2021-2022學(xué)年上學(xué)期高一寒假鞏固練習(xí)4 限制性與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 學(xué)生版

練習(xí)4練習(xí)4?. .

1 ....限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別形式不同限制性定語(yǔ)從句主句和從句之間不用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，口語(yǔ)中使用時(shí)也不停頓；而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與主句之間通常有逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，口語(yǔ)中使用時(shí)有停頓。功能不同限制性定語(yǔ)從句用于對(duì)先行詞的意義進(jìn)行修飾、限制和識(shí)別，如果去掉，就會(huì)造成句意不完整或Peoplewhotakephysicalexerciselivelonger.進(jìn)行體育鍛煉的人活得長(zhǎng)些。（若把從句去掉句子就失去意義）Hisdaughter,whoisinBostonnow,iscominghomenext他女兒現(xiàn)在在波士頓，下星期回來(lái)。（若把從句去掉，句子意義仍然完整）翻譯不同句與主句分開(kāi)。Heisthemanwhosecarwasstolen.他就是汽車(chē)被竊的那個(gè)人。I'veinvitedJim,wholivesinthenext含義不同比較下面的兩個(gè)句子：Ihaveasisterwhoisadoctor,我有一個(gè)醫(yī)生的姐姐。（姐姐不止一個(gè)）Ihaveasister,whoisadoctor.我有一個(gè)姐姐，她是當(dāng)醫(yī)生的。（只有一個(gè)姐姐）先行詞不同限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞只能是名詞或代詞，而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞則可以是名詞或代詞,也可以是短語(yǔ)或句子；另外，當(dāng)先行詞為專(zhuān)有名詞或其他具有獨(dú)一無(wú)二性的普通名詞時(shí)，通常要用非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，而不用限制性定語(yǔ)從句。Peterdrovetoofast,whichwasdangerous.彼得開(kāi)車(chē)很快，這是很危險(xiǎn)。 （which指drivetoofast）buryvt.掩埋。故填：bury。ruins處于荒廢中，廢墟一片。故填：ruins□wellworth值得的。故填：wortho閱讀理解【答案】11.B12.A13.C14.D【解析】這是一篇記敘文。本文講述了作者一次旅行的特殊經(jīng)歷帶給作者的深思和感悟。考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段第一句 aUnfortunately,justasI tookoutmycamera,a approachedfrombehind,andplantedherselfrightinfrontofmyview.”可知作者正準(zhǔn)備拍照時(shí)，一位女士擋住了她的視野，選B?？疾榧?xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段的句子 “She seemedso content in her observation.”可知這位女可能玩兒的很開(kāi)心，選A。考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段的句子“AndnowwhenIlookatit,Ithinkherpresenceinthe photoiswhatmakestheimageinteresting.Thelandscape,beautifulonitsown,somehowcomestolifeandbreathesbecausethiswomanisengagingwithit.”可知照片兒中這位女士的存在，使得這張照片兒更C?？疾橥评砼袛唷８鶕?jù)第五段的句子 “Thisphoto,withtheuniquebeautythatunfoldedbeforemeandthatwomanwho“ruined”it,nowhangsonawallinmybedroom.”可知臥室墻上的照片兒能夠D。七選五【答案】15.F 16.B17.C18.D 19.E【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要向?qū)櫸镏魅私榻B一些如何與寵物生活的建議。|艮據(jù)上文“Becalm.Trytoalwaysbecalmwhendealingwithyourpets,whatevert hey'vedone.you5reupsetatthem,takeamomenttocalmyourselfdownfirst.（保持冷靜。不管你的寵物做了什么，都要保持冷靜。如果你對(duì)他們感到不安，先花點(diǎn)時(shí)間讓自己冷靜下來(lái)）”可知，本段主要說(shuō)明了要冷靜，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)中keepcalm對(duì)應(yīng)上文中calmyourselfdowno故F選項(xiàng)“深呼吸是保持冷靜的有效方法”符合語(yǔ)境，故選F。中艮據(jù)后"Setasidetimetopracticethese ruleswithyourpeteachday.Ifyourpetbreaksarule,usebodylanguagetoletthemknowitisnotokay. （每天抽出時(shí)間和你的寵物一起練習(xí)這些規(guī)則。果你的寵物違反了規(guī)則，用肢體語(yǔ)言讓他們知道這是不對(duì)的）”可知，后文提到了和寵物練習(xí)規(guī)則，B選項(xiàng)中rules對(duì)應(yīng)后文中theserules□故B選項(xiàng)"制定規(guī)則并堅(jiān)持執(zhí)行”符合語(yǔ)境，故選B?！癑ustbeinthesameroomwiththem.Letthembenearyouwhileyoumakedinner,watch TV or read a book. The more you're around one another, the better chances you have ofbecomingfriends.（你們?cè)谝黄鸬臅r(shí)間越長(zhǎng)，就越有可能成為朋友）”可知，后文提到了和寵物待在一個(gè)房間里，即C。根據(jù)上文 “Neveruseviolentactionsorlanguage.Ifyourpetdoessomethingyoudisagreewith,don'tphysicallyhurtthemorscreamatthem.（不要使用暴力行為或語(yǔ)言。如果你的寵物做了一些你不同意的事情，不要傷害它們或?qū)λ鼈兗饨校币约昂笪膚hatyoureallywantisnottheirfearbutlove.（然而，你真正想要的不是它們的恐懼，而是愛(ài)）”可知，上文提到不要使用暴力行或語(yǔ)言，后文則提到了寵物的恐懼，可知傷害寵物會(huì)讓寵物恐懼。故 D選項(xiàng)“傷害它們會(huì)使它們害怕”符合語(yǔ)境，故選D。根據(jù)上文“Seetheworldthroughyourpefseyes.Beempathetic （設(shè)身處地的）whendealingwithyourpet.Youdon'tknowwhafsgoingoninitsmind.Soifsbesttotrytoreaditsbodylanguageandimaginewhatitmustbegoingthrough.（通過(guò)寵物的眼睛看世界。和寵物相處時(shí)要有同理心。你不知道它在想什么。所以最好試著讀懂它的肢體語(yǔ)言，想象它正在經(jīng)歷什么）”可知，本段為文章最后一段，結(jié)合上文介紹了與寵物相處的方法，可知本段再次呼應(yīng)主題，指出通過(guò)這些方法來(lái)好好地對(duì)待寵物。故E選項(xiàng)“通過(guò)這些方法，你可以盡可能好地對(duì)待它”符合語(yǔ)境，故選E。完形填空【答案】20-24ABDDB 25-29AABDC30-34ACBCD【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了在疫情爆發(fā)期間， Zachariah和他的父親在花園種植作物，一方面幫助了其他家庭，另一方面也改變了Zachariah的人生方向?？疾槊~詞義辨析。句意：但這也幫助了他們的鄰居，并可能改變了他的人生方向。A.neighbors鄰居；B.teacher教師；C?colleagues同事；D.employees"20otherfamiliesintheircommunity."A項(xiàng)?？疾槊~詞義辨析。句意：但這也幫助了他們的鄰居，并可能改變他的人生方向。 A.attitude態(tài)度；B.direction方向；C? experience經(jīng)歷；D.quality質(zhì)量。根據(jù)下文“as an teacherv可知Zachariah是名老師，再根據(jù)最后一段 uconsideringa（n）profession:farming^可知他在考慮農(nóng)業(yè)，所以此表示改變了Zachariah的人生方向。故選B項(xiàng)?？疾閯?dòng)詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。句意：隨著疫情的爆發(fā)，該地區(qū)的食品商店里什么也沒(méi)有了。 breakingin破門(mén)而入；B.dyingoff相繼死亡；C.runningaway逃跑；D.breakingout爆發(fā)。根據(jù)下文“Placesthatsoldplantsforgardeningwereclosed.Peoplehadnoenoughvegetablestoeat.”可矢日此處指的是疫情暴發(fā)?！癰reakout”語(yǔ)義是“暴發(fā)”。故選D項(xiàng)?？疾樾稳菰~詞義辨析。句意：隨著疫情的爆發(fā)，該地區(qū)的食品商店里什么也沒(méi)有了 crowded擁擠的；B.clean干凈的；C.full滿的；D.emptyPeoplehadnoenoughvegetablestoeat.”D項(xiàng)?？疾閯?dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：撒迦利亞和他父親就收集各樣瓜果蔬菜的種子，種在園子的土地里。A.bought買(mǎi)；B.collected收集；C.planted種植；D.ate吃。根據(jù)上文uPlacesthatsoldfor gardening were closed.”可知賣(mài)種植作物的商店關(guān)門(mén)了 ,所以此處表示 Zachariah和他的父親從他們能發(fā)現(xiàn)的蔬菜與水果中收集種子。故選B項(xiàng)?？疾槊~詞義辨析。句意：撒迦利亞和他父親就收集各樣瓜果蔬菜的種子，種在園子的土地里。A.landB.wallC.roofD.grass“plant”可知，表示種A項(xiàng)?？疾槊~詞義辨析。句意：他們還觀看了YouTubeA.gardeningB.teaching教學(xué);C.cooking烹飪;D.singing唱歌。此處A項(xiàng)?？疾閯?dòng)詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。句意：他們還觀看了YouTube視頻來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)園藝，并記住了撒迦利亞A.foundout找出；B.passeddown傳遞，傳承；C.searchedfor搜尋；D.for“remembered與"Zachariah'sgrandfatherv可知此處表示他們想起了ZachariahB項(xiàng)。20個(gè)家oA.transport運(yùn)輸；B.praise贊揚(yáng)；C.surpriseD.feed“Peoplehadnoenoughvegetablestoeat.”20個(gè)家庭。D項(xiàng)?？疾閯?dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他想知道為什么威爾士的蔬菜比家鄉(xiāng)的蔬菜更好吃。 A.doubted懷疑；B.checked核對(duì)；C.wondered想知道;D.acquired要求。根據(jù)“whythefoodheateinWaleswasbetterthanthefoodheateathome.” 可知，他想知道為什么威爾士的蔬菜比家鄉(xiāng)的蔬菜更好吃故選C項(xiàng)。A.fresher更新鮮的；B.bigger更大的；C.cheaper更便宜的；D.heavier“Itcamefromlocalfarms31andwasnottreatedwithchemicals."A項(xiàng)。A.graduallyB.suddenly突然地；C.directly直接地；D.occasionally“thefoodheateinWaleswasbetterthanthefoodheateathome.C項(xiàng)。oA.old舊的；B.new新的；C.strange陌生的；D.ordinary普通的。根據(jù)上“changethe ofhislife”可,表B項(xiàng)。A.difficulty困難；B.habit習(xí)慣；C.jobD.change"professiov可知，這將是他未來(lái)的工作。故選C項(xiàng)。A.shocked震驚的；B.embarrassed尷尬的；C.confused困惑的；D.happy“helpingothersandbeinginnaturenow."ZachariahD項(xiàng)。Mr.Smith,whoisourboss,willleaveforJapannext我們的老板史密斯先生下周要去日本。（行詞為專(zhuān)有名詞，要用非限制性定語(yǔ)從句修飾）非限制性定語(yǔ)從句注意事項(xiàng)whyforwhichwhyIhadtoldthemanagerthereason,forwhichIdidn'tattendthe此我沒(méi)有去開(kāi)會(huì)。IhadtoldthemanagerthereasonwhyIdidn'tattendthe我告訴了經(jīng)理我不去開(kāi)會(huì)的理由。（限制性性定語(yǔ)從句）非限制性定語(yǔ)從句置于句首時(shí)，不能用which引導(dǎo)。關(guān)系代詞as比較靈活，可以放主句前，句中，也可以放主句后。Asyouexpected,hedidn'tbelieveHeheardaterriblenoise,whichbroughthisheartintohismouth.他聽(tīng)到一個(gè)可怕的聲音，這讓他的心都提到嗓子眼了。which或Heboughtthecarformorethan$20,000,withwhichhismotherwasangry.他花兩萬(wàn)多美元買(mǎi)了這輛車(chē)，他母親對(duì)此很生氣。練習(xí)題：填寫(xiě)恰當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞11.Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberof因素）,mostof beyondourcontrol.11.TheywillflytoWashington, theyplantostayfortwoorthreedays.Hismoviewonseveralawardsatthefilmfestival, wasbeyondhiswildestdream.Lastweek,onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse,neitherwantedtobuyit.Today,we'lldiscussanumberofcases beginnersofEnglishfailtousetheproperly.Lookout!Don'tgettooclosetothehouse roofisunderrepair.Lastmonth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloods,from effectsthepeoplestillsuffering.Jimpassedthedrivingtest, surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily,Alexisalwayslongingfortheheshouldabletobeindependent.—HaveyoueverseentheTVprogramRunningMan?—Yes.It'sthebestprogram Ihaveseeninthepastfewmonths.【答案】11.which12.where13.which14.whom15.where/inwhich16. whose17.whose18.which19.when20.that【解析】11.考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。句意：植物的生長(zhǎng)速度受多種因素的影響，其中大多數(shù)因素超出了我們的控制。分析句子可知，本句是定語(yǔ)從句，其中的 factors是先行詞，在定語(yǔ)從中作of的賓語(yǔ)，指物要用which,故填whicho考查定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系副詞。句意：他們將飛往華盛頓，計(jì)劃在那里停留兩三天。分析句子可知，本句是定語(yǔ)從句，其中的 Washington是先行詞，在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，表示地點(diǎn)要用 where,填where0考查定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞。句意：他的電影在電影節(jié)上獲得了好幾個(gè)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)，這是他難以想象的。分析句子可知，本句是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，本空格指代前面的一個(gè)句子“他的電影在電影節(jié)上獲得了好幾個(gè)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)”這件事，修飾前面的一整個(gè)句子可用which,故填whichotwopeople,neitherofwhom?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞。句意：今天，我們將討論一些英語(yǔ)初學(xué)者不能正確使用該語(yǔ)言的情形。分析句子可知，句中的先行詞為 anumberofcases,在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)，作為抽象的地可用where,也可用inwhich,故填where/inwhicho考查定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞。句意：小心！不要離正在維修的房子的屋頂太近。分析句子可知，thehouse,thehouseroofwhose0考查定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞。句意：上個(gè)月，東南亞部分地區(qū)遭受了洪水襲擊，現(xiàn)在人們?nèi)栽谑芎樗挠绊?。分析句子可知，句中?flood是先行詞，在從句中作 effects的定語(yǔ)，作定語(yǔ)要whose,故填whoseo考查定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞。句意：吉姆通過(guò)了駕駛考試，這讓辦公室里的每個(gè)人都感到驚訝。分析句子可知，本空指代前面的“吉姆通過(guò)了駕駛考試”這件事，指代前面的整個(gè)句子要用whichothetimewhen。thebestprogrambest,that,that。寒假集訓(xùn)。經(jīng)典集訓(xùn)Theyaskedaboutthethingsandteachers theystillrememberedintheschool.Willyoupleaseshowmethewaytotheonlytallbuilding standsnearthepostoffice?Doyouworknearthebuilding colourisyellow?Hehasmadeawonderfuldiscovery, Ithinkisofgreatimportancetoscience.。鞏固集訓(xùn)

單詞默背ThisTVseriesis （針對(duì)）speciallyatteenagersaged13to18.Themanagergotpromotedashecompletedtheprojectwellwithin （預(yù)算）.Largeaudienceswere （I）tothefilm"TheWanderingEarth”,whichturnedoutabox-officehit.ItwasaclosegameinwhichtheKangaroos （才丁平）withtheEaglesinthefirstfinal.Whattimewoulditbe （方便的）formetocomeovertopickyouupforthemeeting?A$1,500 （獎(jiǎng)金）hasbeenofferedforthereturnofthenecklace.Theyshouldhavepaidmoreattentionto （質(zhì)量）.Thearmyorganizedteamstob thedead.Thewholecitylayin （廢墟）aftertheearthquake.10.1agreethatthebookiswell

（值得的）reading.閱讀理解Fifteenyearsago,ItookasummervacationinLecceinsouthernItaly.Afterclimbingupahillforapanoramic（全景的）viewofthebluesea,whitebuildingsandgreenolivetrees,Ipausedtocatchbreathandthenpositionedmyselftotakethebestphotoofthispanorama.Unfortunately,justasItookoutmycamera,awomanapproachedfrombehind,andplantedrightinfrontofmyview.Likeme,thiswomanwasheretostop,sighandappreciatetheview.PatientasIwas, afterabout15minutes,mycamerascanningthesun andreviewingtheshotIwouldeventuallytake,Igrewfrustrated.WasittoomuchtoaskhertomovesoIcouldtakejustpictureofthelandscape?Sure,Icouldhaveaskedher,butsomethingpreventedmefromdoingso.Sheseemedsocontentinherobservation.Ididn'twanttomesswiththat.Another15minutespassedandIgrewbored.Thewomanwasstillthere.Idecidedtotakethephotoanyway.AndnowwhenIlookatit,Ithinkherpresenceinthephotoiswhatmakestheimageinteresting.Thelandscape,beautifulonitsown,somehowcomestolifeandbreathesbecausewomanisengagingwithit.Thisphoto,withtheuniquebeautythatunfoldedbeforemeandthatwomanwho"ruined"it,nowhangsonawallinmybedroom.Whatwouldshethinkifsheknewthatherfigureiscaptured （捕捉andfrozenonsomestranger'sbedroomwall?Abedroom,afterall,isaveryprivatespace,inwhichsomewomanIdon'tevenknowhasbeenimmortalized（）.Insomeways,shelivesinmyhouse.Perhapsweallliveineachothers'spaces.Perhapsthisiswhatphotosarefor:toremindusthatweallappreciatebeauty,thatweallshareacommondesireforpleasure,forconnection,forsomethingisgreaterthanus.That photo is a reminder, a captured moment, an unspoken conversation between two separatedonlybyathinsquareofglass.Whathappenedwhentheauthorwasabouttotakeaphoto?Hercamerastoppedworking.Awomanblockedherview.Someoneaskedhertoleave.Afriendapproachedfrombehind.Accordingtotheauthor,thewomanwasprobably .enjoyingherselflosingherpatiencewaitingforthesunsetthinkingaboutherpastIntheauthor'sopinion,whatmakesthephotosoalive?Therichcolorofthelandscape.Theperfectpositioningofthecamera.Thewoman'sexistenceinthephoto.Thesoftsunlightthatsummerday.Thephotoonthebedroomwallenablestheauthortobetterunderstand .theneedtobeclosetonaturetheimportanceofprivatespacethejoyofthevacationinItalythesharedpassionforbeauty七選五根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Living with an animal is like living with a human friend. Here are some suggestions for a owner.Be calm.Try to alwaysbe calmwhen dealing with your pets, whatever they've done. If upsetatthem,takeamomenttocalmyourselfdownfirst. 15 Alsomakeyourmovementsgentleandslow.Betheboss. 16 Setasidetimetopracticetheseruleswithyourpeteachday.Ifyourbreaksarule,usebodylanguagetoletthemknowitisnotokay. 17 Justbeinthesameroomwiththem.Letthembenearyouwhileyoumakedinner,watchTV or read a book. The moreyou're around one another,the betterchances you have of friends.Never use violent actions or language. If your pet does something you disagree with, physicallyhurtthemorscreamatthem. 18 However,whatyoureallywantisnottheirfearbutlove.Seetheworldthroughyourpet'seyes.Beempathetic（設(shè)身處土也白勺）whendealingwithyourYoudon'tknowwhat'sgoingoninitsmind.Soit'sbesttotrytoreaditsbodylanguageandimaginewhatitmustbegoingthrough.19Bepatient.Setrulesandsticktothem.Staywithyourpetsoften.Hurtingthemwillmakethemlikelytofear.Inthesewaysyoucantreatitaswellaspossible.Takingadeepbreathisausefulwaytokeepcalm.Bodylanguageisdifferentdependingontheanimals.完形填空ThegardenthatSijoZachariahandhisfatherplantedmadesuretheirfamilyhadfoodtoeat.Butalsohelpedtheir 20 andwaslikelytochangethe 21 ofhislife.Withthepandemic（疫'清）22 ,foodstoresintheareawerenearly 23 .Placesthatsoldplantsforgardeningwereclosed.Peoplehadnoenoughvegetablestoeat.SoZachariahandhisfather24seedsfromwhateverfruitsandvegetablestheycouldfindtoplantonthe 25oftheahoftes2ntrtintould help 28 20 other intheircommunity.Zachariahcametolearnthatfarmingshouldworkwithnatureinsteadoftryingtocontroltheland.Inthepast,ZachariahworkedinWalesinBritainasanteacher.He 29 whythefoodheateinWaleswasbetterthanthefoodheateathome.Zachariahrealizedthatthefoodwas 30 .camefromlocalfarms 31 andwasnottreatedwithchemicals.Zachariahisnowconsideringa(n) 32 profes