《計算機專業(yè)英語》Unit 7 An Overview of Computer Software

Unit7AnOverviewofComputerSoftwareContentsLearningObjectives1Words&Expressions2Text3Exercises4Afteryouhavereadthisunit,youshouldbefamiliarwith:1.Whatiscomputersoftware?2.Thecategoriesofapplicationsoftware

Learning

Objectivesapplicationn.請求,申請,申請表,應用,運用,施用,敷用softwarn.應用,應用程序,應用軟件軟件performvt.履行,執(zhí)行,表演,演出v.完成任務installvt.安裝,安置,使就職instructionprogramn.n.vt.vi.指示,用法說明(書),教育,指導,指令節(jié)目,程序,綱要,計劃規(guī)劃,擬...計劃,安排...入節(jié)目安排節(jié)目,編程序,(電腦)程序,(電視)節(jié)目programmercommandn.n.v.程序師,程序規(guī)劃員命令,掌握,司令部命令,指揮,克制,支配,博得,俯臨Words&Expressionssourcecoden.n.v.來源,水源,消息來源,原始資料,發(fā)起者,源,源極代碼,代號,密碼,編碼編碼compilertransformresultexecutableformatvideoDVDn.vt.vin.n.vi.adj.n.vt.n.abbr.編輯者,[計]編譯器轉換,改變,改造,使...變形改變,轉化,變換[數]變換(式),[語]轉換結果,成效,計算結果起因,由于,以...為結果,導致實行的,執(zhí)行的開本,版式,形式,格式安排...的格局(或規(guī)格),[計]格式化(磁盤)電視,錄象,視頻數字化視頻光盤Words&ExpressionsWords&Expressionsspreadsheetgraphicenterpriseserverclientblogaddressdigitalbrowsersimulationn.adj.n.n.n.n.vt.adj.n.n.[計]電子制表軟件,電子數據表繪畫似的,圖解的企業(yè),事業(yè),計劃,事業(yè)心,進取心,干事業(yè)服務器[計]顧客,客戶,委托人博客，是Weblog的簡稱。

地址,致辭,演講,說話的技巧向...致辭,演說,寫姓名地址,從事,忙于數字的,數位的,手指的數字,數字式瀏覽器（Browser）就是指在我們使用的電腦上安裝的，用來顯示指定文件的程序.仿真,假裝,模擬CADCAEabbr.abbr.計算機輔助設計(ComputerAidedDesign)[計]ComputerAidedEngineering計算機輔助工程

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Computerhardwareisthecollectionofphysicalcomponentsthatmakeupacomputer,forexample,ascreen,aCPU,mouse,keyboard,etc.Computersoftwarecan’tbetouched.Itisthesetofjobdescriptionsthatacomputercanperform.Computersoftencomewithsoftwarealreadyinstalledandreadytowork,otherwiseitcanbeboughtinaboxcontainingasetofCDs(thesoftwareisontheCDs)ordownloadedfromtheinternet.

Animportantpointtounderstandaboutsoftwareandcomputersisthatacomputerwon'tdoajobuntilit’stoldwhichonetodo.Acomputerprogramisthesetofinstructionsthattellthecomputerhowtodothejob.TextComputersoftwareismostcommonlycreatedbycomputerprogrammersusingaprogramminglanguage.Theprogrammerwritescommandsintheprogramminglanguagethataresimilartowhatsomeonemightuseineverydayspeech.Thesecommandsarecalledsourcecode.Anothercomputerprogramcalledacompileristhenusedonthesourcecode,transformingthecommandsintoalanguagethatthecomputercanunderstand.Theresultisanexecutablecomputerprogram,whichisanothernameforsoftware.Computersoftwarefallsintotwoprimarycategories:systemsoftwareandapplicationsoftware.Someexpertsalsoincludeathirdcategory,programmingsoftware,thoughothersputthoseprogramsintooneoftheotherpreviouslymentionedcategories.TextTheoperatingsystemoro/sisthesetofverybasicjobscomputersdosuchasshowingmousemovementonascreenwhenaphysicalmouseismovedbyacomputeruser.Examplesofoperatingsystemsinclude:WindowsVista,WindowsXP,MacOSX,LinuxandUNIX.Applicationsoftwareorjust'application'is,formostpeople,wherethefunstarts.Anapplicationisthesoftwareboughttodocommonjobssuchasplayagame,allowpeopletospeakToeachother,recordmusicandchangeittonewformats,viewvideos,playDVDs,scanbooksorlistentomusic–thelistisendless.

Commonapplicationsincludethesoftwarewhichallowsaccesstotheinternetandviewingwebsites(aninternetbrowsersuchasFirefoxorInternetExplorer).TextOtherexampleapplicationsinclude,wordprocessorstoproduceandprintdocuments,spreadsheetstomanageaccountsandfinances,orsoftwaretoproduceandprintpictures.

ApplicationsoftwareclassificationTherearemanytypesofapplicationsoftware:Anapplicationsuiteconsistsofmultipleapplicationsbundledtogether.Theyusuallyhaverelatedfunctions,featuresanduserinterfaces,andmaybeabletointeractwitheachother,e.g.openeachother'sfiles.Businessapplicationsoftencomeinsuites,e.g.MicrosoftOffice,OpenO,andiWork,whichbundletogetherawordprocessor,aspreadsheet,etc.;butsuitesexistforotherpurposes,e.g.graphicsormusic.TextEnterprisesoftwareaddressestheneedsoforganizationprocessesanddataflow,ofteninalargedistributedenvironment.(ExamplesincludeFinancial,CustomerRelationshipManagement,andSupplyChainManagement).EnterpriseinfrastructuresoftwareprovidescommoncapabilitiesneededtosupportEnterpriseSoftwaresystems.(ExamplesincludeDatabases,Emailservers,andNetworkandSecurityManagement)

Informationworkersoftwareaddressestheneedsofindividualstocreateandmanageinformation,oftenforindividualprojectswithinadepartment,incontrasttoenterprisemanagement.Examplesincludetimemanagement,resourcemanagement,documentationtools,analytical,andcollaborative.TextWordprocessors,spreadsheets,emailandblogclients,personalinformationsystem,andindividualmediaeditorsmayaidinmultipleinformationworkertasks.Contentaccesssoftwareissoftwareusedprimarilytoaccesscontentwithoutediting,butmayincludesoftwarethatallowsforcontentediting.Suchsoftwareaddressestheneedsofindividualsandgroupstoconsumedigitalentertainmentandpublisheddigitalcontent.(ExamplesincludeMediaPlayers,WebBrowsers,andGames)

Educationalsoftwareisrelatedtocontentaccesssoftware,buthasthecontentand/orfeaturesadaptedforuseinbyeducatorsorstudents.Forexample,itmaydeliverevaluations(tests),trackprogressthroughmaterial.TextSimulationsoftwareiscomputersoftwareforsimulationofphysicalorabstractsystemsforresearch,trainingorentertainmentpurposes.Mediadevelopmentsoftwareaddressestheneedsofindividualswhogenerateprintandelectronicmediaforotherstoconsume,mostofteninacommercialoreducationalsetting.ThisincludesGraphicArtsoftware,DesktopPublishingsoftware,MultimediaDevelopmentsoftware,HTMLeditors,DigitalAnimationeditors,DigitalAudioandVideocomposition,andmanyothers.

Productengineeringsoftwareisusedindevelopinghardwareandsoftwareproducts.Thisincludescomputeraideddesign(CAD),computeraidedengineering(CAE),computerlanguageeditingandcompilingtools,IntegratedDevelopmentEnvironments,andApplicationProgrammerInterfaces.TextExercises1.Answerthefollowingquestionaccordingtothetext.(1)Whatiscomputersoftware?(2)Howcanyougetcomputersoftware?(3)Whodoeswritecomputersoftware?(4)Howmanykindsofcomputersoftwaredoyouknow?(5)Whichapplicationsoftwarehaveyouused?2.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:(1)sourcecode(6)programmingsoftware(2)DVD(7)MultimediaDevelopmentsoftware(3)CAD(8)DigitalAudioandVideocomposition(4)systemsoftware(9)編譯器(5)applicationsoftware(10)程序師keyExercises(11)指令(12)博客(13)瀏覽器(14)計算機輔助工程(15)服務器(16)客戶keyExercises3.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationgiveninthetext:

(1)Computer

isthecollectionofphysicalcomponentsthatmakeupacomputer,forexample,ascreen,aCPU,laptop,mouse,keyboard,etc.(2)Computer

isthesetofjobdescriptionsthatacomputercanperform.(3)Acomputer

isthesetofinstructionsthattellthecomputerhowtodothejob.(4)Computersoftwareismostcommonlycreatedbyprogrammerusinga

language.(5)The

writescommandsintheprogramminglanguagethataresimilartowhatsomeonemightuseineverydayspeech.keyExercises4.Choosethebestonefromtheitemsgivenbelowtocompletethefollowingpassage.Thecomputeritselfdoesnotdoalltheworkonitsown.Theworkisdonebya(1)__ofthecomputer,calledhardware,and(2)__ofinstructions,calledsoftwareorcomputerprograms.Insidethemachine,theinstructionsare(3)__andcardedouttodotheworkyouwanttodo.Acomputerwithoutsoftwareisnothingmorethanamassofmetalandplastic.Ontheotherhand,softwarewithoutacomputerissimplywasted(4)__becauseonlythecomputercanusethesoftwareandputittowork.Whenyoutalkaboutacomputer'sbeingabletodothisorthat,youarereallyreferringtothe(5)__thatacceptsyourcommandsandthecomputerthatcarriesthemout.Exercises(1)A.memory B.chip C.combination D.wire(2)A.programs B.procedures C.sets D.subroutines(3)A.Composed B.explained C.interpreted D.organized(4)A.disk B.file C.tape D.potential(5)A.editor B.hardware C.keyboard D.softwarekeyExercises5.MarkthefollowingstatementswithT(true)orF(false)accordingtothetext.(1)Applicationsoftwareinclude:windowsvista,windowsxp,macosx,linuxandUNIX.(2)Theoperatingsystemisthesoftwareboughttodocommonjobssuchasplayagame,allowpeopletospeaktoeachother,recordmusic.(3)EnterpriseinfrastructuresoftwareprovidescommoncapabilitiesneededtosupportEnterpriseSoftwaresystems.(4)Educationalsoftwaremaydeliverevaluations(tests),trackprogressthroughmateria.(5)CADisakindofProductengineeringsoftware.keyExercises6.Selecttheoneanswertoeachquestion.(1)Thecomputerisconsistsofhardwareand

.A.software B.instructionC.programmer D.user(2)WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTbelongtoapplicationsoftware?

A.wordprocessor B.electronicspreadsheetC.graphicprogram D.Backupprogram(3)Whereistheapplicationsoftwarestoredon?

A.RAM B.harddisk C.ROM D.bufferExercises(4)Whichofthefollowingisthemostfundamentalconceptofcomputersoftware?

A.wordprocessor B.spreadsheetC.applicationsoftwareD.systemsoftware(5)

providessupportforapplicationsoftwareA.User B.MotherboardC.Memory D.Systemsoftware(6)Whenstartedbyusers,applicationsoftwareisloadedintothe()

ofacomputer.A.RAM B.monitorC.screen D.harddiskkeyExercises7.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.(1)Computerhardwareisthecollectionofphysicalcomponentsthatmakeupacomputer,forexample,ascreen,aCPU,laptop,mouse,keyboard,etc.Computersoftwarecan’tbetouched.Itisthesetofjobdescriptionsthatacomputercanperform.(2)Computersoftwareismostcommonlycreatedbycomputerprogrammersusingaprogramminglanguage.Theprogrammerwritescommandsintheprogramminglanguagethataresimilartowhatsomeonemightuseineverydayspeech.Thesecommandsarecalledsourcecode.Anothercomputerprogramcalledacompileristhenusedo