醫(yī)學(xué)兒科詞匯表

醫(yī)學(xué)兒科詞匯表兒科學(xué)pediatrics兒童保健childcare疾病防治diseaseprevention營養(yǎng)基礎(chǔ)basalnutrition嬰兒喂養(yǎng)infants’feeding營養(yǎng)不良malnutrition小兒肥胖obesityinchildhood解剖anatomy：生理生化physiologyandbiochemistry：營養(yǎng)代謝nutritionandmetabolism：免疫immunity：病理pathology：疾病的種類varietyofdisease：臨床表現(xiàn)clinicalsituation：診斷diagnosis治療：treatment預(yù)后：prognosis預(yù)防：prevention胎兒期：fetalstage胚卵期ovigermstage胚胎期embryostage新生兒期：neonatalperiod臍帶omphalus足月兒terminfant早產(chǎn)兒premature過期產(chǎn)兒postterminfant圍產(chǎn)期perinatalstage嬰兒期：infancy幼兒期：toddlerperiod學(xué)齡期：schoolage青春期：adolescence遺傳inheritance：性別sex：內(nèi)分泌endocrine：孕母情況mother’scondition：營養(yǎng)nutrition：。生活環(huán)境livingenvironment：急性感染acuteinfection慢性疾病chronicdisease消化道疾病diseaseofdigestivetract內(nèi)分泌疾病endocrinedisease先天性疾病congenitaldisease體格生長：physiquegrowth攝入不足insufficiencyofintake胎糞排出excretionofmeconium水分丟失lossofmoist生長高峰summitofgrowth臥位clinostatasm站立位erectposition頭頂vertex恥骨聯(lián)合上緣superiormarginofpubicsymphysis恥骨聯(lián)合上緣superiormarginofpubicsymphysis足底sole臍nave頭圍：headcircumference胸圍：chestcircumference顱骨：cranium顱縫cranialsutures：前囟anteriorfontanel：后囟posterior：脊柱：rachis——生理彎曲的形成長骨：longbone干骺端metaphysis軟骨骨化cartilaginousossification骨膜下成骨subperiosteumossification乳牙deciduousteeth恒牙permanentteeth(乳牙)萌出eruption神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)nervoussystem脊髓spinalcord：運動發(fā)育：motordevelopment發(fā)音器官organsofvoicing聽覺senseofhearing大腦語言中樞cerebrallanguagecenter語言交流communication護理：nursing計劃免疫：plannedimmunity心理衛(wèi)生：mentalhealth生活習(xí)慣livinghabit：社會適應(yīng)能力socialadaptation：親情parent-childrelationship健康查體：physicalexamination隨訪follow-up戶外活動openfieldactivity：身體撫觸strokingmassage：窒息apnea：中毒intoxication外傷trauma預(yù)防接種：vaccination主動免疫activeimmunity：被動免疫passiveimmunity：預(yù)防接種vaccination小兒傳染病infectiousdisease卡介苗bacilluscalmette-guerinvaccine,bcgvaccine脊髓灰質(zhì)炎疫苗polimyelitisvaccine麻疹疫苗measlesvaccine百白破三聯(lián)疫苗pertussis-diphtheria-tetanustriplevaccine乙肝疫苗hepatitisbvaccine初種primaryvaccination：復(fù)種revaccination：不良反應(yīng)reaction：熱量的需要：caloricrequirement基礎(chǔ)代謝：basalmetabolism排泄excretion蛋白質(zhì)：protein碳水化合物：carbohydrate脂肪：fat維生素：vitamins水溶性維生素：water-solublevitamin脂溶性維生素：fat-solublevitamin礦物質(zhì)：mineral膳食纖維：dietaryfiber母乳喂養(yǎng)：breastfeeding母乳的成分：componentofmother’smilk免疫物質(zhì)：immunematerial免疫球蛋白：immunegloulin補體：complement乳鐵蛋白：lactoferrin溶菌酶：lysozyme雙歧因子：bifidusfactor細胞成分：componentsofcells慢性消耗性疾病：chronicconsumptions精神障礙：mentaldisorders急性傳染?。篴cuteinfectiousdiseases斷奶：weaning人工喂養(yǎng)：bottle-feeding稀釋：dilution加糖：addsugar煮沸：boiling定時定量：timeandrationedfeeding個體差異：individualdifference混合喂養(yǎng)mixedfeeding大小便：defecation代授法：breast-bottle-feeding補授法：supplementalfeeding輔食添加：theintroductionofsolidfood營養(yǎng)不良malnutrition代謝異常developmentalandmetabolicdisorder臨床分型：clinicaltyping消瘦型marasmusmalnutrition浮腫型edemamalnutrition消瘦－浮腫型marasmus—edemamalnutrition病因：etiologicalfactor攝入不足：deficiencyofintake輔食添加不及時：introductionofsolidfood飲食結(jié)構(gòu)不合理：incorrectcomponentsofdiet不良飲食習(xí)慣：badeatinghabit消化吸收障礙：disorderofdigestionandabsorption消化道先天畸形：congenitalanomalyofdigestivetract先天性代謝障礙：congenitaldysbolism消化功能紊亂：disorderofdigestivefunction需求增多：requirementincreases生長發(fā)育迅速的時期：theperiodwhenchildrengrowrapidly疾病恢復(fù)期：recoveryphaseofdiseases雙胎或多胎：twinsormultiplets早產(chǎn)：premature消耗性疾病consumptions病理生理：pathophysiology代謝異常：dysbolism體溫調(diào)節(jié)：thermoregulation機體各系統(tǒng)功能低下：incapacityofbodysystems消化系統(tǒng)：digestivesystem循環(huán)系統(tǒng)：circulatorysystem泌尿系統(tǒng)：urinarysystem神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)：nervoussystem免疫系統(tǒng)：immunesystem臨床表現(xiàn)：clinicalsituation皮下脂肪subcutaneousfat腹abdomen軀干trunk臀breech四肢extremities面頰cheeks皮膚skin干燥dehydration蒼白pale；肌肉muscles松弛laxity萎縮atrophy；精神狀態(tài)mentalstatus萎靡dispirited反應(yīng)差lowresponse；全身癥狀generalsymptoms并發(fā)癥：complication營養(yǎng)性貧血：nutritionalanemia各種維生素缺乏癥：variouskindsofavitaminosis感染：infections低血糖：hypoglycemia診斷標準：standardofdignosis分型：types分度：degrees實驗室檢查：laboratoryexamination鑒別診斷：differentialdiagnosis治療原則：therapeuticprinciple綜合治療comprehensivetreatment治療方法：therapeuticmethod積極治療原發(fā)病：curetheprimarydisease飲食治療：diettherapy藥物治療：drugtreatment支持治療：supportingtherapy危重癥處理：treatmentincrises度營養(yǎng)不良伴腹瀉時的治療severemalnutritioncompaniedbydiarrhea：營養(yǎng)不良性水腫的治療nutritionaledema：蛋白質(zhì)缺乏綜合癥（惡心營養(yǎng)不良綜合癥）kwashiorkor添加輔食：instructionofsolidfood睡眠充足：sufficientsleeping防治先天性疾病和小兒急性傳染?。簆reventionandtreatmentofcongenitaldiseasesandacuteinfectiousdiseases孕期保健與產(chǎn)前診斷：healthcareinpregnancyandprenataldiagnosis新生兒篩查：neonatalscreening治療先天性疾病：curecongenitaldiseases按時預(yù)防接種：vaccinationontime定期體格檢查：regularphysicalexamination營養(yǎng)障礙性疾病dystrophy病因及病理生理：etiologicalfactorandpathophysiology單純性肥胖：simpleobesity攝入過多：excessiveintake活動過少：lackofmovement家族遺傳：inheritance神經(jīng)、精神因素：nervousandmentalfactors繼發(fā)性