單選題

Doctorsareinterestedinusinglasersasasurgicaltoolinoperationsonpeoplewhoare（）toheartattack.

問題1選項

A.prone

B.disposed

C.infectious

D.accessible

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。beproneto“易于…，有…的傾向”；bedisposedto“愿意…，使易感染”；beaccessibleto“容易接近的，容易進入的”。句意：醫(yī)生對于運用激光給心臟病人做手術很感興趣。A項符合題意。

7.單選題

ThanksinnosmallparttoA1Goreandhisfilmproducers,theAmericanpubliciswakinguptotheseriousnessofglobalwarming.WhatisnotsowidelyappreciatedisthatunlesstheUSgovernmentactsurgentlyanddecisively,thisproblemcouldveryquicklygetverymuchworse.

ForreasonsbotheconomicandpoliticalcoalispoisedtobethefuelofchoiceinthecomingdecadesastheUSweansitselfoffforeignoil.CoalcombustiongenerateshalftheUS'selectricityandreleasesabout1.5billiontonsofcarbondioxideayear.Ifpresenttrendscontinue,thesefigureswillmorethandoubleby2050,muchtothedetrimentoftheworld'sclimate.Withoutanalternativefuel,theonlysolutionistocaptureandstorecarbondioxidefromburningcoal.

Overcomingtheengineeringobstaclesinthewayoflarge-scalesequestrationofcarbondioxidewillbehardenough,butthebiggerchallengeisoneofpoliticalwill.UScompaniesasyethavenoincentivetocapturecarbonemissions.Whilemovesatstateandcongressionallevelsarepushingintherightdirection,theambiguityintheadministration'spolicyiscounterproductive.

ItistimefortheUSgovernmenttoputapriceoncarbonemissionssoutilitiesthatinvestintechnologiestoreducecarbonemissionswillseetheireffortsrewarded.Suchamovewouldnotonlyreducetherisksassociatedwithglobalwarming,butalsogoalongwaytorestoringAmerica'sgreencredentials.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,whataddstotheseriousnessofglobalwarming?

2.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttheobstaclesforeffectivelycapturingcarbonemissions?

3.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestasasolutiontotheproblem?

問題1選項

A.TheAmericanpublicwasignorantoftheproblem.

B.TheAmericangovernmentisdoingnothingtodealwiththeproblem.

C.TheUSwillchoosecoalasthemajorfuelwhichwillhavelargecarbonemissions.

D.Thereisnoalternativefuelotherthanforeignoilwhichhaslargecarbonemissions.

問題2選項

A.Theexistingtechnologyisonlyabletodealwithlarge-scalecarbonemissions.

B.Thecompaniesarenothighlymotivatedinadoptingnewtechnologies.

C.Thegovernmentpolicyforusingcoalandoiliscounterproductive.

D.Thecompaniesfeelreluctanttobeinvolvedinpoliticalissues.

問題3選項

A.Thegovernmentshouldchargecarbonemissionssoastoencouragecompaniestoadoptnewtechnology.

B.Thegovernmentshouldrewardutilitiesthatinvestintechnologiestoreducecarbonemission.

C.Thegovernmentshouldmakelong-timeeffortstoencouragepeopletoplantmoretrees.

D.Thegovernmentshouldpayforlarge-scalecarbonemissions.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)推理題。題干：作者認為，是什么加劇了全球變暖的嚴重性？文章手段提到了關鍵詞“全球變暖”，并指向美國政府的不作為會導致情況迅速惡化。因此答案出現(xiàn)在第二段“ForreasonsbotheconomicandpoliticalcoalispoisedtobethefuelofchoiceinthecomingdecadesastheUSweansitselfoffforeignoil”，出于經(jīng)濟和政治原因，美國政府選擇煤炭作為燃料。因此C選項符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。題干：關于有效控制碳排放的障礙，下列哪一項是正確的？由關鍵詞定位到文章第三段“theambiguityintheadministration'spolicyiscounterproductive”，說明是政府政策上的模糊性使控制達不到預期效果。因此C選項符合題意。

3.細節(jié)推理題。題干：作者建議如何解決這個問題？最后一段中，作者提到“ItistimefortheUSgovernmenttoputapriceoncarbonemissionssoutilitiesthatinvestintechnologiestoreducecarbonemissionswillseetheireffortsrewarded”，說明作者建議美國政府為碳排放進行定價，投資開發(fā)減少二氧化碳排放的科技。因此B選項符合題意。

8.單選題

Inthefinalanalysis,itisour______ofdeathwhichdecidesouranswerstoallthequestionsthatlifeputstous.

問題1選項

A.conception

B.deception

C.reception

D.presentation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項conception“理解；懷孕”；B選項deception“欺騙”；C選項reception“接待”；D選項presentation“戰(zhàn)士”。句意：說到底，是我們對死亡的______決定了我們對生命所提出的所有問題的答案。根據(jù)語境，這里指如何看待死亡決定我們?nèi)绾慰创械膯栴}，所以conception“理解”符合題意。因此A選項正確。

9.單選題

Ifsomethingverysubstantialisnotdonenextmonth,hecannot（）hisoffice.

問題1選項

A.obtain

B.secure

C.have

D.retain

【答案】D

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。obtain“獲得”；secure“保護”；have“擁有”；retain“保留”。句意：如果下個月沒有做一些實質(zhì)性的工作，他將保不住他的職位。選項D符合題意。

10.單選題

Theslowpaceofjobcreationwaswithoutprecedentfortheperiodonrecoveryfromarecession,buttheconditionsthatconspiredtocausetherecessionwerealso_______.

問題1選項

A.heartening

B.fascinating

C.ambiguous

D.atypical

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項heartening“鼓舞人心的”；B選項fascinating“吸引人的”；C選項ambiguous“不明確的；模棱兩可的”；D選項atypical“不合規(guī)則的”。句意：在從衰退中復蘇的時期，創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機會的緩慢步伐史無前例，但導致衰退的條件也______。根據(jù)also得出在把創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機會的步伐和導致經(jīng)濟衰退的條件相提并論，所以答案和withoutprecedent“史無前例”相對應，atypical“不合規(guī)則的”符合題意。因此D選項正確。

11.單選題

Itwasthetrainingthathehadasayoungman______madehimsuchagoodengineer.

問題1選項

A.what

B.which

C.that

D.who

【答案】C

【解析】考查賓語從句和強調(diào)句型。該句的第一個that引導的是賓語從句，做hehad的賓語，因此空格處應填that從而構成強調(diào)句型。陳述句的強調(diào)句型為Itis/was+被強調(diào)部分（通常是主語、賓語或狀語）+that/who（當強調(diào)主語且主語指人）+其他部分。該句強調(diào)部分是物，因此用that。句意：正是他年輕時所受的訓練使他成為如此優(yōu)秀的工程師。因此C選項正確。

12.單選題

Thelargeramachineandthemorenumerousitsparts,thegreaterlikelihoodofabreakdownandthemoreexpensivetorepair.Whathasbeensaidaboutmarketforcesandmanagementwasnecessarilyoversimplified.Theeconomiesofmodernindustrialnationsarelargeandverycomplex.Tobesure,thereismanagement,andtherearemarketforcesatwork,buttherearealsomanyotherfactorsthathelporhindereconomicfunction.

Inmodernindustrialsocieties’governmentsplayalargerole.Thereisagreatamountofregulation,mostofitmeantfortheprotectionofthepublic.Allregulationsaffectthewaybusinessesoperate,oftenincreasingtheircostsandreducingtheirprofits.Lowerprofits,inturn,reducetheamountofmoneywhichisknownasworkingcapitalthatacompanycanuseforexpansion.Autoemissionstandards,forinstance,havehadasignificantimpactonthemanufactureandpricingofautomobiles.Othergovernmentpoliciessuchastaxation,budgetdeficits,andregulationofthemoneysupplyhaveaneffectonhowmuchmoneyisavailableforpeopletospendongoodsandservices.

Internationalcrisesandotherconditionsalsoaffecttheworkingofaneconomy.AseverefrostinBrazilcanruinacoffeecropandraisethepriceofthatcommodity.Warcancutoffthesupplyofsuchresourcesaspetroleum,chromium,orcopper.IntheUnitedStatesenvironmentalprotestshaveslowedthedevelopmentofnuclearenergycapacityandtheminingofvasttractsofprotectedland.Weatheraffectsagriculture,ahot,drysummercandamagethewheatcrop;floodscandestroythousandsofacresofcropssuddenly,andinsectpestscandevastatecroplandwitharapidonslaught.

People’sattitudesalsohaveanimpactonthemarketingofgoods.Health-consciousindividuals,forexample,maystopsmoking,curtailtheirintakeofalcohol,andeatlessofcertainkindsoffood.Advertisingaffectswhatpeoplebuy,anditcancreateamarketwherenoneexisted.Styleandfashionaresignificantformanyconsumers.

Thereareothereconomicproblemsthataremoredifficulttounderstand.Forcenturieseconomieshavebeensubjecttoperiodsofprosperityfollowedbyperiodsofdecline.Althoughperiodsofprosperitycanbeexplainedrathereasily,thereasonsforpanics,recessions,anddepressionsareofacomplexnature.SomanyfactorscontributedtotheGreatDepressionofthe1930s,forexample,thatnoeconomisthaseverbeenabletoaccountforallofthem.

Becausethecausesofdeclineareuncertain,theremediesareequallyuncertain.Inthelate20thcenturyallindustrializedsocietiesthroughtheirgovernmentshavetriedtostabilizeeconomies,keepthemprosperous,andreduceunemployment.Noneoftheremedieshasworkedtotheextentthatwashoped.Howeconomiesworkandwhatremediescanbefoundtokeepthemoperatingefficientlyarethetasksofeconomists,whomustworktogetherwithbusinessmenandpoliticians.

1.Thechiefpurposeofthepassageis________.

2.The“machine”inthefirstsentenceofParagraph1iscomparablehereto________.

3.Theexampleofautoemissionstandardsishereusedtomakeitclearthat________.

4.Whyisitdifficulttoexplaintheonsetofeconomicdecline?

5.Theauthorbelievesthat,tofindefficientwaysofkeepingeconomygoing,economists________.

問題1選項

A.toreviewthefactorsthataffecteconomicoperation

B.toexplorethecausesofperiodiceconomicdecline

C.todiscusstherolegovernmentsplayinmodernindustrializedsocieties

D.toproposeremediesforcorrectingeconomicrecessions

問題2選項

A.thepoliticalsystemofanation

B.theeconomyofanation

C.themarketforce

D.thegovernmentofanation

問題3選項

A.itisharmfulforagovernmenttointerferewitheconomicmatters

B.statepoliciestendtolowerprofitsanddiscourageinvestment

C.regulationmayaffectbusinessoperationbyincreasingthecost

D.mostregulationsarenotmeantfortheprotectionofthepublic

問題4選項

A.Becausenoeconomistknowseverything.

B.Becauseitalwaysfollowsaperiodofprosperity.

C.Becausetherearetoomanyreasonsbehindit.

D.Becauseitishardtopredictwhenitwillbecoming.

問題5選項

A.findtheexactcausesforeconomicdecline

B.findwaystofightunemployment

C.workoutallthefactorsthatleadtoeconomicprosperity

D.cooperatewithbusinessmenandpoliticians

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。第一段指出有許多因素影響經(jīng)濟功能的實現(xiàn)，第二段講政府對經(jīng)濟的作用，第三段講國際情況對經(jīng)濟的影響，第四段講人們的態(tài)度影響經(jīng)濟，第五段講還有其他影響經(jīng)濟的因素，而這些非常復雜，第六段講述對于經(jīng)濟發(fā)展態(tài)勢相對應的措施。綜上所述，本文講述的是影響經(jīng)濟運行的因素，A選項“討論影響經(jīng)濟運行的因素”正確。B選項“探究周期性經(jīng)濟衰退的原因”，C選項“討論政府在現(xiàn)代工業(yè)化社會中扮演的角色”和D選項“為挽救經(jīng)濟衰退提出補救措施”：是文章的部分內(nèi)容，屬于以偏概全。因此A選項正確。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】語義推測題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Thelargeramachineandthemorenumerousitsparts,thegreaterlikelihoodofabreakdownandthemoreexpensivetorepair.（機器越大，部件越多，發(fā)生故障的可能性就越大，維修成本也就越高。），結合該段第三句Theeconomiesofmodernindustrialnationsarelargeandverycomplex.（現(xiàn)代工業(yè)國家的經(jīng)濟規(guī)模龐大，非常復雜。），可知這里的機器指的是國家經(jīng)濟，B選項“國家經(jīng)濟”正確。A選項“國家的政治制度”，C選項“市場力量”和D選項“國家政府”：不是此處表達的意思，屬于偷換概念。因此B選項正確。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第三句Allregulationsaffectthewaybusinessesoperate,oftenincreasingtheircostsandreducingtheirprofits…Autoemissionstandards,forinstance…（所有的法規(guī)都會影響企業(yè)的經(jīng)營方式，往往會增加成本，降低利潤……例如，汽車尾氣排放標準……），可知這個例子是為了證明上面的論點，也就是國家法規(guī)可能會提高成本，影響企業(yè)的經(jīng)營方式，C選項“法規(guī)可能會增加成本，從而影響企業(yè)的經(jīng)營”正確。B選項“國家政策傾向于降低利潤，抑制投資”：國家制定政策的目的不是限制企業(yè)的發(fā)展，而是為了維護公眾的權益，屬于偷換概念。A選項“政府干預經(jīng)濟是有害的”：作者沒有表明這件事情有害，屬于無中生有。D選項“大多數(shù)法規(guī)并不是為了保護公眾”：根據(jù)第二段第二句Thereisagreatamountofregulation,mostofitmeantfortheprotectionofthepublic.（在大量的規(guī)章制度中，大部分是為了保護公眾。），可知大多數(shù)法規(guī)是為了保護公眾，屬于反向干擾。因此C選項正確。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第三句thereasonsforpanics,recessions,anddepressionsareofacomplexnature（恐慌，經(jīng)濟衰退和蕭條的原因很復雜），可知這是因為經(jīng)濟衰退的原因太復雜，有眾多因素，C選項“因為這背后有太多的原因”正確。A選項“因為沒有經(jīng)濟學家無所不知”：根據(jù)第五段最后一句SomanyfactorscontributedtotheGreatDepressionofthe1930s,forexample,thatnoeconomisthaseverbeenabletoaccountforallofthem.（例如，造成上世紀30年代大蕭條的因素如此之多，以至于沒有經(jīng)濟學家能夠解釋所有這些因素。），這里表達的是原因太多，經(jīng)濟學家不能解釋，而不是強調(diào)經(jīng)濟學家知道的不多，屬于偷換概念。B選項“因為它總是伴隨著一段時期的繁榮”：根據(jù)第五段第二句Forcenturieseconomieshavebeensubjecttoperiodsofprosperityfollowedbyperiodsofdecline.（幾個世紀以來，經(jīng)濟經(jīng)歷了一段又一段的繁榮和衰退。），這里指的是經(jīng)濟有起有落的這個現(xiàn)象，而不是經(jīng)濟衰退伴隨著繁榮，屬于偷換概念。D選項“因為很難預測它什么時候會到來”：文中沒有提到，屬于無中生有。因此C選項正確。

5.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章最后一句Howeconomiesworkandwhatremediescanbefoundtokeepthemoperatingefficientlyarethetasksofeconomists,whomustworktogetherwithbusinessmenandpoliticians.（經(jīng)濟如何運行，以及找到什么補救措施來保持其高效運行，這是經(jīng)濟學家的任務，他們必須與商人和政治家合作。），可知為了保持經(jīng)濟持續(xù)發(fā)展，經(jīng)濟學家需要與商人和政治家合作，D選項“與商人和政治家合作”正確。A選項“找出經(jīng)濟衰退的確切原因”：根據(jù)最后一段第一句thecausesofdeclineareuncertain（衰退的原因不確定），可知無法找出經(jīng)濟衰退的確切原因，屬于反向干擾。B選項“找到解決失業(yè)問題的方法”：根據(jù)最后一段第二句allindustrializedsocietiesthroughtheirgovernmentshavetriedtostabilizeeconomies,keepthemprosperous,andreduceunemployment（所有工業(yè)化社會都通過政府努力穩(wěn)定經(jīng)濟，保持繁榮，降低失業(yè)率），可知這是政府做的事，而非經(jīng)濟學家做的事，屬于張冠李戴。C選項“找出導致經(jīng)濟繁榮的所有因素”：在這里沒有提到，屬于無中生有。因此D選項正確。

13.翻譯題

Menliveinsocietynotbecausetheyaremen,butbecausetheyareanimals.Thesocialwayoflifeisastageintheevolutionoflifepriortotheappearanceofthehumanrace.

Whatisdistinctiveaboutmanisthathehaddevelopedsocialorganizationfarmorequicklythananyotheranimalspecies,sothatitisagiantstepincomplexitybetweenthemostelaboratenon-humansocietyandthemostelementarysocietyofmen.Humansocietysharescharacteristicswithanimalsocieties;itisformedbyagivenpopulationofindividuals,allbelongingtothesamespecies.Itshowsaninternalspecializationoftasks.Individualsinteractasmembersofthesamespeciesandpossessonecommonlanguagewhichsetsthemapartfromotherspecies.Thelevelofpopulationisperpetuatedbymeansofbiologicalreproductionandofconstantstruggleagainsttheenvironment.Similaritieslikethesebecameconspicuouswhenhumansocialorganizationiscomparedwiththatofotherprimates(靈長目).

【答案】【參考譯文】人類生活在社會中不是因為他們是人，而是因為他們是動物。社會性的生活方式是生命進化中一個先于人類出現(xiàn)的階段。

人類的獨特之處在于他發(fā)展社會組織的速度要遠遠快于任何其他動物物種，所以在區(qū)分最復雜的非人類社會和最初級的人類社會之間的復雜性方面，這是一大的進步。人類社會和動物社會具有相同的特點，它是由屬于同一物種的特定數(shù)量的個體組成；它顯示了任務的內(nèi)部具體化過程。個體作為同一物種的一部分相互接觸，擁有著共同的語言，而正是這種語言將他們與其他物種區(qū)分開來；通過生物繁衍和與環(huán)境的持續(xù)斗爭，人口數(shù)量基本保持不變。當人類社會組織和其他靈長類動物的社會組織作比較時，類似這樣的相同之處就變得明顯了。

14.單選題

Iffullcreditsweregiventothispartitcould（）ahighgradeforthestudentinhisphysicalcourse.

問題1選項

A.belongto

B.bedueto

C.besubjectto

D.contributeto

【答案】D

【解析】動詞詞組辨析題。belongto"屬于";bedueto"由于";besubjectto"受支配,從屬于";contributeto"有助于;貢獻"。根據(jù)句意：如果學生在這部分得到滿分的話，這將有助于學生在物理課上取得高分。選項D符合句意。

15.單選題

Wecanbeginourdiscussionof“populationasaglobalissue”withwhatmostpersonmeanwhentheydiscuss“thepopulationproblem”:toomanypeopleonearthandatoorapidincreaseinthenumberaddedeachyear.Thefactsarenotindispute.Itwasquiterighttoemployasimilarmatterthatlinkeddemographic(人口統(tǒng)計學)growthto“along,thinpowerfusethatburnssteadilyfromtimetotimeuntilitfinallyreachesthelimit,andexplodes”.

Tounderstandthecurrentsituation,whichischaracterizedbyrapidincreasesinpopulation,itisnecessarytounderstandthehistoryofpopulationtrends.Rapidgrowthisacomparativelyrecentphenomenon.Lookingbackatthe8,000yearsofdemographichistory.Wefindthatpopulationhavebeenreallystableorgrowingveryslightlyformostofhumanhistory.Formostofourancestors,lifewashard,oftennasty,andveryshort.Formostofhumanhistory,itwasseldomthecasethatoneintenpersonswouldlivepastforty,whereinfancyandchildhoodwereespeciallyriskyperiods.Often,societieswereincleardangerofextinctionbecausedeathratescouldexceedtheirbirthrates.Thus,thepopulationproblemthroughoutmostofhistorywashowtopreventextinctionofthehumanrace.

Thispatternisimportanttoknow.Notonlydoesitputthecurrentproblemsofdemographicgrowthintoahistoricalperspective,butitsuggeststhatthecauseofrapidincreaseinpopulationinrecentyearsisnotasuddenenthusiasmformorechildren,butanimprovementintheconditionsthattraditionallyhavecausedhighrateofdeath.

Demographichistorycanbedividedintotwomajorperiods:atimeoflong,slowgrowthwhichextendedfromabout8000B.C.tillapproximately1650A.D.Andaperiodofrapidgrowthsince1650.Inthefirstperiodofsome9,600years,thepopulationincreasedformsome8millionto500millionin1650.Between1650andthepresent,thepopulationhasincreasedfrom500milliontomorethan4billion.Anditisestimatedthatbytheyear2020therewillbe8billionpeoplethroughouttheworld.Onewaytoappreciatethisdramaticdifferenceinsuchabstractnumbersistoreducethetimeframetosomethingthatismoremanageable.Between8000B.C.and1650,anaverageofonly50,000personswasbeingaddedannuallytotheworld’spopulationeachyear.Atpresent,thisnumberisaddedeverysixhours.Theincreaseisabout80,000,000personsannually.

1.Accordingtothepassage,“populationasaglobalissue”（）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromtheexampleofapowerfusethat（）.

3.Whatleadstoastablegrowthofpopulationformostofhumanhistory?

4.Thereasonforarapidgrowthofpopulationliesinthefactthat（）.

5.Howmanypeopleareborneverysixhoursatpresent,accordingtotheauthor?

問題1選項

A.isquiteunlikethepopulationproblemandthusdoesn’tneedourconcern

B.focusesontrackingdownthereasonofrapidpopulationgrowth

C.dealswiththesameproblemarousedbythepopulationproblem

D.willmanagethepopulationgrowthproblemfromglobalperspectives

問題2選項

A.toomuchpopulationwillonedayleadtothedoomofhumanbeings

B.thetrendofpopulationgrowthwillkeepunsteadyuntilthedestructionofEarth

C.demographicgrowthwillfollowacertainpatternofupsanddowns

D.itislikelyinthenearfuturethatpopulationwillreducegradually

問題3選項

A.Speciescompetition

B.Lowfertility

C.Tribalfights

D.Highrateofdeath

問題4選項

A.peoplearepermittedtohavemorechildren

B.peoplecanlivebetterthanbefore

C.newbornbabiesdielessthanbefore

D.wehavefoundthesecretoflongevity

問題5選項

A.Eightymillion.

B.Eightthousand

C.Fiftythousand

D.Fivemillion

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.判斷推理題。原文首段第一句提及“Wecanbeginourdiscussionof‘populationasaglobalissue’withwhatmostpersonmeanwhentheydiscuss‘thepopulationproblem’…當大多數(shù)人在討論‘人口問題’的時候，我們也可以開始‘人口作為一個全球問題’的討論?！庇纱丝芍?，這兩個問題是一樣的，都是由人口問題引發(fā)的，所以選項C正確。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)關鍵詞“powerfuse”定位到第一段最后一句“Itwasquiterighttoemployasimilarmatterthatlinkeddemographicgrowthto‘a(chǎn)long,thinpowerfusethatburnssteadilyfromtimetotimeuntilitfinallyreachesthelimit,andexplodes’.它很正確地使用了一個類似的問題，即把人口增長與‘一根又長又細的電源保險絲，它不時地穩(wěn)定燃燒，直到最終達到極限并爆炸’聯(lián)系起來?！庇纱丝芍?，作者是想通過電源保險絲的例子告訴我們，人口過多總有一天會導致人類的滅亡，所以選項A正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第二段的倒數(shù)第三句“Formostofhumanhistory,itwasseldomthecasethatoneintenpersonswouldlivepastforty,whereinfancyandchildhoodwereespeciallyriskyperiods.在人類歷史的大部分時間里，很少會有十分之一的人活過四十歲，而在這個時期，嬰兒期和兒童期是特別危險的?！币簿褪钦f，導致人口穩(wěn)定增長的原因是高死亡率，選項D符合原文。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容：它不僅從歷史的角度看待目前的人口增長問題，它表明了近年來人口快速增長的原因不是人們突然想要生更多的孩子，而是因為改善了傳統(tǒng)上造成高死亡率的狀況。由此可知，人口快速增長的真正原因在于死亡率的改善，所以選項B符合題意。

5.細節(jié)事實題。題干問的是“目前每六小時有多少人出生?”根據(jù)最后一段的最后三句“Between8000B.C.and1650,anaverageofonly50,000personswasbeingaddedannuallytotheworld’spopulationeachyear.Atpresent,thisnumberisaddedeverysixhours.Theincreaseisabout80,000,000personsannually.公元前8000年—1650年間，世界人口平均每年只增加5萬人。目前，這個數(shù)字每六小時增加一次。每年大約增加8000萬人?！庇纱丝芍?，現(xiàn)在每六個小時有5萬人出生，所以選項C正確。

16.單選題

ThelargevillageinsouthernHunanwhereshewasbomandgrowupisinahillyareanotfarfromtheborderwithGuangdong.

問題1選項

A.insouthernHunan

B.growup

C.inahillyarea

D.borderwithGuangdong

E.沒有問題

【答案】B

【解析】時態(tài)錯誤。grow改為grew。and表示并列，and前用的一般過去時was，后面也應該用一般過去時。

17.單選題

Thewind（）thelightoftheoillamp.

問題1選項

A.swayed

B.vibrated

C.shook

D.flickered

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項sway“影響；統(tǒng)治”；B選項vibrate“振動；顫動”；C選項shake“動搖；搖動”；D選項flicker“閃爍，搖曳”。句意：風使油燈的燈光閃爍。因此D項符合句意。

18.單選題

Sincehisinjurywasserious,thedoctorsuggestedthathe（）inthegame.

問題1選項

A.didnotplay

B.mustnotplay

C.notplay

D.nottoplay

【答案】C

【解析】suggest表建議時用虛擬語氣，用should+動詞原形，should可省略，所以選項C正確。

19.單選題

Patientsusuallydescribethefeelingas_______andinsomecasesitcantriggerdepression.

問題1選項

A.distracting

B.distorting

C.distressing

D.disabling

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.distracting使人分心的B.distorting（v.）使變形，扭曲，使失真

C.distressing使人痛苦的，令人苦惱的D.disabling（v.）使喪失能力，使傷殘

【答案】C

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】橫線處形容thefeeling，結合itcantriggerdepression，可知這種感覺讓人感到極其不適，distressing符合語境，因此C選項正確。

【干擾項排除】A、B、D選項不符合語境。

【句意】患者通常描述這種感覺很痛苦，在某些情況下，這種感覺會引發(fā)抑郁。

20.單選題

Arapidmeansoflong-distancetransportationbecameanecessityfortheUnitedStateassettlementspreadeverfartherwestward.Theearlytrainswereimpracticalcuriosities,andforalongtimetherailroadcompaniesmetwithtroublesomemechanicalproblems.Themostseriousonesweretheconstructionofrailsabletobeartheload,andthedevelopmentofasafe,affectivestoppingsystem.Oncetheseweresolved,therailroadwasestablishedasthebestmeansoflandtransportation.By1860therewerethousandsofmilesofrailroadscrossingtheeasternmountainrangesandreachingwestwardtotheMississippi.Therewerealsoregionalsouthernandwesternlines.

Thehighpointinrailroadbuildingcamewiththeconstructionofthefirsttranscontinentalsystem.In1862CongressauthorizedtwowesternrailroadcompaniestobuildlinesfromNebraskawestwardandfromCaliforniaeastwardtoameetingpoint,soastocompleteatranscontinentalcrossinglinkingtheAtlanticseaboardwiththePacific.TheGovernmenthelpedtherailroadsgenerouslywithmoneyandland.Actualworkonthisprojectbeganfouryearslater.TheCentralPacificCompany,startingfromCalifornia,usedChineselabor,whiletheUnionPacificemployedcrewsofIrishlaborers.Thetwogroupsworkedatremarkablespeed,eachtryingtocoveragreaterdistancethantheother.In1869theymetata

placecalledPromontoryinwhatisnowthestateofUtah.Manyvisitorscamethereforthegreatoccasion.Therewerejoyouscelebrationsalloverthecountry,withparadesandtheringingofchurchbellstohonorthegreatachievement.

Therailroadwasveryimportantinencouragingwestward