新sat語法-詞法練習(xí)

RevisingAmajorityofthestudentswhoattendedthejobfairexpressedinterestiningadoctororlawyer.Interestedinstudyinginsectsandtheireffectsonagriculture,LarissaandTariqplanto eanentomologistandthenreturntohelpthefarmersintheirsmalltown.Peoplewhowishtobeamodelshouldrememberthatnotallmodelingisglamorousandthatagreatdealofitissimplytiring.MuchofthesuccessofFrankCapraandGeorgeStevensasadirectorofmotionpicturescanbeattributedtothetechnicalworkoftalentedfilmAbigvegetablesaladisgenerallymorenutritiousthow-fatpastadish,butcithermealwouldbegoodchoicesforthehealth-consciouseater.Thepeoplesittingbehindmeinthemovietheaterweretalkingthroughoutthefilmandwouldnotkeeptheirvoicedownevenafterbeingaskedtodoso.Asignificantfactortoincludeinthebudgetwhenbuyingacararethecostsoffuelandmaintenanceandtheinsurancepayments.Manyofthesenator'sspeeches,whichwereenthusiasticallyreceivedbythelargecrowdsthatcametoseehim,addressedanimportanttopic,includinghealthcareandglobalwarming.AsthearchbishopofCanterbury,ThomasàBecketassumedanindependencethatwasintolerabletotheking,whohadlongbeenhisfriend.SuiSinFarandEdithEatonarebothanameusedbyanearlytwentieth-centurywriterwhosepsychologicalrealismcontinuestobringhercharacterstolifefortoday'sreaders.Pronounsrenameortaketheplaceofnounsornounphrases.Thenounthatapronounreplacesiscalledantecedent.Pronoun-antecedentPronouncaseandShifts andPronoun-antecedentPronounsandtheirantecedentsmustagreein (first,second,orthird),number(singularorplural),andgender(neuter,feminine,ormasculine).Theantecedentusuallyappearsbeforethepronounbutsometimesfollowsit.MatchingpronounswithindefinitepronounandgenericnounSingularindefinitepronounorgenericnounApronounwithasingularindefinitepronounorgenericnounantecedentshouldbesingular.Donotletthepluralsenseoftheantecedentdistractyou.Singularindefinitepronouns–suchaseach,everybody,andeveryone–aresingulareventhoughtheyrefertogroups.GenericTheantecedentisthesingulargenericnoundog,sothepronounshouldbesingulartoo.GENDER–BIASEDWhentheindefiniteantecedentreferstobothmenandwomen,thereisaproblem.Correctagreementrequiresasingularpronoun,butusingheasasubstituteforeitheramanorwomanresultsingenderbias.Writersoftentrytoavoidthis withagender-neutralpluralpronounsuchasthey,resultinginfaultypronoun-antecedentagreement.PluralorviableindefinitepronounSomeindefinitepronouns(suchasboth,few,many,others,andseveral)arealwaysplural.Others(suchasall,any,more,most,some)aresingularorpluraldependingonthecontext.MatchingpronounswithcollectivenounCollectivenouns(audience,chorus,committee,faculty,family, aresingularwhentheyrefertoagroupactingasawhole.CollectivenounsCollectivenounsarepluralwhentheyrefertothemembersofactingindividually.MatchingpronounswithcompoundCompoundantecedentsjoinedbyandareusuallypluralandtakeapluralPronounswithcompoundantecedentsjoinedbyor,nor,either…or,orneither…noragreewiththenearestantecedent.Toavoidawkwardnesswhenoneoftheantecedentsispluralandtheothersingular,putthepluralantecedentsecond.PronouncaseandPronounKeetrackofcaseinPronounsthatarepartofcompoundsubjectsshouldbeinthesubjectivePronounsthatarepartofcompoundobjectsshouldbeintheobjectivePronounsthatarepartofcompoundpossessivesshouldbeinthepossessivecase.DecidingbetweenWeandUsbeforeInexpressionsthatcombineweoruswithanoun,usewewithnounsthatfunctionassubjectsanduswithnounsthatfunctionasobjects.Decidingonpronouncasewiththe–ingformofaInmostcases,usethepossessiveformofanounorpronounwithagerund(-ingformofaverbusedasanoun).ClarifypronouncaseincomparisonswiththanorIncomparisonswiththanoras,thechoiceofpronouncasecansometimesresultintwootherwiseidenticalsentenceswithsignificantlydifferentPronounPronounreferenceinvolvestheclarityoftherelationshipbetweenapronounanditsantecedent.Withclearpronounreference,readerscaneasilyidentifytheantecedentofapronoun.AvoidingambiguousThereferenceofapronounisambiguouswhenithastwoormoreequallyplausibleantecedents.Onewaytoresolveambiguousreferenceistoreplacethepronounwiththeappropriatenoun.Toavoidrepeatingthenoun,rephrasethesentenceinawaythateliminatestheambiguity.Avoidingconfusinglybroadreferencewithit,this,that,andWhenpronounssuchasit,this,that,andwhichreferbroadlytoanentireclause,sentence,orseriesofsentences,readersmaybeuncertainaboutwhatspecificinformationthepronounscover.AvoidingtheindefiniteuseoftheyandInformalwriting,thepronounstheyanditneedspecificAvoidusingthesepronounstorefertounspecifiedpeopleorDesignatingpeoplewithwho,whom,andwhose,notthatandWhenyouarespeaking,youareaslikelytousethatasyouaretousewhoorwhomtorefertopeople.Informalwriting,however,youshouldusuallyuseonlywhoandwhomtorefertopeople.UsethatandwhichforanimalsandForpetsandothernamedanimals,however,whoorwhomisoftenmoreappropriatethanthatorwhich.Thepossessivepronounwhoseisalsobest forpeoplebutcanapplytoanimalsandthingswhenavoidingitrequirestheawkwarduseofthephraseofwhich.Practice–PartSteventoldJasonthathewasgoingtobeBerttoldRobhehadreceivedanAintheMillieandTanyaweregoingtogotoLasVegas,buthercarStacyandMyrahavealreadyleftfortheshow,butsheforgotherJamestalkedwithBillbecausehedidnotknowanyoneelseattheTheteacherstoldtheschoolboardmembersthattheyneededmorepreparationtime.Abucketandanoarlayintheboat.AsRachelreachedforit,theboatbegantomoveforward.TheyfilledtheparkinglotonTheysentourgrades oftheTheytoldmemyloanapplicationneedsaTheysaythatafoolandhismoneyaresoonItpointedoutthat“everycloudhasasilverItsaysthatweareallrequiredtobeattheJimmyforgottheanswertoquestions1to10,butheremembereditthenextday.Accordingtothisannouncement,itsaysweneedtoarrivenolaterthan2:00p.m.Inarecentpoliticalpoll,itshowsthatmostpeopleconsiderthemselvesPractice–PartNeitherMs.PereznorMs.TanakabelievesthatwatchingasevisionashersonSamdoeswillleadtoanythingproductive.Theofficemanagerandhercoworker,Ms.Andrews,receivedequalpayfromthecompanyuntilshegotaraiseforheltoincreaseproductivity.ThoughRivershaddoneallthework,Petershadtakenallthecredit,andsoheheldhimincontempt.[0705Sun0527]WhenSheilaandLucyvisitedtherestaurant,shenoticedthatthe changedandthattheirfavoritedishwasnolongeroffered.[OG011004MayorJuliaWilson’sdaughtertoldusthatshehaddecidednottorunforreelection,eventhoughthereisstillmuchtodotoimprovethedowntowndistrict.[OG091011adapted]Karen,James,andSamwerehikingwhenhefelldownasteepembankmentafterstumblin erarock.[OG1st010703adapted]JohnandBobhadbeenfriendssincekindergartenbecausehewasgoodatsoccerandreadytolaughatanyjoke.[10100511adapted]Aftercarefullystudyingbothofthearticles,Dr.RodriguezandNurseAlbafoundthattheonlydifferencebetweenthemwasthatoftheirtitles.[OC040511adapted]Crabslivinginpollutedwaterswillcomeincontactwithlargenumbersofdisease-causingmicroorganismsbecausetheyfeedbyfilteringnutrientsfrom [OG050620adapted]Inhisnovels,Thackeraydisplayedhisconsciousnessoftheworldabouthim,asdidDickens,buthesawtheworldfromanentirelydifferentvantagepoint.[0705Sun1008adapted]Thelibraryisolderthanthecourthouse,butitisjustasbeautifulasit.[06010301adapted]Ignoranceisnotequivalenttostupiditybecauseitcanbecorrectedandtheothercannot.[OG041003adapted]Thereasonthemammalisthedominantlifeforminsuchawiderangeofhabitatsisitsabilitytomaintainasteadyinternalbodytemperatureinpracticallyanyenvironment.[10100520]Despiteresearchonthediagnosisofheartdiseaseandtheuseofincreasinglysophisticatedtechnologyinitstreatment,theconditionofcoronaryarteriesisstilldifficulttoassessprecisely.[08010721]Amongthediscoveriesmadepossiblebytheinventionofthe theyfoundthatdarkspotsexistedontheSuninvaryingnumbers.[05030413]InorderfortheaudiencetobelieveinandbeengagedbyaShakespeareancharacter,theyhavetocomeacrossasareal onthestage.[05100625]Oneresultofthefiredepartment’snewcontractisthattheycannolongerofferovertimepayonweekends.[OG071005]Rogerhadjustwalkedintohisoffice,andthentheytoldhimthathisplanhadfinallybeenapproved.[OG1st010701]Servingaseitherbusinesstoolsorrecreationaldevices,theyareincreasinglypopular.[OG081012adapted]Almostallanimalsthathibernateprepareforitduringsummerbyeatinglargeamountsoffood,whichtheyconverttothicklayersoffat.[OC050624]Anillustratorandpainter,NormanRockwellwasabletomakealivingatit.[OG030611adapted]PrincetonUniversityofficialsfirstbrokewithatraditionofawardinghonorarydegreesonlytomenwhentheyawardedittoauthorWillaCather.Pilotsattheairline,angeredattheprospectofseeingtheirpensionplansreplacedwithlessgenerousversions,vowedtouselegalmeanstofightit.ProfessorChenrepeatedherpointthatthehero,ifgiventhechancetorelivethemoment,wouldchooseto t.[OG080426]Nancyisabetterskierthantherestofusbecauseshehasbeen ngitsinceshearrivedinColoradoatagefive.[0705Sun1002]Manycollegesareadoptingwork-studyprograms;thisofferspracticaladvantagestoboththestudentsandtheinstitutions.[OG100508adapted]NaomiandCharleswillrepresentAmmontonHighinthedebatingcontest,fortheirworkinthishasbeenexcellentthisyear.[OG050606]Inmanystates,theyhavelawstoallowstudentstovotewherevertheychoose,eitherathomeorattheircollegeresidences.[OG100304]Withfemales,theywerenotallowedtocompeteintheOlympicgamesofancientGreece;theywerenotevenallowedtowatchthem.[OC050604Inthearticle,itfocusedonthepotentialhealthbenefitsofchocolate.Giantstars,orthosethatweigh100timeswhattheSunweighs,areimportanttogalaxiesandtheuniversebecausewithfuriouscombustion,itproducesmanyimportan ementsthatformplanetsandotherbodies,includingcarbon,oxygen,sodium,andneon.[OC050606]Shifts andreferstotheidentityofthesubjectofasentenceandthepointofviewofthewriter.Inthefirst (I,we),thewriterandsubjectarethesame.Inthesecond (you),thereaderandsubjectarethesame.Inthe (he,she,it,they,MarieCurie,electrons),thesubjectisthewriter’stopicofdiscussion,whatthewriterisinformingthereaderabout.Numberreferstothety(singularorplural)ofanounorpronoun.ShiftsManysituationsrequireashiftin .Youmightbelingastoryinthefirst ,forexample,butyouwillalmostcertainlyhavetorelatesomepartspartsofitinthe.Arbitraryshiftsin ,incontrast,aredistractingtoreaders.Thewriterofthefollowingpassage,forexample,beganinthefirst shiftedjarringlytothesecond .Therevisionestablishesaconsistent pointofview.Mostacademicwritingisinthethird .Thesecond includingcommands,isbest foraddressingreadersdirectly,lingthemhowtodosomethingorgivingthemadvice.Beconsistent,however,andavoidshiftingarbitrarilybetweensecondandthird ShiftsinMostinappropriateshiftsinnumberareerrorsinagreementbetweenapronounanditsantecedentandareoftentheresultofawriter’sdesiretoavoidgenderbias.Thesekindsoferrorsarisemostcommonlywhentheantecedentisasingulargenericnounorindefinitepronoun.Severaloptionsareavailableforrevisingsuchshifts.Oneistousethepluralthroughout.Anotheristoreplacethepluralpronounwithheorshe(althoughthisexpression estediouswhenoverused).Athirdistorephrasethesentencetoavoidtheproblementirely.Practice–PartI lyourselftothinkbeforePatientsoftenexpecttheirdoctorstohavealltheanswers,butyoushouldrealizedoctorsarenotmiracleworkers.If doesn’tstudy,youwillnotdowellinThestudentsdecidedtothenewrules,soyouwillwalkoutofclassatnoon.Abodycanonlytakeonsomuchbeforeyousufferfrom shouldbeleftaloneoccasionallybecauseyouhavearighttoyourOnec waysfinduniquemerchandiseatthemoreexclusivestores,butyouhavetobewillingtopaytheprice.Youtrytobenicetostrangersbecauseweneverknowwhenwemightneedhelp. shouldalwayslookbothwaysbeforecrossingthestreet;otherwise,youmightgethitbyacar. shouldmanagetimewiselysinceyouonlyhave24hoursinaOneshouldstudyforthetestifyouwanttopassPractice–PartAlthoughonelikestobelievethatyourownchildrenarebeautiful, ligent,andwellbehaved,whatonebelievesisnotalwaysthecase.Asastudent esfamiliarwithbothearlyandcontemporaryNativeAmericanliterature,onemaynoticethattraditionalstorieshaveinfluencedrecentones.[OG070425]Forpeopleinmanyancientsocieties,workwasonlyameansofsurvivalratherthanawaytoimproveyourstandardofliving.[OG080419] eaworldfigure-skatingchampionlikeKristiYamaguchi,onemustbesodedicatedthatyouwillpracticesixhoursaday.[OG1stBecausetheymustcompetewithalargechainofsuper-storesthatcanaffordtochargeverylowratesforcertainitems,theownersofsmallhardwarestoresknowthatyouareunlikelytomakemuchprofitandmay,infact,gobankrupt.[OC010717]Whenoneissearchingthecustomsofacommunity,youmustlearnaboutitshistoryandobserveitspeoplegoingabouttheirordinaryactivities.AswerelymoreandmoreontheInternet,yourneedforeffectivesecurityplanninganddesigntosafeguarddatahasincreased.[OC060520]Theabilitytocontroltheplotsofourdreamsisaskill,researchershaveshown,thatwecanlearnifyouwanttochangerecurrentdreams.[OC060523]Tounderstandtwentieth-centuryeconomicpractices,wemustbesufficientlyfamiliarwithKeynesiantheories,whetheroneagreeswiththemornot.[OC060529]AstheguideledusthroughtheexhibitofancientRussianicons,sheinterspersedexplanationsoftheobjectswithstoriesaboutherownfirstencounterswithRussianart,givingyouaunique aldimensiontothetour.[07100520]Oneoftencomesuponpassagesinlettersthatyoufindmemorablefortheirthoughtortheirform,orboth.[OG081003adapted]WhensomeoneshopsbymailorthroughtheInternet,youallowatraditionbegunbytheAmericancolonists,whopurchasedalmosteverythingfromEurope.[OG091009adapted]Zookeepershaveexpandedone’sdefinitionofcaretoincludeconcerntheanimal’smentalstateaswellasforitsphysicalwell-being.Psychologistsadvisethatbeforemakinganymajorchangesin yourlife, needstofocusonone’stheirlife, needstofocusontheirtheirlives,focusontheone’slife,youshouldfocusonyourtheirlives,peopleshouldfocusontheirNutritionistssuggestthatbeforedecidingtodrasticallychange yourdiet, shouldconsultone’syourdiet,youshouldconsultyourone’sdiet,youshouldconsultyourtheirdiet,peopleshouldconsulthisorhertheirdiet,consultaPractice–PartMarciaandMegancalledallherfriendsabouttheThepitcherandteamcaptainbrokeherAninfantrecognizestheirparentswithinthefirstfewweeksofLonnieandJackshouldputhisideastogetherandcomeupwithaplanofAnemployeetakinganunpaidleaveofabsencemaychoosetomaketheirownhealth-insurancepayment.Theamountoftimeastudentspendsresearchingatopicdepends,inpart,ontheirfamiliaritywiththetopic.EachgasstationintownraisedtheirpricesinthepastNoonecouldremembertheirstudentWhensomeoneexercises,theyshoulddrinkplentyofManyoftheclubmembersdonotpayhisduesonJamesorhisparentssailtheboateveryEachofthechildrenneedstheirpermissionslipNoneofthefanscouldkeeptheirvoicesPractice–PartAnyonecanget (hisorher/their)highschoolNeitherofthedoctorscoulddiagnose (hisorher/their)NoneofthecarsEachofthegirlsneedsto

(its/their)tireschanged.(her/their)haircut.Nooneshouldharm (hisorher/their)Mostofthestoriesneed (its/their)titlesEveryoneshouldlistenmorecloselyto laandFabianasked questionsatthesameSomeonewhocoulddoathinglikethatshouldhave Somethinginthecarleakedall fluidsontothePractice–PartSomeonelefthislightsoninhisAjudgemustputasideherAskafiremanifhethinksthewiringis mandeliveredmyneighbor’smailtomyhousebyAsecretarycannotrevealher The shouldkeephisboardinformedofnewAnursegiveshertimeandpatience isresponsibleiftheymissanAtleastoneinstructorforgotherAplumberusuallyleavessomethingofhisEverybodymustbringfoodiftheyplantoAgoodsailorknowshis musthaveleftherbooksinAparentneedstopickupherchildfromEveryonelovestolaughuntiltheystartPractice–PartAtechnician efrustratedwith Ahairdresserwhoattractscelebritycustomerscanname Anaccountneedshelpwith Somebodywrote phonenumberontheAnotherchildhasforgotten AgoodsecretarykeepsherdictionarywithineasyAsurfercanlosehisThepoliticianwhocaresabouthispeoplewillwinthePractice–Part TRUEORFALSE:[10051011AllofthesecatshaveakinkintheirAllofthesecatshaveakinkinitsAllofthesecatshavekinksinitsAllofthesecatshaveakinkintheirAllofthesecatshavekinksintheirEachofthesecatshasakinkinitsEachofthesecatshasakinkintheirEachofthesecatshavekinksintheirEachofthesecatshasakinkintheirEachofthesecatshavekinksinitPractice–PartPassage(1)Childrencanlearnatanearlyagehowtomanage(their/his)(2)Whenkidslearntobudgetandsavemoney,theyusuallymanage(it/them)betterasadults.(3)Someparentsgive(her/their)childrenaweeklyallowancetospendandsave.(4)Afamilycandiscuss(its/their)budgetplanandsavingsgoalstogether.(5)Teenscanevenlearnaboutthestockmarket,iftheyhaveearnedmoneytoinvestin(it/them).Passage(1)Everybodyshouldhaveanopportunitytoparticipateinaparentingclassbeforetheyhavechildren.(2)Thiskindofclassisagreatwayforanybodytolearnthebasicskillstheywillneedtocareforanewbaby.(3)Atatypicalclass,oneoftheexperiencedparentssharestheirknowledgeandofferstipstoexpectantparents.(4)Fewofthepeopleintheseclasseshaveevercaredforababy,sotheadvicereassureshimorher.(5)Whentheclassesareover,allofthemothers-andfathers-to-befeelpreparedforthedaywhenhisorherbundlesofjoyfinallyarrive.Passage(1)WithAmerica’sincreasingthirstforenergy,manypeopleseehybridcarsasthebestchancefortheUnitedStatestoreducetheirdependenceon l.(2)Hybridcarsdifferfromanyotherkindofvehiclesontheroadtodaybecauseofitsfuelsystem.(3)Hybridvehiclesrelyonacombinationofasmallergasolineengineandconstantlyrechargingbatterysystem.(4)Asaresult,hybridsstillhaveplentyofhorsepower,butitenjoysageofupto60mph.(5)SalesmenforautogiantsToyota,Honda,andFordalreadyhavehybridvehiclestopitchtotheircustomers,withothermanufacturerstofollow.(6)Rightnow,however,everybodydoesn’tautomaticallythinkofhybridswhentheyarebuyinganewcar,sopurchasesofhybridsrepresentonlyafractionoftotalsales.(7)Onereasonforthatlowsalesfiguresisthathybridmodelscostthousandsmorethantraditionalgasengineversionsofthesamevehicle.(8)Inaddition,manyconsumersdon’tnecessarilyunderstandthetechnologybehindhybrids,soheorsheisunsureofhowthesevehicleswillperformontheroad.(9)Furthermore,someautomanufacturershaveyettocommittohybridvehicles,limitingitsproductionandadvertising.(10)IftheUnitedStatesisevergoingtobreakit’sdependenceonforeignoil,automakersmustputhybridsinAmerica’sfastPassage(1)TheplanetMars,whichareoneofourclosestneighborsinthesolarsystem,remainsanenticingenigma.(2)ResearchershaveregularlyfocusedattentiononMars,raisingmanyquestionsabouttheseplanet.(3)PerhapsthemostpersistentquestionaboutMarsconcernsthepossibilityoflifeofsomekindthere.(4)SomeofthescientistswhoisstudyingtheRedPlanetbelievethatitwasoncequitedifferentfromwhatitistoday.(5)Accordingtothey,MarswasatonetimeawarmplanetlikeEarth,withwaterandanatmosphere.(6)Afterall,photographsofMarsshowenormouscanyons,anditalsorevealsareasthatappeartobedrieduplakesorriverbeds.(7)Butthisexpertsstillaren’tsurewhathappenedtothewater.(8)Otherresearchersbelievethatsheknowswherethewaterwent.(9)ThesescientistsbelievethatenormousasteroidshitMarsbillionsofyearsago,anditchangedtheplanet’satmosphereandappearance.(10)Theimpactwassoseverethattheycausedhugeamountsofwaterwithintheplanetandasteroidstovaporize.(11)Thecondensedvaporraineddownontheplanet,andtheycarveddeepcrevicesintothesurface.(12)Itwasthisphysicalcharacteristicsthatsomeearlyastronomersmistookasc (13)IntermsofwhatlifemightbefoundonMars,everyoneagreesthattheyaren’texpectingtofindlittlegreenpeople.(14)Instead,somescientiststheorizethatlifemayexistintheformofbacterialorganisms.(15)Itcouldlivinginafrozenmixtureofwater,rock,andsandthattheseresearchersbelieveliesbeneaththesurfaceoftheMars.(16)NASAlaunchedtheMarsExplorationRoversin2003,andtheyhopethisinitiativewillprovidesomeanswersaboutMars.(17)Aftermonthsofspacetravel,thetwinroboticvehicleslandedonoppositesidesofthesurfaceofMarsandbeganageologicalexploration.(18)Theroboticcraftstransmittedextraordinarypanoramicphotos,andithasexaminedthechemicalcompositionofrocks,soil,anddust.(19)Intheirtravels,thisrollinglaboratorieshavecomeacrossbedrock,evidenceoftheexistenceofseassometimeinthepast.(20)Sofar,therovershaven’tdiscoveredanyactualwater,butNASAiselatedbywhattheirprobeshavefoundsofar.Subject-VerbAverbanditssubjecthavetoagree,ormatcheachother,in referstotheformofawordthatindicateswhetheritcorrespondstothespeakerorwriter(I,we),the addressed(you),orthepeopleorthingsspokenorwrittenabout(he,she,it,they).Numberreferstotheformofawordthatindicateswhetheritissingular,referringtoonething(astudent),orplural,referringtomorethanone(twostudents).INTHISInInterveningIndefiniteCollectiveSubjectaftertheSingularorPluralofaSingularnounendedin-Titles,wordsaswordsandgerund1，InterveningIgnoringwordsthatintervenebetweenthesubjectandtheInEnglish,thesubjectofasentenceisusuallyneartheverb.However,whensubjectisfollowedwithinterveningwords,suchasitsidentity,profession,characteristic,texture,andshapeetc.,wordsthatfallbetweenthesubjectandtheverbmaymistakenlybetreatedasthesubject.PayattentiontoAaswellasBAnolessthanBAratherthanBAtogether/alongwithB Verb(singularorplural)AexceptBAbesidesTheprofessoraswellashisstudentshasdonetheexperimentfor2months.Theteacher,togetherwithsomestudents,isvisitingthefactory.JohnSmith,ansuccessfulbusinessman,hasawhiteGermanThemind,sharpbutnotbroad,sticksateverypointbutdoesnotAindicatesthesingularorpluralof2,DistinguishingPluralfromSingularCompoundAcompoundsubjectconsistsoftwoormoresubjectsjoinedbyaand,and,both…Mostcompoundsubjectsjoinedbyandorboth…andareplural. aretwopopularsocialnetworkingwebsites.Seeingandlisteningaretwowaysofacceptingnewinformation.(COMPAREEDWITH:Seeingisbelieving.)Sugarandmilkmakeacupofcoffee(COMPAREEDWITH:Milkisdeliveredtomydoorstepat7o’clockEachpaperandexamcontributestoyourfinalAcompoundsubjectjoinedbyandisalsosingularifitbeginswitheachorHowever,ifitisfollowedbyeachacompoundjoinedbyandisor,or,nor,either…or,neither…Whenacompoundsubjectisjoinedbyor,nor,either…or,neither…nor,theverbagreeswiththepartofthecompoundthatisclosesttotheverb.Neitherthecoachnortheplayerswereworriedbytheotherteam’searlylead.Applyingthisrulecanproduceanawkwardresultwhenthefirstiteminacompoundispluralandthesecondissingular.Reversingtheorderoftenresolvestheproblem.Neithertheplayersnorthecoachishappyaboutteam’sNeitherthecoachnortheplayersarehappyaboutteam’sNeitherCarlanorIamleavinguntilthejobisNeitherCarlanorIwillleaveuntilthejobisCarleandIarenotleavinguntilthejobis3,DistinguishingSingularandPluralIndefiniteIndefinitepronounsrefertounknownorunspecifiedpeople,ties,orthings.Mostindefinitepronouns,likethoseendedwith–body,-thing,-one,alwaystakeasingularverb.Everybodytalksabouttheweather,butnobodydoesanythingaboutTheThesingularandpluralofsomeindefinitepronouns(all,any,more,most,some)aredeterminedbythenounthatfollows.(Samesituationoccurswithfew,little,scarcely,rarely,barely,no,Hardlyanyoneofushas Nottwoofthestudentsareallowedintothisspecial4,UnderstandingCollectiveNounAcollectivenoundesignatesacollection,orgroup,ofindividuals:audience,committee,faculty,family,jury,chorus,orernment.InUSEnglish,acollectivenounissingularwhenitreferstothegroupactingasawhole.Anoisy,unwieldy(A)crowdofonlookerswerejostling(B)andmillingaround(C)atthesceneoftheaccident,impeding(D)theprogressofthemedicaltechnicians.Studying(A)thelanguageandcultureofaforeigncountryishighlymendedto(B)thetouristwhoexpect(C)tolearnfrom(D)hisorvacationPayattentiontothefollowingalistalistofstudentsacollectionoftoysisalineoftreesiscrowdsofvisitorsareTheregularlyscheduled(A)conferencebetweenmytutorandme(B)is(C)setforFriday,butmylowgradesinchemistryrequires(D)metoarrangeanearliermeeting.Noerror(E)Expertsagreethat(A)permanentlymodifyingeatingandexercisehabitsratherthanmerelydieting(B)forbriefperiodsarethekey(C)tocontrolling(D)weight.NoerrorThegroovedandbarbedspearsoftheboxjellyfish,each(A)trailedby(B)apoisonthread,isreleased(C)when(D)theanimalisthreatened.NoerrorWaterwaysclosetolandposes(A)challengestonavigationthatdiffergreatlyfrom(B)those(C)posedbytheopenseas(D).Noerror(E)Horsepsychology,asciencethatinvestigatesthereasonsfor(A)thebehaviorofhorses,help(B)trainersbothmotivatetheircharges(C)andprevent(D)problems.Noerror(E)Althoughthenightshiftisfullystaffed(A),themanagersalwaysholds(B)responsibleforthatshift’s(C)workifit(D)isnotfinishedwhenwearriveinthemorning.Noerror(E)AnneTyler’snovelTheAccidentaiTouristfeatures(A)acharacterwhose(B)obsessionwithsaving(C)timeandmoneyare(D)absurd,yetsomehowplausible.Noerror(E)Thenumberofawardsgiventhisyear(A)tobiochemistsaccentuate(B)thesignificantgains(C)beingmadein(D)thestudyofthechemistryoflivingorganisms.Noerror(E)Studying(A)thelanguageandcultureofaforeigncountryishighlymendedto(B)thetouristwhoexpect(C)to