否定詞和否定句課件

英語課件牛津版高二模塊八Unit1英語課件牛津版1Unit1ThewrittenwordGrammarandusageUnit1Thewrittenword2NegativewordsandnegativestatementsNegativewordsandnegativest3Lookatthefollowingsentences,Arethesesentencestrue?Ifnot,howtocorrectthem?Moneycanbuyhappiness.Moneycannotbuyhappiness.Lookatthefollowingsentence4ShanghaiisnotthecapitalcityofChina.BeijingisthecapitalcityofChina.ShanghaiisthecapitalcityofChina.ShanghaiisnotthecapitalSh5Readtheguidelinesandanswer.1.Whyarenegativestatementsused?2.Whatarethemostcommonlyusednegativewords?Tocorrectamistakenidea.Themostcommonlyusednegativewordsareno,not,never,andneither.Readtheguidelinesandanswer63.Whatarethekindsofnegativestatements?(1)auxiliaryverb+

not(2)not

pairedwithotherwords(3)otherexpressions:hardly,farfrom,seldom,unless,wouldrather…than…3.Whatarethekindsofnegat7(4)usingno,neither,noneornothingtofromcompletenegation(5)partialnegation:wordslikeall,both,everyoneandeverythingareusedinnegativesentences(4)usingno,neither,noneor8Youmightnot(mightn’t)havebeenwrittenlastweek.Conclusion1:1)auxiliaryverb+not

It’sthesimplestkindandbasicformofnegativestatements,inwhich

not

or

n’t

usuallycomesaftertheauxiliaryverb.觀察下面的例子，總結(jié)否定陳述的構(gòu)成：

Youmightnot(mightn’t)have9It’snotuncommontofindherreadingthenewspaper.i.e.(It’squitecommontofindherreadingthenewspaper.)It’snotuncommontofindher10Conclusion2:2)notpairedwithotherwordsWhenusedbeforeawordwithanegativeprefix(e.g.un-,dis-,orin-),themeaningbecomespositive,thoughnotasstrongasadirectpositivestatement.Conclusion2:2)notpairedwi11Tip：Anegativestatementmaysometimeshaveapositivemeaning.e.g.Hedidn’tleaveanythingtohisson

but

abiglibraryofbooks.Studentsarenot

discouragedtodiscussthingswiththeirclassmates.Tip：Anegativestatementmays12Youractionswerenot

inexcusable,buttheywerecertainly

notappropriate.i.e.Youractionswereexcusable,butcertainlynotappropriate.Itisnot

uncommonforhimtobelate.Youractionswerenotinexcusa13Notmanypeopleheardthespeech.i.e.Veryfewpeopleheardthespeech.Whennotusedbeforeaphraseoftime,distanceoranounphraseincludingquantities,itservestoemphasizethenegativemeaningofthephrase.Conclusion3:Notmanypeopleheardthespee14Moreexamples:1.Itisnotalongdistancefromthecitycentretothenewrailwaystation.2.Itwillnotbelongbeforemostpeoplearoundtheworldknowhowtousethecomputer.3.Therewerenotmanypeoplepresentatthemeeting.Moreexamples:1.Itisnotal15Iwonderwhether/if

Ishouldn’tbringit.i.e.Iwonderwhether/ifIshouldbringit.Iwouldn’tbesurprisediftheydidn’tmovesoon.i.e.Iwouldn’tbesurprisediftheymovedsoon.Iwonderwhether/ifIshouldn163)extranegativeinif-clausesSometimesweusenegativeexpressionswiththewordswhetherandiftoshowourdoubtaboutasituation.ThesearemorecasualandareusuallyusedinspokenEnglish.Conclusion4:3)extranegativeinif-clause17Tip:1.“I

wonder

whether/if…”isusedwhenconsideringsomething,concerningoneself.2.“Iwouldn’tbesurprisedif…”isusedwhenconsideringsomething,concerningpeopleotherthanoneself.Tip:1.“Iwonderwhether/if…18Moreexamples:1.Iwonderwhether/ifIshouldn’tgetahaircut.2.Iwonderwhether/ifIshouldn’tbuyanewsuit.Moreexamples:1.Iwonderwhet19Pipcanhardlywaittobeginhisnewlife.Theclassicsarefarfromdisappearing.Pip’ssisterseldom

hasakindwordtosay.

Unlessyoureadthenovelyourself,youwillneverknowwhathappensattheend.JoewouldratherdiethanseeanyharmcometoPip.Pipcanhardlywaittobegin20Conclusion5:4)Usingsomenegativewordsandexpressions.Somecommonnegativeexpressionsare:hardly,farfrom,seldom,unless,freefrom,

and

wouldrather…than.Conclusion5:4)Usingsomeneg21Moreexamples:Thefortunesetshimfreefromfinancialworries.2.Youwillnotcatchtheearlybusunless

youleaverightnow.Moreexamples:Thefortunesets225)Whenwordslikeall,both,everyoneandeverythingareusedinnegativesentences,theyformpartialnegation.Conclusion6:AllthatyoufindontheInternetisnotuseful.Ididn’ttakeeverythingwithme.Moreexamples:5)Whenwordslikeall,both,23總結(jié)：陳述句的否定形式主要有以下幾種形式：1.not加在情態(tài)動詞、be動詞等的后面e.g.Shecouldnotanswerthequestion.Sheisnotateacher.總結(jié)：242.若謂語動詞是行為動詞，前面又沒有助動詞或情態(tài)動詞，需在謂語動詞之前加上助動詞再加否定詞not。e.g.Shedoesn’twanttogotothepark.Ihaven’tfinishedmyhomework.2.若謂語動詞是行為動詞，前面又沒有253.用帶有否定意義的詞來表示否定。這類詞有：no,none,nobody,nothing,nowhere,neither,never,hardly,little,few,seldom,barely,dislike,disagree,useless,unimportant,outof...,farfrom...,too...to等。3.用帶有否定意義的詞來表示否定。26e.g.Nooneisintheroom.Henevertelllies.Heisanythingbutawriter.Thisisasentencefreefrommistakes.Heistooilltohavebeenanywherebutinbed.e.g.Nooneisintheroom.27另外要注意以下幾種特殊情況：1.否定前移。這類詞有think,believe,expect等e.g.Idon’tthinkhehastimetoplaywithme.Idon’tbelieveheisright.2.部分否定和完全否定。表示部分否定常見的有:notboth，notall，noteach/every等。另外要注意以下幾種特殊情況：28e.g.Notbothofthestudentsareright.表示完全否定常見的有：neither,none,no等。e.g.Neitherofthemisright.

Noboyisabsent.

e.g.Notbothofthestudents29ReadthebookreportinpartAandcircleanynegativestatementsusedinthisreport.Forexample:1.…,experiencesachildhoodwithoutanyparents.2.…ReadthebookreportinpartA30ReadthesentencesinpartBandcompletethemusingthegivenwords.Changetheformwherenecessary.notuncommoncan’t…to…wouldrather…than…notmanyReadthesentencesinpartBa31Manystudents___________readcontemporarynovels____classics.2.Itis_____________forstudentstohavedifficultyunderstandingclassics.wouldratherthannotuncommonManystudents___________read323._________studentsinmyclasshavereadOliverTwist,soItoldthemthestory.4.You_____be____carefulwhencollectingthesestatistics.Notmanycan’ttoo3._________studentsinmycl33HepitiesOliver,takeshimhome,andtriestoreform

him.(page9)他同情奧立佛，把他帶回家并設(shè)法改變他。Thewordreformheremeans‘becomeormakebetterbyremovingorputtingrightfaults,errors’.變好，改善，改革L(fēng)anguagepointsHepitiesOliver,takeshi34e.g.Thelawneedstobereformed.法律需要進(jìn)行改革。Shethoughtshecouldreformhim.她覺得她可以使他洗心革面。e.g.Thelawneedstoberefor35考點考例1.auxiliaryverb+not

(P8)[考例1]There’snolighton—they_____beathome.(2006全國卷I)A.can’t B.mustn’tC.needn’t D.shouldn’t考點考例1.auxiliaryverb+not(36選A。此處要用情態(tài)動詞表推測，且用于否定句表示“肯定不……”，故can’t符合要求。must表推測時不用于否定句，mustn’t表示“禁止，不許”；needn’t不需要；shouldn’t不應(yīng)當(dāng)。選A。此處要用情態(tài)動詞表推測，且用于否定句表示“肯定不……”37[考例2]—Mycat’sreallyfat.—You___havegivenhersomuchfood.(浙江2007)A.wouldn’t B.couldn’tC.shouldn’t D.mustn’t[考例2]38選C。句意為：“我的貓真胖。”“你本不應(yīng)該給她這么多的食物?！眘houldn’thavedonesth.本不應(yīng)該做某事(暗含做了)。選C。句意為：“我的貓真胖。”“你本不應(yīng)該給她這么多的食物39[考例3]—Whatdoyouthinkwecandoforouragedparents?—You_____doanythingexcepttobewiththemandbeyourself.(重慶2007)A.don’thaveto B.oughtn’ttoC.mustn’t D.can’t[考例3]40選A。don’thaveto不必；oughtn’tto不應(yīng)當(dāng)；mustn’t禁止，不允許；can’t不可能，不可以，不能。答語句意為：除了與父母呆在一起、做真實的你以外，你不必做任何事情，所以don’thaveto為最佳選項。選A。don’thaveto不必；oughtn’tto41[考例4]Thebiggestproblemformostplants,which__________justgetupandrunawaywhenthreatened,isthatanimalsliketoeatthem.(湖南2007)A.shan’t B.can’tC.needn’t D.mustn’t

[考例4]42選B。can’t表示“不能”。A項表將來；C項意為“不必”；D項意為“禁止”，都不正確。句意為：對于絕大多數(shù)受到威脅時不能站起來就跑的植物來說最大的問題是動物喜歡吃它們。選B。can’t表示“不能”。A項表將來；C項意為“不必”；43[考例5]We_____haveprovedgreatadventurers,butwehavedonethegreatestmarchevermadeinthepasttenyears.(天津2006)A.needn’t B.maynotC.shouldn’t D.mustn’t[考例5]44選Ｂ。句意為：或許我們還沒有證明是偉大的探險者，但我們已經(jīng)取得了在過去的十年里最偉大的進(jìn)展。maynothavedonesth.或許還沒做過某事；needn’thavedonesth.本沒有必要做但做了某事；shouldn’thavedonesth.本不應(yīng)該做但做了某事。選Ｂ。句意為：或許我們還沒有證明是偉大的探險者，但我們已經(jīng)取45[考例6]I’msureyou’drathershewenttoschoolbybus,_____?(福建2006)A.hadn’tyouB.wouldn’tyouC.aren’tI D.didn’tshe[考例6]46選B。在反意疑問句中，如果主句的謂語動詞是think,suppose,believe,imagine,besure等，且主語為第一人稱時，反意疑問句要與后面的賓語從句一致。選B。在反意疑問句中，如果主句的謂語動詞是think,su472.Therearemanyothernegativeexpressions.Somecommononesarehardly,farfrom,seldom,unless,freefrom,andwouldrather...than.(P8)2.Therearemanyothernegati48[考例]Neverinmywildestdreams_____thesepeoplearelivinginsuchpoorconditions.(安徽2006)IcouldimagineB.couldIimagineC.Icouldn’timagineD.couldn’tIimagine[考例]49選B。表示否定意義的詞或短語，如never,hardly,seldom,little,few,bynomeans,atnotime等位于句首時，主句部分使用倒裝語序。選B。表示否定意義的詞或短語，如never,hardly50Butfortheirhelp,we____theprogramintime．（安徽2009）A.cannotfinishB.willnotfinishC.hadnotfinishedD.couldnothavefinishedButfortheirhelp,we____th512.Ican________beateacher.I’mnotaverypatientperson. (湖南2009)A.seldom B.ever

C.never D.always

3.YouandIcouldhardlyworktogether,________?(湖南2009)A.couldyou B.couldn’tI C.couldn’twe D.couldwe2.Ican________beateacher524.Little____aboutherownsafety,thoughshewasingreatdangerherself.(陜西2009)A.didRosecare B.Rosedidcare C.RosedoescareD.doesRosecare5.－Doyouwantanotherdrink?－________.(浙江2009)A.Idon’tthinkso B.Noway C.Notatall D.Iwouldn’tsayno4.Little____aboutherowns536.Asmallcarisbigenoughforafamilyofthree________youneedmorespaceforbaggage.(2008全國卷II)A.once B.because C.if D.unless6.Asmallcarisbigenoughf547.Itisoftensaidthatthejoyoftravelingis_____inarrivingatyourdestination______inthejourneyitself.(江蘇2008)A.不填;but B.不填;orC.not;or D.not;but7.Itisoftensaidthatthej558.ItwashardforhimtolearnEnglishinafamily,inwhich_____oftheparentsspokethelanguage.(北京2008)A.none B.neitherC.both D.each8.Itwashardforhimtolear569.Hehasmadealotoffilms,but______goodones.(北京2007)A.any B.some C.few D.many10.Thebookisofgreatvalue.____canbeenjoyedunlessyoudigestit.(福建2007)A.Nothing B.SomethingC.Everything D.Anything

9.Hehasmadealotoffilms,57HomeworkGooverthegrammarandmakemorenegativestatements.2.FinishPartC1andC2onpage100oftheworkbook.3.Learntheusefulwordsandexpressionsbyheart.HomeworkGooverthegrammaran58英語課件牛津版高二模塊八Unit1英語課件牛津版59Unit1ThewrittenwordGrammarandusageUnit1Thewrittenword60NegativewordsandnegativestatementsNegativewordsandnegativest61Lookatthefollowingsentences,Arethesesentencestrue?Ifnot,howtocorrectthem?Moneycanbuyhappiness.Moneycannotbuyhappiness.Lookatthefollowingsentence62ShanghaiisnotthecapitalcityofChina.BeijingisthecapitalcityofChina.ShanghaiisthecapitalcityofChina.ShanghaiisnotthecapitalSh63Readtheguidelinesandanswer.1.Whyarenegativestatementsused?2.Whatarethemostcommonlyusednegativewords?Tocorrectamistakenidea.Themostcommonlyusednegativewordsareno,not,never,andneither.Readtheguidelinesandanswer643.Whatarethekindsofnegativestatements?(1)auxiliaryverb+

not(2)not

pairedwithotherwords(3)otherexpressions:hardly,farfrom,seldom,unless,wouldrather…than…3.Whatarethekindsofnegat65(4)usingno,neither,noneornothingtofromcompletenegation(5)partialnegation:wordslikeall,both,everyoneandeverythingareusedinnegativesentences(4)usingno,neither,noneor66Youmightnot(mightn’t)havebeenwrittenlastweek.Conclusion1:1)auxiliaryverb+not

It’sthesimplestkindandbasicformofnegativestatements,inwhich

not

or

n’t

usuallycomesaftertheauxiliaryverb.觀察下面的例子，總結(jié)否定陳述的構(gòu)成：

Youmightnot(mightn’t)have67It’snotuncommontofindherreadingthenewspaper.i.e.(It’squitecommontofindherreadingthenewspaper.)It’snotuncommontofindher68Conclusion2:2)notpairedwithotherwordsWhenusedbeforeawordwithanegativeprefix(e.g.un-,dis-,orin-),themeaningbecomespositive,thoughnotasstrongasadirectpositivestatement.Conclusion2:2)notpairedwi69Tip：Anegativestatementmaysometimeshaveapositivemeaning.e.g.Hedidn’tleaveanythingtohisson

but

abiglibraryofbooks.Studentsarenot

discouragedtodiscussthingswiththeirclassmates.Tip：Anegativestatementmays70Youractionswerenot

inexcusable,buttheywerecertainly

notappropriate.i.e.Youractionswereexcusable,butcertainlynotappropriate.Itisnot

uncommonforhimtobelate.Youractionswerenotinexcusa71Notmanypeopleheardthespeech.i.e.Veryfewpeopleheardthespeech.Whennotusedbeforeaphraseoftime,distanceoranounphraseincludingquantities,itservestoemphasizethenegativemeaningofthephrase.Conclusion3:Notmanypeopleheardthespee72Moreexamples:1.Itisnotalongdistancefromthecitycentretothenewrailwaystation.2.Itwillnotbelongbeforemostpeoplearoundtheworldknowhowtousethecomputer.3.Therewerenotmanypeoplepresentatthemeeting.Moreexamples:1.Itisnotal73Iwonderwhether/if

Ishouldn’tbringit.i.e.Iwonderwhether/ifIshouldbringit.Iwouldn’tbesurprisediftheydidn’tmovesoon.i.e.Iwouldn’tbesurprisediftheymovedsoon.Iwonderwhether/ifIshouldn743)extranegativeinif-clausesSometimesweusenegativeexpressionswiththewordswhetherandiftoshowourdoubtaboutasituation.ThesearemorecasualandareusuallyusedinspokenEnglish.Conclusion4:3)extranegativeinif-clause75Tip:1.“I

wonder

whether/if…”isusedwhenconsideringsomething,concerningoneself.2.“Iwouldn’tbesurprisedif…”isusedwhenconsideringsomething,concerningpeopleotherthanoneself.Tip:1.“Iwonderwhether/if…76Moreexamples:1.Iwonderwhether/ifIshouldn’tgetahaircut.2.Iwonderwhether/ifIshouldn’tbuyanewsuit.Moreexamples:1.Iwonderwhet77Pipcanhardlywaittobeginhisnewlife.Theclassicsarefarfromdisappearing.Pip’ssisterseldom

hasakindwordtosay.

Unlessyoureadthenovelyourself,youwillneverknowwhathappensattheend.JoewouldratherdiethanseeanyharmcometoPip.Pipcanhardlywaittobegin78Conclusion5:4)Usingsomenegativewordsandexpressions.Somecommonnegativeexpressionsare:hardly,farfrom,seldom,unless,freefrom,

and

wouldrather…than.Conclusion5:4)Usingsomeneg79Moreexamples:Thefortunesetshimfreefromfinancialworries.2.Youwillnotcatchtheearlybusunless

youleaverightnow.Moreexamples:Thefortunesets805)Whenwordslikeall,both,everyoneandeverythingareusedinnegativesentences,theyformpartialnegation.Conclusion6:AllthatyoufindontheInternetisnotuseful.Ididn’ttakeeverythingwithme.Moreexamples:5)Whenwordslikeall,both,81總結(jié)：陳述句的否定形式主要有以下幾種形式：1.not加在情態(tài)動詞、be動詞等的后面e.g.Shecouldnotanswerthequestion.Sheisnotateacher.總結(jié)：822.若謂語動詞是行為動詞，前面又沒有助動詞或情態(tài)動詞，需在謂語動詞之前加上助動詞再加否定詞not。e.g.Shedoesn’twanttogotothepark.Ihaven’tfinishedmyhomework.2.若謂語動詞是行為動詞，前面又沒有833.用帶有否定意義的詞來表示否定。這類詞有：no,none,nobody,nothing,nowhere,neither,never,hardly,little,few,seldom,barely,dislike,disagree,useless,unimportant,outof...,farfrom...,too...to等。3.用帶有否定意義的詞來表示否定。84e.g.Nooneisintheroom.Henevertelllies.Heisanythingbutawriter.Thisisasentencefreefrommistakes.Heistooilltohavebeenanywherebutinbed.e.g.Nooneisintheroom.85另外要注意以下幾種特殊情況：1.否定前移。這類詞有think,believe,expect等e.g.Idon’tthinkhehastimetoplaywithme.Idon’tbelieveheisright.2.部分否定和完全否定。表示部分否定常見的有:notboth，notall，noteach/every等。另外要注意以下幾種特殊情況：86e.g.Notbothofthestudentsareright.表示完全否定常見的有：neither,none,no等。e.g.Neitherofthemisright.

Noboyisabsent.

e.g.Notbothofthestudents87ReadthebookreportinpartAandcircleanynegativestatementsusedinthisreport.Forexample:1.…,experiencesachildhoodwithoutanyparents.2.…ReadthebookreportinpartA88ReadthesentencesinpartBandcompletethemusingthegivenwords.Changetheformwherenecessary.notuncommoncan’t…to…wouldrather…than…notmanyReadthesentencesinpartBa89Manystudents___________readcontemporarynovels____classics.2.Itis_____________forstudentstohavedifficultyunderstandingclassics.wouldratherthannotuncommonManystudents___________read903._________studentsinmyclasshavereadOliverTwist,soItoldthemthestory.4.You_____be____carefulwhencollectingthesestatistics.Notmanycan’ttoo3._________studentsinmycl91HepitiesOliver,takeshimhome,andtriestoreform

him.(page9)他同情奧立佛，把他帶回家并設(shè)法改變他。Thewordreformheremeans‘becomeormakebetterbyremovingorputtingrightfaults,errors’.變好，改善，改革L(fēng)anguagepointsHepitiesOliver,takeshi92e.g.Thelawneedstobereformed.法律需要進(jìn)行改革。Shethoughtshecouldreformhim.她覺得她可以使他洗心革面。e.g.Thelawneedstoberefor93考點考例1.auxiliaryverb+not

(P8)[考例1]There’snolighton—they_____beathome.(2006全國卷I)A.can’t B.mustn’tC.needn’t D.shouldn’t考點考例1.auxiliaryverb+not(94選A。此處要用情態(tài)動詞表推測，且用于否定句表示“肯定不……”，故can’t符合要求。must表推測時不用于否定句，mustn’t表示“禁止，不許”；needn’t不需要；shouldn’t不應(yīng)當(dāng)。選A。此處要用情態(tài)動詞表推測，且用于否定句表示“肯定不……”95[考例2]—Mycat’sreallyfat.—You___havegivenhersomuchfood.(浙江2007)A.wouldn’t B.couldn’tC.shouldn’t D.mustn’t[考例2]96選C。句意為：“我的貓真胖。”“你本不應(yīng)該給她這么多的食物。”shouldn’thavedonesth.本不應(yīng)該做某事(暗含做了)。選C。句意為：“我的貓真胖。”“你本不應(yīng)該給她這么多的食物97[考例3]—Whatdoyouthinkwecandoforouragedparents?—You_____doanythingexcepttobewiththemandbeyourself.(重慶2007)A.don’thaveto B.oughtn’ttoC.mustn’t D.can’t[考例3]98選A。don’thaveto不必；oughtn’tto不應(yīng)當(dāng)；mustn’t禁止，不允許；can’t不可能，不可以，不能。答語句意為：除了與父母呆在一起、做真實的你以外，你不必做任何事情，所以don’thaveto為最佳選項。選A。don’thaveto不必；oughtn’tto99[考例4]Thebiggestproblemformostplants,which__________justgetupandrunawaywhenthreatened,isthatanimalsliketoeatthem.(湖南2007)A.shan’t B.can’tC.needn’t D.mustn’t

[考例4]100選B。can’t表示“不能”。A項表將來；C項意為“不必”；D項意為“禁止”，都不正確。句意為：對于絕大多數(shù)受到威脅時不能站起來就跑的植物來說最大的問題是動物喜歡吃它們。選B。can’t表示“不能”。A項表將來；C項意為“不必”；101[考例5]We_____haveprovedgreatadventurers,butwehavedonethegreatestmarchevermadeinthepasttenyears.(天津2006)A.needn’t B.maynotC.shouldn’t D.mustn’t[考例5]102選Ｂ。句意為：或許我們還沒有證明是偉大的探險者，但我們已經(jīng)取得了在過去的十年里最偉大的進(jìn)展。maynothavedonesth.或許還沒做過某事；needn’thavedonesth.本沒有必要做但做了某事；shouldn’thavedonesth.本不應(yīng)該做但做了某事。選Ｂ。句意為：或許我們還沒有證明是偉大的探險者，但我們已經(jīng)取103[考例6]I’msureyou’drathershewenttoschoolbybus,_____?(福建2006)A.hadn’tyouB.wouldn’tyouC.aren’tI D.didn’tshe[考例6]104選B。在反意疑問句中，如果主句的謂語動詞是think,suppose,believe,imagine,besure等，且主語為第一人稱時，反意疑問句要與后面的賓語從句一致。選B。在反意疑問句中，如果主句的謂語動詞是think,su1052.Therearemanyothernegativeexpressions.Somecommononesarehardly,farfrom,seldom,unless,freefrom,andwouldrather...than.(P8)2.Therearemanyothernegati106[考例]Neverinmywildestdreams_____thesepeoplearelivinginsuchpoorconditions.(安徽2006)IcouldimagineB.couldIimagineC.Icouldn’timagineD.couldn’tIimagine[考例]107選B。表示否定意義的詞或短語，如never,hardly,seldom,little,few,bynomeans