2018英語專四真題與參考答案

學(xué)習(xí)資料分享學(xué)習(xí)資料分享2018英語專業(yè)四級考試真題及參考答案PARTIIILANGUAGEUSAGETherearetwentysentencesinthissection.BeneatheachsentencetherearefouroptionsmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentenceoranswersthequestion.MarkhouranswersonANSWERSHEETTWO.TheBentPyramidoutsideCairoancientEgypt'sfirstattempttobuildasmooth-sidedpyramid.hasbeenbelievedtohavebeenwasbelievedtobeisbelievedtohavebeenisbelievedtobeU.S.Newsrankingsofcollegessince1983.Theyareaverypopularresourceforstudentslookingtoapplytouniversitycampus.maintainsismaintainingmaintainedhasbeenmaintainingHewasluredintoacrimehewouldnothavecommitted.actuallyaccidentallyotherwiseseldomShewasonceayoungcountrywifewithchickensinthebackyardandaviewofmountainsbehindtheappleorchard.bluehazyVirginiahazyblueVirginiaVirginiahazyblueVirginiabluehazyIlongtoalleviate,butIcannot.theevilevilevilsanevilIndeed,itisarguablethatbodyshatteringistheverypointoffootball,askillingandmaimingwararewarofwarareofwarAt,photographyisachemicalprocess,duringwhichalight-sensitivematerialisalteredwhenexposedtolight.itsmostbasicitsbasicthemostbasicthebasicShehiredalawyertoinvestigate,onlytolearnthatGabrielhadremovedhernamefromthedeed.Theinfinitiveverbphrase“onlytolearn”isused.toexpressanintendedpurposetoindicateahighdegreeofpossibilitytorevealanundesirableconsequencetodramatizeastatedfactWhichofthefollowingitalicizedwordsDOESNOTcarrythemetaphoricalmeaning?Iwonderwhat'sbehindthischangeofplan.Jimturnedtospeaktothepersonstandingbehindhim.Thisworkshouldhavebeenfinishedyesterday.I'mgettingterriblybehind.IsupposeI'mluckybecausemyparentswerebehindmealltheway.Mymotherwasdeterminedtohelpthoseinneedandshewouldhavebeenimmenselyproudofwhathasbeenachievedtheselast20years.Theitalicizedpartinthesentenceexpresses.ahypothesisasuggestionacontradictionasurpriseWhenthepoliceofficerswhotookpartintheKingbeatingwerefirstbroughtto,theirlawyersusedthevideotapeasevidenceagainsttheprosecution.justicetestimonytrialverdict,themostcontroversialcandidateintheelectioncampaign,hehasbeenstronglycriticizedforhiscrudecommentsaboutwomen.QuestionablyArguablyContentiouslyDebatablyPriceshaverecentlyriseninordertotheincreasedcostofrawmaterials.cutbuoyofferoffsetThecelebritysaysincourtpapersshe“hasnoofgivinganyauthorizationtoanyonetoproceedwithadivorce.”recommendationrecordingrecollectionrecognitionWhatactuallyagoodangle—oragoodselfieoverall—isrootedinwhatweconsiderbeautiful.consistsconstitutescomposesconstructsTheschoolisgoingthemiletocreatethenextgenerationofsportingstarsthankstoitsuniquedevelopmentprogram.finalfurthersupplementaryextraTheteachers'unionalawsuitagainstthedistrictcallingforrepairing“deplorable”schoolconditions.firedfiledfinedfilledLastMarchtheofa19thcenturycargoshipwasfoundbyanunderwaterarchaeologicalteam.debrisruinsremainswreckShe'swornhisdesignsonoccasionsfromredcarpetstomoviepremieres.countlesscountablenumericalnumeralAleadingintelligenceandoperationscompanyhasreleaseditsanalysisofworldwidereportedincidentsofpiracyandcrimeagainstmariners.oceangoingoceanicmarinemaritimePARTIVCLOZEDecidewhichofthewordsgivenintheboxbelowwouldbestcompletethepassageifinsertedinthecorrespondingblank.ThewordscanbeusedONCEONLY.MarktheletterforeachwordonANSWERSHEET.A.accompaniesB.automaticallyC.coupleD.goesE.indebtednessF.kindG.mannerH.mercifullyI.oneJ.obeyK.renownedL.subscribeM.unknownN.virtueO.widespreadAFewyearsago,auniversityprofessortriedalittleexperiment.HesentChristmascardstoasampleofperfectstrangers.Althoughheexpectedsomereaction,theresponsehereceivedwasamazing—holidaycardsaddressedtohimcamepouringbackfromthepeoplewhohadnevermetnorheardofhim.Thegreatmajorityofthosewhoreturnedacardneverinquiredintotheidentityoftheunknownprofessor.Theyreceivedhisholidaygreetingcard,andtheyautomaticallysentoneinreturn.Thisstudyshowstheactionofoneofthemostpowerfuloftheweaponsofinfluencearoundus—theruleforreciprocation.Therulesaysthatweshouldtrytorepay,inkind,whatanotherpersonhasprovidedus.Ifawomandoesusafavor,weshoulddoheroneinreturn;ifamansendsusabirthdaypresent,weshouldrememberhisbirthdaywithagiftofourown;ifacoupleinvitesustoaparty,weshouldbesuretoinvitethemtooneofours.Byvirtueofthereciprocityrule,then,weareobligatedtothefuturerepaymentoffavors,gifts,invitations,andthelike.Sotypicalisitforindebtednesstoaccompanythereceiptofsuchthingsthatatermlike“muchobliged”hasbecomeasynonymfor“thankyou,”notonlyintheEnglishlanguagebutinothersaswell.Theimpressiveaspectoftheruleforreciprocationandthesenseofobligationthatgoeswithitisitspervasivenessinhumanculture.Itissowidespreadthatafterintensivestudy,sociologistssuchasAlvinGoldenercanreportthatthereisnohumansocietythatdoesnotsubscribetotherule.PARTVREADINGCOMPREHENSIONSECTIONAMULTIPLECHOICEQUESTIONSInthissectiontherearethreepassagesfollowedbytenmultiplechoicequestions.Foreachmultiplechoicequestion,therearefoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswerandmarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEETTWO.PASSAGEONE（1）TheearliestsettlerscametotheNorthAmericancontinenttoestablishcoloniesthatwerefreefromthecontrolsthatexistedinEuropeansocieties.Theywantedtoescapethecontrolsplacedontheirlivesbykingsandgovernments,priestsandchurches,noblemenandaristocrats.ThehistoricdecisionsmadebythosefirstsettlershavehadaprofoundeffectontheshapingoftheAmericancharacter.Bylimitingthepowerofthegovernmentandthechurchesandeliminatingaformalaristocracy,theycreatedaclimateoffreedomwheretheemphasiswasontheindividual.IndividualfreedomisprobablythemostbasicofalltheAmericanvalues.Byfreedom,Americansmeanthedesireandtheabilityofallindividualstocontroltheirowndestinywithoutoutsideinterferencefromthegovernment,arulingnobleclass,thechurch,oranyotherorganizedauthority.Thereis,however,apricetobepaidforthisindividualfreedom:self-reliance.ItmeanAmericansbelievetheyshouldstandontheirownfeet,achievingbothfinanciaalndemotionalindependencefromtheirparentsasearlyaspossible,usuallybyage18or21.AsecondimportantreasonwhyimmigrantshavetraditionalbleyendrawntotheUnitedStatesisthebeliefthateveryonehasaequalchancetoenteraraceandsucceedinthegame.BectitlesofnobilitywereforbiddenintheConstitution,noformalclasssystemdevelopedintheU.SThereis,however,apricetobepaidforthisequalityofopportunity:competition.Ifmoflifeisseenasrace,thenapersonmustruntheraceinordertosucceed;apersonmustcompetothers.ThepressuresofcompetitioninthelifeofanAmericanbegininchildhoodandcontinueunretirementfromwork.Infact,anygroupofpeoplewhodoesnotcompetesuccessfullydoesnotfitintothemainstreamofAmericanlifeaswellasthosewhodo.AthirdreasonwhyimmigrantshavetraditionalcloymetotheUnitedStatesistohaveabetterlifeB.ecauseofitsabundantnaturalresourcest,heUnitedStatesappearedtobea“l(fā)andofplentywheremillionscouldcometoseektheirfortunesT.hephrase“goingfromragstoriche”sbecameasloganfortheAmericandream.Manypeopledidachievematerialsuccess.MaterialwealthbecameavaluetotheAmericanpeople,anditalsobecameanacceptedmeasureofsocialstatus.Americanspayaprice,however,fortheirmaterialwealth:hardwork.HardworkhasbeenbothnecessaryandrewardingformostAmericansthroughouttheiIrnhsiosmteorwya.ys,materialpossessionsareseenasevidenceof'spaeboiplieties.BarryGoldwater,acandidateforthepresidencyin1964,saidthatmostpoorpeoplearepoorbecausetheydeservetobe.MostAmericanswouldfindthisaharshstatement,butmanymightthinktherewassometruthinit.ThesebasicvaluesdonottellthewholestoryoftheAmericancharacterR.ather,theyshouldbethoughtofasthemes,aswecontinuetoexploremorefacetsoftheAmericancharacteranhowitaffectslifeintheUnitedStates.Para.4seemstosuggestthat.AmericansarebornwithasenseofcompetitionthepressureofcompetitionbeginswhenonestartsworksuccessfulcompetitionisessentialinAmericansocietycompetitionresultsinequalityofopportunitiesWhichofthefollowingmethodsdoestheauthormainlyuseinexplainingAmericanvalues?ComparisonD.CauseandeffectDefinitionProcessanalysisPASSAGETWOTheNobelsaretheoriginals,ofcourse.AlfredNobel,themanwhoinventeddeadlyexplosives,decidedtotryanddosomethinggoodwithallthemoneyheearned,andgaveprizestopeoplewhomadeprogressinliterature,science,economicsand——perhapsmostimportantly——peace.NotallrewardsareasnobleastheNobels.Eventhoughmostcountrieshaveasystemofrecognizing,honoringandrewardingpeoplewhohavedonesomethinggoodintheircountries,therearenowhundredsofawardsandawardceremoniesforallkindsofthings.TheOscarsareprobablythemostfamous,atimeforthe(mostly)Americanfilmindustrytotellitselfhowgooditisandanannualopportunityforlotsofbigstarstogiveeachotherawardsandmaketearfulspeeches.AswellasthattherearealsotheGoldenGlobes,evidentlyforthesamething.Butit'snotonlyfilms---therearealsoGrammies,Brits,theMercuryPrizeandtheMTVformusic.InBritain,awriterwhowinstheBookerPrizecanexpecttoseetheirdifficult,literarynovelhitthebestsellerlistsandcompetewiththeDaVinciCodeforpopularity.TheTurnerPrizeisanawardforBritishcontemporaryartists—eachyearitcausescontroversybyapparentlygivinglotsofmoneytoartistswhodothingslikedisplayingtheirbeds,puttinganimalsinglasscasesor—thisyear—buildingagardenshed.Awardsdon'tonlyexistforarts.TherearenowawardsforSportsPersonalityoftheYear,forEuropeanFootballeroftheYearandWorldFootballeroftheYear.Thisseemsverystrange—sometimesawardscanbegoodtogiverecognitiontopeoplewhodeserveit,ortohelppeoplewhodon'tmakealotofmoneycarryontheirworkwithoutworryingaboutfinances,butprofessionalsoccerplayersthesedayscertainlyaren'tshortofcash!Manysmalltownsandcommunitiesallovertheworldalsohavetheirownawardceremonies,forlocalwritersorartists,orjustforpeoplewhohavegraduatedfromhighschoolor,gotauniversitydegree.EventheBritishCouncilhasitsownawardsfor“InnovationinEnglishLanguageTeaching".Whyhavealltheseawardsandceremoniesappearedrecently?Shakespeareneverwonaprize,nordidLeonardoDaVinciorAdamSmithorCharlesDickens.Itwouldbepossibletosay,however,thatinthepast,scientistsandartistscouldwin“patronage"formrichpeople—akingoralordwouldgivetheartistsorscientistsmoneytohavethempainttheirpalacesorhelpthemdevelopnewwaysofmakingmoney.Withthechangeinsocialsystemsacrosstheworld,thisnolongerhappens.Alotofscientificresearchisnoweitherfundedbythestateorbyprivatecompanies.Perhapsawardceremoniesarejustthemostrecentphaseofthisprocess.However,thereismoretoitthanthat.WhenafilmwinsanOscar,manymorepeoplewillgoandseeit,orbuytheDVD.WhenawriterwinstheNobelPrize,manymorepeoplebuytheirbooks.WhenagroupwinstheMTVawards,theceremonyisseenbyhundredsofthousandsofpeopleacrosstheworld.Theresult?Thegroupsellslotsmorerecords.Mostawardceremoniesarenowsponsoredbybigorganizationsorcompanies.Thismeansthatitisnotonlythepersonwhowinstheawardwhobenefits---butalsothesponsors.TheMTVawards,forexample,aregreatforpublicizingnotonlymusic,butalsoMTVitself!Onthesurface,itseemstobea“Win-win"situation,witheveryonebeinghappy,butletmeaskyouaquestion—howfardoyouthinkthatpublicityandmarketingarewinninghere,andhowmuchgenuinerecognitionofachievementistakingplace?Whatistheauthor'stonewhenhementionsawardssuchastheOscars,theGoldenGlobesandGrammies(Paras.3&4)Amused.Appreciative.Sarcastic.Serious.AccordingtoPara.4,whatwouldhappentoawardwinningwriters?Theywouldenjoyamuchlargerreadership.Theywouldturntopopularnovelwriting.Theywouldcontinuenon-fictionwriting.Theywouldtrycontroversialformsofart.WhichofthefollowingstatementsbestsumsupPara.6?Awardsceremoniesareheldforlocalpeople.Awardsceremoniesareheldonimportantoccasions.Awardsceremoniesareheldincertainprofessions.Awardsceremoniesareheldforallsortsofreasons.AccordingtoPara.8,onedifferencebetweenscientistsandartistsinthepastandthoseatpresentliesin.natureofworkpersonalcontactsourceoffundingsocialstatusItcanbeconcludedfromPmotemarketratherthanachievementsdogoodtobothmarketandpopularityhelpthosewhoarereallytalentedareeffectiveinmakingpeoplepopularPASSAGETHREEKnowingthatMrs.Mallardsufferedfromahearttrouble,greatcarewastakentobreaktoherasgentlyaspossiblethenewsofherhusband'sdeath.ItwashersisterJosephinewhotoldher,inbrokensentences.Herhusband'sfriendRichardswasthere,too.Itwashewhohadbeeninthenewspaperofficewhennewsoftherailroaddisasterwasreceived,withBrentlyMallard'snameleadingthelistof“killed".Hehadonlytakenthetimetoassurehimselfofitstruthbyasecondtelegram.Sheweptatonce,inhersister'sarms.Whenthestormofsadnesshadspentitselfshewentawaytoherroomalone.Shewouldhavenoonefollowher.Therestood,facingtheopenwindow,acomfortablearmchair.Intothisshesank,presseddownbyaphysicalexhaustionthathauntedherbodyandseemedtoreachintohersoul.Shecouldseeintheopensquarebeforeherhousethetopsoftrees.Thedeliciousbreathofrainwasintheair.Thenotesofadistantsongwhichsomeonewassingingreachedher,andcountlesssparrowsweretwitteringintheeaves).Therewerepatchesofblueskyshowinghereandtherethroughthecloudsthathadmetandpiledabovetheotherinthewestfacingherwindow.Shesatwithherheadthrownbackuponthecushionofthechair,quitemotionless,exceptwhenasobcameupintoherthroatandshookher,asachildwhohascrieditselftosleepcontinuestosobinitsdreams.Shewasyoung,withafair,calmface,whoselinesbespokerepressionandevenacertainstrength.Butnowtherewasadullstareinhereyes,whosegazewasfixedawayoffyonderononeofthosepatchesofbluesky.Itwasnotaglanceofreflection,butratherindicatedasuspensionofintelligentthought.Therewassomethingcomingtoherandshewaswaitingforit,fearfully.Whatwasit?Shedidnotknow;itwastoosubtleandelusivetoname.Butshefeltit,creepingoutofthesky,reachingtowardherthroughthesounds,thescents,thecolorthatfilledtheair.Nowherbosomroseandfelltumultuously.Shewasbeginningtorecognizethisthingthatwasapproachingtopossessher,andshewasstrivingtobeatitbackwithherwill-aspowerlessashertwowhiteslenderhandswouldhavebeen.Whensheabandonedherselfalittlewhisperedwordescapedherslightlypartedlips.Shesaiditoverandoverunderherbreath:"Free,free,free!"Thevacantstareandthelookofterrorthathadfolloweditwentfromhereyes.Theystayedkeenandbright.Herpulsesbeatfast,andthecoursingbloodwarmedandrelaxedeveryinchofherbody.Sheknewthatshewouldweepagainwhenshesawthekind,tenderhandsfoldedindeath;thefacethathadneverlookedsavewithloveuponher,fixedandgrayanddead.Butshesawbeyondthatbittermomentalongprocessionofyearstocomethatwouldbelongtoherabsolutely.Andsheopenedandspreadherarmsouttotheminwelcome.Therewouldbenoonetoliveforherduringthosecomingyears;shewouldliveforherself.Therewouldbenopowerfulwillbendingherinthatblindpersistencewithwhichmenandwomenbelievetheyhavearighttoimposeaprivatewilluponafellow-creature.Andyetshehadlovedhim-sometimes.Oftenshehadnot.Whatdiditmatter!Whatcouldlove,theunsolvedmystery,countforinfaceofthispossessionofself-assertion,whichshesuddenlyrecognizedasthestrongestimpulseofherbeing!“Free!Bodyandsoulftee!"shekeptwhispering.Josephinewaskneelingbeforethecloseddoorwithherlipstothekeyhole,imploringforadmission."Louise,openthedoor!Ibeg;openthedoor-youwillmakeyourselfill.Whatareyoudoing,Louise?Forheaven'ssakeopenthedoor.""Goaway.Iamnotmakingmyselfill."No;shewasdrinkinginaveryelixir(長生不老藥)oflifethroughthatopenwindow.Herfancywasrunningriotalongthosedaysaheadofher.Springdays,andsummerdays,andallsortsofdaysthatwouldbeherown.Shebreathedaquickprayerthatlifemightbelong.Itwasonlyyesterdayshehadthoughtwithashudderthatlifemightbelong.Shearoseatlengthandopenedthedoortohersister'simportunities.Therewasafeverishtriumphinhereyes,andshecarriedherselfunwittinglylikeagoddessofVictory.Sheclaspedhersister