高一英語(yǔ)人教新課標(biāo)必修第四冊(cè)期末復(fù)習(xí)之閱讀理解精選習(xí)題

2020-2021學(xué)年高一英語(yǔ)人教新課標(biāo)必修第四冊(cè)期末復(fù)習(xí)之閱讀理解精選習(xí)題一、閱讀理解MysistersandIhaveasecretbeachofourown.It’sourmagicbeach.Wegotheremostdays.Notfarfromourhouse,it’sjustattheendofthepaththatrunsbyourhouse.Thesandissmoothandwhite,andthewaterisclearandwarm.Thedaysaresunny.MysistersandIaretheonlyoneswhoplaythere.Atourmagicbeach,weplayinthesandforhours,diggingandbuildingwithbucketsandspades,unbeatablecastlesandtowers.Wesearchintheclear,warmpools,staringatstarfish,crabsandtinyfish.Sometimes,weareafraidofpirates’(海盜)comingashoretoburytreasure.Sometimes,wepretendthatwearelostona“l(fā)onelyisland”.Wedon’twaittoberescued.No!Werescueourselves.Girlsaretough!Girlsareclever!Thebestthingaboutourbeachisthatit’smagical.Reallymagical.Onenight,whenbothmysistersandIwereonthebeach,somethingreallyspecialhappened.Sparks(火花)flewoutfromourfeeteverytimewemoved.Ifwestampedhard,thenbigsparksflew.Bluesparks!Yellowsparks!Thiswasmagic.Weknewit!Themagicwaseverywhere.Myfathersaidthatitwasjustlittle,tinycreaturesthathadbeenwashedashore.“It’sjustnature,Jane,”hesaid.ForjustamomentIfeltdisappointed.ThenIwonderedhowsuchsmallcreaturescouldgivesomuchbeautifullight.“Iguessthat’sthebestkindofmagic,”Ireplied.(1).Howdothegirlsendtheirgamesonthe“l(fā)onelyisland”?A.Theyyelledforhelp.B.Theyfoundtheirownwayout.C.Theyrangtheirparents.D.Theywaitedforpiratestosavethem.(2).Wheredothesparkscomefrom?A.Pirates’treasure.B.Plantsonthebeach.C.Tinyoceancreatures.D.Creaturesfromouterspace.(3).Whydidtheauthorfeeldisappointed?A.Thesparksdisappeared.B.Thebeachwascrowded.C.Herfathertoldherthetruth.D.Thesmallcreatureswereterrible.(4).Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Thechildren’sdreamB.ThesmallcreaturesC.ThemagicbeachD.Thetoughgirls【分析】家附近的海灘是作者的夢(mèng)幻之地,吸引著她和姐妹們每天去那里玩耍。(1).【答案】B

【解析】根據(jù)第2段最后四句,作者認(rèn)為女孩們很堅(jiān)強(qiáng)、很聰明,能自己救自己。由此可推知,在這個(gè)游戲中她們自己從“孤島”上返回。(2).【答案】C

【解析】根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第5句可知,爸爸告訴作者那些發(fā)光的物體是來(lái)自海洋的微生物。(3).【答案】C

【解析】根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知,作者原想著那是一些魔幻的亮光,但她爸爸說(shuō)那是自然的現(xiàn)象,所以作者感到有點(diǎn)失望。(4).【答案】C

【解析】根據(jù)全文可知,文章主要描述了作者家附近夢(mèng)幻的海灘給她帶來(lái)的快樂。閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Frommasksthatcanmakedrunkpeoplecleartowoodenswimmingsuits,thesestrangeinventionsarealsothemostdelightfultolookbackon.SwimmingAidsInventedin1925byItalianM.GoventosadeUdine,theseswimmingaidsweremadefrombiketiresandallowedthewearertomoveatspeedsofupto93mph.Andwhilethey’reafarcryfrombeingfashionable—orevenremotelycomfortable—atleastyoucouldmovefasterthanarunningcheetah(獵豹).Right?TheCyclomerYouliketheocean,butyouhavetogiveupyourbiketoenterit?TheCyclomerisjustforyou.InventedinParisin1932,thebikeworkedonlandandsea,andcouldcarryaloadofupto120pounds.APianoForTheBed-RiddenThis1935Britishinventionsoughttobringaidtothoseinneedratherthancatchtheminit.Thoughthisinventionneverreallytookoffandalwaysremainedinmodelstage,itwasdesignedtoenabletheill,disabledandbed-ridden(臥床不起的)toplaythepiano.HangoverMaskMadeupoficecubestocooltheface,thismaskwassaidtohelppoorsoulsoftheworldhandletheirhangovers(宿醉).ItwascreatedbyMaxFactorintheUSAin1947.Thebestwaytodealwiththem,though,isnotthroughmasksorice—butjustto,youknow,drinkless.WoodenBathingSuitsInventedinWashingtonin1929andmuchlikethetireswimmingaids,thesebarrel-likewoodenbathingsuitswerecreatedtomakeswimmingeasier.Theywerealsoadoptedasafashionstatement.(1).WhatdoSwimmingAidsandWoodenBathingSuitshaveincommon?A.Theyweremadeofthesamematerial.B.Theyusedtobesymbolsoffashion.C.Theywereinventedbythesameperson.D.Theyhelpedmakeswimminglessdifficult.(2).Accordingtothetext,theCyclomer.

A.wasaveryusefulbicycleB.costasmuchas￡120C.wasintendedforswimmingD.wasaninventionofthe1940s(3).Whatdoesthetextsayaboutthestrangepiano?A.Itusedtobeverypopular.B.ItwasbornintheUKinthe1930s.C.Itwasdesignedforhealthypeople.D.Itwasintendedtohelppatientsrecover.【分析】本文主要介紹了幾件奇怪的發(fā)明。(1).【答案】D

【解析】根據(jù)對(duì)SwimmingAids的介紹中的swimmingaids和對(duì)WoodenBathingSuits的介紹中的muchlikethetireswimmingaids,thesebarrel-bikewoodenbathingsuitswerecreatedtomakeswimmingeasier可知,這兩件發(fā)明的共同點(diǎn)是它們都讓游泳變得更容易。(2).【答案】A

【解析】根據(jù)對(duì)TheCyclomer的介紹中的thebikeworkedonlandandsea,andcouldcarryaloadofupto120pounds可知,TheCyclomer是一款非常實(shí)用的自行車。(3).【答案】B

【解析】根據(jù)對(duì)APianoForTheBed-Ridden的介紹中的This1935Britishinvention可知,這款奇怪的鋼琴在20世紀(jì)30年代誕生于英國(guó)。Tenyearsfromnow,mostofthebabyboomerswillberetiredandmillennials,bornbetween1980and2000,willmakeup75percentoftheworkforce.AnewstudyfromBentleyUniversitylooksathowmillennialpreferenceswillshapethefutureofthemodernworkplace.GiventhelovefortextingIwassurprisedbythesurvey’sconclusionthat51percentofmillennialsprefertotalkinperson,19percentemail,21percentchatortextandthephoneissodeadatonly9percent.Particularlyatthebeginningoftheircareer,millennialsneedmorerecognitionthanpreviousgenerations.Theylikepraise,andtheywantcleardirectionastowhatamanagermaybeaskingofthem,whichexplainstheirwillingnesstospeaktoacolleagueinperson.About77percentofthemillennialssurveyedsaythatflexible(靈活的)hourswouldmakethemmoreproductive,while39percentofthemwantmoreremote(遠(yuǎn)程的)working.Iwassurprisedathowlowtheremoteworkingnumberwas,butthere’sprobablysomeworrythatifthey’reoutofsight,they’reoutofmind,andtheywanttokeepupthatfacetimewiththemanager.There’sacomplaintinthestudythatmillennialsdon’thavethatgoodoldworkethic(職業(yè)道德),andaren’twillingtoputinthehoursanddevotetheirlivestotheoffice.Butisthisabadthingoranopportunity?“Whileoldergenerationsthinkoftheirjobasalargepartofwhotheyare,millennialsseeworkasapieceoftheirlifebutnoteverything,”saysLeslieDoolittleofBentley.Asaresult,millennialsseektohavemorework-lifebalance.“Frankly,”saysDoolittle,“Iseethisasahealthyadjustmenttoourworldviewofwork.”Yougettogetherwhenyouwantorneedtotalk,andhangoutifyouwanttobeseen,butotherwisegenerallyworkwhereandwhenyouwant.Thissoundsfamiliar.That’showtheofficestarted400yearsagoinEdwardLloyd’scoffeeshopinLondonandit’sprobablythewayweshouldbedesigningourofficesforthemillennialgeneration.(1).Inwhichwaydomostmillennialsprefertocommunicatewiththeirco-workers?A.Talkinginperson.B.Texting.C.Makingphonecalls.D.Sendingemails.(2).Howaremillennialsdifferentfrompreviousgenerationswhentheybegintheircareer?A.Theyexpectahighersalary.B.Theyneedmorepersonalspace.C.Theyareeagertoberecognized.D.Theyhavetroubleinface-to-facecommunication.(3).WhatisLeslieDoolittle’sattitudetowardsmillennials’viewofwork?A.Supportive.B.Ambiguous.C.Doubtful.D.Objective.(4).Whatmessagedoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthetext?A.Whytheofficeofthefutureshouldbelikeacoffeeshop.B.Howmillennialskeepabetterwork-lifebalance.C.Whatfutureworkplaceswillbelike.D.Wheremillennialswillwork.【分析】美國(guó)Bentley大學(xué)調(diào)查了出生于1980至2000年間的“千禧一代”,發(fā)現(xiàn)他們?cè)诼殘?chǎng)上更愿意與上司或同事面對(duì)面交流,喜歡靈活的工作時(shí)間,希望在工作與生活中找到平衡。作者認(rèn)為要滿足這些需求,未來(lái)的辦公室應(yīng)該被設(shè)計(jì)成咖啡店的風(fēng)格。(1).【答案】A

【解析】根據(jù)第2段第1句可知,考慮到年輕人熱衷于發(fā)短信,調(diào)查的結(jié)果卻令人驚訝,51%的“千禧一代”喜歡面對(duì)面交流,19%使用電子郵件,21%選擇聊天軟件或發(fā)短信,而打電話的只占9%。(2).【答案】C

【解析】根據(jù)第2段第2、3句可知,“千禧一代”比前幾代人更希望弄清楚工作指令,得到表?yè)P(yáng)和認(rèn)可。(3).【答案】A

【解析】根據(jù)第4段最后一句可知,LeslieDoolittle認(rèn)為“千禧一代”對(duì)工作的看法可以看作是對(duì)人們固有的工作觀的一種合理調(diào)整,因此他支持年輕人的工作觀。(4).【答案】A

【解析】根據(jù)年輕人對(duì)工作中的溝通方式、工作時(shí)間和場(chǎng)所的喜好等,作者認(rèn)為未來(lái)的辦公場(chǎng)所應(yīng)被設(shè)計(jì)成咖啡店的風(fēng)格。Beforethe20thcentury,afewattemptsweremadeintoidentifying(鑒定)andanalyzingmovementandgesture.ThefirstknownwrittenworkentirelyaddressingbodylanguageisJohnBulwer’sChirologiaOrTheNaturalLanguageoftheHand,publishedin1644.Bythe19thcentury,directorsandteachersofdramawereinstructingtheiractorsandstudentshowtoconveyemotionandattitudethroughmovementandgesture.Perhapsthemostinfluentialpre-twentieth-centuryworkwasCharlesDarwin’sTheExpressionoftheEmotionsinManandAnimals,publishedin1872.Darwindiscussedtheconnectionbetweenhumans,apes(猿),andmonkeys.Thesespeciesusesimilarfacialexpressions,inherited(承襲)byacommonforefather,toexpresscertainemotions.OutofDarwin’sworkgrewaninterestinethology:thestudyofanimalbehavior.Itproducedthemodernstudiesoffacialexpressionsandbodylanguage,andmanyofDarwin’sideasandobservationshavesincebeenprovedbyresearchersaroundtheworld.Sincethattime,researchershavenotedandrecordedalmostamillionnon-verbalsignals.AlbertMehrabian,apioneerresearcherofbodylanguageinthe1950sattheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles(UCLA),foundthatthetotalimpactofamessageisabout7%verbal(wordsonly),38%vocal(includingtoneofvoiceandothersounds)and55percentofyourmessagecomesthroughyourgestures,expressions,andpostures.Mehrabian’sideaisthatthewaypeoplecommunicateisinseparablefromthefeelingsthattheyproject,consciouslyornot,indailysocialinteractions.AlthoughsomepeoplequestionedMehrabian’sfigures,thepointremainsthatbodylanguageandvocalqualitygreatlycontributetothemeaningofthemessageanddeterminetheeffectivenessofourrelationships.ScientistRayBirdwhistellwasanotherearlypioneerintheoriginalstudyofnon-verbalcommunication.Heestimatedthattheaveragepersonactuallyspeakswordsforatotalofabouttenorelevenminutesadayandthattheaveragesentencetakesonlyabout2.5seconds.Birdwhistellalsoestimatedwecanmakeandrecognizearound250,000facialexpressions.(1).Whosebookfirstentirelydescribedbodylanguage?A.AlbertMehrabian’s.B.RayBirdwhistell’s.C.CharlesDarwin’s.D.JohnBulwer’s.(2).WhatcanbelearnedaboutDarwin’sbookmentionedinparagraph2?A.Itisthefirstonetodiscusstheoriginofspecies.B.Ithasagreatinfluenceonmanymodernstudies.C.Itshowsthatanimalbehaviorhasinfluencedhuman’s.D.Itfocusesontherelationshipbetweenhumansandanimals.(3).WhatplaysthemostimportantroleincommunicationaccordingtoMehrabian?A.Words.B.Toneofvoice.C.Bodylanguage.D.Attempts.(4).Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.SomemostpopularworksB.EarlystudiesofbodylanguageC.Non-verbalcommunication’sinfluenceD.Earlypioneersincommunicatingwithfacialexpressions【分析】本文主要介紹科學(xué)家們關(guān)于肢體語(yǔ)言的早期研究。(1).【答案】D

【解析】根據(jù)第1段第2句可知,JohnBulwer的ChirologiaOrTheNaturalLanguageoftheHand最早完整地描述了肢體語(yǔ)言。(2).【答案】B

【解析】根據(jù)第2段最后兩句可知,CharlesDarwin的書TheExpressionoftheEmotionsinManandAnimals導(dǎo)致了對(duì)動(dòng)物行為學(xué)產(chǎn)生興趣及關(guān)于面部表情和身體語(yǔ)言的現(xiàn)代研究。由此可推斷,這本書的影響很大。(3).【答案】C

【解析】根據(jù)第3段第2句可知,AlbertMehrabian發(fā)現(xiàn)在影響人們交流的因素中,語(yǔ)言(文字)占大約7%,聲音(包括語(yǔ)調(diào)和其他的聲音)占38%,手勢(shì)、表情、姿態(tài)占55%。所以肢體語(yǔ)言很重要。(4).【答案】B

【解析】本文主要介紹了幾位科學(xué)家關(guān)于肢體語(yǔ)言的早期研究。Ineverknewanyonewho’dgrownupinJacksonwithoutbeingafraidofMrsCalloway,ourlibrarian.SheranJackson’sCarnegieLibraryabsolutelybyherself.SILENCEinbigblackletterswasonsignshungeverywhere.Ifshethoughtyouweredressedimproperly,shesentyoustraightbackhometochangeyourclothes.Iwaswilling,Iwoulddoanythingtoread.MymotherwasnotafraidofMrsCalloway.Shewishedmetohavemyownlibrarycardtocheckoutbooksformyself.Shetookmeintointroduceme.“Eudoraisnineyearsoldandhasmypermissiontoreadanybookshewantsfromtheshelves,childrenoradults,”Mothersaid.MrsCallowaymadeherownrulesaboutbooks.Youcouldnottakebackabooktothelibraryonthesamedayyou’dtakenitout;itmadenodifferencetoherthatyou’dreadeverywordinitandneededanothertostart.Youcouldtakeouttwobooksatatimeandtwoonly.Sotwobytwo,IreadlibrarybooksasfastasIcouldgo:rushingthemhomeinthebasketofmybicycle.FromtheminuteIreachedourhouse,Istartedtoread,knewthiswasextremehappinessandknewitatthetime.Mymothersharedthisfeelingofmine.NowIthinkofherasreadingsomuchofthetimewhiledoingsomethingelse.IrememberherreadingamagazinewhiletakingthepartoftheWolfinagameof“LittleRedRidingHood”withmybrother’stwodaughters.She’djustlookupattherighttime,longenoughtoanswer—incharacter—“Thebettertoeatyouwith,mydear,”andgobacktoherplaceinthemagazinearticle.

(1).Whydidtheauthor’smothertakehertoMrsCalloway?A.TowarnMrsCalloway.B.Tolettheauthorreadbooksforfree.C.Tomakesuretheauthorcouldreadanybook.D.TopersuadeMrsCallowaytochangeherrules.(2).WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesMrsCalloway?A.Quiet.B.Strict.C.Humorous.D.Considerate.(3).Whatdotheunderlinedwords“thisfeeling”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Interestingames.B.LoveforMrsCalloway.C.Fearofthelibraryrules.D.Strongwishtoread.(4).Howdoestheauthor’smotherbehavewhenplayinggameswiththeauthor’snieces?A.Absent-mindedly.B.Rudely.C.Seriously.D.Generously.【分析】作者小時(shí)候喜愛閱讀,從圖書館里借閱很多書,并從中獲得巨大快樂。(1).【答案】C

【解析】根據(jù)第2段最后一句可知,作者的媽媽帶她去圖書館是為了告訴圖書館管理員,她許可作者看任何圖書。(2).【答案】B

【解析】根據(jù)第1、3段可知,MrsCalloway管理圖書館有很多規(guī)定,孩子們都很怕她,說(shuō)明她很嚴(yán)格。(3).【答案】D

【解析】根據(jù)第3、4段可知,作者喜歡閱讀,作者的媽媽也有這種感覺,她經(jīng)?？磿?即使在做其他事情時(shí)也不忘閱讀。(4).【答案】A

【解析】根據(jù)最后一句可知,作者的媽媽和作者的侄女玩游戲時(shí),她會(huì)一邊看書,一邊時(shí)而抬頭回答小孩的問(wèn)題,接著繼續(xù)看書。這說(shuō)明她心不在焉地和小孩玩游戲。6、閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。First100Words—May10,2018Author:RogerPriddyPrice:$17.81Agelevel:1-3Yourlittleonewillsoonlearnsomenecessaryfirstwordsandpictureswiththisbook.Thereare100colorfulphotostolookatandtalkabout,and100simplefirstwordstoreadandlearn,too.Thepagesaremadefromtoughboardforhoursoffunreading,andthecoverissoftlydesignedforlittlehandstohold.WhatIfEverybodySaidThat?—August1,2011Author:EllenJavernickPrice:$6.99Agelevel:3-7Ifyoutellsomeonethattheycan’tplaywithyou,there’snoharmdone,right?Butwhatifeverybodysaidthat?Whatifeverybodyforgottobekindandmadefunofotherkids’artworkatschool?Theworldwouldn’tbeaveryniceplacetolive.WhatIfEverybodySaidThat?exploresthepowerofwordsandshowskidsthatthethingswesaymatter.GiraffesCan’tDance—March1,2012Author:GilesAndreaePrice:$11.30Agelevel:4-12GiraffesCan’tDanceisatouchingtaleofGeraldthegiraffe,whowantsnothingmorethantodance.Withlongthinlegs,it’sharderforagiraffethanyouwouldthink.Geraldisfinallyabletodancewhenhegetssomeencouragingwordsfromanunlikelyfriend.Thistaleisgentleinspirationforeverychildwithdreamsofgreatness.SummerBridgeActivities—January25,2015Author:JonathanBrownPrice:$10.00Agelevel:13-15GiveyourkidsaheadstartontheirupcomingschoolyearwithSummerBridgeActivities.Thisbookseriespreventssummerlearninglossandpavesthewaytoasuccessfulnewschoolyear.Andthisisnoaverageworkbook—itkeepsthefunandthesuninsummerbreak!Designedtokeepkidsmentallyandphysicallyactive,thehands-onexercisescanbedoneanywhere.(1).Whichbookcomesouttheearliest?A.First100Words.B.GiraffesCan’tDance.C.SummerBridgeActivities.D.WhatIfEverybodySaidThat?(2).WhatcanreaderslearnfromGiraffesCan’tDance?A.Nevergiveupbeforedifficulties.B.Thepoweroffriendshipisgreat.C.Don’tlaughatothers’encouragement.D.Dreambigbeforeachievingsuccess.(3).Childrenwhobegintolearnwordscanreadthebookwrittenby_________.

A.GilesAndreaeB.EllenJavernickC.RogerPriddyD.JonathanBrown【分析】本文主要介紹了四本書的相關(guān)信息。(1).【答案】D

【解析】根據(jù)文中對(duì)四本書的出版時(shí)間的介紹可知答案。(2).【答案】A

【解析】根據(jù)文中對(duì)GiraffesCan’tDance一書的介紹中的第2、3句可知,不能一遇到困難就放棄,堅(jiān)持就是勝利。(3).【答案】C

【解析】根據(jù)文中對(duì)First100Words一書的介紹可知答案。“TodayImadeaself-drivingcar,”NyEla,10,saystoaroomofcheeringparentsandgirlsrangingfromelementarytohighschool.“Itwasprettyeasy.”Justhoursago,NyElahadneverprogrammed,andnowshewasshowingoffhercreation,agamewhereacarnavigatesaroughtrack.NyEladoveintocomputerprogrammingwiththehelpofanorganizationcalledBlackGirlsCode(BGC).BlackAmericansmakeupjust7percentoftheAmericantechnologyengineers.Just3percentareblackwomen.Theseraceandgendergapscan’tbeexplainedbylackofaccess;thedayswhenyouhadtobewealthytouseacomputerasakidhavegone.AccordingtoBarbaraJ.Ericson,aresearchscientistatGeorgiaInstituteofTechnology,thebiggestproblemnowisthattheydon’tgettheopportunitytotakecomputerscienceclassesbeforecollege.OfallthosewhotooktheAdvancedPlacementtestincomputersciencein2015,78percentweremaleandonly4percentwereblack.“Thestudentswithpreviousexperienceinthosefieldsaretheoneswhoaregoingtosucceedincollege,”Ericsonsays.BGCintroducesyoungblackwomentocomputerprogrammingbyhostingweekendcodingsessionsandpairingthemwithguides.MostoftheBGCvolunteersworkintechandareawareoftheindustry’smassivediversityproblem.“TechismostlywhiteandAsian,”saysRobertHui,aprogrammerwithNetflixwhovolunteeredhisdaytoteachthegirlstocode.“It’sbeenlikethissincecollege.”Hesaysabout25percentwerefemaleinhisentry-level(入門級(jí))undergraduatecomputerscienceclasses,butthatnumberdecreasedashemovedintomoreadvancedclasses.ButHuialsothinkschangeiscoming.Afteroneexhaustingdayofworkingthroughcomputerbugs,agirlranuptoonevolunteerandsaid,“I’mgoingtoworkatGooglewhenIgrowupandI’mgoingtorideabikeatlunch,”provingshe’salreadygotthesoulofatechie.(1).WhatwasNyElaproudof?A.Creatingacomputergame.B.Learninghowtodriveacar.C.Makingaself-drivingplane.D.Teachingcomputerprogramming.(2).WhyareblackAmericanwomenrareintechnologyjobs?A.Theycan’taffordacomputer.B.TheylacktheopportunitytosurftheInternet.C.TheyfailtopasstheAdvancedPlacementtest.D.Theycan’treachouttocomputersciencebeforecollege.(3).WhatdoesRobertHuiprobablythinkofhisvolunteerwork?A.Exhausting.B.Useless.C.Rewarding.D.Thoughtless.(4).Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ThefutureofdriverlesscarsB.BGC—changingthefaceoftechnologyC.FightingforqualityintechnologyindustryD.Computerprogramming—benefitingyourstudy【分析】BlackGirlsCode(BGC)的志愿者在周末為小學(xué)至高中的黑人女學(xué)生上編程課,激勵(lì)她們未來(lái)從事科技領(lǐng)域的工作。(1).【答案】A

【解析】根據(jù)第1段第3句可知,就在幾個(gè)小時(shí)前,NyEla還沒有編過(guò)程序,現(xiàn)在她卻在展現(xiàn)她的作品——一個(gè)汽車在崎嶇不平的道路上行駛的游戲。(2).【答案】D

【解析】根據(jù)第2段第4句可知,黑人女性在科技崗位中占少數(shù)是因?yàn)樗齻冊(cè)谏洗髮W(xué)之前沒有機(jī)會(huì)上計(jì)算機(jī)課。(3).【答案】C

【解析】根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第2、3句可知,RobertHui說(shuō)在他的計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)入門課程中,大約有25%是女生,但隨著他進(jìn)入更高級(jí)的課程,這個(gè)數(shù)字減少了。但他也認(rèn)為變化即將來(lái)臨。由此可知,他認(rèn)為他的志愿者工作是有意義的。(4).【答案】B

【解析】本文講述了BGC機(jī)構(gòu)為改變黑人女性在科技行業(yè)中占少數(shù)的現(xiàn)狀而組織她們學(xué)習(xí)編程的故事。故選B,BGC改變科技的面貌,此處face暗指從業(yè)人員的膚色。Incountrieswherepeopleareenjoyinggreaterwealth,meatsonthetablecanbeasymbolofbeingwelloff.Yet,fewpeoplestoptoconsidertheharmfulresultsofheavymeateating.Yearsago,thatgreatHungarianphilosopherofscience,ErvinLászló,saidthatheavymeateatingwasacrimeagainstthefutureofhumanity.Howfar-sightedhiswordswere.Therearethreemainreasonswhyweshouldeatlessmeat.Firstly,wemayreducefactoryfarms.Secondly,toreducetheshockingdamagethemeatproductionindustrybringstotheenvironmentanditscontributiontoclimatechange.Andfinally,toimprovehumanhealth.Mostpeopledonotrealizetheunspeakablecrueltysufferedbyanimalsonfactoryfarms.Andsomewhoknow,donotreallycare.Theysaythat,afterall,theanimalsarekeptforfood.Somepeoplesaywhentheystoppedeatingmeattheyimmediatelyfeltbetter,lighter.Itiswellknownthattoomuchredmeatbringsbadeffectstohumans,andmeatconsumptioncertainlyplaysaroleintheglobalriseinobesity.Antibiotics(抗生素)arenowsuppliedonaregularbasisjusttokeepanimalsaliveinthecrowdedanddepressingconditionsinthefactoryfarms.Inevitablybacteriaarebuildingupresistance(耐藥性),andsomepeoplehavealreadydiedfromsimpleinfections(感染)thatrefusedtorespondtotheantibioticsmeanttocurethem.Hugeareasofforestarecutdowntogrowthegraintofeedthebillionsofanimalsweeateachyear,ortoprovidegrass.Hugeamountsofwaterarewastedtochangevegetableproteinintoanimalprotein.Thenwemustconsiderthelargequantityofmethaneproducedbythedigestivesystemsoftheanimals,especiallycows.Andfinally,thevastamountsoffossilfuelsusedtokeepthewholemeatproducingindustryoperationalareaddinghugelytothegreenhousegases.(1).WhydoestheauthormentionErvinLászlóinparagraph1?A.Toexplainwhypeopleenjoyeatingmeat.B.Toraisepeople’svoiceagainstcrueltytoanimals.C.Tosupporthisargumentagainstheavymeateating.D.Toshowthateatingmeatisforbiddeninsomecountries.(2).Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.Thebenefitsofheavymeateating.B.Themainreasonsforeatinglessmeat.C.Thebadinfluencesofclimatechange.D.Thedisadvantagesoffactoryfarms.(3).Whatcanweinferabouttheanimalsinthefactoryfarms?A.Theyarewell-treatedonfarms.B.Theyarekeptforentertainment.C.Thenumberofantibioticsinthemisdecreasing.D.Eatingtheirmeataffectsbacterialresistanceinthehumanbody.(4).Howdoesmodernmeatproductioninfluencewater?A.Bydestroyingwatersources.B.Byputtingfossilfuelsintowater.C.Bypollutingwaterwithanimalwastes.D.Bywastingmuchwatertogrowfoodforanimals.【分析】大量吃肉不僅會(huì)使養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)的動(dòng)物遭到虐待,會(huì)危害人體健康,而且會(huì)對(duì)環(huán)境造成巨大的破壞。(1).【答案】C

【解析】根據(jù)第1段最后兩句可知,幾年前,偉大的匈牙利科學(xué)哲學(xué)家ErvinLászló曾說(shuō)過(guò),吃大量的肉是危害人類未來(lái)的罪行。他的話是多么有遠(yuǎn)見。再結(jié)合下文作者對(duì)吃肉的態(tài)度可知,作者提及ErvinLászló是為了支持他少吃肉的論點(diǎn)。(2).【答案】B

【解析】通讀第2段可知,本段主要介紹了人們應(yīng)該少吃肉的主要原因。(3).【答案】D

【解析】根據(jù)第3段最后兩句可知,為了讓動(dòng)物在擁擠壓抑的養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)里生存,抗生素被定期使用。動(dòng)物體內(nèi)會(huì)有抗生素殘留。如此一來(lái),人類在吃肉后,人體內(nèi)的細(xì)菌的耐藥性也不可避免地不斷增強(qiáng)。(4).【答案】D

【解析】根據(jù)最后一段第1、2句可知,為了將植物蛋白轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)物蛋白,大量的水被浪費(fèi)掉了。由此可知,在現(xiàn)代肉類的生產(chǎn)中,大量的水被用于種植谷物來(lái)喂養(yǎng)動(dòng)物。I’dbeenatCampEggletonforonlytwodaysbeforeIgotmynickname(綽號(hào)),ScreamingToad.Whenwewereonourfirstnaturewalk,atreefrogdroppedontomyshirt.Iscreamed.Ididn’tevenknowIcouldmakeasoundlikethat.Mostkidslaughedandforgotit.ButStanwouldn’t.Threedayslater,MrMatttolduswewouldplayagame.Thetwo-personteamtofindthemosttreasureshiddeninthewoodsgetssomeicecream.MrMattstartedreadingoffpairsofnames.Mynerves(神經(jīng))gotcompletelyfriedwhenhesaid,“Andfinally,JayandStan.”“Ifthemosquitoes(蚊子)arebitingyou,justaskScreamingToadtoeatthemforyou,”Stancalledout.Onekidlaughed,butmostwerealreadybusylookingfortreasures.ThenIhadanidea,“Stan,ifwesplitup,we’llhaveabetterchanceoffindingstuff.”Stanagreedandwalkeddownthepathalone.

Tenminuteslater,Iheardsomethingthatremindedmeofmyselfafewdaysago.Irantowardthesound.Stanwasjumpingaroundlikeamonkey,screaming:“Ants!Ants!”Iledhimintoamudpuddle(泥坑).Hewassurprisedatfirst,andthenhemusthaverealizedwhyIwasdoingit.Theitch(癢)wasgoingawayandsoweretheants.“Iguessyou’regoingtohaveaprettygoodstoryforeveryonelater,”Stansaidworriedly.“Iguessso.You’llprobablybeknownasDancingAntfromnowon.”Thatnight,weallsataroundthecampfire.IcouldseeStan’sworryasclearasdaylight.Hewaswaitingforit.ButIsaidnothing.Iknewhowitfelttobelaughedat.Thenextday,whenIwaspickedforabasketballteam,someonecalled,“Nofair!ScreamingToad’sanaturaljumper!”Stanshoutedback,“Knockitoff.HisnameisJay.”(1).WhydidJaygethisnickname?A.HeofferedtohelpStan.B.HesignedupforCampEggleton.C.Hegavetheotherboysnicknames.D.Heshoutedloudlywhenatreefrogfellonhim.(2).Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“splitup”probablymeaninparagraph3?A.Unite.B.Separate.C.Apologize.D.Share.(3).WhydidJaybringStantothemudpuddle?A.TomakeStancalmdown.B.Togivehimachancetosaysorry.C.Todriveawaytheantsandtheitch.D.TopreventStanfromhurtinghimself.(4).Whatcanwelearnfromthestory?A.Twohea