初中英語中Be 動詞的用法歸納

初中英語中Be動詞的用法歸納be是一個多功能動詞,在初級英語里可見四種用法:功能一,系動詞bebe為連系動詞,中心詞義是"是",句型為"主+系+表"結(jié)構(gòu)。be的形式常用am,is,are(現(xiàn)在式;was,were(過去式;will/can/may/mustbe(助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+原形;have/has/hadbeen(助動詞+過去分詞等。如:Tohelpanimalsishelpingpeople.(一般現(xiàn)在時Thetwinswereverybusyyesterday.(一般過去時Itwillbesunnytomorrow.(一般將來時Shehasbeenillforoveraweek.(現(xiàn)在完成時功能二,助動詞be助動詞be,無詞義,輔助主要動詞一起在句中作謂語動詞。用法如下:1.be+doing:構(gòu)成進行時態(tài),有現(xiàn)在和過去兩種進行時態(tài)。如:Thegirlsisreadingandcopyingthenewwordsnow.YoungTomwasalwaysaskingquestionsandtryingoutnewideas.2.be+done:構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)(主語是動作的承受者,done必須是及物動詞。如:Teaisgrowninmyhometown.(一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)Thisbuildingwasbuiltthreeyearsago.(一般過去時的被動語態(tài)Ourclassroomhasbeencleanedandtidiedalready.(現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)Howcouldthiskindofcakesbemadeinyourhome?(含情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)Thatisadaynevertobeforgotten.(動詞不定式的被動語態(tài)3.be+goingtodo,表示"打算或?qū)⒁瞿呈?,be有現(xiàn)在和過去兩種形式。如:Wearegoingtoplanttreesinthepark.Ididn'tknowifshewasgoingtocomehere.4.be+todo,表示"按計劃安排將要做某事"。如:ThenewshopisnottobeopenedtillnextMonday.OnenightanangelcametoMaryandtoldherthatshewastohavethisspecialboy.功能三,therebetherebe句式為:therebe+主語部分+狀語部分,表示"某處存在某物",be常用現(xiàn)在時,過去時和將來時等。如:Oh,cool!Andtherearemanythingstosee.ThereisevenadeerparkinSanya.Thereareabout80pyramidsinEgypt.Willtherebeafootballmatchinyourschoolnextweek?功能四,實義be可以將be視為實義動詞,因為它具有實際的詞義,如"成為;做;發(fā)生;舉行;逗留;到達"等。如:Hisdaughterwantstobeadoctorforanimalsinhertwenties.Kate'sbirthdaypartywillbeathalfpastsixthisevening.JimhasbeeninChinaformorethantwoyears,buthehasnotyetbeentoYichang.初中英語中Keep用法歸納在人教版初中英語教材中,keep是要求學生必須掌握的四會詞之一,現(xiàn)將其常見用法歸納小結(jié)如下,以利于大家正確地使用該詞。一、用作及物動詞1.意為"保存;保留;保持;保守"。如:Couldyoukeeptheselettersforme,please?你能替我保存這些信嗎?I'llkeepaseatforyou.我給你留個座位。Itcanhelptokeepvegetables,fruitandmeatforalongtimeinhotsummer.在炎熱的夏天,它有助于蔬菜、水果和肉類長時間保鮮。Canyoukeepasecret?你能保守秘密嗎?2.意為"照顧;養(yǎng)活"等。如:Shekepthersisterforaweekwhilehersisterwasill.她妹妹有病時,她照看她了一個星期。Ihaveafamilytokeep.我得養(yǎng)活一家人。3.意為"留下;不必還"。如:Youcankeepthepenifyoulikeit.你要是喜歡就把鋼筆留下吧。Keepthechange.不用找零錢了。4.意為"遵守;維護"。如:Everyonemustkeeptherules.人人必須遵守規(guī)章制度。Theteacheriskeepingorderinclass.老師正在課堂上維持秩序。5.意為"售;賣"。如:Theshopkeepseverythingyouneed.那家商店里出售的東西應有盡有。Hekeepseverythingyouwilldrink.他出售你想喝的各種飲料。6.意為"記(日記、帳等"。如:Shekeepsadiaryeveryday.她堅持每天記日記。Hekeepsexactaccountsofthemoneyhespendsandadiaryoftheeventsofhisholidays.他詳細地記載他所花的錢數(shù)和假期中所發(fā)生的事情。7.意為"使……保持某種(狀態(tài)、位置或動作等"。這時要在keep的賓語后接補足語,構(gòu)成復合賓語。其中賓語補足語通常由形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞等充當。如:Weshouldkeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.(形容詞我們應保持教室整潔干凈。You'dbetterkeepthechildawayfromthefire.(副詞你最好讓孩子離火遠一點。Thebadweatherkeepsusinsidethehouse.(介詞短語壞天氣使我們不能出門。Don'tkeepmewaitingforlong.(現(xiàn)在分詞別讓我等太久。Theotherstudentsintheclasskeeptheireyesclosed.(過去分詞班上其他同學都閉著眼睛。二、用作連系動詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu):keep+表語,意為"保持,繼續(xù)(處于某種狀態(tài)"。其中表語可用形容詞、副詞、介詞短語等充當。如:Youmustlookafteryourselfandkeephealthy.(形容詞你必須照顧好自己,保持身體健康。Keepoffthegrass.(副詞請勿踐踏草地。TrafficinBritainkeepstotheleft.(介詞短語英國的交通是靠左邊行駛的。注意:一般情況下,keep后接形容詞較為多見。再如:Sheknewshemustkeepcalm.她知道她必須保持鎮(zhèn)靜。Pleasekeepsilentinclass.課堂上請保持安靜。三、與介詞或副詞搭配,構(gòu)成動詞短語1.keepaway意為"(使離開;(使不接近",其后常接介詞from。如:Wouldyoukeepyourdogawayfrommyboy,please?請把狗拉得離我孩子遠點好嗎?Keepeverybodyawayfromtheaccident.人人遠離事故!2.keepback意為"阻止;留在后面"。如:Shesatdownquietly,butshecouldn'tkeepbackhertears.她靜靜地坐下來,卻忍不住流下了眼淚。3.keeptogether意為"在一起;動作協(xié)調(diào)"。如:Keeptogether,please.請聚在一起。Theeightmenkepttogetherduringtheboatraceasthoughtheywereone.賽船時,這8個人動作協(xié)調(diào),好像一個人似的。4.keepup意為"持續(xù);使不低落"。如:Thenoisekeptupallnight.噪音整夜持續(xù)著。Tokeepyourstrengthup,eatwellandgetenoughsleep.為了保持力氣,要吃好、睡足。5.keepupwith意為"跟上;和……來往"。如:I'mtryingmybesttokeepupwiththeothersinclass.我正在設法趕上班里的其他人。DoyoustillkeepupwithTom?你和湯姆還有聯(lián)系嗎?6.keep...inmind意為"把……記在心里"。如:Theteacheraskedustokeepthesesentencesinmind.老師要我們把這些句子記在心里。四、含keep的常用句型1.keepdoingsth.意為"繼續(xù)干某事",表示不間斷地持續(xù)干某事,keep后不能接不定式或表示靜止狀態(tài)的v-ing形式,而必須接延續(xù)性的動詞。如:Hekeptworkingallday,becausehewantedtofinishtheworkontime.他整天都在不停地工作,因為他想準時完成工作。Keeppassingtheballtoeachother,andyou'llbeOK.堅持互相傳球,你們就行。2.keepondoingsth.意為"持續(xù)做某事"。如:Thepupilkeptonaskingmethesamequestion.這個學生不斷地問我同一個問題。Ikeptonthinkingaboutthematchintheafternoon.我總是想起下午的那場比賽。3.keep...fromdoingsth.意為"阻止/防止……做某事"。如:Theheavysnowkeptusfromgoingout.大雪使我們不能出去。初中英語中Like用法歸納like一詞具有多種詞性和詞義,以及多種用法。現(xiàn)簡述如下:一、用作動詞:1.like+名詞/代詞,意為"喜歡某人或某物"。例如:Tomlikesfishverymuch.湯姆非常喜歡魚。MrWangisagoodteacher.Wealllikehim.王老師是個好老師,我們都喜歡他。2.liketodosth.意為"(偶爾或具體地喜歡做某事"。例如:Iliketoswimwithyoutoday.今天我喜歡和你一起去游泳。3.likedoingsth.意為"(經(jīng)常或習慣地喜歡做某事"。例如:Helikessinging.他喜歡唱歌。4.likesb.todosth.意為"喜歡某人做某事"。例如:Shelikesthemtoaskquestionslikethis.她喜歡他們像這樣問問題。5.wouldliketodosth.(=wanttodosth.意為"想要做某事"。例如:I'dliketogoshoppingwithyou.我想要和你一起去買東西。6.wouldlikesb.todosth.意為"想要某人做某事"。I'dlikeyoutomeetmyparents.我想要你見見我的父母親。二、用作介詞:1.belike,looklike后接名詞或代詞作賓語,意為"像……;跟……一樣"。例如:Whatishelike?他是怎么樣的一個人?Thelittlegirllookslikeherfather.那個小姑娘看起來像她的父親。2.feellike后接V?鄄ing形式、代詞或名詞,意為"想要做某事"。例如:Doyoufeellikehavingarest?你想休息嗎?We'llgoforawalkifyoufeellikeit.如果你想散步,我們就去吧。三、常見句型:1.Whatdoyoulikeabout...?意為"關(guān)于……你喜歡什么?",用來詢問對方所喜歡的內(nèi)容。例如:-WhatdoyoulikeaboutChina?你喜歡中國的什么?-Thefoodandthepeople.食物和人民。2.Howdoyoulike...?意為"你認為……怎么樣?"(=Whatdoyouthinkof...?例如:-Howdoyoulikethefilm?你認為這部電影怎么樣?-It'sveryinteresting.很有趣。3.Wouldyoulike+名詞/todosth.?意為"你想要……嗎?",用來詢問對方是否需要什么或征求意見與看法。例如:Wouldyoulikesomewater?你想要一些水嗎?Wouldyouliketoplayfootballwithus?你愿意和我們一起去踢足球嗎?初中英語中Do的四種用法動詞do在句中的作用可以概述為四句十二字:"做"實義,助動詞,替前文,強語氣。作用一:實義dodo作實義動詞時,有do,does,did,done,doing五種形式,還有及物、不及物之分。如:1.vt."做;研究;整理;完成"。如:①Theoldmandoesanhourofsporteveryday.②Shedidherhomeworkathomelastnight.③MotherwasdoingthecookingwhenIreachedhome.④Haveyoudonetheexercisesyet?2.vi."行動;工作;進展;足夠"。如:①KatedoesverywellinherChinese.②Howdoyoudo?③Welldone!④Thatwilldo.作用二:助動dodo作助動詞時,只有do,does,did三種形式,無詞義,限用于含行為動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時兩種時態(tài)的否定句和疑問句中。如:①Theydon'thaveanyticketsfortonight'sconcert.②Katestayedathomelastnight,didn'tshe?③Howmanybooksdoesthelibraryhave?④Shedoesn'tdothewashingintheevening.作用三:替代do為避免動詞的重復,使語言簡練,常以do,does,did替代前文所用的行為動詞。如:①Tomrunsmuchfasterthanyoudo.②-Lucy,canyougetsomemoretea,please?-Sure.I'lldoitrightaway.②-Whobrokethecup?-Mimidid.③-Ilikebananas.-Sodoeshe.作用四:語氣do為突出感情色彩,do常用于祈使句、強調(diào)句和倒裝句中,以加強語氣。如:①Dobecareful.②Don'ttellalie.③Hedidcome.④-Youoftengotothepark.-Sowedo.中學英語語法之否定形式表示肯定意義歸納否定形式表肯定含義英語中有些句子形式上是否定的,但是內(nèi)容含義上卻是肯定的。一、cannotwait后跟不定式,意為“急于做”,表示強調(diào)的肯定Icouldn’twaittoseeher.我渴望見到她。Icannotwaittoreadthebook.我非?？释x到這本書。二、cannot/couldn’t+too意為“越……越……,非常,無論怎樣……也不過分”在此結(jié)構(gòu)中,cannot也可改用canhardly,scarcely,never,impossible;too也可改用over,enough等。Amancanneverhavetoomanyfriends.朋友越多越好。Hecannotseeyouquicklyenough.他想很快見到你。三、not…until/till意為“直到……的時候才”Peopletakenothoughtofthevalueoftimeuntiltheyloseit.人們失去時間后才知道時間的價值ItwasnotuntilthenextdaythatIknewthattruth.直到第二天我才知道真相。Hedidnotgotobeduntilhismothercameback.直到他母親回來他才睡覺。四、否定詞+but1、not(no…butThereisnomanbuthashisfaults.人皆有過。Noonebelievesbutshewillsucceed.人們相信他會成功。Thereisnoonebutknowshim.人人都認識他。2、never(not…but(that意為“每當……,總是……,沒有哪次不是……”。IneverseeyoubutIthinkofmymother.每當看見你時,我總是想起我的母親。Hewillnotbeangrybutthatheisoffended.人們?nèi)橇怂艜鷼狻?、nothingbut/nonebut意為“僅僅,只,只有……才”。Wecanseenothingbutwater.我們只能看見水。Nonebutmeknewwhathappened.只有我知道發(fā)生了什么事情。Hechosenonebutthebest.他只選最好的。五、notlongbefore意為“不久……就……”Itwasnotlongbeforeheappeared.他不久就出現(xiàn)了。六、否定詞+without意為“每……必”Whatappearedtomewonderfulwasthatnoneoftheantscamehomewithoutbringingsomething.使我感到驚奇的是每只螞蟻回來都帶回一些東西。Thereisnosmokewithoutfire.有煙必有火。七、no(noneotherthan意為“僅僅,完全”Sheisnoneotherthanmyteacher.她正是我的老師。TheletterwaswrittenbynoneotherthanMary.寫這封信的正是瑪莉。八、too+形容詞/副詞+not+不定式“非?！囟?太……不會不”1.本句型是對too…to的否定,表示肯定意思。Hisspeechwastoogoodnottostirtheaudience.不會不使觀眾轟動。Heistoofoolishnottosayit.他的演講太好了，他那么傻，不會不把這事說出來。2.若把