西南大學(xué)18年12月0859《跨文化交際》大作業(yè)答案

II.Answerthefollowingquestions:(50%)1.“”issaidtobeoneofthepotentialbarriersofinterculturalcommunication.Whatis“stereotype”?Whywetakestereotypesasabarrierofinterculturalcommunication?2.Asweknow,awordinonelanguagedoesnotnecessarilyhaveacounterpartintheotherlanguage;wordsortermsinbothlanguagesappeartorefertothesameobjectorconceptonlyonthesurface,butactuallyrefertoquitedifferentthings.Explaintheculturaldifferencesofthefollowingpairsofwords:龍vs.dragon,知識(shí)分子ellectuals,社會(huì)科學(xué)vs.socialsciences,書vs.book,狗vs.dog.I．Analyzethefollowing，andthenanswerthegivenquestions.(50%)Questionfordiscussion:I:1.WhydoesJayrefusetoaskhisprofessororclassmentoclarifythedirectionsforhispaper?Inthiscase,Jay'sunwillingnesstoaskothersforhelpinunderstandinghisassignmentisasignofhismasculineemphasisonindependence.Assomescholarspointoutratherhumorously,meninvariablyresistaskingdirectionswhentheyarelostintheroadwhilewomendonothesitatetoaskstrangersforhelp.Whatwehavediscussedaboutgenderidentityhelpusunderstandthisdifference.Questionfordiscussion:Becausewomeninitiallydevelopidentitywithinthefirstrelationshipshaveanundertoneofdanger-theycouldjeopardizeindependence.SoJay'srefusaltoaskothersforhelpreflectsthemasculineemphasisonmaintainingautonomyandnotappearingweakorincompetent.UnlessEllenrealizesthisdifferencebetweenthem,Jay'sbehaviorwillcontinuetobaffleher.-1-2.CouldyouexplaintowhyMelitafeeshurtthatTeddoesn’twanttotalkandspeechtheinterculturalcommunication.Manyculturaldifferencestaketheformofnonverbaleveningalonewith？communications.Thenonverbalareaisrelativelynewandstillisbeingstudiedanddeveloped;Generallyspeaking,girls'mindsaremoredelicatethanboys'andMelitahopestogetalonghowever,mostofushavehadenoughexperiencetobeawareofitsexistenceandimportance.withTEDalonetoenhancetheirfeelings.Whentheyarealone,theycantalktoeachotherandOnemustbecarefultokeepthisareainperspectiveandtoconsidernonverbalelementsasonlyagetphysicalandspiritualcomfort.Youcan'tkissandholdhighwhenyougoout.Andtedthinkspartofthetotalcommunicationeffort—whilethenonverbalmaybeimportant,itisnotalwaysit'sfuntogoouttotheconcert.melitathinksteddoesn'tunderstandhermind,soshefeelsthewholestory.Ifapersonfrownswhilelisteningtoyouspeak,itmayindicatedoubtordisagreement;ontheotherhand,thepersonmayhaveaheadacheorthelightmaybebothersome.Itisimportantforyoutoremainalerttononverbalsignals,butitisalsoessentialthatyoudecodethemaccurately.Therearemanyexamplestoillustratethatculturaldifferencesmaybecomebarrierstononverbalcommunicationrespectively.Forexample,inUSA,theVsignwith“thetwofingersandthepalmfaceout”meansvictory,butinIndonesia,itmeansnumbertwo“whetherthepalmfacestowardsthespeakerorthepalmfacesout”.SupposeaJapanesepersonisexplainingherabsencefromnegotiationsduetoadeathinherfamily.Shemaydosowithasmile,basedonherculturalbeliefthatitisnotappropriatetoinflictthepainofgriefonothers.ForaWesternerwhounderstandssmilestomeanfriendlinessandhappiness,thissmilemayseemincongruousandevencold,underthecircumstances.Eventhoughsomefacialexpressionsmaybesimilaracrosscultures,theirinterpretationsremainculture-specific.Itisimportanttounderstandsomethingaboutculturalstarting-pointsandvaluesinordertointerpretemotionsexpressedincross-culturalinteractions.things,judgingiftheyaregoodor龍vs.dragonInChinese,龍representstheorientaldragonandisalsoasymbolofstatus.forexample,therealdragonemperorreferstothepersonwiththehighestpowerandstatus,whiletheEnglishdragonreferstoasciencefictionimaginarycreature,whichdiffersgreatlyfromtheorientaldragoninform.Duringtheprocessofcommunication,culturaldiversitymaybecomebarrierstocommunicationandmay