2022年英語-高一-句子成分

..可編輯版可編輯版.可編輯版Lesson1句子成分【教學(xué)目標(biāo)】1.復(fù)習(xí)語法句子成分，掌握句子成分的構(gòu)成，為長難句的理解打根底。2.新題型講解—語法填空技巧【教學(xué)重點】學(xué)會判斷句子的各個成分；在不斷穩(wěn)固練習(xí)的根底上熟練掌握語法填空的技巧。PART1語法講解PART1語法講解定義：構(gòu)成句子的各個局部叫做句子成分。句子成分主要有主語，謂語，賓語，表語，定語，狀語，補足語，同位語等。主語：句子的主體，全句述說的對象。一般由名詞、代詞、不定式、動名詞或從句擔(dān)當(dāng)，通常位于句首。Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.Ineedabook.Toseeistobelieve.Seeingisbelieving.HaveATryHaveATry找出以下句子中的主語1.Shewentoutinahurry.2.Tomisverytall.3.Pridegoesbeforeafall.4.Lookingupallthenewwordsinthedictionarytookhimalotoftime.2、謂語：描述主語的行為動作或所處的狀態(tài)。由動詞，動詞短語或系動詞加表語擔(dān)任，常置于主語后。謂語動詞有人稱，數(shù)，時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。Thetrainleavesat6o’clock.Sheisreading.Thissongsoundswonderful.Iworkedoutthisproblemunderthehelpofmymathteacher.動詞分類：動詞的分類：=1\*GB2⑴行為動詞：及物動詞不及物動詞..可編輯版可編輯版.可編輯版=2\*GB2⑵系動詞：be動詞和感官動詞=3\*GB2⑶情態(tài)動詞=4\*GB2⑷助動詞謂語：=1\*GB2⑴簡單謂語HaveATry=2\*GB2⑵復(fù)合謂語助動詞+主要動詞HaveATry情態(tài)動詞+主要動詞找出以下句子中的謂語1.Hiswritingisverybeautiful.2.Somepeoplewilldojustaboutanythingtosavemoney.3.Youshouldtryyourbesttofulfillyourtasks..3、賓語：表示動作的對象。一般由名詞〔短語〕,代詞，數(shù)詞，動名詞〔短語〕，動詞不定式〔短語〕，從句等充當(dāng)，常置于謂語后。Hewonthegame.Helikesplayingcomputer.Peoplelovetogettogethertoeat,drinkandhavefunwitheachother.HaveATryHaveATry找出以下句子中的賓語1.Showyourpassport,please.2.Shedidn'tsayanything.3.Canyoutellmethewaytothenearesthospital.4、表語：用以表述主語的特征、狀態(tài)、身份等。一般由名詞(名詞短語)，代詞，數(shù)詞，動名詞〔短語〕，不定式〔短語〕或形容詞擔(dān)任，置于系動詞之后。Heisastudent.Wearetired.Youlookhappytoday.注意：除了be系動詞外，還有一些動詞也可以用作系動詞，1)表感官的動詞:sound,look,smell,taste,touch,feel,等。2)表轉(zhuǎn)變變化的動詞:go,become,turn,grow,get等。HaveATry3)表延續(xù)的動詞:keep,stay,remainHaveATry找出以下句子中的表語1.Thewarwasover.2.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.3.Leavesturnyellowinautumn.4.Foodgoesbadeasilyinsummer...可編輯版可編輯版.可編輯版5、定語：對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或句子。形容詞，代詞，介詞短語，不定式〔短語〕，動名詞〔短語〕，分詞，從句等均可做定語。單個詞作定語通常置于被修飾詞的前面；短語或從句作定語通常置于被修飾詞的后面。Theblackbikeismine.〔black作定語〕TheboyinblueisJim.〔inblue作定語〕Ihavenothingtodotoday.〔nothing作定語〕注意：1、當(dāng)定語修飾不定代詞如：nothing,anything,everything,something,anyone,everyone,someone等時，定語要放在其后作后置定語。Itellhimsomethinginteresting.2、不定式、短語或從句作定語時，也放在被修飾的名詞之后。HaveATryHaveATryIhavesomethingimportanttotellyounow.找出以下句子中的定語1.Heisacleverboy.2.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.3.Isthereanyoneelsewhowantstogowithme?6、狀語：用以修飾動詞，位置靈活。它可以表示地點、時間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方式、程度、和讓步等。副詞，介詞短語，不定式，分詞均可做狀語。1)、修飾形容詞或副詞時，通常位于被修飾的詞之前；Iamverysorry.2)、表示時間、地點、目的的狀語一般位于句子兩頭，強調(diào)時放在句首。Inordertocheerhimup,Itoldhimthetruth.TheyarewritingEnglishintheclassroom.3)、一些表示不確定時間〔如：often〕或程度〔如：almost〕的副詞狀語通常位于be動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞之后，動詞之前。Weoftenhelphim.Heisalwayslateforclass.狀語種類如下：Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?(時間狀語)Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.〔原因狀語〕Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.〔條件狀語〕MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.〔地點狀語〕Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.〔伴隨狀語〕Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.〔伴隨狀語〕Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.〔目的狀語〕Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.〔結(jié)果狀語〕HaveATrySheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.〔讓步HaveATry..可編輯版可編輯版.可編輯版找出以下句子中的狀語1.Iwillbebackinawhile.2.Theyareplayingontheplayground.3.Onlyinthisway,canyoumakeasuccess.7、補語：補充說明主語和賓語的情況。補語分為主語補足語和賓語補足語兩種，可由名詞，形容詞，介詞短語，分詞和不定式等擔(dān)任。常位于賓語后。Hemademesad.〔形容詞〕Sheasksmetotakeanumbrella.〔不定式〕Thewarmadehimasoldier.〔名詞〕Ifindhimathome.〔介詞短語〕HaveATryHaveATry找出以下句子中的補語1.Theycalledhimtheprinceofgymnasts.2.Iarrivedathomeverylate,tiredandhungry.3.Hiswordsmadeusangry.8、同位語：在句中對某一成分作進一步的解釋，說明，并且與其在語法上處于同等地位的句子成分叫做同位語，它通常位于名詞、代詞后面,它可以由名詞、代詞、名詞性短語或從句充當(dāng)。HaveATryHaveATryImyselfwilldotheexperiment.Thesuggestionthatthenewrulebeadoptedcamefromthechairman.找出以下句子中的同位語Thenewsthathewonthematchissoexciting.Theyexpressedthewishthatsheaccepttheaward.Thefactthatthemoneyhasgonedoesnotmeanitwasstolen.主謂賓表定狀補七種成分記清楚主謂賓表定狀補七種成分記清楚主謂賓表是主干輔助成分定狀補定語修飾名或代狀語修飾動形副主謂人稱要一致賓語之后可有補復(fù)習(xí)ReviewKeepthisinmindWearefamily!Wearefamily!..可編輯版可編輯版.可編輯版一．強化訓(xùn)練(一)挑出以下句中的賓語1.Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.2.PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.(二)挑出以下句中的表語1.Theoldmanfeltverytired.2.Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.(三)挑出以下句中的定語1.Whatisyourgivenname?2.Iamafraidsomecarelesspeopleforgottosweepthefloor.(四)挑出以下句中的賓語補足語1.Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.2.Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.(五)挑出以下句中的狀語1.Therewasabigsmileonherface.2.Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.PART2新題型講解PART2新題型講解語法填空閱讀下面材料，用不多于1個單詞的正確形式填空Yangshuo,ChinaItwasraininglightlywhenI__1__(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.ButIdidn’tcare.Afewhours__2__,I’dbeenathomeinHongKong,with__3_(it)chokingsmog.Here,theairwascleanandfresh,evenwiththerain.I’dskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver_4__arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinese_5__(painting).Instead,I‘dheadstraightforYangshuo.ForthosewhoflytoGuilin,it’sonlyanhouraway__6_carandoffersallthesceneryofthebetter-knowncity.Yangshuo__7__(be)reallybeautiful.Astudyoftravelers_8__(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.AndthetownisfastbecomingapopularweekenddestinationforpeopleinAsia.Abercrombie&Kent,atravelcompanyinHongKong,saysit__9__(regular)arrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople_10__(live)inShanghaiandHongKong...可編輯版可編輯版.可編輯版Keys:1.arrived2.before3.its4.which5.paintings6.by7.is8.conducted9.regularly10.living總結(jié)：新題型技巧——語法填空題型特征語法填空題是在一篇200詞左右的語言材料中留出10個空白，每空1.5分，共15分。局部空白的后面給出單詞的根本形式，要求考生根據(jù)上下文填寫其正確形式。不給出提示詞的包括：根據(jù)上下文的語境填入冠詞，連詞，代詞以及副詞或名詞等。不給提示詞的，詞數(shù)有限制，只填寫1個單詞。一般來說，給出的提示詞較多〔5—7個〕；考查詞形變化的偏多，并且未給出提示詞的空處〔3—5個〕有填實詞的考點；挖空一般比較均，所要填空的地方一般不會影響學(xué)生對短文的理解。能力要求該題型是考查考生在閱讀理解的根底上對語法和語用知識的掌握情況，著重考查考生的綜合語言運用能力。技巧點撥1.把握篇章理解。用約一分鐘瀏覽全文，明確大意及整個語境，明確人稱和主體時態(tài)，此乃做語法填空題的前提。2.處理好兩類詞的填空。填實詞時，先要根據(jù)改詞在句中的語法成分，確定好詞性(名詞，動詞，形容詞，副詞等)，再考慮其詞形。根據(jù)前后意思，還可能填所給詞的反義詞；填功能詞時，要根據(jù)上下文之間的聯(lián)系，空格前后詞語的支配關(guān)系，詞語搭配，以及句子結(jié)構(gòu)的要求，填上所需的功能詞?？键c設(shè)置一．有提示詞1.動詞〔謂語∕非謂語〕。給出動詞的原形，根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的需要填其適當(dāng)?shù)男问健Ｌ顒釉~形式，首先抓住主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，確定主句，剩下的局部，如有連詞，那么是句子，仍有主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，否那么就用非謂語。..可編輯版可編輯版.可編輯版?常考點?1.謂語：時態(tài)，語態(tài)，主謂一致2.非謂語：todo,doing,done(1).MsChen__________(teach)meEnglishsinceJunior1,andtoshowmyappreciationIdecidedtogetherapresent.(2).IwascertainshewouldlikeitbecauseI________(tell)bymyclassmatesthatshelovedhotfood.(3).AnofficialfromtheMinistryofEducationsaidthatChinafollowsaneducationalpolicythat____________(encourage)studentstostudyabroad.(4).Atransitspokesmansaidthedrivershould________(make)radiocalltothecontrolcenterforhelp.(5).Wemustalsoconsiderthereactionoftheperson_______(receive)thegift.(6).Withtheproblem_______(solve),Ifeltproudofmyachievement.(7).IthennoticedthatIhadjust10minutesleft________(complete)therest.(8)._________(compare)withthepreviousyear,thenumberofstudentswhowentabroadforstudywasincreasedby15,000,orariseof13％.(9).Wemustpracticespeakingand________(write)thelanguagewheneverwecan.(10).Butitisnotenoughonly________(memorize)rulesfromagrammarbook.Keys:(1).havetaught(2).wastold(3).encourages(4).make(5).receiving(6).solved(7).tocomplete(8).compared(9).writing(10).tomemorize2.名詞。給知名詞，主要考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)變化，名詞的可數(shù)與不可數(shù)。掌握名詞所有格和名詞作定語的用法。..可編輯版可編輯版.可編輯版?常考點?名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)(1).Formostofusthe________(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork.(2).Butagoodteachershowshowtofind_________(answer).(3).Thinkofacomputer:itstoresalotof_________(information).(4).Itisanotherbookofmy________(brother).Keys:changesanswersinformationbrother’s3.形容詞，副詞。給出形容詞副詞，首先要考慮形副之間的轉(zhuǎn)換，形容詞修飾名詞和代詞，或與系動詞連用；副詞主要修飾動詞，形容詞，副詞及整個句子。其次，形容詞和副詞有比較等級的變化〔包括比較級和最高級〕。??？键c?1.形容詞和副詞的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換2.比較等級(1)._________(fortunate),Davidpassedthefinalexam.(2).“Thirty-fivecents,〞shesaid________(rude).(3).Nothingcouldbe_______(sweet).(4).Oneofthe_______(bad)giftchoicesIevermadewasformyhighschool.Keys:Fortunatelyrudelysweeterworst4.詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。給出提示詞原形，通過句子分析，缺少什么成分，再用正確的單詞形式補充完整。如名詞變形容詞，動詞變形容詞，形容詞變副詞，動詞變名詞等。這屬于比較根底的單詞拼寫方面的能力要求。〔注意：分析句意，注意單詞否認(rèn)意義的考查，即需要加詞綴〕?常考點?詞形轉(zhuǎn)換(1).Somepeoplewerenowwaitingforherserviceandthewaitressgrewabit_______(patience)...可編輯版可編輯版.可編輯版(2).Youhavedonewellandmadegreatachievementinthe_______(entertain)field.(3).Thesepeoplehavemadegreat_______(contribute)toChinawiththeirwork.(4).Thetornadoesdamagedseveral_______(new)builtbuildings.(5).Numerousstudieshaveshownthatfreeplayisvery_______(benefit).Itcanhelpchildrenbecomecreative.Keys:patiententertainmentcontributionnewlybeneficial二．無提示詞1.冠詞。名詞前無限定詞修飾，可考慮用冠詞。有時也會出現(xiàn)在序數(shù)詞，最高級或一些固定搭配中。注意不定冠詞a,an和定冠詞the的區(qū)別。??？键c?1.不定冠詞a,an的用法2.定冠詞the的用法(1).ThenIwenttothedepartmentstoreandboughther______expensivegiftboxofSichuanbeef.(2).ButmymoodquicklychangedwhenIsaw_______firstquestion.(3).Televisionisnotonlyaconvenientsourceofentertainment,butalso_________comparativelycheapone.(4).Tom,________8-year-oldboy,enteredahotelcoffeeshop.(5).HetalkedabouthowIwrestledwithhimintheeveningsand______goodmanyotherthings.Keys:antheaana2.介詞。當(dāng)空格后面的名詞不作主語，也不作動詞的賓語時，應(yīng)為介詞的賓語，固填介詞。主要考查一些介詞的固定搭配，平常學(xué)習(xí)中多積累相關(guān)短語。..可編輯版可編輯版.可編輯版??？键c?1.介詞的根本用法2.固定搭配(1)._________thesametime,theywarmupagainforthenight.(2).IwasalwaystoldthatthethreePswereasurepath_______success.(3).“Don’tbealwaysbeparticular_______yourpresentworkandincome.(4).ItbegantomakesensetomethatIcouldincludepraisealong_______constructivecriticism.(5).Thereisnoeasywaytosuccess_______languagelearning.Keys:Attoaboutwithbut3.連詞。(附屬連詞和并列連詞)假設(shè)兩個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)之間，沒有句號或分號，也沒有連詞，那空格處必定是填連詞。?常考點?1.附屬連詞〔三大從句〕2.并列連詞A).引導(dǎo)各種從句的連詞叫附屬連詞?？疾榘ǎ憾ㄕZ從句關(guān)系詞who,whom,that,which,whose,when,where,why,as;名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞：that,if,whether,who,what,which,whose,when,where,why,how,wh-ever等；狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞：when,if,because,though,until,unless等。(1).Theexam,_______wasoriginallytobeheldinourclassroom,waschangedtothelibraryatthelastminute.(2).Manythingsmustbeconsideredsuchas_______thepersonisinterestedinandhowoldheis...可編輯版可編輯版.可編輯版(3)._______heisrich,hislifeisnothappy.(4).________childrenbelievetheycansucceed,theywillneverbecometotallyindependent.(5).Therehadbeenagrowingnumberofoverseasstudents______camebacktoChinaafterstudy.Keys:whichwhatThoughUnlesswhoB).并列句的各種關(guān)聯(lián)詞叫并列連詞。如and,but,or,so等。(1).Iaskedmyclassmatesaboutherinterest______Imademyfinaldecision.(2).Itisdifficultforparentsofnearlyeveryfamilytoteachtheirchildrentoberesponsibleforhousework,__________withoneofthefollowingsuggestions,youreallycangetyourchildrentohelpathome.Keys:andbut4.代詞。挖掉代詞，句子的結(jié)構(gòu)受到破壞，句子間出現(xiàn)不連貫。句中卻主語，賓語，表語成分可用人稱代詞；在名詞前起限定作用，可用物主代詞；反身代詞多出現(xiàn)在一些固定短語中。??？键c?1.人稱代詞2.物主代詞3.反身代詞(1).________________isnecessarythatheshouldrememberthesewords.(2).Firstly,wemustunderstandthelanguagewhenwehear_______spoken.(3).Some134,000Chinesestudentswenttostudyabroad,and120,000of_____wereself-fundedstudents.(4).Thelittleboypulled______righthandoutofthepocketandstudiedanumberofcoinsinit...可編輯版可編輯版.可編輯版(5).Ipatientlywalkedtothelibrary,tookmyseatanddidsomedeepbreathingtohelprelax__________Keys:Ititthemhismyself5.助動詞和情態(tài)動詞。假設(shè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)較完整，空格后的動詞是原形，特別是與上下文時態(tài)不一致或主謂不一致時，很可能是填情態(tài)動詞或表示強調(diào)或倒裝的助動詞〔do,does,did等〕，此時要注意主謂一致。??？键c?助動詞do,does,did表疑問，強調(diào)或倒裝。(1).Peterfailedtheexam.He_____knowitwashisownfault.(2).Mary______havecomehereontime.Shegotuptoolate.Keys:didshould實戰(zhàn)演練Withthedevelopmentofindustry，airpollutionisgettingmoreandmoreserious.InShanghai,manypeoplesufferfromdifferentkindsofillnessesbecause1airpollution.Airpollutionis2(main)causedbythefollowingreasons.Abouthalfoftheproblemiscausedbyvehicles(交通工具).Therearemoreandmorecarsandbusesontheroad,3giveoff4(poison)gases.35%ofairpollutioniscausedbyfactories.5factorissmoking.6(smoke)doesharmtoothers’healthaswellasto__7ofthesmokers.Besides,about10%ofairpollutioniscausedbyotherreasons.Weshouldtakesomemeasurestofightagainstpollution.Newfuelcanbeusedtotake__8placeofgas.Wecanplantmoretrees，grassandflowers.Allinall,ifeverybodyrealizesthe..可編輯版可編輯版.可編輯版9(important)ofenvironmentanddoessomethingtostoppollution,theproblem10(solve).Keys:ofmainlytheypoisonousAnotherSmokingthattheimportancewillbesolvedPART3課后作業(yè)PART3課后作業(yè)寫出下面劃線局部的成分并翻譯成漢語(2021山東，閱讀理解)Ann’sneighborTracyfoundalostdogwanderingaroundthelocalelementaryschool.(2021大綱，閱讀理解)ArrivinginSydneyonhisownfromIndia,myhusband,Rashid,stayedinahotelforashorttimewhilelookingforahouseformeandourchildren.3.(2021安徽，閱讀理解)Youarethecollectorinthegalleryofyourlife.4.(2021新課標(biāo)1，完形填空)MykidsandIwereheadingintothesupermarketovertheweekend.Ontheway,wespottedamanholdingapieceofpapersaid,“Lostmyjob.Familytofeed.〞5.(2021新課標(biāo)1,完形填空)Steppingoutnotonlyhelpedabrotherinneed,italsogavemykidsthesweettasteofhelpi