英語語法專題講解之非謂語動詞課件

AlectureonEnglishGrammar英語語法講座英語語法中動詞的三種非謂語形式的應(yīng)用TheUseofThreeNon-infiniteFormsoftheVerbI.TheInfinitive1.Infinitivescanbeusedasallthemembersofasentenceexceptpredicate.ItcanbeusedasSubject,Object,Predicative,attributive,andadverbial(主語、賓語、表語、定語和狀語)I.TheInfinitive2.Formsoftheinfinitive（不定式的形式）：

一般式——主動：todo

被動：tobedoneI.TheInfinitive完成式—主動：tohavedone

被動：tohavebeendone進(jìn)行式—主動：tobedoing

被動：用beingdone

代替完成進(jìn)行式—主動：tohavebeendoing

被動：用tohavebeendone代替I.TheInfinitive2）不定式做主語常可用動名詞替代，如果是固定說法或強(qiáng)烈對比，則不用動名詞替代。e.g.(1)Toerrishuman.

人無完人，金無足赤。

(2)

Torespectothersistoberespected.尊重別人就是尊重自己。I.TheInfinitive3.Functionsoftheinfinitive(不定式的作用)1)Subject:e.g.(1)Toseeistobelieve.

眼見為實(shí)(2)

Totalktoheristotalktothewall.

對她說話就是對牛彈琴翻譯:（3）學(xué)以致用

Tolearnistouse.

（4）說是一回事，做又是一回事。Tosayisonethingandtodoisanother.

I.TheInfinitive這類動詞有：find,feel,believe,consider,think,make（6個）e.g.(1)Alltheseworriesmadeit

impossibleforhertoconcentrateonherwork.(2)Hemakesitarule

totakeawalkafterdinner.It作形式賓語Examples:(1)Ifeel/think/find/believe/consider/it

easy

tolearn/learningEnglishinthisway.(2)Imakeit

easyforyoutolearnEnglishbygivingyouthenotes.(3)Iconsideritrudethat

youinterruptwhenothersaretalking.I.TheInfinitive3)Predicative:(1)MytasktodayistowriteanarticleinEnglish.(2)Myhobbyis___(打籃球).(toplaybasketball)(3)Myjobis____(教書育人)。(toteachandeducatestudents)I.TheInfinitive4)Adverbial:(1)Adverbialofpurpose:e.g.(1)Wedon’tlivetoeat,butweeattolive.(2)Hejumpedintotherivertosavetheboy.2)Adverbialofreason:e.g.:I’msorrytotroubleyou.I.TheInfinitive5)Attributivemodifier:(1)Ihavenothingtoeat/do/worryabout.(動賓關(guān)系)(2)在thefirst,thesecond,thelast,thebest,theonly結(jié)構(gòu)后，須跟不定式作定語e.g.:(1)Heisthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.I.TheInfinitive(2)Itisthebesttogotherenow.(3)Heisthe

onlypersontorelyon.(4)Sheis/wasthelasttoagree.(5)Hewasthefirst____(獲得諾貝爾文學(xué)獎).I.TheInfinitive6)IndependentElement(獨(dú)立成份)Tomakealongstoryshort長話短說Tocallaspadeaspade實(shí)事求是地說I.TheInfinitive4.不定式的難點(diǎn)：1)不定式的進(jìn)行式(Progressiveinfinitive)不定式的一般式表示不定式的動作與謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生或在其后發(fā)生，而不定式的進(jìn)行式表示不定式的動作與謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生，而且正在進(jìn)行著e.g.(1)Heissaidtowriteabook.(Hewill)(2)Heissaidtobewritingabook.(Heiswriting)I.TheInfinitive3)不定式的完成進(jìn)行式(Perfectprogressiveinfinitive)表示不定式的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞的動作之前，而且一直進(jìn)行著e.g.:Hewashappytohavebeenstayingwithhisuncle.I.TheInfinitive5.不定式的幾個特殊結(jié)構(gòu)1)疑問代詞（副詞）+不定式e.g.:(1)HowtoimproveEnglishisoftendiscussedamongstudents.(2)Ihaven’tdecidedwheretogo/whichtochoose.I.TheInfinitive3)too…to…(太…以致于…)但當(dāng)too前有only,all等修飾語，之后接pleased,glad,kind,eager,easy,ready，careful作表語時，“too…to…”

就失去否定意義e.g.:(1)I’monlytoopleasedtohelpyou.(2)I’malltoopleasedtohelpyou.

(alltoo:實(shí)在太)(3)Youcanneverbetoocarefultodriveacar.(開車怎么細(xì)心都不為過。)I.TheInfinitive6.不帶to的不定式1)在hadbetter,wouldrather,wouldsooner,wouldrather…than…,ratherthan,can’thelpbut,mightaswell,cannotbut,letalone之后用不帶to的不定式2)在hear,listento,feel,see,lookat,watch,notice,observe,perceive(覺察到)等感官動詞或make,let,have等使役動詞后I.TheInfinitive7.介詞except和but之跟不定式結(jié)構(gòu)有do無to,無do有to;e.g.:HedidnothingexceptwatchTV.Ihavenochoicebuttowait.Hepromisedtodoanythingbut___.A.towashclothesB.washclothesII.TheGerund:doing1)SubjectEatingtoomuchsugarisnotgoodforyourteeth.Seeingisbelieving.II.TheGerund:doing2)Object*有些動詞只能用動名詞作賓語：mind,avoid,enjoy,quit,postpone,putoff,…*有些動詞既能用動名詞也能用不定式作賓語（1）love,like,hate,dislike,prefer,begin,start（區(qū)別不大）（2）want,need,remember,forget,regret,try,stop（明顯區(qū)別）II.TheGerund:doing*成語動詞之后接動名詞

(prepositionalobject介詞賓語)

例如：thinkofdoing,objecttodoing,lookforwardtodoing,getusedtodoing,betiredofdoing,getdowntodoing,…II.TheGerund:doing*在有些句型中，常省略介詞in,之后用-ing(1)Thereisnouse(in)arguingwithhim.(2)Thereisnopoint(in)goingthere.(3)Hespent3hours(in)writingacomposition.(4)Wehave/hastrouble/difficulty/problems/fun/agoodtime(in)doingsth.II.TheGerund:doing3)predicativeMyjobisteaching.Thebestpolicyis___(誠實(shí))。（beinghonest）II.TheGerund:doing*在godoing結(jié)構(gòu)中，表示某種活動goshopping,goswimming,gohunting,gohiking,gocamping,gopicnicking,gofishingII.TheGerund:doing*在dosome/much/more+doing結(jié)構(gòu)中，表示干某事dosomeshopping,dosomereadingdomuchcleaning,dosomewashing,dosomecooking,domuchwritingII.TheGerund:doing*在特定標(biāo)語中NoParking!Nosmoking!NoSpitting!NoClimbing!NoTakingPhotos!NoThrowingLitter!III.TheParticiple1.thepresentparticiple:doing2.thepastparticiple:doneIII.TheParticiple1.thepresentparticiple:Functionsasanadj.（具有形容詞的性質(zhì)）Usedaspredicative,adverbial,attributive,objectcomplement(表、狀、定、賓補(bǔ))III.TheParticiple1)predicativeThefoodsmellsinviting.Thebookisinteresting/touching/moving.2)adverbial(1)adverbialoftime:WhenIarrivedatthestation,Ifoundthetrainhadgone.---Arrivingatthestation,….III.TheParticiple(2)adverbialofreason:e.g.:1.Becausehewasachild,hecouldnotunderstoodit.---Beingachild,….2.Becausewedidn’tknowhiscellphonenumber,wecouldn’tcontacthim.---Notknowinghiscellphonenumber,….3.BecauseshehasstayedinChinaforyears,shecanspeakChineseperfectly.---HavingstayedinChina,….III.TheParticiple3)attributivee.g.:1.Thegirlwhoisrunningtousismysister.---Thegirlrunningtousismysister.Amanrespectingotherswillberespected.Abitingdogneverbites.III.TheParticiple4)objectcomplement(or:aspartofcomplexobject復(fù)合賓語的一部分)(1)感官動詞之后e.g.:1.Iwatchedthechildrenplayingintheyard.2.Iheardyoudrivingpigstothemarketlastnight.3.Helistenedtotherainbeatingonthewindow.III.TheParticiple(2)使役動詞keep,send,get,leave,catch,set,have,start之后e.g.:1.Youkeptmewaitinghere.2.Hesenttheballflying.3.Yougottheclockgoing.4.Yougotusthinking.5.Thepolicecaught/gothimstealing.6.Wholeftthemachinerunningallnightlong?7.Thatstarted/setmethinking.8.Theteacherhaduslearningalltheevening.III.TheParticiple2.thepastparticiple:Functionsasanadj.,indicating“passiveandfinished/done”Usedaspredicative,adverbial,attributive,objectcomplementIII.TheParticiple1)predicativee.g.:1.Heisgone.2.Hegotpromoted.3.Shebecamediscouraged.4.Heisworried/excited/surprised/shocked/touched/moved.III.TheParticiple2)attributive

e.g.:1.Theguestsinvitedtothepartywereforeignambassadors.2.LanguageusedontheradioandTVisrichinidioms.3.Anythingnotwantedshouldbeleftbehind.4.StudentseducatedatHarvardUniversityarepopularintheworld.III.TheParticiple3)adverbiale.g.:1.Seenfromthesky,ourcollegelooksbeautiful.2.Angeredbythedecisionthelawyerquicklyleftthecourtroom.3.United,westand;divided,wefall.4.Whenaskedaboutthesituation,hesaidnothing.5.Thoughwounded,hecontinuedtofight.III.TheParticiple4)objectcomplement(or:aspartofcomplexobject復(fù)合賓語的一部分)(1)感官動詞之后e.g.:1.I’mgladtoseethechildren

welllookedafter/wellfed.2.Ifoundthecardamagedbadly.3.Iheardthedog