2000年考研英語(yǔ)真題及解析-d2019中快樂(lè)人獲取及時(shí)

入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)試PartⅠCloseChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(10points)①I(mǎi)fafarmerwishestosucceed,hemusttrytokeepawidegapbetweenhisconsumptionandhisproduction.②Hemuststorealargetyofgrain1consumingallhisgrainimmediay.③Hecancontinuetosupporthimselfandhisfamily2heproducesasurplus.④Hemustusethissurplusinthreeways:asseedforsowing,asaninsurance3theunpredictableeffectsofbadweatherandasacommoditywhichhemustsellinorderto4oldagriculturalimplementsandobtainchemicalfertilizersto5thesoil.⑤Hemayalsoneedmoneytoconstructirrigation6andimprovehisfarminotherways.⑥Ifnosurplusisavailable,afarmercannotbe7.⑦Hemusteithersellsomeofhispropertyor8extrafundsintheformofloans.⑧Naturallyhewilltrytoborrowmoneyatalow9ofinterest,butloansofthiskindare10obtainable.［139otheraswellinstead［D］moreonlymuchlong［D］ever［D］［D］［D］［D］［D］［D］［A］ ［B］ ［C］presumably［D］PartⅡReadingEachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswersmarked［A［B］,［C］and［D］.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.ThenmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(40points)Passage①Ahistoryoflongandeffortlesssuccesscanbeadreadfulhandicap,but,ifproperlyhandled,itmay eadrivingforce.②WhentheUnitedStatesenteredjustsuchaglowingperiodafteroftheSecondWorldWar,ithadamarketeighttimeslargerthananycompetitor,givingitsindustriesunparalleledeconomiesofscale.③Itsscientistsweretheworldsbest;itsworkersthemostskilled.④(11)AmericaandAmericanswereprosperousbeyondthedreamsoftheEuropeansandAsianswhoseeconomiesthewarhaddestroyed.①I(mǎi)twasinevitablethatthisprimacyshouldhavenarrowedasothercountriesgrewricher.②Justasinevitably,theretreatfrompredominanceprovedpainful.③Bythemid-1980sAmericanshadfoundthemselvesatalossovertheirfadingindustrialcompetitiveness.④SomehugeAmericanindustries,suchasconsumerelectronics,hadshrunkorvanishedinthefaceofforeigncompetition.⑤By1987therewasonlyoneAmericanevisionmakerleft,Zenith.⑥(Nowthereisnone:ZenithwasboughtbySouthKorea’sLGElectronicsinJuly.)⑦（12）Foreign-madecarsandtextilesweresweeintothedomesticmarket.America’smachine-toolindustrywasontheropes.⑧Forawhileitlookedasthoughthemakingofsemiconductors,whichAmericahadinventedandwhichsatattheheartofthenewcomputerage,wasgoingtobethenext①Allofthiscausedacrisisofconfidence.②Americansstoppedtakingprosperityforgranted.③Theybegantothattheirwayofngbusinesswasfailing,andthattheir eswouldthereforeshortlybegintofallaswell.④Themid-1980sbroughtoneinquiryafteranotherintothecausesofAmerica’sindustrialdecline.⑤Theirsometimessensationalfindingswerefilledwithwarningsaboutthegrowingcompetitionfromoverseas.①Howthingshavechanged!②In1995theUnitedStatescanlookbackonfiveyearsofsolidgrowthwhileJapanhasbeenstruggling.③（14）FewAmericansattributethissolelytosuchobviouscausesasadevalueddollarortheturningofthebusinesscycle.④Self-doubthasyieldedtoblindpride.⑤“Americanindustryhaschangeditsstructure,hasgoneonadiet,haslearnttobemorequick-witted,”accordingtoRichardCavanaugh,executivedeanofHarvard’sKennedySchoolofernment.⑥“ItmakesmeproudtobeanAmericanjusttoseehowourbusinessesareimprovingtheirproductivity,”saysStephenMooreoftheCatoInstitute,athink- inWashington,DC.⑦AndWilliamSahlmanoftheHarvardBusinessSchoolbelievesthatpeoplewilllookbackonthisperiodas“agoldenageofbusinessmanagementintheUnitedStates.”［429TheU.S.achieveditspredominanceafterWorldWarII［A］ithadmadepainstakingeffortstowardsthis［B］itsdomesticmarketwaseighttimeslargerthan［C］thewarhaddestroyedtheeconomiesofmostpotential［D］theunparalleledsizeofitsworkforcehadgivenanimpetustoitsThelossofU.S.predominanceintheworldeconomyinthe1980sismanifestedinthefactthatthe［A］TVindustryhadwithdrawntoitsdomestic［B］semiconductorindustryhadbeentakenoverbyforeign［C］machine-toolindustryhadcollapsedaftersuicidal［D］autoindustryhadlostpartofitsdomesticWhatcanbeinferredfromthe［A］Itishumannaturetoshiftbetweenself-doubtandblind［B］Intensecompetitionmaycontributetoeconomic［C］Therevivaloftheeconomydependsoninternational［D］AlonghistoryofsuccessmaypavethewayforfurtherTheauthorseemstobelievetherevivaloftheU.S.economyinthe1990scanbeattributedto［A］turningofthebusiness ［B］restructuringof［C］improvedbusiness ［D］successinPassage①（15）Beingamanhasalwaysbeendangerous.②Thereareabout105malesbornforevery100females,butthisratiodropstonearbalanceatofmaturity,andamong70-year-oldstherearetwiceasmanywomenasmen.③Butthegreatuniversalofmalemortalityisbeingchanged.④Now,boybabiessurvivealmostaswellasgirlsdo.⑤Thismeansthat,forthefirsttime,therewillbeanexcessofboysinthosecrucialyearswhentheyaresearchingforamate.⑥Moreimportant,anotherchancefornaturalselectionhasbeenremoved.⑦Fiftyyearsago,thechanceofababy(particularlyaboybaby)survivingdependedonitsweight.Akilogramtoolightortooheavymeantalmostcertaindeath.⑧Todayitmakesalmostnodifference.Sincemuchofthevariationisduetogenes,onemoreagentofevolutionhasgone.①Thereisanotherwaytocommitevolutionarysuicide:stayalive,buthavefewerchildren.②Fewpeopleareasfertileasinthepast.③Exceptinsomereligiouscommunities,veryfewwomenhave15children.④Nowadaysthenumberofbirths,liketheageofdeath,has eaverage.⑤Mostofushaveroughlythesamenumberofoffspring.⑥（16）Again,differencesbetweenpeopleandtheopportunityfornaturalselectiontotakeadvantageofithavediminished.⑦showswhatishappening.Thecountryofferswealthforafewinthegreatcitiesandpovertyfortheremainingtribalpeoples.⑧Thegrandmediocrityoftoday—everyonebeingthesameinsurvivalandnumberofoffspring—meansthatnaturalselectionhaslost80%ofitspowerinupper-middle-classcomparedtothetribes.Forus,thismeansthatevolutionisover;thebiologicalUtopiahasarrived.②Strangely,ithasinvolvedlittlephysicalchange.③Nootherspeciesfillssomanyplacesinnature.④Butinthepast100,000years—eventhepast100years—ourliveshavebeentransformedbutourbodieshavenot.⑤（17）Wedidnotevolve,becausemachinesandsocietydiditforus.⑥D(zhuǎn)arwinhadaphrasetodescribethoseignorantofevolution:they“l(fā)ookatanorganicbeingasasavagelooksataship,asatsomethingwhollybeyondhiscomprehension.”⑦Nodoubtwewillremembera20thcenturywayoflifebeyondcomprehensionforitsugliness.ButhoweveramazedourdescendantsmaybeathowfarfromUtopiawewere,theywilllookjustlikeus.［406Whatusedtobethedangerinbeingamanaccordingtothefirst［A］Alackof ［B］Afierce［C］Alowersurvival ［D］AdefectiveWhatdoestheexample ［A］Wealthypeopletendtohavefewerchildrenthanpoor［B］Naturalselectionhardlyworksamongtherichandthe［C］Themiddleclasspopulationis80%smallerthanthatofthe isoneofthecountrieswithaveryhighbirthTheauthorarguesthatourbodieshavestoppedevolving［A］lifehasbeenimprovedbytechnological［B］thenumberoffemalebabieshasbeen［C］ourspecieshasreachedthehigheststageof［D］thedifferencebetweenwealthandpovertyisWhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthe［A］SexRatioChangesinHuman［B］WaysofContinuingMan’s［C］TheEvolutionaryFutureof［D］HumanEvolutionGoingPassage①（20）Whenanewmovementinartattainsacertainfashion,itisadvisabletofindoutwhatitsadvocatesareaimingat,for,howeverfarfetchedandunreasonabletheirprinciplesmayseemtoday,itispossiblethatinyearstocometheymayberegardedasnormal.②WithregardtoFuturistpoetry,however,thecaseisratherdifficult,forwhateverFuturistpoetrymaybe—evenadmittingthatthetheoryonwhichitisbasedmayberight—itcanhardlybeclassedasLiterature.①This,inbrief,iswhattheFuturistsays:foracentury,pastconditionsoflifehavebeenconditionallyspeedingup,tillnowweliveinaworldofnoiseandandspeed.②Consequently,ourfeelings,thoughtsandemotionshaveundergoneacorrespondingchange.③（21）Thisspeedingupoflife,saystheFuturist,requiresanewformofexpression.④Wemustspeedupourliteraturetoo,ifwewanttointerpretmodernstress.⑤Wemustpouroutalargestreamofessentialwords,unhamperedbystops,orqualifyingadjectives,orfiniteverbs.⑥Insteadofdescribingsoundswemustmakeupwordsthatimitatethem;wemustusemanysizesoftypeanddifferentcoloredinksonthesamepage,andshortenorlengthenwordsat①Certainlytheirdescriptionsofbattlesareconfused.②ButitisalittleupsettingtoreadintheexplanatorynotesthatacertainlinedescribesafightbetweenaTurkishandaBulgarianofficeronabridgeoffwhichtheybothfallintotheriver—andthentofindthatthelineconsistsofthenoiseoftheirfallingandtheweightsoftheofficers:“Pluff!Pluff!Ahundredandeighty-fivekilograms.”①（22）This,thoughitfulfillsthelawsandrequirementsofFuturistpoetry,canhardlybeclassedasLiterature.②Allthesame,nothinkingmancanrefusetoaccepttheirfirstproposition:thatagreatchangeinouremotionallifecallsforachangeofexpression.③Thewholequestionisreallythis:haveweessentiallychanged?［334words］Thispassageis［A］asurveyofnewapproachesto［B］areviewofFuturist［C］aboutmeritsoftheFuturist［D］aboutlawsandrequirementsofWhenanovelliteraryideaappears,peopleshouldtry［A］determineits ［B］ignoreits［C］followthenew ［D］accepttheFuturistthatwe［A］increasetheproductionof［B］usepoetrytorelievemodern［C］developnewmodesof［D］avoidusingadjectivesandTheauthorbelievesthatFuturistpoetry［A］basedonreasonable［B］newandacceptabletoordinary［C］indicativeofabasicchangeinhuman［D］moreofatransientphenomenonthanPassage①（23）AimlessnesshashardlybeentypicalofthepostwarJapanwhoseproductivityandsocialharmonyaretheenvyoftheUnitedStatesandEurope.②ButincreasinglytheJapaneseareseeingadeclineofthetraditionalwork-moralvalues.③Tenyearsagoyoungpeoplewerehardworkingandsawtheirjobsastheirprimaryreasonforbeing,butnowJapanhaslargelyfulfilleditseconomicneeds,andyoungpeopledon’tknowwheretheyshouldgonext.①Thecomingofageofthepostwarbabyboomandanentryofwomenintothemale-dominatedjobmarkethavelimitedtheopportunitiesofteen-agerswhoarealreadyquestioningtheheavyalsacrificesinvolvedinclimbingJapan’srigidsocialladdertogoodschoolsandjobs.②Inarecentsurvey,itwasfoundthatonly24.5percentofJapanesestudentswerefullysatisfiedwithschoollife,comparedwith67.2percentofstudentsintheUnitedStates.③Inaddition,farmoreJapaneseworkersexpresseddissatisfactionwiththeirjobsthandidtheircounterpartsinthe10othercountriessurveyed.①Whileoftenpraisedbyforeignersforitsemphasisonthebasics,Japaneseeducationtendstostresstesttakingandmechanicallearninercreativityandself-expression.②（25）“Thosethingsthatdonotshowupinthetestscores—ality,ability,courageorhumanity—arecompleyignored,”saysToshikiKaifu,chairmanoftherulingLiberalDemocraticParty’seducationcommittee.③“Frustrationagainstthiskindofthingleadskidstodropoutandrunwild.”④LastyearJapanexperienced2，125incidentsofschool ,including929assaultsonteachers.⑤Amidtheoutcry,manyconservativeleadersareseekingareturntotheprewaremphasisonmoraleducation.⑥LastyearMitsuoSetoyama,whowastheneducationminister,raisedeyebrowswhenhearguedthatliberalreformsintroducedbytheAmericanoccupationauthoritiesafterWorldWarIIhadweakenedthe“Japanesemoralityofrespectforparents.”①（26）ButthatmayhavemoretodowithJapaneselife-styles.②“InJapan,”sayseducatorYokoMuro,“it’sneveraquestionofwhetheryouenjoyyourjobandyourlife,butonlyhowmuchyoucanendure.”③Witheconomicgrowthhascomecentralization;fully76percentofJapan’s119millioncitizensliveincitieswherecommunityandtheextendedfamilyhavebeenabandonedinfavorofisolated,two-generationhouseholds.④UrbanJapanesehavelongenduredlengthycommutes(travelstoandfromwork)andcrowdedlivingconditions,butastheoldgroupandfamilyvaluesweaken,thefortisbeginningtol.⑤Inthepastdecade,theJapanesedivorcerate,whilestillwellbelowthatoftheUnitedStates,hasincreasedbymorethan50percent,andsuicideshaveincreasedbynearlyone-quarter.［447IntheWesterners’eyes,thepostwarJapan［A］underaimless ［B］apositive［C］arivaltothe ［D］ontheAccordingtotheauthor,whatmaychieflyberesponsibleforthemoraldeclineofJapanese［A］Women’sparticipationinsocialactivitiesis［B］Moreworkersaredissatisfiedwiththeir［C］Excessiveemphasishasbeenplacedonthe［D］Thelife-stylehasbeeninfluencedbyWesternWhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothe［A］Japaneseeducationispraisedforheltheyoungclimbthesocial［B］Japaneseeducationischaracterizedbymechanicallearningaswellas［C］Morestressshouldbeplacedonthecultivationof［D］DropoutleadstofrustrationagainsttestThechangeinJapaneselife-styleisrevealedinthefact［A］theyoungarelesstolerant fortsin［B］thedivorcerateinJapanexceedsthatinthe［C］theJapaneseenduremorethanever［D］theJapaneseappreciatetheirpresentPassage①（27）Ifambitionistobewellregarded,therewardsofambition—wealth,distinction,controloverone’sdestiny—mustbedeemedworthyofthesacrificesmadeonambition’sbehalf.②Ifthetraditionofambitionistohavevitality,itmustbewidelyshared;anditespeciallymustbehighlyregardedbypeoplewhoarethemselvesadmired,theeducatednotleastamongthem.③（28）Inanoddway,however,itistheeducatedwhohaveclaimedtohavegivenuponambitionasanideal.④Whatisoddisthattheyhaveperhapsmostbenefitedfromambition—ifnotalwaystheirownthenthatoftheirparentsandgrandparents.⑤Thereisaheavynoteofhypocrisyinthis,acaseofclosingthebarndoorafterthehorseshaveescaped—withtheeducatedthemselvesridingonthem.①Certainlypeopledonotseemlessinterestedinsuccessanditssignsnowthanformerly.②Summerhomes,Europeantravel,BMWs—thelocations,placenamesandnamebrandsmaychange,butsuchitemsdonotseemlessindemandtodaythanadecadeortwoyearsago.③（29）Whathashappenedisthatpeoplecannotconfessfullytotheirdreams,aseasilyandopenlyasoncetheycould,lesttheybethoughtpushing,acquisitiveandvulgar.④Instead,wearetreatedtofinehypocriticalspectacles,whichnowmorethaneverseeminamplesupply:thecriticofAmericanmaterialismwithaSouthamptonsummerhome;thepublisherofradicalbookswhotakeshismealsinthree-starrestaurants;thejournalistadvocatingparticipatorydemocracyinallphasesoflife,whoseownchildrenareenrolledinprivateschools.⑤Forsuchpeopleandmanymoreperhapsnotsoexceptional,theproperformulationis,“Succeedatallcostsbutavoidappearingambitious.”①Theattacksonambitionaremanyandcomefromvariousangles;itspublicdefendersarefewandunimpressive,wheretheyarenotextremelyunattractive.②Asaresult,thesupportforambitionasahealthyimpulse,aqualitytobeadmiredandfixedinthemindoftheyoung,isprobablylowerthanithaseverbeenintheUnitedStates.③Thisdoesnotmeanthatambitionisatanend,thatpeoplenolongerfeelitsstirringsandpromptings,butonlythat,nolongeropenlyhonored,itislessopenlyprofessed.④Consequencesfollowfromthis,ofcourse,someofwhicharethatambitionisdrivenunderground,ormadesly.⑤Such,then,isthewaythingsstand:ontheleftangrycritics,ontherightstupidsupporters,andinthemiddle,asusual,themajorityofearnestpeopletryingtogetoninlife.［431words］Itisgenerallybelievedthatambitionmaybewellregarded［A］itsreturnswellcompensateforthe［B］itisrewardedwithmoney,fameand［C］itsgoalsarespiritualratherthan［D］itissharedbytherichandtheThe tenceofthefirstparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthatit［A］customaryoftheeducatedtodiscardambitionin［B］toolatetocheckambitiononceithasbeenlet［C］dishonesttodenyambitionafterthefulfillmentofthe［D］impracticalfortheeducatedtoenjoybenefitsfromSomepeopledonotopenlyadmittheyhaveambition［A］theythinkofitas［B］theirpursuitsarenotfameor［C］ambitionisnotcloselyrelatedtomaterial［D］theydonotwanttoappeargreedyandFromthelastparagraphtheconclusioncanbedrawnthatambitionshouldbe［A］secretlyand ［B］openlyand［C］easilyand ［D］verballyandPartⅢEnglish-ChineseReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationmustbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)ernmentsthroughouttheworldactontheassumptionthatthewelfareoftheirpeopledependslargelyontheeconomicstrengthandwealthofthecommunity.31）Undermodernconditions,thisrequiresvaryingmeasuresofcontrolandhencethehelpofspecializedscientistssuchaseconomistsandoperationalresearchexperts.32）Furthermore,itisobviousthatthestrengthofacountry’seconomyisdirectlyboundupwiththeefficiencyofitsagricultureandindustry,andthatthisinturnrestsupontheeffortsofscientistsandtechnologistsofallkinds.Italsomeansthaternmentsareincreasinglycompelledtointerfereinthesesectorsinordertostepupproductionandensurethatitisutilizedtothebestadvantage.Forexample,theymayencourageresearchinvariousways,includingthesettingupoftheirownresearchcenters;theymayalterthestructureofeducation,orinterfereinordertoreducethewastageofnaturalresourcesortapresourceshithertounexploited;ortheymaycooperatedirectlyinthegrowingnumberofinternationalprojectsrelatedtoscience,economicsandindustry.Inanycase,allsuchinterventionsareheavilydependentonscientificadviceandalsoscientificandtechnologicalmanpowerofallkinds.33）Owingtotheremarkabledevelopmentin munications,peopleeverywherearefeelingnewwantsandarebeingexposedtonewcustomsandideas,whileernmentsareoftenforcedtointroducestillfurtherinnovationsforthereasonsgivenabove.Atthesametime,thenormalrateofsocialchangethroughouttheworldistakingplaceatavastlyacceleratedspeedcomparedwiththepast.Forexample,34）intheearlyindustrializedcountriesofEuropetheprocessofindustrialization—withallthefar-reachingchangesinsocialpatternsthatfollowed—wasspreadovernearlyacentury,whereasnowadaysadevelonationmayundergothesameprocessinadecadeorso.Allthishastheeffectofbuildingupunusualpressuresandtensionswithinthecommunityandconsequentlypresentsseriousproblemsfortheernmentsconcerned.35）Additionalsocialstressesmayalsooccurbecauseofthepopulationexplosionorproblemsarisingfrommassmigrationmovements—themselvesmaderelativelyeasynowadaysbymodernmeansoftransport.Asaresultofallthesefactors,ernmentsare ingincreasinglydependentonbiologistsandsocialscientistsforplanningtheappropriateprogramsandputtingthemintoeffect.［390words］Studythefollowinopicturescarefullyandwriteanessayofatleast150YouressaymustbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEETYouressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow:1）Describethepictures.Deducethepurposeofthepainterofthe2000年英語(yǔ)試題答案PartⅠCloze1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 9. 10.PartⅡReadingPassage11.12.PassagePassagePassagePassagePartⅢEnglish-ChineseSectionⅣWriting(15PartⅠClose一、文章總體分析應(yīng)對(duì)惡劣天氣影響及作為商品賣(mài)掉以滿足農(nóng)業(yè)再生產(chǎn)等需要。⑥⑦⑧句論述沒(méi)有余糧的危害:不能自給自足，從二、試題具體解析\[Aotherthan不同于，除了……[Baswellas也，又（表示附加[C]insteadof而不是……（表選擇）[D]morethan比……（表比較）章提到了兩種正好相反的做法，一種是storealargetyofgrain（大量的糧食另一種是consumingallhisgrainimmediay（立即把他所有的糧食都消費(fèi)完。顯然前一種做法是農(nóng)民可以成功的做法，因此空格處需要一個(gè)［空格設(shè)置］insteadof是連接性介詞，體現(xiàn)上下文語(yǔ)義上的邏輯關(guān)系。insteadof表選擇關(guān)系，意為“代替，作為……的替換，而不是…”，在兩種做法中肯定前者，否定后者。如：Iwillstayathomeinsteadofgoingout.我將待在家里，不出門(mén)。其他連接性介詞還包括becauseof（因?yàn)?，despite（盡管，besides（除了）等。［干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置］其他項(xiàng)的短語(yǔ)都可用于連接前后并列的兩部分。otherthan常用于否定句中，實(shí)際上是對(duì)后面aswellastheproofreadersareworkinertime.編輯和校對(duì)者都在加班工作。Ilikehermorethanherhusband.我比較喜2.[A]onlyif只要，只有(表?xiàng)l件 [B]muchas盡管，雖然(表讓步[C]longbefore早在…以前(表時(shí)間) [D]eversince自從(表時(shí)間)himselfandhisfamilyonlyif引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，代入句中，意為“只有生產(chǎn)有剩余，農(nóng)largetyofgrain和③句的producesasurplus是近義復(fù)現(xiàn)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了句子之間的語(yǔ)義銜接。［空格設(shè)置］onlyif體現(xiàn)了主從句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，而且onlyif是if的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式，在文中用于強(qiáng)調(diào)糧食的必要性。onlyif用于句首時(shí)，主句一般要倒裝，如：Onlyiftheredlightcomesonisthereanythingwrongwiththemachine.supporttoprovidefromhisfirstmarriage.馬克得供養(yǎng)他第一次生的。Heturnedtocrimetosupporthisdrughabit.他為維持吸surpluses過(guò)剩的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品。它和上文storealargety相呼應(yīng)。［干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置］其他項(xiàng)也是主從復(fù)合句的連接詞。例句：Muchassheneededthejob,shehadtorefuse.常需要這份工作，她只能。ShehadseenthefilmabroadlongbeforeitwasshowninBeijing.早在這部在上映之前，她就在國(guó)外看過(guò)了。Shehadbeenworryingeversincetheletterarrived.[B]against，靠著，相…不利,預(yù)[Cof本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：介詞的用法+搭配。正確率［快速解題］④句提到，農(nóng)民可以將余糧用于三種用途：asseed，asaninsuranceasacommodity?？崭裉幪顃heunpredictableeffectsofbadweatherinsurance的后置定語(yǔ)，意為“作為…惡劣天氣Hemustusethissurplusinthreeways“（防備不測(cè)的保障措施，安全保證”，如：Atthattimepeoplehadlargefamiliesasaninsuranceagainstsomechildren［干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置］其他項(xiàng)都是常用的介詞。for可指“以幫助，為了……”，如：soldiersfightingfortheircountry為祖國(guó)出征的；或表示目的或用途，如：amachineforslicingbread（用于）切面包片機(jī)。toward可指“對(duì)，對(duì)[B]purchase[Ddispose（~of）+［快速解題］空格所在部分談到農(nóng)民把余糧作為商品（asacommodity）出售的目的之一是：4oldagricultural（purchase）舊農(nóng)具，更不可能是為了處置、安排（dispose）replace表達(dá)的“用余糧換得的錢(qián)來(lái)買(mǎi)新［篇章分析］commoditywhich引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，具體說(shuō)明余糧作為商品的用途：更換舊農(nóng)具及化肥。定語(yǔ)從句中，inorderto連接兩個(gè)并列的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)toreplace...and(to)obtain...做目的狀語(yǔ)。［空格設(shè)置］which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。replace一詞含義雖然簡(jiǎn)單，但需要通過(guò)理解上［干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置］implements（工具，器具）構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓搭配。例句：Theypurchasedthelandfor$1million.他們以100萬(wàn)買(mǎi)下了這塊土地。adietsupplementedwithvitaminpills有維生素片的飲食。dispose意為“排列，安排，布置”，disposeofsb/sth可意為“處置，清除，銷(xiāo)毀”，如：Hedisposedofhisoldcar.他處理掉他的舊汽車(chē)。也指“解決，處理（問(wèn)題、等；擊敗，殺死（]［快速解題］空格部分談到農(nóng)民把余糧作為商品出售的另一目的：obtainchemicalfertilizersto5thesoilenhance從含義上看似乎符合上下文語(yǔ)義要求，但它通常與抽象名詞搭配；mixthesoil指“混合（不同的土壤不符合文意；raisesoil做賓語(yǔ)。只有feedsoil搭配，feed為引申義，意為“給土壤增加養(yǎng)料”，符合文意。feedafamilyoffiveon$100aweek.你無(wú)法靠每周100的收入來(lái)養(yǎng)活一家五口。文中feed是比喻用法，需要根據(jù)［干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置］enhance在詞義上形成干擾，如：Healthenhancesbeauty.健康使人顯得更美。mix利用句中出現(xiàn)的兩個(gè)事物“化肥”與“土壤”形成“將二者混合”的干擾，如：Oildoesnotmixwithwater.油不和水相溶。raise6.[Avessels船，容器，導(dǎo)管，脈管[Broutes[C]paths路，小路 [D]channels，管道本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：固定搭配+名詞詞義辨析。正確率［快速解題］irrigation（灌溉）routespaths，它們主要指［篇章分析］⑤句和④句后半部分（asacommoditywhichhemust...）含義密切相關(guān)。⑤句承接上文，繼續(xù)介水渠，河槽，水道，航道，海峽”，如：Complaintsmustbemadethroughtheproperchannels.必須通過(guò)正當(dāng)途徑進(jìn)行。drainagechannelsinthericefields稻田的排水溝?？忌^熟悉的是它的前幾個(gè)義項(xiàng)，此處了它表示“水渠”的含義及與irrigation的搭配。［干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置］channel一樣，都可以表示“路線、線路”，需要考生能辨清各自的用法。route意為anair/busroute飛行航線/路線，它也可比喻為“途徑，”，如：theroutetofame/power成名的/獲取權(quán)力的途風(fēng)行經(jīng)的路線；它還可比喻為“行動(dòng)計(jì)劃，成功途徑”，如：acareerpath職業(yè)道路；thepathtofreedom/success通向vessel血管。7.[A]self-confident自信 [C]self-satisfied自滿的，自鳴得意的[D]self-restrained自我控制的，有節(jié)制的［空格設(shè)置］此題實(shí)際上是通過(guò)考查復(fù)合形容詞來(lái)考查上下文的語(yǔ)義。self-sufficient與上文③句中support如：Thecountryistotallyself-sufficientinfoodproduction.在糧食生產(chǎn)上，這個(gè)國(guó)家完全達(dá)到了自給自足。［干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置］其他項(xiàng)都是self-構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞，且都可修飾farmers。例句：aself-confidentmanner自信的態(tài)度。Hehadaself-satisfied onhisface.他臉上掛著得意洋洋的笑容。herself-restrained 8.[A]search搜 [B]save，節(jié)[C]offer提供，出價(jià) [D]seek尋求，尋找［快速解題］⑦句，（如果農(nóng)民沒(méi)有生產(chǎn)剩余）他必須變賣(mài)部分家產(chǎn)或以的形式……額外的。因此“節(jié)?。╯ave）額外的”或“提供（offer）額外的給別人”都不符合文意。search作“找尋”講時(shí)，應(yīng)搭配介詞for。因此正確答案是seek，放入文中，意為“尋求以的形式獲得的額金”。［篇章分析］⑦句是分?jǐn)⒕洌唧w論述⑥句中的cannotbeself-sufficient：他或者需要變賣(mài)，或者需要［空格設(shè)置］本題既考查了動(dòng)詞與名詞（extrafundsintheformofloans）的搭配，又考查了上下文意。seek［干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置］fundssearch干擾性較強(qiáng)，因此必須理解上下文并準(zhǔn)確掌握動(dòng)存者，Shesearchedinvainforherpassport.她翻找自己的護(hù)照，但沒(méi)找著。9.[Aproportion比例，比率，均衡[Bpercentage[C]rate比率，速度，等級(jí) ofinterestinterestrate意為“利率”，是固定搭配。［篇章分析］⑦⑧句是承接關(guān)系，⑦句提到農(nóng)民不能自足時(shí)，要去借貸，⑧句說(shuō)明借貸時(shí)會(huì)遇到的。⑧句中borrowmoney與⑦句中extrafundsintheformofloans是近義復(fù)現(xiàn)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了句子之間的銜接。hourlyrateofpay按小時(shí)支付的低/高；thebasicrateoftax基本稅額。文中用到的是第二個(gè)含義。［干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置］rate的近義干擾。proportion意為“比例，比率”，birthstodeaths人口出生與的比例；另一個(gè)是inproportionto（數(shù)量之間的一種關(guān)系，暗指如果一方發(fā)生變化則另一方也隨之發(fā)生相應(yīng)的變化，如：happinessnotinproportiontovirtue與美德不成比例。percentage意為“百分比”，如：Whatpercentageofthestudentswereabsent?的學(xué)生占百分之幾？ratio指“兩件相似事情在程度或數(shù)量上的對(duì)比關(guān)系”，如：Theratioofhydrogentooxygeninwateris2to1.2∶1。10.[A]genuinely地，誠(chéng)實(shí) [B]obviously明顯[Cpresumably可能地，大概,推測(cè)起來(lái)[Dfrequently經(jīng)常地［快速解題］空格處是but引導(dǎo)的轉(zhuǎn)折分句，前文提到農(nóng)民自然想獲得低利率，后半句轉(zhuǎn)折：但是這種低息并不…得到。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，首先排除genuinely，它在語(yǔ)義上不與obtainable搭配。obviously表示的“明［篇章分析］but連接的表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列句，thiskind即指上文lowrateofinterest（低利率［干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置］其他項(xiàng)都是副詞，是根據(jù)中文含義設(shè)置的干擾。例句：uinelybelievesinwhathesells.他Hewasobviouslydrunk.他顯然是喝醉了。Presumablythebadweatherhasdelayedtheflight.大三、全文翻一個(gè)農(nóng)民要想成功，就必須在消費(fèi)和生產(chǎn)之間努力保持著較大的差距。他必須大量的糧食而不是立即把所作，留作預(yù)防惡劣天氣影響的保障措施，以及作為商品賣(mài)掉，來(lái)更換舊農(nóng)具和化肥給土壤施肥。他可能還PartⅡReadingPassage一、詞匯注ata例：I’matalosswhattodonext.我對(duì)下一步做什么心里沒(méi)譜havebeenacasualtyoftherecession.小商店在經(jīng)濟(jì)中深受其害。3.［U］急救室，室vi.*1.tograduallydisappear逐漸例：Herbeautyhasfadedalittle.美貌已有點(diǎn)失色。2.to eweakervt.&vi.（使）褪色（使）失去光澤例：Thesunhadfadedthecurtains.把窗簾曬得褪了色a.1.發(fā)紅光的，白熱的2.熱烈贊揚(yáng)的，熱情洋溢的，例：aglowingaccount/report熱情洋溢的敘述/*3.光明的，輝煌的；glowv.發(fā)熱，發(fā)光，發(fā)紅n.光亮，光輝vt.giveorbeadisadvantagetosb/sth對(duì)（、某物）設(shè)置不利條件;被施加不利條件例：behandicappedbyalackofeducation因文化水平低而吃虧n.［C］1.（由于受到損壞而產(chǎn)生的身體或智力上的）殘障，殘疾*2.，不利條件例：Illiteracyisaseriousahandicapof7ingolf.她在球比賽中讓了7桿。onthe岌岌可危，即將，處于困n.優(yōu)勢(shì)，主導(dǎo)地位；predominanta.占優(yōu)勢(shì)的；主要的；突出的a.的，富于機(jī)智的；witn.智力，才智，智n./vi1.［U（承諾的撤回立場(chǎng)的aretreatfromhard-linepolicies放棄強(qiáng)硬政策*2.［C，U］amovementawayfromaplaceoranenemybecauseofdangerordefeat撤退，退卻，例：Napoleon’sretreatfromMoscow拿破侖從莫斯科的撤退3.［C］（對(duì)某個(gè)環(huán)境的）逃避，躲避，隱退vi.（尤指因恐懼而）例：Iwillnotshrinkfrommyduties.我不會(huì)逃避責(zé)任。takeforgrantedtakeitforgranted（that…）*2.takesb/sthforgranted（因習(xí)以為常）對(duì)……不重視因視為當(dāng)然而）例：Wetakehavinganendlesssupplyofcleanwaterforgranted.我們想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為潔凈n.，思想yieldtostopresisting屈服，讓步例：Hereluctantlyyieldedtotheirdemands.他不情愿地屈從于他們的要求。*2.tobereplacedby被……取代例：Bargesyieldedtoroadvehiclesfortransportinggoods.在貨物方面，駁船讓位給了公路二、句式結(jié)構(gòu)分析1.Ahistoryoflongandeffortlesssuccesscanbeadreadfulhandicap,but,ifproperlyhandled,itmay eadriving該句由but連接的兩個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列分句構(gòu)成。But與后一個(gè)分句之間if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句WhentheUnitedStatesenteredjustsuchaglowingperiodafteroftheSecondWorldWar,ithadamarketeighttimeslargerthananycompetitor,givingitsindustriesunparalleledeconomiesofscale.為結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。unparalleled意為“無(wú)法比擬的，空前的”。Forawhileitlookedasthough［themakingofsemiconductors,whichAmericahadinventedandwhichsatattheheartofthenewcomputerage,wasgoingtobethenextcasualty］.itlooked；asthoughlookedthemakingofsemiconductors和謂語(yǔ)wasgoingtobe...之間，又了兩個(gè)并列的定語(yǔ)從句修飾semiconductorscasualty本意是“傷Americanindustryhaschangeditsstructure,hasgoneonadiet,haslearnttobemorequick-達(dá)到形象生動(dòng)的效果。我們可以反過(guò)來(lái)形容人，如：Mr.Smithwasadvisedbythedoctortoloseweig