2017年全國(guó)碩士研究生招生考試英語(yǔ)(一)真題及答案

2017年全國(guó)碩士研究生招生考試英語(yǔ)(一)真題及答案（江南博哥）材料題根據(jù)以下材料，回答1-20題Couldahugadaykeepthedoctoraway?Theanswermaybearesounding"'yes！"

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helpingyoufeelcloseand

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topeopleyoucareabout,itturnsoutthathugscanbringa3

ofhealthbenefitstoyourbodyandmind.Believeitornot,awarmembracemightevenhelpyou

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gettingsickthiswinter.Inarecentstudy

5over400healthyadults,researchersfromCarnegieMellonUniversityinPennsylvaniaexaminedtheeffectsofperceivedsocialsupportandthereceiptofhugs6

theparticipants'susceptibilitytodevelopingthecommoncoldafterbeing7

tothevirus.Peoplewhoperceivedgreatersocialsupportwerelesslikelytocome

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withacold,andtheresearchers

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thatthestress-reducingeffectsofhugging

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about32percentofthatbeneficialeffect.11amongthosewhogotacold,theoneswhofeltgreatersocialsupportandreceivedmorefrequenthugshadlesssevere

12."Huggingprotectspeoplewhoareunderstressfromthe

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riskforcoldsthat'susually

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withstress,"notesSheldonCohen,aprofessorofpsychologyatCarnegie.Hugging"isamarkerofintimacyandhelps

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thefeelingthatothersaretheretohelp16

difficulty."Someexperts

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thestress-reducing,health-relatedbenefitsofhuggingtothereleaseofoxytocin,oftencalled"thebondinghormone"

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itpromotesattachmentinrelationships,includingthatbetweenmothersandtheirnewbornbabies.Oxytocinismadeprimarilyinthecentrallowerpartofthebrain,andsomeofitisreleasedintothebloodstream.Butsomeofit

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inthebrain,whereit

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mood,behaviorandphysiology.1

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第1題選擇是______.A.UnlikeB.BesidesC.DespiteD.Throughout正確答案：B參考解析：根據(jù)本句句內(nèi)邏輯關(guān)系，后半句“itturnsoutthathugs…”說明擁抱還有其他積極的作用。因前半句的邏輯關(guān)系應(yīng)該為“除此以外”，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，Besides“除此之外”最為合適，故選B。2

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第2題選擇是_____.A.connectedB.restrictedC.equalD.inferior正確答案：A參考解析：根據(jù)句子前后結(jié)構(gòu)“helpingyoufeelcloseand_____”，我們可以判斷，由于空格處與前面內(nèi)容通過and連接，說明我們要選擇一個(gè)單詞與feelclose同義，并且要與后面介詞to連用。分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng)含義，A項(xiàng)有“關(guān)聯(lián)的”含義最為符合，故選A。3

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第3題選擇是______.A.choiceB.view

C.lessonD.host正確答案：D參考解析：此題為固定搭配?？崭袼诓糠趾鬄閺?fù)數(shù)形式(healthbenefits)，因此空格處在語(yǔ)法上必須能夠接復(fù)數(shù)，選項(xiàng)中符合要求的只有host，“ahostof”表示大量的，故選D。其他選項(xiàng)搭配不合理。4

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第4題選擇是____.A.recallB.forgetC.avoidD.keep正確答案：C參考解析：根據(jù)題干信息“awarmembracemightevenhelpyou_____gettingsickthiswinter．”中，出現(xiàn)“even”，表示“甚至”，說明此句話與上一句話存在遞進(jìn)的邏輯關(guān)系。上一句話的語(yǔ)義表示“擁抱可以給身心帶來(lái)大量的好處”。因此，這句話也應(yīng)該表示擁抱的好處。根據(jù)四個(gè)選項(xiàng)含義，avoid“避免”，forget“忘記”，recall“回憶”，keep“保持”?？芍狢項(xiàng)“避免”最符合文意，即避免生病，故選C。5

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第5題選擇是______.A.collectingB.involvingC.guidingD.affecting正確答案：B參考解析：本題考查現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語(yǔ)，需要選擇一個(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞修飾前面的“study”。因此結(jié)合四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，collecting“收集”，affecting“影響”，guiding“引導(dǎo)”，involving“涉及，加入”。根據(jù)句子含義，應(yīng)該表達(dá)“關(guān)于涉及400人的研究”，故選B。6

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第6題選擇是_____.A.of

B.in

C.at

D.on正確答案：D參考解析：本題為固定搭配。根據(jù)“examinedtheeffectsofperceivedsocialsupportandthereceiptofhugs_______theparticipants’susceptibility…”可知是考查固定搭配“examinedtheeffects…onsth．”。因此正確答案為A。7

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第7題選擇是_____.A.devotedB.exposedC.lost

D.attracted正確答案：B參考解析：根據(jù)“commoncoldafterbeing____tothevirus．”(通常感冒是在_____細(xì)菌之后發(fā)生的)，再結(jié)合選項(xiàng)含義devoted“致力于”，attracted“吸引”，lost“丟失”，exposed“暴露于”。可知D項(xiàng)“暴露于細(xì)菌中……”符合文意。因此正確答案為B。8

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第8題選擇是______.A.acrossB.along

C.downD.out正確答案：C參考解析：本題為固定搭配。comealongwith“和……一起，隨同”，comeacrosswith“償付”，comedownwith“得病，感染”，comeoutwith“出版，提出”。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，根據(jù)后面與cold“感冒”搭配，C項(xiàng)符合要求，表示“得感冒”。因此正確答案為c。9

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第9題選擇是______.A.calculatedB.deniedC.doubtedD.imagined正確答案：A參考解析：根據(jù)原文“theresearchers_______thatthestress-reducingeffectsofhugging_______about32percentofthatbeneficialeffect．”可知?jiǎng)幼鞯闹髡Z(yǔ)是“研究人員”，連接后面的賓語(yǔ)從句“擁抱減小壓力的作用”，并且有數(shù)據(jù)支撐。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，imagined“想象”，denied“否認(rèn)”，doubted“懷疑”，calculated“計(jì)算，推測(cè)”來(lái)看，賓語(yǔ)從句部分應(yīng)為研究人員計(jì)算推測(cè)出的結(jié)果。因此A項(xiàng)符合要求。10

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第10題選擇是_____.A.servedB.requiredC.restoredD.explained正確答案：D參考解析：根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，“thestress-reducingeffectsofhugging____about32percentofthatbeneficialeffect．”本題同樣考查研究人員得出的研究結(jié)果，因此結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，served“服務(wù)”，restored“存儲(chǔ)”，explained“解釋”，required“要求”，D項(xiàng)“解釋”符合語(yǔ)境要求。因此正確答案為D。11

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第11題選擇是______.A.EvenB.Still

C.RatherD.Thus正確答案：A參考解析：Thus“因此，表示因果關(guān)系”，Still“仍然，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)關(guān)系”，Rather“相反，表示對(duì)比關(guān)系”，Even“甚至，表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系”。根據(jù)文章上下文邏輯，下文是對(duì)上文做進(jìn)一步說明，因此選擇表遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的詞比較符合邏輯。因此正確答案為A。12

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第12題選擇是______.A.defeatsB.symptomsC.testsD.errors正確答案：B參考解析：形容詞與名詞搭配問題。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境“theoneswhofeltgreatersocialsupportandreceivedmorefrequenthugshadlesssevere_____”可知所選詞要與severe構(gòu)成合理搭配，再結(jié)合前文語(yǔ)境是關(guān)于對(duì)于擁抱實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果。因此，symptoms“癥狀”符合語(yǔ)境要求。正確答案為B。13

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第13題選擇是______.A.minimizedB.highlightedC.controlledD.increased正確答案：D參考解析：本題考查形容詞。根據(jù)原文“Huggingprotectspeoplewhoareunderstressfromthe_______riskforcoldsthat’Susually______withstress，”可知需要選擇一個(gè)形容詞來(lái)修飾risk。再結(jié)合常識(shí)“壓力大的人患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)相對(duì)較高”。在選項(xiàng)中，highlighted“突出的”，increased“增加的”，controlled“被控制的”，minimized“最小的”。對(duì)比選項(xiàng)含義，“增加的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”更符合原文語(yǔ)境。因此正確答案為D。14

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第14題選擇是_____.A.equippedB.associatedC.presentedD.compared正確答案：B參考解析：此題為固定搭配題。A、B項(xiàng)不可以和with連接。associated可以和with連接，意為“與……有關(guān)聯(lián)”。compared和with連接表示“和……相比”，不符合文章題意要求。因此正確答案為B。15

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第15題選擇是____.A.assessB.moderateC.generateD.record正確答案：C參考解析：此題考查動(dòng)賓搭配。根據(jù)原文“Huggingisamarkerofintimacyandhelps_____thefeeling…”，需要選擇一個(gè)動(dòng)詞能夠和后文的“thefeeling”搭配。assess“評(píng)估”，generate“產(chǎn)生”，moderate“緩和”，record“記錄”。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有B項(xiàng)符合要求，“generatethefeeling”產(chǎn)生感覺。因此選C。16

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第16題選擇是_____.A.inthefaceofB.intheformofC.inthewayofD.inthenameof正確答案：A參考解析：此題為短語(yǔ)搭配題。分析選項(xiàng)含義，inthenameof“以……的名義”，intheformof“以……的形式”，inthefaceof“面對(duì)……”，inthewayof“以……的方式”。結(jié)合文章語(yǔ)境，“面對(duì)困難”搭配最合理。因此正確答案為A。17

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第17題選擇是____.A.transferB.commitC.attributeD.return正確答案：C參考解析：此題為固定搭配題，即attributesthtosth．“把……歸功于……”。因此正確答案為C。18

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第18題選擇是_____.A.becauseB.unlessC.thoughD.until正確答案：A參考解析：此題考查邏輯關(guān)系。unless“除非”，because“因?yàn)椤?，though“雖然”，until“直到……才”。結(jié)合原文語(yǔ)境，“oftencalled‘thebondinghormone'_______itpromotesattachmentinrelationships，”意為“經(jīng)常被稱之為‘形成親密關(guān)系的荷爾蒙’,______它促進(jìn)了關(guān)系的依賴?！睆谋揪鋪?lái)看，前后文屬于因果邏輯關(guān)系。因此正確答案為A。19

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第19題選擇是______.A.emergesB.vanishesC.remainsD.decreases正確答案：C參考解析：本題考查動(dòng)詞辨析。remains“仍然”，emerges“出現(xiàn)”，vanishes“消失”，decreases“減少”。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境信息“Butsomeofit_____inthebrain，”可知B、D項(xiàng)與文意相反。而A項(xiàng)只表示一種動(dòng)作。c項(xiàng)表示它仍然在大腦里存在，最符合文章要求。因此正確答案為c。20

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第20題選擇是____.A.experiencesB.combinesC.justifiesD.influences正確答案：D參考解析：本題考查動(dòng)詞辨析。experiences“經(jīng)歷”，combines“結(jié)合”，justifies“替某人辯護(hù)，證明合理”，influences“影響”。根據(jù)原文語(yǔ)境中的“whereit______mood，behaviorandphysiology．”可知能夠搭配后面并列的三個(gè)賓語(yǔ)“情緒、行為和生理”，只有D項(xiàng)“影響”符合要求。因此正確答案為D。材料題根據(jù)以下材料，回答21-25題Firsttwohours,nowthreehours—thisishowfarinadvanceauthoritiesarerecommendingpeopleshowuptocatchadomesticflight,atleastatsomemajorU.S.airportswithincreasinglymassivesecuritylines.Americansarewillingtotoleratetime-consumingsecurityproceduresinreturnforincreasedsafety.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804,whichterroristsmayhavedownedovertheMediterraneanSea,providesanothertragicreminderofwhy.Butdemandingtoomuchofairtravelersorprovidingtoolittlesecurityinreturnunderminespublicsupportfortheprocess.Anditshould:WastedtimeisadragonAmericans'economicandprivatelives,nottomentioninfuriating.Lastyear,theTransportationSecurityAdministration(TSA)foundinasecretcheckthatundercoverinvestigatorswereabletosneakweapons—bothfakeandreal—pastairportsecuritynearlyeverytimetheytried.Enhancedsecuritymeasuressincethen,combinedwithariseinairlinetravelduetotheimprovingeconomyandlowoilprices,haveresultedinlongwaitsatmajorairportssuchasChicago'sO'HareInternational.Itisnotyetclearhowmuchmoreeffectiveairlinesecurityhasbecome—butthelinesareobvious.Partoftheissueisthatthegovernmentdidnotanticipatethesteepincreaseinairlinetravel,sotheTSAisnowrushingtogetnewscreenersontheline.Partoftheissueisthatairportshaveonlysomuchroomforscreeninglanes.Anotherfactormaybethatmorepeoplearetryingtooverpacktheircarry-onbagstoavoidchecked-baggagefees,thoughtheairlinesstronglydisputethis.ThereisonesteptheTSAcouldtakethatwouldnotrequireremodelingairportsorrushingtohire:EnrollmorepeopleinthePreCheckprogram.PreCheckissupposedtobeawin-winfortravelersandtheTSA.Passengerswhopassabackgroundcheckareeligibletouseexpeditedscreeninglanes.ThisallowstheTSAtofocusontravelerswhoarehigherrisk,savingtimeforeveryoneinvolved.TheTSAwantstoenroll25millionpeopleinPreCheck.Ithasnotgottenanywhereclosetothat,andonebigreasonisstickershock:Passengersmustpay$85everyfiveyearstoprocesstheirbackgroundchecks.Sincethebeginning,thispricetaghasbeenPreCheck'sfatalflaw.Upcomingreformsmightbringthepricetoamorereasonablelevel.ButCongressshouldlookintodoingsodirectly,byhelpingtofinancePreCheckenrollmentortocutcostsinotherways.TheTSAcannotcontinuedivertingresourcesintounderusedPreChecklaneswhilemostofthetravelingpublicsuffersinunnecessarylines.Itislongpasttimetomaketheprogramwork.21

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ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804ismentionedto_____.A.explainAmerican'stoleranceofcurrentsecuritychecks.B.stresstheurgencytostrengthensecurityworldwide.C.highlightthenecessityofupgradingmajorU.S.airports.D.emphasizetheimportanceofprivacyprotection.正確答案：A參考解析：根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804定位到第二段第二句。例證題中的例子為論據(jù)，所要找的答案為論點(diǎn)，而論點(diǎn)在論據(jù)之前，因而該題目的答案是第二段的第一句話。第二段首句說的是美國(guó)人愿意忍受長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的安全檢查以換取更多安全。正確答案A項(xiàng)的Americans’tolerance是原文Americansarewillingtotolerate的原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，currentsecuritychecks是原文的time．consumingsecurity的同義轉(zhuǎn)換。干擾項(xiàng)B的urgencytostrengthensecurityworldwide，原文未提及worldwide，屬于擴(kuò)大范圍；C項(xiàng)的majorU．S．a(chǎn)irports屬于具體信息的干擾；D項(xiàng)的privacy與原文無(wú)關(guān)，是常識(shí)性干擾。22

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Whichofthefollowingcontributestolongwaitsatmajorairports?A.Newrestrictionsoncarry-onbags.B.ThedecliningefficiencyoftheTSA.C.Anincreaseinthenumberoftravelers.D.Frequentunexpectedsecretchecks.正確答案：C參考解析：根據(jù)題干中的longwaitsatmajorairports定位到原文第三段的第二句，原文的resultedin與題干中的contributesto是同義轉(zhuǎn)化，所以定位內(nèi)容就是提升的安全措施以及航空旅游的增加。正確答案C項(xiàng)的Anincreaseinthenumberoftravelers是原文ariseinairlinetravel的同義替換。干擾項(xiàng)A的carryonbags是在第四段的最后一句出現(xiàn)的，非定位句內(nèi)容；干擾項(xiàng)B的TSAefficiency也出現(xiàn)在第四段；D項(xiàng)的unexpectedsecretchecks未提及。23

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Theword"expedited"(Line4,Para.5)isclosestinmeaningto_____.A.quieter.B.cheaper.C.wider.D.faster.正確答案：D參考解析：根據(jù)題干，定位到第五段第三句，“Passengerswhopassabackgroundcheckareeligibletouseexpeditedscreeninglanes．”，結(jié)合下一句中的savingtimeforeveryoneinvolved，即可以節(jié)省時(shí)間的安檢，與選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)就是選項(xiàng)faster(更快)。干擾項(xiàng)A“更安靜”，B項(xiàng)“更便宜”，C項(xiàng)“更廣泛”，屬于常識(shí)性干擾。24

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OneproblemwiththePreCheckprogramis_____.A.adramaticreductionofitsscale.B.itswrongly-directedimplementation.C.thegovernment'sreluctancetobackit.D.anunreasonablepriceforenrollment.正確答案：D參考解析：具體細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞problemwiththePreCheckprogram定位到文章倒數(shù)第二段的第三句話“…thispricetaghasbeenthePreCheck’sfatalflaw”可知，本句中的代詞this指代本段第二句話，即乘客必須每五年繳納85美元才能進(jìn)行背景調(diào)查。D項(xiàng)中的anunreasonablepriceforenrollment說明了第六段中指出的問題“預(yù)檢計(jì)劃標(biāo)價(jià)過高”，符合文意。干擾項(xiàng)A“其規(guī)模的急劇下滑”未提及，B項(xiàng)“其錯(cuò)誤的執(zhí)行”屬于過度推理，C項(xiàng)“政府不愿意支持”是對(duì)原文的曲解。25

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Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.LessScreeningforMoreSafetyB.PreCheck-aBelatedSolutionC.GettingStuckinSecurityLinesD.UnderusedPreCheckLanes正確答案：C參考解析：主旨題。第一段介紹事實(shí)背景，提出問題“機(jī)場(chǎng)安檢越來(lái)越費(fèi)時(shí)”；第二段首句指出了美國(guó)人對(duì)于安全檢查方面的態(tài)度，并在下文提及了所出現(xiàn)的問題造成的影響。正確答案C“安檢流程線陷入困境”是對(duì)原文的總結(jié)概括。干擾項(xiàng)A的Screening是原文的具體細(xì)節(jié)，B項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)的PreCheck是原文最后三段的內(nèi)容。材料題根據(jù)以下材料，回答26-30題"TheancientHawaiianswereastronomers,"wroteQueenLiliuokalani,Hawaii'slastreigningmonarch,in1897.StarwatcherswereamongthemostesteemedmembersofHawaiiansociety.Sadly,allisnotwellwithastronomyinHawaiitoday.ProtestshaveeruptedoverconstructionoftheThirtyMeterTelescope(TMT),agiantobservatorythatpromisestorevolutionizehumanity'sviewofthecosmos.AtissueistheTMT'splannedlocationonMaunaKea,adormantvolcanoworshipedbysomeHawaiiansasthepiko,thatconnectstheHawaiianIslandstotheheavens.ButMaunaKeaisalsohometosomeoftheworld'smostpowerfultelescopes.RestedinthePacificOcean,MaunaKea'speakrisesabovethebulkofourplanet'sdenseatmosphere,whereconditionsallowtelescopestoobtainimagesofunsurpassedclarity.OppositiontotelescopesonMaunaKeaisnothingnew.AsmallbutvocalgroupofHawaiiansandenvironmentalistshavelongviewedtheirpresenceasdisrespectforsacredlandandapainfulreminderoftheoccupationofwhatwasonceasovereignnation.Someblameforthecurrentcontroversybelongstoastronomers.Intheireagernesstobuildbiggertelescopes,theyforgotthatscienceisnottheonlywayofunderstandingtheworld.TheydidnotalwaysprioritizetheprotectionofMaunaKea'sfragileecosystemsoritsholinesstotheisland'sinhabitants.Hawaiiancultureisnotarelicofthepast;itisalivingcultureundergoingarenaissancetoday.Yetsciencehasaculturalhistory,too,withrootsgoingbacktothedawnofcivilization.ThesamecuriositytofindwhatliesbeyondthehorizonthatfirstbroughtearlyPolynesianstoHawaii'sshoresinspiresastronomerstodaytoexploretheheavens.CallstodisassemblealltelescopesonMaunaKeaortobanfuturedevelopmentthereignoretherealitythatastronomyandHawaiianculturebothseektoanswerbigquestionsaboutwhoweare,wherewecomefromandwherewearegoing.Perhapsthatiswhyweexplorethestarryskies,asifansweringaprimalcallingtoknowourselvesandourtrueancestralhomes.TheastronomycommunityismakingcompromisestochangeitsuseofMaunaKea.TheTMTsitewaschosentominimizethetelescope'svisibilityaroundtheislandandtoavoidarchaeologicalandenvironmentalimpact.TolimitthenumberoftelescopesonMaunaKea,oldoneswillberemovedattheendoftheirlifetimesandtheirsitesreturnedtoanaturalstate.ThereisnoreasonwhyeveryonecannotbewelcomedonMaunaKeatoembracetheirculturalheritageandtostudythestars.26

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QueenLiliuokalani'sremarkinParagraph1indicates_____.A.herconservativeviewonthehistoricalroleofastronomy.B.theimportanceofastronomyinancientHawaiiansociety.C.theregrettabledeclineofastronomyinancienttimes.D.herappreciationofstarwatchers'featsinhertime.正確答案：B參考解析：具體細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞QueenLiliuokalani’s的remark定位到第一段的第一句，第一段的第二句話提到觀星者是在夏威夷社會(huì)中最受尊重的成員之一。正確答案B的theimportanceofastronomy是原文Starwatcherswereamongthemostesteemedmembers的總結(jié)概括，inancientHawaiiansociety是原文的原詞出現(xiàn)。干擾項(xiàng)A的historicalrole屬于原文信息的曲解，C項(xiàng)的regrettabledecline未提及，屬于過度推理，D項(xiàng)不是inhertime，而是她評(píng)論古代的觀星者。27

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MaunaKeaisdeemedasanidealastronomicalsitedueto______.A.itsgeographicalfeatures.B.itsprotectivesurroundings.C.itsreligiousimplications.D.itsexistinginfrastructure.正確答案：A參考解析：具體細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的MaunaKea，以及關(guān)鍵詞idealastronomicalsite定位到第二段第二、三句。But后面說MaunaKea是多臺(tái)國(guó)際頂尖望遠(yuǎn)鏡坐落之地。本題目問的是原因，定位到本段最后一句，這里提到MaunaKea的頂峰高于大部分的濃密大氣層，其條件有助于望遠(yuǎn)鏡獲取無(wú)比清晰的圖像。A項(xiàng)中的geographicalfeatures就是地理特征，屬于同義替換。干擾項(xiàng)B(受保護(hù)的周邊環(huán)境)未提及；C項(xiàng)(宗教意義)是根據(jù)本段首句worship所設(shè)的干擾，不在定位句里；D項(xiàng)(現(xiàn)有的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)屬過度推斷。28

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TheconstructionoftheTMTisopposedbysomelocalspartlybecause_____.A.itmayriskruiningtheirintellectuallife.B.itremindsthemofahumiliatinghistory.C.theirculturewillloseachanceofrevival.D.theyfearlosingcontrolofMaunaKea.正確答案：B參考解析：原因細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞theconstructionoftheTMT以及opposedbysomelocals定位到第三段第二句，這里提到apainfulreminderoftheoccupationofwhatwasonceasovereignnation，對(duì)曾經(jīng)主權(quán)國(guó)家被占領(lǐng)的痛苦提醒。B項(xiàng)中的reminds是原文的原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，ahumiliatinghistory(令人恥辱的歷史)是對(duì)theoccupationofwhatwasonceasovereignnation的同義轉(zhuǎn)化及總結(jié)概括。29

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ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5thatprogressintoday'sastronomy______.A.isfulfillingthedreamsofancientHawaiians.B.helpsspreadHawaiiancultureacrosstheworld.C.mayuncovertheoriginofHawaiianculture.D.willeventuallysoftenHawaiians'hostility.正確答案：A參考解析：細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。A項(xiàng)“會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)古代夏威夷人的夢(mèng)想”，第五段中的第二、第三句“thesamecuriositytofindwhatlies…”“callstodisassemblealltelescopeson…”等，表明天文學(xué)家和夏威夷人都具有探索精神，都在追尋回答人類本源的問題，兩者具有相通之處，夏威夷文化中飽含對(duì)于天文方面問題的探索。因此能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)古代夏威夷人的夢(mèng)想，故A項(xiàng)正確。文章中只是提到探索的好奇心使得天文學(xué)家去對(duì)星空進(jìn)行無(wú)盡的探尋，并未提及將夏威夷文化傳播到世界各地，排除B項(xiàng)。第五段句首指出科學(xué)也有文化史，其根源可以追溯到人類文明的開端，而非揭示夏威夷文化的開端，屬于偷換概念，排除c項(xiàng)。D項(xiàng)“最終將緩解和夏威夷人的敵意”，文中雖然提到了夏威夷人對(duì)于望遠(yuǎn)鏡在山上建設(shè)的反對(duì)，但是不能由此斷章取義地認(rèn)為夏威夷人有敵意，排除。

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Theauthor'sattitudetowardchoosingMaunaKeaastheTMTsiteisoneof______.A.severecriticism.B.passiveacceptance.C.slighthesitancy.D.fullapproval.正確答案：D參考解析：第一段第三句“Sadly,allisnotwellwithastronomyinHawaiitoday．”意思是，可悲的是，夏威夷現(xiàn)在的天文學(xué)不太妙。所以，對(duì)于現(xiàn)在夏威夷天文學(xué)不太妙的處境，作者用了一個(gè)Sadly來(lái)表達(dá)他的態(tài)度。而夏威夷現(xiàn)在不太妙的處境具體指什么?在第一段第四句清楚地說明了原因，即當(dāng)?shù)乇l(fā)了激烈的抗議活動(dòng)，反對(duì)興建“30米望遠(yuǎn)鏡”，所以兩句結(jié)合一塊，作者的態(tài)度就明白了，他是支持建立望遠(yuǎn)鏡的。因此，正確答案是D。材料題根據(jù)以下材料，回答31-35題RobertF.Kennedyoncesaidthatacountry'sGDPmeasures"everythingexceptthatwhichmakeslifeworthwhile."WithBritainvotingtoleavetheEuropeanUnion,andGDPalreadypredictedtoslowasaresult,itisnowatimelymomenttoassesswhathewasreferringto.ThequestionofGDPanditsusefulnesshasannoyedpolicymakersforoverhalfacentury.Manyarguethatitisaflawedconcept.Itmeasuresthingsthatdonotmatterandmissesthingsthatdo.Bymostrecentmeasures,theUK'sGDPhasbeentheenvyoftheWesternworld,withrecordlowunemploymentandhighgrowthfigures.Ifeverythingwasgoingsowell,thenwhydidover17millionpeoplevoteforBrexit,despitethewarningsaboutwhatitcoulddototheircountry'seconomicprospects?Arecentannualstudyofcountriesandtheirabilitytoconvertgrowthintowell-beingshedssomelightonthatquestion.Acrossthe163countriesmeasured,theUKisoneofthepoorestperformersinensuringthateconomicgrowthistranslatedintomeaningfulimprovementsforitscitizens.RatherthanjustfocusingonGDP,over40differentsetsofcriteriafromhealth,educationandcivilsocietyengagementhavebeenmeasuredtogetamoreroundedassessmentofhowcountriesareperforming.Whileallofthesecountriesfacetheirownchallenges,thereareanumberofconsistentthemes.Yes,therehasbeenabuddingeconomicrecoverysincethe2008globalcrash,butinkeyindicatorsinareassuchashealthandeducation,majoreconomieshavecontinuedtodecline.Yetthisisn'tthecasewithallcountries.SomerelativelypoorEuropeancountrieshaveseenhugeimprovementsacrossmeasuresincludingcivilsociety,incomeequalityandtheenvironment.Thisisalessonthatrichcountriescanlearn:WhenGDPisnolongerregardedasthesolemeasureofacountry'ssuccess,theworldlooksverydifferent.So,whatKennedywasreferringtowasthatwhileGDPhasbeenthemostcommonmethodformeasuringtheeconomicactivityofnations,asameasure,itisnolongerenough.Itdoesnotincludeimportantfactorssuchasenvironmentalqualityoreducationoutcomes—allthingsthatcontributetoaperson'ssenseofwell-being.ThesharphittogrowthpredictedaroundtheworldandintheUKcouldleadtoadeclineintheeverydayserviceswedependonforourwell-beingandforgrowth.Butpolicymakerswhorefocuseffortsonimprovingwell-beingratherthansimplyworryingaboutGDPfigurescouldavoidtheforecasteddoomandmayevenseeprogress.31

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RobertF.Kennedyiscitedbecausehe______.A.praisedtheUKforitsGDP.B.identifiedGDPwithhappiness.C.misinterpretedtheroleofGDP.D.hadalowopinionofGDP.正確答案：D參考解析：根據(jù)題目中的人名定位到第一段。第一句話“RobertF.Kennedyoncesaidthatacountry’sGDPmeasures‘everythingexceptthatwhichmakeslifeworthwhile'"，即肯尼迪認(rèn)為一個(gè)國(guó)家的GDP可以衡量所有東西，唯獨(dú)無(wú)法衡量讓生活有價(jià)值的事物。第二段順承第一段提到半個(gè)多世紀(jì)以來(lái)GDP的作用一直困擾著政策制定者，他們認(rèn)為GDP衡量著并不重要的事物，卻遺漏了真正重要的事物，語(yǔ)義上與肯迪尼的觀點(diǎn)相呼應(yīng)。從“annoyed”和“aflawedconcept”可以明顯看出政策制定者對(duì)GDP的負(fù)面評(píng)價(jià)。由此可知，第一段中肯迪尼對(duì)GDP的評(píng)價(jià)也是不高的，故D項(xiàng)正確。32

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ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2that_____.A.theUKisreluctanttoremolditseconomicpattern.B.GDPasthemeasureofsuccessiswidelydefiedintheUK.C.theUKwillcontributelesstotheworldeconomy.D.policymakersintheUKarepayinglessattentiontoGDP.正確答案：B參考解析：題目明確說了從第二段中找答案。A選項(xiàng)中的economicpattern在原文中沒有直接的表達(dá)，但在第二段末句“…peoplevoteforBrexit，despitethewarningsaboutwhatitcoulddototheircountry’seconomicprospects?”提到人們投票支持“脫歐”，盡管已有警告表明這樣做可能會(huì)對(duì)國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)前景有影響。這說明英國(guó)人不怕改變現(xiàn)有經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況，因此與A項(xiàng)中的reluctant(不情愿)不相符。C項(xiàng)屬于過度推斷。B項(xiàng)說GDP用來(lái)衡量成功的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)被英國(guó)人普遍否定了。第二段第二句，很多人認(rèn)為GDP是有缺陷的概念，第三句緊接著說“Itmeasuresthingsthatdonotmatterandmissesthingsthatdo”表明GDP其實(shí)忽視了很多關(guān)鍵的東西。第四句、第五句說英國(guó)GDP很好，但是卻要“脫歐”來(lái)改變現(xiàn)狀，暗示人們的生活并不好。整段說明了英國(guó)人并不認(rèn)為他們的高GDP給他們帶來(lái)了好生活，由此可知B為正確選項(xiàng)。D項(xiàng)policymakers在第二段第一句出現(xiàn)，并不存在所謂英國(guó)的policymakers，更沒有提到其是否更少關(guān)注GDP。33

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Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttherecentannualstudy?A.Itissponsoredby163countries.B.ItexcludesGDPasanindicator.C.Itscriteriaarequestionable.D.Itsresultsareenlightening.正確答案：D參考解析：根據(jù)題干中的recentannualstudy定位到第三段和第四段。第三段第一句“Arecentannualstudy…and…shedssomelightonthatquestion．”中的shedlighton就是“照亮，闡釋”的意思，跟D項(xiàng)中的enlighten“啟發(fā)”是同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此D為正確答案。34

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Inthelasttwoparagraphs,theauthorsuggeststhat______.A.theUKispreparingforaneconomicboom.B.highGDPforeshadowsaneconomicdecline.C.itisessentialtoconsiderfactorsbeyondGDP.D.itrequirescautiontohandleeconomicissues.正確答案：C參考解析：從題目可知答案來(lái)自最后兩段。第六段首句指出雖然GDP是衡量國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)行為最普遍的方法，但是它已經(jīng)不足夠了。第二句“Itdoesnotincludeimportantfactors…thatcontributetoaperson’ssenseofwell-being．”說明GDP沒有包含所有個(gè)人幸福的要素。最后一段最后一句“Butpolicymakerswhorefocuseffortsonimprovingwell-beingratherthansimplyworryingaboutGDPfigurescouldavoidtheforecasteddoomandmayevenseeprogress．”也明確說了制定政策的人要關(guān)注提高社會(huì)福利，而不是簡(jiǎn)單關(guān)注GDP數(shù)字。結(jié)合兩段的內(nèi)容可得知C項(xiàng)正確。35

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Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.HighGDPButInadequateWell-being,aUKlessonB.GDPFigures,aWindowonGlobalEconomicHealthC.RobertF.Kennedy,aTerminatorofGDPD.Brexit,theUK'sGatewaytoWell-being正確答案：A參考解析：主旨題。文章首段通過引用Kenndy對(duì)GDP的評(píng)價(jià)以及英國(guó)“脫歐”事件引出本文探討的主題GDP。第二段首句指出對(duì)GDP的疑問和作用使政策制定者很惱火，呈現(xiàn)出對(duì)GDP的負(fù)面態(tài)度。第三段至第六段通過研究得出結(jié)論，GDP沒能包含所有因素。最后一段在轉(zhuǎn)折之后再度指出政策制定者已經(jīng)不僅僅只是擔(dān)心GDP數(shù)據(jù)，而是重新關(guān)注提高幸福的其他努力。故正確答案為A。材料題根據(jù)以下材料，回答36-40題Inarareunanimousruling,theUSSupremeCourthasoverturnedthecorruptionconvictionofaformerVirginiagovernor,RobertMcDonnell.Butitdidsowhileholdingitsnoseattheethicsofhisconduct,whichincludedacceptinggiftssuchasaRolexwatchandaFerrariautomobilefromacompanyseekingaccesstogovernment.Thehighcourt'sdecisionsaidthejudgeinMr.McDonnell'strialfailedtotellajurythatitmustlookonlyathis"officialacts,"ortheformergovernor'sdecisionson"specific"and"unsettled"issuesrelatedtohisduties.Merelyhelpingagift-givergainaccesstootherofficials,unlessdonewithclearintenttopressurethoseofficials,isnotcorruption,thejusticesfound.Thecourtdidsuggestthatacceptingfavorsinreturnforopeningdoorsis"distasteful"and"nasty."Butunderanti-briberylaws,proofmustbemadeofconcretebenefits,suchasapprovalofacontractorregulation.Simplyarrangingameeting,makingaphonecall,orhostinganeventisnotan"officialact".Thecourt'srulingislegallysoundindefiningakindoffavoritismthatisnotcriminal.Electedleadersmustbeallowedtohelpsupportersdealwithbureaucraticproblemswithoutfearofprosecutionforbribery."Thebasiccompactunderlyingrepresentativegovernment,"wroteChiefJusticeJohnRobertsforthecourt,"assumesthatpublicofficialswillhearfromtheirconstituentsandactontheirconcerns."Buttherulingreinforcestheneedforcitizensandtheirelectedrepresentatives,notthecourts,toensureequalityofaccesstogovernment.Officialsmustnotbeallowedtoplayfavoritesinprovidinginformationorinarrangingmeetingssimplybecauseanindividualorgroupprovidesacampaigndonationorapersonalgift.Thistypeofintegrityrequireswell-enforcedlawsingovernmenttransparency,suchasrecordsofofficialmeetings,rulesonlobbying,andinformationabouteachelectedleader'ssourceofwealth.Favoritisminofficialaccesscanfanpublicperceptionsofcorruption.Butitisnotalwayscorruption.Ratherofficialsmustavoiddoublestandards,ordifferenttypesofaccessforaveragepeopleandthewealthy.Ifconnectionscanbebought,abasicpremiseofdemocraticsociety—thatallareequalintreatmentbygovernment—isundermined.Goodgovernancerestsonanunderstandingoftheinherentworthofeachindividual.Thecourt'srulingisastepforwardinthestruggleagainstbothcorruptionandofficialfavoritism.36

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Theunderlinedsentence(Para.1)mostprobablyshowsthatthecourt_______.A.avoideddefiningtheextentofMcDonnell'sduties.B.madenocompromiseinconvictingMcDonnell.C.wascontemptuousofMcDonnell'sconduct.D.refusedtocommentonMcDonnell'sethics.正確答案：C參考解析：根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞Theunderlinedsentence(Para．1)可以快速找到原文的畫線句子“Butitdidsowhileholdingitsnoseattheethicsofhisconduct，whichincludedacceptinggiftssuchasaRolexwatchandaFerrariautomobilefromacompanyseekingaccesstogovernment．".聯(lián)系文章第一句話，雖然最高法院沒有判定RobertMcDonnell受賄罪，但是holdingitsnoseattheethicsofhisconduct,即在道德上卻對(duì)他的行為嗤之以鼻。由此可以鎖定C項(xiàng)中的wascontemptuousof，即法院其實(shí)非常輕視RobertMcDonnell的行為，故選C。D項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)ethics，雖在原文中有相同的詞，但是，此句話說的是拒絕從道德的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)評(píng)論RobertMcDonnell的行為，故排除D。37

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AccordingtoParagraph4,anofficialactisdeemedcorruptiveonlyifitinvolves_____.A.leakingsecretsintentionally.B.sizablegainsintheformofgifts.C.concretereturnsforgift-givers.D.breakingcontractsofficially.正確答案：C參考解析：從第四段"Butunderanti-briberylaws，proofmustbemadeofconcretebenefits，suchasapprovalofacontractorregulation.Simplyarrangingameeting,makingaphonecallorhostinganeventisnotan'officialact.'"可以知道，對(duì)腐敗的定義是，只有受賄者給予了行賄者實(shí)際的好處，如acontractorregulation，如果提供的不是具體的好處,僅僅只是:arrangingameeting,makingaphonecall,orhostinganevent，那么這種行為就不是受賄，故選C。38

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Thecourt'srulingisbasedontheassumptionthatpublicofficialsare______.A.justifiedinaddressingtheneedsoftheirconstituents.B.qualifiedtodealindependentlywithbureaucraticissues.C.allowedtofocusontheconcernsoftheirsupporters.D.exemptfromconvictiononthechargeoffavoritism.正確答案：A參考解析：細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。由題干的assumption定位到第五段最后一句"'Thebasiccompactunderlyingrepresentativegovernment，'wroteChiefJusticeJohnRobertsforthecourt，'assumesthatpublicofficialswillhearfromtheirconstituentsandactontheirconcerns.'"，即官員要聽從選民的呼聲，并對(duì)他們關(guān)注的話題相應(yīng)采取行動(dòng)解決問題。同時(shí)前一句也在討論官員準(zhǔn)許幫忙支持者解決政務(wù)問題，而不用擔(dān)心被起訴貪污。都是在討論解決問題，A項(xiàng)中addressingtheneeds"解決需求"，等同于dealwith，actonproblems，mustbeallowed同義替換為justified“并具有合法性”，故選A。39

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Well-enforcedlawsingovernmenttransparencyareneededto______.A.awakentheconscienceofofficials.B.guaranteefairplayinofficialaccess.C.allowforcertainkindsoflobbying.D.inspirehopesinaveragepeople.正確答案：B參考解析：根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞Well-enforcedlawsingovernmenttransparency可以定位到第六段第三句"Thistypeofintegrityrequireswill-enforcedlawsingovernmenttransparency…eachelectedleader'ssourceofwealth."即這種類型的廉正有賴于強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行關(guān)于政府透明度的法律。聯(lián)系這一段的第一句話"Buttherulingreinforcestheneedforcitizensandtheirelectedrepresentatives,notthecourts,toensureequalityofaccesstogovernment."，即執(zhí)法力度需要加強(qiáng)市民及其當(dāng)選代表，而