80T六梁橋式鑄造起重機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的畢業(yè)論文

.專業(yè).專注..專業(yè).專注.80T六梁橋式鑄造起重機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的畢業(yè)論文摘要六梁鑄造起重機(jī)是橋式起重機(jī)的重要組成部分，是中大型起重設(shè)備，由四根主梁和兩根端梁組成。本設(shè)計(jì)采用偏軌箱型主梁，設(shè)計(jì)過程中從強(qiáng)度、剛度、穩(wěn)定性三個(gè)方面來計(jì)算，對(duì)于A7工作級(jí)別的起重機(jī)來說還要進(jìn)行疲勞強(qiáng)度校核，這就和A6以下工作級(jí)別的起重機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)有了很大的區(qū)別，在設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)靜強(qiáng)度有很大的富余，在計(jì)算局部穩(wěn)定性的時(shí)候還要注意局部輪壓的作用，這時(shí)候需要驗(yàn)算加勁肋的區(qū)格驗(yàn)算，很有可能需要再次驗(yàn)算。設(shè)計(jì)中在滿足剛度、強(qiáng)度、穩(wěn)定性的前提下，探討了該機(jī)型金屬結(jié)構(gòu)受力的空間傳遞分配規(guī)律，推導(dǎo)出力計(jì)算公式。本文針對(duì)空間橋架力的傳遞進(jìn)行探討，在一定假定條件下，得出主、副梁及主、端梁間的傳遞規(guī)律。關(guān)鍵詞：鑄造起重機(jī) ,應(yīng)力,疲勞強(qiáng)度,穩(wěn)定性AbstractCastingsixbeamsoverheadcranesareanimportantcomponentpartofthemediumandlargeliftingequipment,bythefourmaingirderbeamsandtwo-component,thedesignbasedonthepartialtracksboxgirder,thedesignprocessfromthestrength,stiffness,Stabilitythreeaspects,fortheworking-levelA7cranewillrunforcalibration.Thisandthefollowingworking-levelA6cranedesignwithvastlydifferent,inthedesignwhentherearelargestaticstrengthofthesurplusinthecalculationofregionalstabilitybutalsotothepartialpressureoftheround,ThisneedstimecheckingSTIFFENERcheckingthegrid,islikelytobecheckedagain.Thestructureofthecraneiscomposedoftheprimarycentrolgirder,theassistantcentrolgirder,theprimarydead-endgirderandtheassistantdead-endgirderaccordingtothetraitofthecrane.Ontheadvanceoftheintensity,rigidityandstructuresupportingtheloadisstudiedmainly.Atthesametimewealsoincludetheformulatewhichisusedtocalculatetheinternalforce.Somekindsofconditionsareassuredinordertoholdtheinternalrelationbetweenthem.Keywords:rigidity,intensity,fatiguestrength,stability第一章總體方案設(shè)計(jì)1.1原始參數(shù)TOC\o"1-5"\h\z起重量Q（主/副） /50t跨度S 22m工作級(jí)別Ai A8起升高度H（主/副） 20/22m起升速度V（主/副） 4.5/11.4m/min.專業(yè).專注.專業(yè).專注.運(yùn)行速度（主/副/大車）輪距（主/副/大車）軌距（主/副/大車）輪壓（主/副/大車）起重機(jī)重量36/33.7/73.5m/min運(yùn)行速度（主/副/大車）輪距（主/副/大車）軌距（主/副/大車）輪壓（主/副/大車）起重機(jī)重量4080/1850/9800mm8700/3000/22000mm34500/19640/87600kg220t體結(jié)構(gòu)及設(shè)計(jì)根據(jù)已給參數(shù)，此橋式鑄造起重機(jī)噸位、跨度較大，為減少結(jié)構(gòu)的超靜定次數(shù)，改善圖⑴受力，方便運(yùn)輸，選用六梁較接式結(jié)構(gòu)。結(jié)構(gòu)框架如圖（1）圖⑴料選擇及許用應(yīng)力根據(jù)總體結(jié)構(gòu)，鑄造起重機(jī)工作級(jí)別A8為重級(jí)，工作環(huán)境溫度較高，設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算時(shí)疲勞強(qiáng)度為其首要約束條件，選用Q235-A,考慮起重量較大，主/副梁均采用偏軌箱型梁。材料的許用應(yīng)力及性能常數(shù)見表1、表2。表1.1材料許用應(yīng)力板厚正應(yīng)力 N/mm2剪應(yīng)力N/mm2mmbInmInm>16370152.0167.9184.487.7696.94106.516370158.8175.4192.691.7101.3111.2表1.2材料性能常數(shù)表

彈性模量E剪切彈性模量G密度___ 一5 —2.0610MPa= 4 _7.9410MPa7850kg/m3部件尺寸及截面性質(zhì).主主梁尺寸1 1 , ,初選高度Hi—初選高度Hi1417考慮大車運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)安裝在主梁，且主主梁與副主梁的高度差必須滿足一定得要求，故將主主梁取為大截面薄鋼板的形式，以達(dá)到節(jié)省材料、重量輕的要求。因此取腹板高度h2400mmB1為了省去走臺(tái)，對(duì)寬型偏軌箱型梁也/B1.0:B1為了省去走臺(tái)，對(duì)寬型偏軌箱型梁也/B1.0:1.5,主主梁腹板側(cè)間距取2200mm上=440mm50,主腹板厚度上下翼緣板厚度018mm上翼緣板長(zhǎng)2530mm下翼緣板長(zhǎng)2326mm,主腹板厚度114mm副腹板厚度 212mm上下翼緣板外伸部分長(zhǎng)不相同。有軌道一側(cè)上翼緣板外伸長(zhǎng)度 be150270mm取be250mm其它翼緣外伸部分長(zhǎng)度be1.5hf27mmhf 018mm僑縫厚度）取be=50mm軌道側(cè)主腹板受局部壓應(yīng)力，應(yīng)將板加厚，由局部壓應(yīng)力的分布長(zhǎng)度，設(shè)計(jì)離上翼緣板350mm勺一段腹板板厚取為18mm主主梁跨中截面尺寸如圖（2）AV\24001256232618116325301812652050142269350182269AV\24001256232618116325301812652050142269350182269.專業(yè).專注.專業(yè).專注.?76圖(2).主主梁跨端截面尺寸?76圖(2)?… 1 1圖度H2-H1-24361218mm2 2 12要確定主主梁跨端截面尺寸，只需確定其高度小，取H2=1300mm跨端下翼緣板厚度18mm主主梁跨端截面尺寸如圖(3)建立如圖示的坐標(biāo)系，計(jì)算形心位置.截面性質(zhì)建立如圖示的坐標(biāo)系，計(jì)算形心位置(1)主主梁跨中AV\AV\232618A=1256.85.專業(yè).專注.1257mm=1256.85.專業(yè).專注.1257mm24001223261825301820501435018=1238.881239mm計(jì)算彎心位置12 1021.381021mm1214彎心近似地在截面對(duì)稱形心軸x上，具至主腹板中線的距離為1021mm凈截面面積A253023261824001220501435018151208mm2毛截面面積A_ 2241822135351034mm計(jì)算慣性矩對(duì)形心軸24001223261825301820501435018=1238.881239mm計(jì)算彎心位置12 1021.381021mm1214彎心近似地在截面對(duì)稱形心軸x上，具至主腹板中線的距離為1021mm凈截面面積A253023261824001220501435018151208mm2毛截面面積A_ 2241822135351034mm計(jì)算慣性矩對(duì)形心軸x的慣性矩Ix2530183122232618325301811702 232618122122400312579 122183503 2122400392 3501898621420503121.5901010mm412205014214212對(duì)形心軸y的慣性矩1823263 “*1825303 23261876 121222400123253018262 24003 _2205014 ___ _123956 205014108757121232*35018 3501810322121.2091011mm41891414121672mm21891414121672mm2凈截面面積A2326253018126412350毛截面面積A221312822837066mm2建立圖示的坐標(biāo)系，計(jì)算形心位置Ayi2326189253018129112641265091414475.專業(yè).專注.專業(yè).專注.Ayi25301812652326181163126412569141422691216723501822711236.861237mm3501822711236.861237mm計(jì)算慣性矩，對(duì)形心軸x的慣性矩, 2530183 22326183 21212643IX 2530186162 2326186662 TOC\o"1-5"\h\z12 12 122149143 2183503 2121264252 914142002124.0521010mm4對(duì)形心軸y的慣性矩1823263122182326742182530312218232631221823267421825303122182530282212118129141431291414…73501831032 350181212641231221034212648.4971010mm4、副主梁尺寸1.初選梁高H1—:—S=1294~1571mm取腹板高度h1.初選梁高H1141716mm,腹板厚度：主腹板110mm,副腹板厚度28mm,副主梁總高H1h0201532mm副主梁寬度b0 0.6~0.8h0900~1200mm,L H取腹板側(cè)向距b01100mm-440mm且1100—510mm，主腹板一側(cè)上翼緣板外50 3伸長(zhǎng)度足15,取外伸長(zhǎng)be121mm，其余懸伸長(zhǎng)大于1.5倍的焊縫厚度，取be31mm0其尺寸如下圖4圖(4)2.副主梁跨端截面尺寸的確定1確止其圖度H2-H1—1532766mm,取腹板圖度為800mm2

副主梁跨端截面尺寸如圖(5)圖⑸.截面性質(zhì)(1)跨中建立圖示的直角坐標(biāo)系，求形心位置凈截面面積A1180127016108150066200mm2毛截面面積A0110915161681244mm2— Aiyi118016812701615241081500766y 782.49782mmA 66200-Ayi11801659012701663515008351500101144x A 66200628.74629mm計(jì)算彎心位置Ae1 計(jì)算彎心位置Ae1 2 10811005492.8493mm彎心距主腹板板厚中線的距離為 e493mm計(jì)算慣性矩對(duì)形心軸x的慣性矩：1270163Ix12_2150010161270163Ix12_21500101621180163 2127016742 1180167741210150031238150012150081610 42.75710mm對(duì)形心軸y的慣性矩:150010312150010515215008312150085942150010312150010515215008312150085942161180312118016392161270312161270621.3161010mm42副主梁跨端截面性質(zhì)建立圖示的坐標(biāo)系，求截面形心位置凈截面面積 A127011801610880053600mm2毛截面面積 A01109816904944mm2Aiyi1180168127016824800841680010416 426.96427mmA 53600

623.48624mmAyi118016590127016635800835800101144623.48624mm53600對(duì)形心軸x的慣性矩:Ix1270163 1270121639721180163 118012162Ix1270163 1270121639721180163 118012162108003

419 8001210288003112 1228800112 _9 47.288109mm4對(duì)形心軸y的慣性矩:1611803 2 16118034121612701611803 2 16118034121612703 16127012280010311 80010129.33109mm49.33109mm4125202 8008589212三、端梁截面尺寸考慮大車車輪的安裝及臺(tái)車的形狀尺寸，端梁寬取為600mm。初設(shè)截面尺寸如下圖6圖(6)形心即對(duì)稱中心 X圖(6)形心即對(duì)稱中心 X330mmy400mm對(duì)形心軸x的慣性矩:66012對(duì)形心軸x的慣性矩:660123126601239423c107763 9 42 23.23810mm127761031277610305227761031277610305221266031.731109mm412凈截面面積 A66012277610231360mm2一…、一一一一 2毛截面面積 A610788480680mm四、各截面尺寸及性質(zhì)匯總表8S3圖⑺8S3圖⑺尺寸匯總表1.3單位：mm1234abch主主梁跨中181814122530232622002400跨端181814122530232622001264副主梁跨中16161081270118011001500跨端1616108127011801100800端梁12121010660660600776截面性質(zhì)匯總表1.4xyIxIy凈面積毛面積主主梁跨中12391257- 111.59010__ 111.209101512085351034跨端12376754.05210108.49710101216722837066副主梁跨中6297822.75710101.3161010662001681244跨端62442797.288109一一一 一99.3310953600904944端梁3304003.2381091.73110931360480680第二章橋架分析荷組合的確定一、動(dòng)力效應(yīng)系數(shù)的計(jì)算.起升沖擊系數(shù)i0.9 11.1對(duì)橋式鑄造起重機(jī)11.145.起升動(dòng)載系數(shù)2王王梁22min2vq1.150.51——1.188q 60114副王梁22min 2vq「仿。⑸二1376073.5.運(yùn)行沖擊系數(shù)41.10.058vyJh1.10.058——11.17160vy為大車運(yùn)行速度vy=73.5m/min,h為軌道街頭處兩軌面得高度差 h1mm,根據(jù)工作級(jí)別，動(dòng)載荷用載荷組合 進(jìn)行計(jì)算，應(yīng)用運(yùn)行沖擊系數(shù) 4。架假定為了簡(jiǎn)化六梁銀結(jié)橋架的計(jì)算，特作如下假定：.根據(jù)起重機(jī)的實(shí)際工作情況，以主、副小車一起工作為最不利載荷工況。.主主梁、副主梁的端部與端梁在同一水平面。.由于端梁用錢接分成5段，故副主梁的垂直載荷對(duì)相互間受力分析互不影響。.將端梁結(jié)構(gòu)看作多跨靜定梁，主主梁受力作為基本結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)副主梁無影響；副主梁受力作為附屬部分對(duì)主主梁有影響。.計(jì)算副主梁水平載荷時(shí)，將較接點(diǎn)看成剛性連接。荷計(jì)算.主主梁自重FqkAg1.278500.1512089.8113973N/m由設(shè)計(jì)給出的主小車輪壓34500kg,選用車輪材料ZG35CrMn0車輪直徑600mm，軌道型號(hào)QU120許用值38700kg由軌道型號(hào)QU120查得軌道理論重量mg118.10kg/m,主小車軌道重量Famag118.109.811158.56N/mgg1欄桿等重量Flmlg1009.81981n/m主梁的均布載荷 FqFqFgFl139731158.5698116112.56N/mqqg.主小車布置，兩側(cè)起升機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)稱布置，重心位于對(duì)稱中心。吊具質(zhì)量m00.05mQ0.051809t起升載荷PQ mQmbg18099.811031854090N小車重量PGxmxg0.351801039.81618030N因主小車噸位較大，采用臺(tái)車形式八個(gè)車輪，可求實(shí)際主小車滿載時(shí)的靜輪壓P1P2 PQPGx/8309015N一根主主梁上 P4P1236060N空載小車輪壓P'P' 91039.81618030/888290N.慣性載荷一根主主梁上小車慣性力主小車上主動(dòng)輪占一半，按主動(dòng)車輪打滑條件確定主小車的慣性力n0 2Pxg P—0.141236060—86524Nn 4大車起、制動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的慣性力n0PH PQPGx—0.1424721200.134610NnFH Fq?0.1416112.560.1225.6N/mq

n.偏斜運(yùn)行側(cè)向力一根主主梁的重量為PGFqS1397322307406Nq主主梁跨端焊接上兩塊耳板，與副主梁端梁連接，在計(jì)算時(shí)，按假想端梁截面進(jìn)行計(jì)

It于計(jì)#圖(8)與主主梁連接的端梁部分(將超出軌距的一部分所假想而成的端梁截面尺寸)I--LI--L其截面尺寸如下形心x其截面尺寸如下形心x330y632對(duì)形心軸x的慣性矩:66012312一66012312一―2660126261012403129 429.38510mm對(duì)形心軸對(duì)形心軸y的慣性矩:1240103122 1240103122 126603 9 41240103052 2 22.882109mm412端梁凈截面積A端梁凈截面積A660122124010240640mm2端梁毛截面積A06101252763720mm2一根端梁?jiǎn)挝婚L(zhǎng)度重量Fq1kAg1.178500.040649.813442.6N/m一組大車運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)重量 PGjmjg13009.8112753N司機(jī)室及其電氣設(shè)備的重量 一組大車運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)重量 PGjmjg13009.8112753N司機(jī)室及其電氣設(shè)備的重量 PGs msg40009.8139240N主主梁側(cè)假想端梁重PG3dFq1s03442.62.271.1911911.4N齦常就覆 3(11)(1)滿載小車在主主梁跨中左側(cè)端梁總靜輪壓由下圖(12)計(jì)算- 1 - - 1 —PR1 -' PQ P3x _ 2pG2 2PGsLd2LPGd1空221空221275311911.41582145N一2472120—2307406392402 2.I22由一—2.245查圖3-8行，側(cè)向力為B9.8- 1- 1 Ps1 -PR1 — 15821450.0755375N2 22滿載小車在主主梁左端極限位置左側(cè)端梁總靜輪壓為止匕處省略NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN

NN起升質(zhì)量m2mQm050000250052500kg起升載荷PQ mQmbg525009.81515025N起升鋼絲繩滑輪組的最大下放長(zhǎng)度為 lrHqHr2222.5222.5mq取Hr2.5m,Hr為吊具最小下放距離橋架跨中靜位移為PQ c3b2cc. 515025y0 S3sb 5 10248EIx2 2482.06102.757103220001850 9.954mm2查4選用彳率m4,nr2m8,Er1105MPa由鋼絲純靜拉力SPQ51502564378.125Nrv 8dc.S0.134、.64378.12534mm選用6w1977型鋼絲繩A501.52mm2起開鋼絲繩滑輪組的靜伸長(zhǎng)PQlr 51502522.510rrEPQlr 51502522.510rrErAr 8110501.5228.882mm結(jié)構(gòu)質(zhì)量影響系數(shù)m_

m234580.8525009.9549.95428.8820.043橋式起重機(jī)的垂直自振頻率f1 g 1 9.81103v2\.y0 01 23.14\9.95428.88210.0432.478Hz fv 2Hz4.水平動(dòng)剛度起重機(jī)水平動(dòng)剛度以物品高位懸掛，滿載小車位于橋架跨中的水平自振頻率來表征半橋架中點(diǎn)的換算質(zhì)量為

me0.5mGmxmQm0 0.517080.81750050000250043540.4kg半剛架跨中在單位水平力作用下產(chǎn)生的水平位移為341.1660.000029194mm/N341.1660.000029194mm/N橋式起e48EI1 4rl 482.061051.3161010重機(jī)的水平自振頻率為fH11mee212fH11mee21243540.410004.466Hz fH0.0000291941.5:2Hz架拱度橋架跨度中央的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)拱度值rL22000f0 22mm1000 1000考慮制造因素，實(shí)取y。1.4%1.42230.8mm跨度中央兩邊按拋物曲線14c設(shè)置拱度，如下圖(34)距跨中為a1■L的點(diǎn),8y考慮制造因素，實(shí)取y。1.4%1.42230.8mm跨度中央兩邊按拋物曲線14c設(shè)置拱度，如下圖(34)距跨中為a1■L的點(diǎn),8y130.84^1—64 28.875mmL2距跨中為a24的點(diǎn)，y2 30.84L21—216 23.1mmL2距跨中為a33L距跨中為a33L、上一的點(diǎn),849L2y30.8 1-24^-13.475mm第五章端梁校核主梁端部耳板設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算主主梁跨端結(jié)構(gòu)受力，工況：滿載小車位于主梁跨端，大小車同時(shí)運(yùn)行起制動(dòng)及橋架偏斜。.垂直載荷主梁最大支承力FR1529738N因Fr作用點(diǎn)的變動(dòng)引起的附加力矩為MRMrFrX115297381.031575630.14Nm按假想端梁計(jì)算自重Fq13442.6N/m計(jì)算簡(jiǎn)圖（35）端梁支座反力如圖Fvd1Fvd1ab4Fq1aFvd2截面FRaFRb1-1截面2-212 4Fq1Mr FRb圖FRa2Mr2Mrab1F2a4Fq12a221428035N24Fq12abMr115651N彎矩剪力彎矩剪力2.水平載荷端梁的水平載荷有Mxi0Fv11428035NMx2Fvd1b24Fq1b21696507.2NmFv24Fq1b14280351.1713442.61.191423238NFh，Ps2,Pxg,亦按簡(jiǎn)支梁計(jì)算，見圖（36）因Pg作用點(diǎn)外移引起的附加水平彎矩為Mxa Pxax1865241.0389119.7Nmxg xg彎矩MylPxgbMxg865241.1989119.713843.86Nm截面1-1FRHb FhL2aabr12HeLq2L21.19225.62221.1351.1351.191.738 12346102.8222.822213309NFd127687.5N剪切力FH1Frh Fd11330927687.540996.5N截面2-2在Ph,Fh,Ps2,Pxg水平力作用下，My2Fh1b40996.51.1948785.8Nm2-2處水平反力Fh22 Frh Ps2 Pg133099076386524190596N3.主梁端部耳板設(shè)計(jì)截面性質(zhì)：建立如圖示坐標(biāo)系340mmIxAx12402064426802412124020268024487.5mm2012403 12402012644487.526802431268024487.5121.12610 4IxAx12402064426802412124020268024487.5mm2012403 12402012644487.526802431268024487.5121.12610 410mm6803 1240203124020320225.71094mm1212校核截面2-2處Mx2NIxMy2XMx2NIxMy2X1696507.210312521.1261010487.548785.8103340105.7109118MPa腹板中軸處切應(yīng)力Fv2S腹板中軸處切應(yīng)力Fv2Sy142323877601601021.12610102420.43MPa合格1.截面1-1處銷軸所受剪應(yīng)力在驗(yàn)算端梁完計(jì)算，見后面?！?.2副主梁一側(cè)端梁的校核1.端梁校核載荷計(jì)算：副主梁與端梁看作是多跨靜定梁的附屬部分；主主梁對(duì)附屬部分無影響工況：取滿載小車位于主梁跨端，大小車同時(shí)起、制動(dòng)及橋架偏斜(1)垂直載荷主梁最大支承力 FR496771N圖因Fr作用點(diǎn)的變動(dòng)引起的附加力矩為MRMRFrx1 4967710.515255837Nm端梁自重Fq12656.5NmTOC\o"1-5"\h\z端梁在垂直載荷作用下按簡(jiǎn)支梁計(jì)算1 1埔梁支反力Fvd Fr 4Fq〔B496771 1.1712656.56.32506601N2 2截面1-1Mx10Fv1 Fvd 506601N截面2-21 2 1 2Mx2Fvda 4Fq1aMr5066011.109 1.1712656.51.109255837815745Nm2 2Fv2Fvd 4Fq1a5066011.1712656.51.109503151N(2)水平載荷端梁的水平載荷有Ph , Fh , Ps2 , Pxg ,按簡(jiǎn)支梁計(jì)算。因Pg作用點(diǎn)外移引起的附加水平彎矩為MxaPxax1254760.51513120Nmxg xg先求支反力：FRHb FhFRHb FhL2Ph0LGaabr1 122L22.051 106.62221.1091.1092.0511.166 129613.81.46221.462225447N端梁的水平反力FHdFrhPs2Pg5447294382547660361N水平剪切力Fh2FHd60361N彎矩My2FHdaMxg603611.1091312080060Nm截面1-1剪切力FhiFh260361N軸向力NdFch14420.5N2.強(qiáng)度校核只需校核2-2截面截面角點(diǎn)①處應(yīng)力Mx2Y1IxMy2X2IMx2Y1IxMy2X2Iy2Nd

Ad8157451033.238104009800601031.731103309214420.531360117MPa腹板邊緣的應(yīng)力Mx2y112IxMy2XMx2y112IxMy2X2Iy202NdAd381574510 40012 "_93.23810938006010 330T91.73110920214420.531360113MPa翼緣板對(duì)中軸的靜矩為Sy660124006 3120480mm3FSy660124006 3120480mm3Fv2Sy2Ix5031513120480_ _9 _23.2381091220.2MPa折算應(yīng)力為一'FvdPQ 1一_mxg

4Fq151502521 6.32—0.355010009.812656.5 ——4 2308825NFminFd Fqia3088252656.51.109305879NMmin Fvd 0.551 ///c/21.110.515 Fq10.551.110.5152q3088251.1452656.51.1452351863N卜翼緣板焊縫應(yīng)力maxMmax丫212匚- 3 __ _81574510 4001293.2381097.75MPaminmaxmin根據(jù)MminY212351863103 40012IxFmaxSy40.7hfIxFminSy40.7hfIx3.23810942.16MPa5031513120480-940.7103.238109305879312048040.7103.23810917.32MPa10.53MPaA8及Q235,下翼緣板采用雙面貼角焊縫，應(yīng)力集中等級(jí) %,查得1370MPa皿42160.43130max97.75焊縫拉伸疲勞許用應(yīng)力1.67 11.6763.0rt1 1—r0.45b630.453700.4313maxrt合格minmax10.53 0.60817.32143.75MPa按K2查得1 63.0MPa取拉伸疲勞許用應(yīng)力63.0MPart1.67 11 1 1—r0.45八1.6763.0631 1 0.6080.45370169MPart.397.6MPamax合格.穩(wěn)定性整體穩(wěn)定性h8001.293 (穩(wěn)定)b620局部穩(wěn)定性翼緣板b06005060 （穩(wěn)定）h0 1280不需設(shè)置橫隔板。80不需設(shè)置橫隔板。.校核銷軸所受的力如圖(40),耳板與端梁連接處銷軸1、4,所受垂直方向的剪力較大，而2、3受水平方向拉力，其在垂直方向幾乎不受力。只需校核受力較大的 1、4銷軸。設(shè)計(jì)銷軸直徑為d120mm

F Fvd1 Fvd2c21428035506601 967318NF Fvd1 Fvd2c21428035506601 967318N對(duì)銷軸Fc

d2967318 85.6MPa13.14—12021064對(duì)支撐板的擠壓應(yīng)力bs,設(shè)支撐板厚20mm支撐板的擠壓力FppFvd1Fvd21428035506601483659N483659bs 201.5MPabs20120bs1.7n1.7167.9285.43MPabs1.7n1.7167.9285.43MPabsbs合格.副主梁與端梁的連接副主梁與端梁采用連接板貼角焊縫連接，主梁兩側(cè)各用一塊連接板與端梁的腹板焊接，連接板厚10mm,高度h10.95hd0.95776737mm,?。?30mm接板厚主梁腹板與端梁腹板之間留有20:50mm的間隙，在組裝橋架時(shí)用來調(diào)整跨度。主梁翼緣板伸出梁端套裝在端梁翼緣板外側(cè)。用貼角焊縫 hf10mm,周邊焊住，必要時(shí)在主梁端部側(cè)，主、端梁的上下翼緣板處焊上三角板，以增強(qiáng)連接的水平剛度，承受水平剪力。副主梁最大支承力 FR496771N連接處需要的焊縫長(zhǎng)度為:lf 1.2FR 10 -496771 10436mm%lf（合格）20.7hfh20.710100至此橋架設(shè)計(jì)全部合格，橋架結(jié)構(gòu)施工圖見附圖。.專業(yè).專注..專業(yè).專注.致謝經(jīng)過近三個(gè)月的設(shè)計(jì)，我對(duì)橋式鑄造起重機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)步驟、容和方法有了更深入的了解，同時(shí)鞏固了已學(xué)的金屬結(jié)構(gòu)的相關(guān)知識(shí)，為以后的工作學(xué)習(xí)打下了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。這次設(shè)計(jì)橋式鑄造起重機(jī)的突出特點(diǎn)是工作級(jí)別高、起重量大。在設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算時(shí)高工作級(jí)別的結(jié)構(gòu)所允許的疲勞強(qiáng)度許用值很低，疲勞強(qiáng)度成為設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算的首要約束條件，因此要重點(diǎn)校核疲勞強(qiáng)度。另一個(gè)收獲就是要學(xué)會(huì)根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)受力的特點(diǎn)應(yīng)用材料，將材料用到該用的地方。而受力小的地方就盡可能少用材料。比如主腹板上側(cè)受局部壓應(yīng)力較大，則局部加厚主腹板上側(cè)部分，使其能夠承擔(dān)更大的應(yīng)力。這種有針對(duì)性的設(shè)計(jì)能最大限度地節(jié)省材料，更加合理。在設(shè)計(jì)過程中，得到了學(xué)院有關(guān)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的關(guān)心和支持，尤其是指導(dǎo)老師給了我們很大的幫助，在此對(duì)他們認(rèn)真負(fù)責(zé)的精神和付出的辛苦表示衷心的感謝。由于時(shí)間較緊，而且我也是第一次完成這樣完整的設(shè)計(jì)，由于實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)的欠缺，在設(shè)計(jì)中一定有許多考慮不周的地方。需要在今后的學(xué)習(xí)和工作中總結(jié)提高。希望各位老師和同學(xué)批評(píng)指正。參考文獻(xiàn)徐克晉主編《金屬結(jié)構(gòu)》：機(jī)械工業(yè) 1982.徐格寧主編《起重運(yùn)輸機(jī)金屬結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)》：機(jī)械工業(yè)1995.起重機(jī)器廠編《起重機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)》：人民1979.徐格寧主編《機(jī)械裝備金屬結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)》普通高等教育‘十一五’國(guó)家級(jí)規(guī)劃教材 2008.9起重機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)編寫組《起重機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)》：機(jī)械工業(yè) 1977.倪慶興、王殿臣主編《起重輸送機(jī)械圖冊(cè)》:機(jī)械工業(yè)1992.質(zhì)文、王金諾主編《起重機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)》：中國(guó)鐵道1997.道楠、盛主編《起重機(jī)課程設(shè)計(jì)》冶金工業(yè)1982.徐格寧、智浩編《重型機(jī)械學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)》 1993年第4期第14卷《鑄造起重機(jī)橋架空間結(jié)構(gòu)分析與疲勞計(jì)算》 1993.鴻文主編《材料力學(xué)》高等教育2003.附錄APortalpowerChina’srapideconomicgrowthinthepastdecadehasresultedinabigincreaseinfreighttrafficthroughthecountry’sseaports.OldportsarebeingexpandedandnewportsbuilttohandlethelargegrowthincontainerandbulkcargotrafficallalongtheChinesecoastline.China’sportexpansionprogrammehasprovidedastrongboosttothedomesticportequipmentindustry,whichhasenjoyedastrongincreaseindemandforportcranesofvarioustypes,includingcontainercranesandportalcranesalongwithbulkcargohandlingequipment.State-runChinaHarbourEngineering(group)CorporationLtd,establishedundertherulingStateCouncil,isChina’slargestsupplierofportcranesandbulkcargohandlingequipment.TheorganizationcontrolsbothShanghaiZhenhuaPortMachineryCoLtd(ZPMC),theworld’slargestmanufacturerofquaysidecontainercranes,andShanghaiPortMachineryPlant(SPMP),whichspecializesinthemanufacturerofportalcranesandothercranesusedinportsalongwithdrybulkcargohandlingequipment.SPM’PsmainmarketisChina,althoughthecompanyislookingtoexpanditsoverseassales.AlthoughlesswellknownthanitsassociateZPMC,SPMPalsooperateslargemanufacturingfacilities,andisduetomovepartofitsproductionshortlytoChangxingIslandnearShanghaiwhereZPMCalreadyoperatesalargecontainercranefabricationplant.PortalandotherharbourcranesareSPMP’smajorproductionitem.Duringthepasttwoyears,thecorporationhaswoncontractsfor145portalcranesfromportauthoritiesthroughoutChina,bothfromnewportsunderconstructionandportsundergoingexpansion.Inrecentyears,SPMPhasalsosuppliedportalcranestotheUnitedStates,Iraq,andMyanmar.TheportRangoonofMyanmarinhaspurchaseda47m,40tportalcranewhileBIWoftheUnitedStateshaspurchasedthreecranes-15t,150t,and300tportalcranes.Elsewhere,SPMPhassupplied12portalcranestoseveralportsinIraqsincetheendoftheSaddamregime.InChina,SPM’Psrecentmajorordersforportalcranesincludeeight40t,45mradiuscranesforTianjinOverseasMineralTerminal,whileYanTaiPortBureauinGuangdonginsouthernChinahaspurchasedsix40t,45mradiuscranes.Otherlargeordersincludeseven10t,25mradiuscranesforZhenjiangPortGroupandanorderof1025t,33mradiuscranesfromFangchengPortBureau,whiletheYingkouPortGrouphasordered1325t,35mradiuscranesalongwithtwo40t,44mradiusportcranes.MANYCRANESBUILTTOORDERSPMPalsosuppliesothercranesusedinportsandharbours,manyofwhicharebuilttoorderforclients.QuaysidecontainercraneshavebeensuppliedtoanumberofforeignclientsincludingBangkokPortinThailand,KaohsiungPortinTaiwan,andPortofVancouverinCanada.InChina,SPMPhassuppliedquaysidecontainercranestoShanghaiPort,TianjinPort,YinKouPort,YanTaiPortandothers.Thecompanyalsosuppliesrubber-tyredcontainergantrycranestodomesticandoverseasclients.CustomersforothercranesusedinportsincludeGuangzhouPortinGuangdong,whichpurchaseda25tfloatingcranewhileZhonggangPorthasboughttwodoubletrolley125/63tgantrycranes,alongwitha700toverheadcrane,In2003ZhonggangPortawardedacontracttoSPMPfora2,600tfloatingcrane,whichiisthelargestcranethecompanyhasmadeinrecentyears.OthercustomersincludeZhongyuanNanytongShipyardofJiangsuProvincehaspurchasedtwo300tgoliathcranesforuseinitsshipyard,whileShanghaiWaigaoqiaoShipyardusestwoofSPMP’s600tgoliathcranesforitsshipbuildingoperations.SPMPhastwofactories.TheShanghaiplantemploys2,000workerswhileafactoryinJiangsuProvinceemploys1,500workers.Thecombinedtotalof3,500workersincludes800technicalandmanagementstaffinvolvedindesigning,developing,andbuildingportalandothercranesalongwithdrybulkcargoloadingandunloadingequipment.Currently,SPMPispreparingtovacateitsShanghaifactorysiteasthecompany’sexistingplotoflandispartofariversideareaearmarkedbytheShanghaiExpoin2010.SPMP’sShanghaifactorywillcloseattheendof2006,andmovetoanewsiteonnearbyChangxingIsland.“Thenewfactorywillbemuchbiggerthanthepresentplant,”Lisaid.“Phase1willbereadyforuswhenwemoveattheendof2006. ”InadditiontomovingtheShanghaifactorytoanewsite,SPMPexpectsfuturebusinessoperationwithZPMC.OfficialsatChinaHarbourEngineering(Group)CorporationareunderstoodtohavetoldSPMPofplantsforSPMPandZPMCtoco-operatemoreinbiddingforprojectsinfuture.Bothcompaniesareexpectedtoretaintheirindividualmanufacturingcapability,however,withprecisedetailsoffutureco-operationstillsomewayfrombeingfinalised.Meanwhile,SPMPassociatecompanyZPMCisstrengtheningitspositionastheworld’slargestmanufacturerofship-to-shorecontainercranes,supplyingslightlymorethanhalftheannualinternationalcontainercranemarket.Inadditiontooperatingfourcraneproductioncomplexesforitscranemanufacturingandotherbusinesses.ZPMC’sfullrangeofproductsincludesquaysidecontainercranes,rubber-tyredgantrycranes,bulkmaterialshiploadersandunloaders,bucket-wheelstackersandreclaimers,portalcranes,floatingcranes,andengineeringvessels.Thecompanyhasalsodiversifiedintomanufacturingotherlargesteelstructuresincludinglargesteelbridges.ZPMCEXPANDINGPRODUCTIONZPMC’scranesandotherproductsareinuseatover150shippingterminalsin37countriesandregionsworldwide.BytheendofDecember2005,ZPMChadsupplied705quaysidecontainercranes,andhadordersinhandtodeliveranother128quaysidecontainercranesin2006.Inaddition,attheendof2005ZPMChaddelivered1,148rubber-tyredgantrycranestocustomersworldwideandhadordersinhandtodeliver308rubber-tyredgantrycranestocustomersin2006.ZPMCisexpandingproductionfacilitiesinexpectationthatthevolumeoforders.專業(yè).專注.willgrowinfuture.ThecompanyownsfourcraneproductioncomplexesinShanghaiandthesurroundingareaatJiangyin,Changzhou,ZhangjiangandChangxingIsland.TheChangxingproductionsite,whichwascompletedin2001,coversonemillionsqm,andhasa3.5kmcoastline.Thefacilityiscapableofmanufacturing160quaysideship-to-shorecontainercraneseachyearalongwith300rubber-tyredgantrycranesand200,000metrictonsoflargesteelbridgestructures.Planscallforafuther3millionsqmoflandtobereclaimedatChangxing,whichZPMCwilldeveloptobecomeitslargestproductioncentre.KorealooksinwardInafragmentedglobalportcraneindustry,KoreanmanufacturersarebeingforcedtolookformorebusinessintheirdomesticmarketsSouthKorea’scontainercraneandportcraneequipmentmanufacturingindustryhasbecomemorefocusedonthedomesticmarketinrecentyearsasmanufacturershavefacedtoughpricecompetitionfromZPMCofChinainmajorforeignmarkets.Theproblemisthesameasthatfacedbyotherportcranemanufacturersaroundtheworld,noneofwhichaccountformorethanaboutan8%shareoftheworldcontainercranemarket.AswellasZPMC,competitionfromEuropeanandJapaneseequipmentsuppliersisalsostrong,bothforquaysidecontainercranesandforrubber-tyredgantrycranecontracts.WhileSouthKoreanfirms-includingHyundaiHeavyIndustries,SamsungHeavyIndustries,DoosanHeavyIndustries,andHanjinHeavyIndustries-continuetobidforinternationalcontracts,winninglargeordershasbecomeincreasinglyrare.DoosanHeavyIndustries&ConstructionCoLtdisbelievedtobetheonlySouthKoreanportcranemakertohavewonalargecontainercranecontractduringthepastfewyears,withmostordersbookerbyKoreanmanufacturersbeingforlessthan10craneunits..專業(yè).專注..專業(yè).專注..專業(yè).專注.Doosanrecentlycompleteddeliveryofa42-unitrubber-tyredgantrycrane(RTGC)ordertothePortofSingaporeAuthorityPSNthatwasawardedin2004.Includingarecentcontract.DoosanhasreceivedorderstosupplythePortofSingaporewithatotalof120RTGCssince1997.TherecentbatchofRTGCsisdesignedforincreasedsafety.EschoftheRTGCsisfittedwith16wheelsinsteadoftheusualeight.“Wehavesuppliedcontainercraneslocallyandoverseas.Mostprojectsareoneortwounits,butSingaporehasbeen120units,”commentedasourceinDoosanHeavyIndustries’materialhandlingequipmentdivision. “Containercranescanliftoneortwocontainersdependingontheclient,butthetwinspreaderdesignisnormalnow.OurbiggestcontractbeforewaswithPusanPortforover10container "cranes.”BUILDINGPOWERPLANTSDoosanHeavyIndustries’majoractivitiesincludethedesign andconstructionofpowerplants.Apartfromsupplyingprotectionequipment,Doosanalsomanufacturesturbinesandgeneratorsets.Doosanhasalargecastingsandforgingdivision.OthermajoractivitiesincludetheconstructionofdesalinationplantsintheMiddleEast.ContainerporthandlingequipmentisproducedbyDoosan’smaterialhandlingequipmentdivision,whichsuppliescoalhandlingequipmentandbulkcargohandlingfacilitiesforotherindustries.PortofSingaporeAuthorityisthelargestcustomerforRTGCs.OtherrecentclientsincludeSouthernGatewayTerminalsinColombo,SriLanka,andKoreaExpressinthePortofPusan.Doosanalsosuppliesshiptoshorecontainercranes.RecentquaysidegantrycraneclientsincludeJakartaContainerTerminalinIndonesia,JawaharlalNehruPortnearMumbaiinIndia,andFrazerTerminalinVancouver.“Prospectsforourportcranesalesarenotbright.ZPMCisdominatingtheworldmarketduetoprice,”thesourcecommented.“WearelookingforprojectsnotinvovingZPMCastheyarenotconcernedwithallprojects.WegotcontractsinSingaporein2004and2005.Wehadnosuccessanywhereelse,butwearestillbiddingonvarioustenders.”DoosanisexpectedtobeoneofthebiddersforcontainercranestobeinstalledinSouthKorea’splannedKwangyangBayPortexpansion.Thecompany’sR&Ddivisionisinvolveddevelopingnewautomatedcontrolsthatwillberequiredforquaysidecontainercranesinstalledintheportexpansion.“Containercranesarewelldevelopedintechnicalterms.Thereisnothingelsetodevelopexceptforautomation,”thesourcesaid.“Wearedevelopingmoreautomatedcontrols,butthenewfeaturesarenotcommercializedyet.OurgovernmenthasaplanforKwangyangBay3-2terminalproject,whichtheyannouncedwillbedevelopedasanautomatedterminal.Wehavetoadapttothis.Thetenderhasbeenpostponedforaboutsixyears.Weexpecttheprojectwillbetenderedagainin2007or2008. ”SouthKorea’sothercontainercranemanufacturersalsoareexpectedtobidfortheKwangyangBayproject,whichislikelytobeawardedtoalocalsupplier.HyundalSamhoHeavyIndustrieswillbeamongthebiddershavingrecentlycommissionedfiveautomatedrailmountedgantrycranes(RMGCs)alsoknownasautomatedtransfercranesatPusanEastContainerTerminal(PECT).TheterminalhasbecomethefirstterminalinKoreatoinstallautomatedcranes,whichareinatnewberthsfourandfive.Thecranesstacknine-widebetweena28.5mrailgauge,andhavedualcantileverscoveringtworoadlanes.Stackheightis1over6by9ft6inhighandoperationalspeedsare150m/minforthegantry,120m/minforthetrolleyand75-80m/minfortheemptyhoist.AmongotherrecentordersthatHyundaihaswonisacontractforfourquaysidecontainercranesfromHutchisonPortHoldingsandoneforUamPort.CompetitionfromZPMCremainsthemainchallengeinwinningoverseascontractsaccordingtoHyundaiHeavyIndustriessalesmanagerLeeYongTae:“Wearetryingtogetmoreprojects,butZPMChasaverylowprice.Wewilltrytocutourpricebutwethinkitwillleadtoabadsituationinfuture. ”“ifcustomersthinkthatqualityisimportantthenweareok,butiftheyjustthinkaboutpricewecannotwintheproject.Wehaveexperienceofbuildingcranestoliftoneortwocontainers.WebuythemaincranecontrolssystemfromABBandthenuseaKoreanfabricator. ”附錄B港口起重機(jī)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)在過去的高速增長(zhǎng)已經(jīng)大幅增加了本國(guó)港口貨流量，以至于不斷擴(kuò)大老港口以及不斷修建新的港口以應(yīng)對(duì)快速增長(zhǎng)的集裝箱業(yè)務(wù)以及大宗貨物的流通。中國(guó)的港口擴(kuò)展進(jìn)程對(duì)本國(guó)港口裝備行業(yè)的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了強(qiáng)烈的刺激，這一進(jìn)程強(qiáng)烈需要大量的各種各樣的港口起重機(jī)的迅猛增加，包括集