C2E增詞法和減詞法

Unit3增詞法和減詞法AmplificationandOmission1教學(xué)目的要求：在漢譯英中能熟練使用增詞法和減詞法的翻譯技巧。教學(xué)重點：增詞法和減詞法（代詞和連詞）教學(xué)難點：漢語排比句的翻譯，使用減詞法。2

一、為了保證語法結(jié)構(gòu)的完整：代詞：漢語中有許多沒有主語的句子，英語則一般需要主語。另外漢語中很多名詞前都沒有代詞，需要增補。

1．大作收到，十分高興。Iamverygladtohavereceivedyourwriting.2．沒有調(diào)查就沒有發(fā)言權(quán)。Hewhomakesnoinvestigationandstudyhasnorighttospeak.

3．把這些故事看完以后，用你自己的話講一遍。Afteryouhavereadthesestories,telltheminyourownwords.

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我們響應(yīng)了祖國的號召。Werespondedtothecallofourmotherland.5．她用手蒙住臉，好象是為了保護眼睛。Shecoveredherfacewithherhands,asiftoprotecthereyes.

6.孩子們天天帶午飯到學(xué)校去吃。Thechildrentaketheirlunchtoschooleveryday.

7．

我們的心永遠向著祖國。Ourheartsarealwaystowardsourmotherland.4連詞：漢語重意合，英語重形合，把漢語翻譯成英語時，要適當(dāng)增加連詞。1.虛心使人進步，驕傲使人落后。Modestyhelpsonetogoforward,whereasconceitmakesonelagbehind.2．留得青山在，不怕沒柴燒。Solongasgreenhillsremain,therewillneverbeashortageoffirewood.53．村里的男女老少都喜歡那個小超市買東西。Menandwomen,oldandyounginthevillage,alllikedshoppinginthatsmallsupermarket.4．我媽媽來了，我得回去了。Mymotherhasarrived,soIhavetoleavenow.5．送君千里，終有一別。Althoughyoumayescortaguestathousandmiles,yetmustthepartingcomeatlast.6介詞：英語中的介詞比漢語中活躍得多。1．我們應(yīng)該逐步消滅城鄉(xiāng)差別。Weshouldtrytoeliminatethedifferencesbetweentownandcountry.2．

你白天還是晚上飛廣州？DoyouflytoGuangzhouinthedaytimeoratnight?3．

那我們山腳見吧。Let’smeetatthefootofthehill.7冠詞：1．她不把他當(dāng)阿公，而當(dāng)作親爹。Sheconsideredhimnotafather-in-lawbutafather.2．我們對問題要作全面的分析，才能解決得妥當(dāng)。Wemustmakeacomprehensiveanalysisofproblembeforeitcanbeproperlysolved.8二、為了保證譯文意思更加明確。文中暗含的意思：1．大家都知道朝鮮戰(zhàn)場是艱苦些。EveryoneknowsthatlifeontheKoreanbattlefieldwasratherhard.2．要提倡顧全大局。Weshouldadvocatethespiritoftakingthewholesituationintoconsideration.9添加注釋性的詞語：

1．班門弄斧Showoffone’sproficiencywiththeaxebeforeLuban,themastercarpenter.Showoffone’sskillswiththeaxebeforeanexpertcarpenter.2．三個臭皮匠，合成一個諸葛亮。ThreecobblerswiththeirwitscombinedequalZhugeLiangthemastermind.103.這對年輕夫婦并不相配，一個是西施，一個是張飛。

Thisyoungcoupleisnotwell-matched,oneisaXishi,--afamousChinesebeauty,whiletheotherisaZhangfei—awell-knownill-temperedbrute.4.濫竽充數(shù)：pretendtoplaytheyu(anancientmusicalinstrument)andretainone’spositionintheorchestra///(ofincompetentpeopleorinferiorgoods)betherejusttomakeupthenumber11增加概括性的詞語

1.結(jié)婚大辦酒席，實在可以免去了。Thepracticeofgivinglavishfeastsatweddingscanwellbedispensedwith.2.也許您忘記了７月份的購貨帳還沒有結(jié)算。PerhapsyouhaveoverlookedthefactthatyouraccountforJulypurchaseshasnotyetbeensettled.12Omission一、重復(fù)出現(xiàn)某詞（排比句中）1．俘虜望望沈明，又望望其他的人，沒有說下去。LookingatShenMing,thenattheothers,theprisonerofwarfellsilent.TheprisonerofwarlookedatShenmingandthentheothers.Hedidnotkeepontalking.132．我們必須堅持社會主義道路，堅持人民民主專政，堅持共產(chǎn)黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，堅持馬列主義和毛澤東思想。Wemustadheretothesocialistroad,thepeople’sdemocraticdictatorship,theCommunistParty’sleadershipandMarxism-LeninismandMaoZedongThought.3.質(zhì)子帶正電，電子帶負電，而中子既不帶正電，也不帶負電。Aprotonhasapositivechargeandanelectronanegativecharge,butaneutronhasneither.144.郭末若同志曾說：“中國人民歷來是勇于探索、勇于創(chuàng)造、勇于革命的?！盋omradeGuoMoruooncesaid,“ThepeopleofChinahavealwaysbeencourageousenoughtoprobeintothings,tomakeinventionsandtomakerevolution.”ComradeGuoMoruooncesaid,“ThepeopleofChinahavealwaysbeencourageousinexploration,innovationandrevolution.”15二、原文中表示范疇的詞：

1.基于伊拉克目前社會動蕩和紛擾不安的局面，中國駐伊拉克大使館已經(jīng)向德國訂購了兩輛防彈轎車。TheChineseembassyinIraqhasorderedtwobulletproofcarsfromGermanyduetothesocialunrestandupheavalinIraqatpresent.2.在黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，中國人民已經(jīng)完成了解放事業(yè)。UndertheleadershipoftheParty,theChinesepeoplehavesucceededintheirliberation.161.

我們必須培養(yǎng)分析問題，解決問題的能力。Wemustcultivatetheabilitytoanalyseandsolvetheproblems.2.

多年來那個國家一直有嚴重的失業(yè)現(xiàn)象。Formanyyears,therehasbeenseriousunemploymentinthatcountry.3.

他們是親密無間的朋友。Theyareclose/bosom/intimatefriends.4.

這些新型汽車速度快，效率高，行動靈活。Thenewcarsarefast,efficientandhandy.17

5.

前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。Whiletheprospectsarebright,theroadhastwistsandturns.6.

理論聯(lián)系實際，這是我們應(yīng)當(dāng)牢記的一條原則。Thatthetheorymus