高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)講義

高考英語(yǔ)精講：直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ).在陳述句中,直接引用說(shuō)話人原來(lái)的語(yǔ)句,稱為直接引語(yǔ)。在書寫時(shí),直接引語(yǔ)用引號(hào)。用自己的詞語(yǔ)來(lái)轉(zhuǎn)述表達(dá)原來(lái)說(shuō)話人說(shuō)的內(nèi)容,稱為間接引語(yǔ)。一、直接引語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換為間接引語(yǔ)1.直接引語(yǔ)如果是陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，不用引號(hào)，而用連接詞that，但有時(shí)可省略。如：Hesays,“IamnotfromtheU.S.A.”→HesaysthatheisnotfromtheU.S.A.2.直接引語(yǔ)如果是一般疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，需用從屬連接詞whether或if引導(dǎo)，said要改為asked，沒有間接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以加一個(gè)間接賓語(yǔ)，語(yǔ)序改為陳述句語(yǔ)序。如：Hesaid,“Areyouateacher?”→Heaskedmeif/whetherIwasateacher.溫馨提示：大多數(shù)情況下，if和whether可以互換，但當(dāng)句中有ornot，或在動(dòng)詞不定式前，或放在介詞后作連接詞時(shí)，一般只用whether。如：Sheaskedmewhetherhecoulddoitornot.3.直接引語(yǔ)如果是特殊疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，需用原來(lái)的疑問詞引導(dǎo)，語(yǔ)序是：疑問詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其他。如：Mysisteraskedme,“Howdoyoulikethefilm?”→MysisteraskedmehowIlikedthefilm.4.直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句，變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，要把動(dòng)詞原形變成動(dòng)詞不定式，并在動(dòng)詞不定式前加tell,ask,order等的賓語(yǔ)。如：Hesaid,“Pleasecomehereagaintomorrow.”Heaskedmetogothereagainthenextday.二、由直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)還需要注意分以下情況:(1)一般疑問句或反意疑問句變?yōu)閕f(whether)引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。Shesaid,"Doyouoftencomeheretoreadnewspapers?"Sheaskedmeif(或whether)Ioftenwenttheretoreadnewspapers.Sheaskedme."Youhaveseenthefilm.haven'tyou?"Sheaskedmewhether(或if)Ihadseenthefilm.(2)選擇疑問句變?yōu)閣hether....or賓語(yǔ)從句。Iaskedhim,"Willyoustayathomeorgotoafilmtonight?"→Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldstayathomeorgotoafilmthatnight.(3)特殊疑問句變?yōu)橛稍瓉?lái)的疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。Heasked."Wheredoyoulive?"→HeaskedmewhereIlived.3.直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句時(shí)間接引語(yǔ)為不定式，作ask，tell,beg,order,warn,advise等動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(don't變?yōu)閚ot).Theteachersaidtotheboy,"Openthewindow."→Theteachertoldtheboytoopenthewindow.Hisfathersaidtohim"Don'tleavethedooropen."→Hisfathertoldhimnottoleavethedooropen.[注意](1)有些表示建議、提議、勸告或要求的祈使句，可以用suggest,insist等動(dòng)詞加以轉(zhuǎn)述。例如:Hesaid,"Let'sgotothetheatre."Hesuggested(our)goingtothetheatre.或Hesuggestedthatwe(should)gotothetheatre.(2)"Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?"heasked.Heaskedmetoopenthewindow."Whydon'tyoutakeawalkaftersupper?"heasked._>headvisedmetotakeawalkaftersupper."Shallwelistentothemusic?"heasked.→Hesuggestedlisteningtothemusic.4.直接引語(yǔ)是感嘆句時(shí)間接引語(yǔ)為what或how引導(dǎo)，也可以用that引導(dǎo)。Shesaid."Whatalovelydavitis!"Shesaidwhatalovelydayitwas.或Shesaidthatitwasalovelyday.5.如果主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為各種現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來(lái)時(shí)，則間接引語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞仍保持三、直接引語(yǔ)如果是陳述句,變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)變化一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：Iamverygladtovisityourworkshop,shesaid.我很高興參觀你們的車間。她說(shuō)。一般過(guò)去時(shí)：Shesaidthatshewasverygladtovistourworkshop.她說(shuō)她很高興參觀我們的車間。正在進(jìn)行時(shí)：Iamcheckingyourhomeworknow,hismothersaid.我現(xiàn)在正在檢查你的作業(yè)，他母親說(shuō)。過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：Hismothersaidthatshewascheckinghishomeworkthen.他母親說(shuō)她當(dāng)時(shí)正在檢查他的作業(yè)。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：Haveyouhandedinthemoneyforthetickets?Themontorasked.你交票款了嗎？班長(zhǎng)問。過(guò)去完成時(shí)：ThemonitoraskedmeifIhadhandedinthemoneyforthetickets.班長(zhǎng)問我是否交票款了。一般過(guò)去時(shí)：Shesaid,Mymothert