級5-10基礎(chǔ)英語課件-非謂語動(dòng)詞

非謂語動(dòng)詞不是用作句子謂語，而是用于擔(dān)任其他語法功能的動(dòng)詞，叫非謂語動(dòng)詞。不像謂語動(dòng)詞那樣要受主語人稱、數(shù)等因素的限定，所以又稱作非限定動(dòng)詞。相同點(diǎn)可以有賓語可以被狀語修飾可以有“體”式和語態(tài)的變化可以有自己的邏輯主語可以有賓語Heboughtahouse.Hewasconsideringbuyingahouse.Hewantedtobuyahouse.可以被狀語修飾Healwaysgetsup

veryearly.Heisusedtogettingupearly.可以有“體”式和語態(tài)的變化Shehasfinishedherjob.Havingfinishedherwork,shewenthome.Sheistreatedfairly.Sheinsistedonbeingtreatedfairly.可以有自己的邏輯主語Mywifeoftenworkslate.Idislikemywife’sworkinglate.Itwasahotday.Itbeingahotday,westayedhome.區(qū)別可以起名詞作用Yourdutyistolookafterthechildren.起形容詞作用Thevaseisbroken.Heisanicepersontoworkwith.起副詞作用Theyareworkinghardtowinstillgreatervictory.Themancamein,supportedbytwonurses.動(dòng)詞不定式分詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)名詞不定式（theInfinitive

）不定式（theInfinitive

）主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone進(jìn)行式tobedoing完成進(jìn)行式tohavebeendoing動(dòng)詞不定式

作主語作表語作賓語作補(bǔ)語作定語

作狀語to…onlyto,inorderto,soasto,so(such)…asto…

用作介詞的toadmitto，confessto，beaccustomedto，beusedto，stickto，turnto，devoteoneselfto，bedevotedto，lookforwardto，payattentionto構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語結(jié)構(gòu)Besaid(reported,knownetc)+todoShanxiisknowntohaverichcoalreserves.Seem(happen,appear,prove,tendetc.)+todoIhappenedtobeoutwhenshecalled.Belikely(certain,sure,willing,anxious,ready,bound,eager,reluctantetc.)+todoTheyarelikelytosucceed.省to的動(dòng)詞不定式情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(除ought外，oughtto)使役動(dòng)詞let,have,make感官動(dòng)詞see,watch,lookat,notice,observe,hear,listento,smell,feel,find等后作賓補(bǔ)wouldrather(sooner)，hadbetterwhy…/whynot…h(huán)elp可帶to，也可不帶tobut和except：but前是動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，后面出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)詞用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式由and,or和than連接的兩個(gè)不定式，第二個(gè)to可以省去通常在discover,imagine,suppose,think,understand等詞后，可以省去tobe注意不定式的邏輯主語For+名詞（代詞賓格）+不定式ItisdifficultforhimtolearnEnglish.在表示人物性格、特點(diǎn)等形容詞的后面，用of來引出不定式的邏輯主語Itwaswiseofhimtodothat.連接詞+不定式(Wh-+Infinitive)不定式前有連接詞(whether,what,which,whom,where,when,how),該結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語，主語或表語分詞現(xiàn)在分詞的形式：主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone過去分詞的形式：因?yàn)楸旧砭捅硎颈粍?dòng)與完成的意義，所以只有一種形式done。II.

分詞用法主要起形容詞和副詞的作用，在句中可作定語、表語、狀語、主語補(bǔ)足語和賓語補(bǔ)足語。Telltheboyplayingtherenottomakesomuchnoise.(作定語，表主動(dòng))Wecanonlyseethepartofthemoonlightedbythesunlight.(作定語，表被動(dòng))Thestoryofhislifesoundsinteresting.(表語，物的性質(zhì))Heappearedsatisfiedwithourperformance.(作表語，表示人的感情)Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.(作狀語，與主語主動(dòng)關(guān)系)Givenbetterattention,thetreescouldgrowbetter.(作狀語，與主語被動(dòng)關(guān)系)Themachinewillbekeptrunningfortwodays.(作主語補(bǔ)足語，與主語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系)Ourviewshavetobemadeknowntothemall.(作主語補(bǔ)足語，與主語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系)Iheardsomeoneknockingatthedoor.(作賓語補(bǔ)足語，與賓語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系)Youshouldkeepherinformedofwhatisgoingonhere.(作賓語補(bǔ)足語，與賓語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系)比較：see,feel,hear,watch,notice等動(dòng)詞后可接不帶to的不定式，也可接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，但二者有所區(qū)別。現(xiàn)在分詞表示動(dòng)作在進(jìn)行；不定式表示動(dòng)作的完成，即全過程。如：Shesawthemangettingonthetruck. (正在往車上爬)Shesawthemangetonthetruckanddriveoff. (已經(jīng)爬上了車)III.

現(xiàn)在分詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)Thehousebeingbuiltisabigproject.(現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式作定語，修飾的名詞正在被建)Nothavingmethim,Ican’ttellyouwhatheislike.(分詞完成式，表示動(dòng)作先于謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生)Havingbeengivensuchagoodchance,howcouldshegiveitup?(分詞完成被動(dòng)式，表示動(dòng)作先于謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生，且與主語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系)Havingbeentoldthatsomeguestswerecoming,sheshoppedallmorninginthatsupermarket.（同上）分詞

作定語作表語作賓語補(bǔ)足語作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作狀語時(shí)的用法比較Michaelusedtolookhurtandsurprisedwhenscolded.Workinghard,youwillsucceed.獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)

(theAbsoluteConstruction)獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)是帶有自己邏輯主語的結(jié)構(gòu)，又稱獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。作為句子的一個(gè)語言單位，其行文簡單明了，功能多樣。獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)的形式I.

名詞/主格結(jié)構(gòu)＋非謂語動(dòng)詞形式Herearethefirsttwovolumes,thethirdonetocomeoutnextweek.Theplanhavingbeenmade,whatisimportantistoputitintopractice.Thedutycompleted,hehadthreemonths’leave.II.

名詞/主格代詞＋形容詞Shelookedathimexpectantly,hereyesfullofexcitementandcuriosity.III.

名詞/主格代詞＋介詞短語Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,chalkinonehand,atextbookintheother.IV.名詞/主格代詞＋副詞Classover,allthestudentswentoutfromtheclassroom.V.名詞/主格代詞＋名詞Shesataloneintheroom,heronlycompanyadyingfire.注意：以上獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)都可看成是帶being的分詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的省略形式。加入being就變成了分詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),如：Herearethefirsttwovolumes,thethirdone(being)tocomeoutnextweek.Heenteredtheroom,hisnose(being)redwithcold.VI.

介詞with/without引導(dǎo)的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成：

+①todo+②doing/donewith/without+名/代詞+③形容詞

+④介詞短語

+⑤副詞如：Withfiveminutestogobeforethelasttrainleft,wearrivedatthestation.Withtheoldmanleadingtheway,thetwostartedtowardsthemountains.Shefeltnervous,withalleyesfixedonher.Neversleepwiththewindowopeninthewinter.Hiswifecamedownthestairs,withhertwo-year-oldsoninherarms.WithJohnaway,we’vegotmoreroom.VII.“Therebeing+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)Therebeingnomoneyleft,wehavetochangeourplan.Therebeingnospareparts,theequipmentcouldnotberepairedatonce.獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)的句法功能獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)在句中多作狀語，表示時(shí)間、條件、原因、方式、伴隨或補(bǔ)充說明，偶爾也作定語或主語（如最后兩例句），如：Thebellringing,allthepupilswentintotheclassroom.(時(shí)間狀語)Weatherpermitting，thefootballmatchwillbeplayednextSunday.（條件狀語）Thequestionbeingratherdifficult,wemusttaketimetoconsideritcarefully.（原因狀語）Thebravemanfoughttheman-eatingtiger,astickhisonlyweapon.（方式狀語）HowcanIworkwithyoumakingallthatnoise?（伴隨狀語）Thewarwasover,withoutashotbeingfired.（結(jié)果狀語）Alittleboywithtwoofhisfrontteethmissingranintotheroom.（定語）Jennyintroublewasthereasonformyrushingthere.（主語）動(dòng)名詞I.動(dòng)名詞形式與現(xiàn)在分詞相同:v+ing主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendoneII.用法：①具有動(dòng)詞特征，可帶有自己的賓語和狀語，構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞短語；②具有名詞特征，可以有自己的邏輯主語；③在句中可作主語、賓語、表語和定語。Smokingisnotgoodforyourhealth.（主語）Itisawasteoftimediscussingsuchmatters.（主語）Formanyyears,hehasneverstoppedreadingEnglish.（做動(dòng)詞賓語）OnhearingthatTomhadpassedhisexamination,Iranghimup.（做介詞賓語）常用動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞及短語動(dòng)詞有：allow,permit,mind,enjoy,finish,abandon，avoid,deny,miss,escape,consider,admit,risk,complete,can’thelp,giveup,leaveoff,putoff,keepon…Whathelikesisplayingchessaftersupper.（表語）Hemaybeinthereadingroom,forallIknow.（定語）動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞做定語的比較：①動(dòng)名詞和它所修飾的名詞沒有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，它多表示被修飾的名詞的功能、用途；②現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，它與所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系，分詞的動(dòng)作是由被修飾的名詞發(fā)出的。如：動(dòng)名詞作、現(xiàn)在分詞作定語區(qū)別動(dòng)名詞現(xiàn)在分詞sleeping-car臥車sleepingchild酣睡的孩子workingmethod工作方法workingpeople勞動(dòng)人民singingpractice歌詠練習(xí)singinggirl歌女III.

動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)Iapologizefornothavingkeptmypromise.（完成式做賓語）Thechilddidn’tmind(his/him)beingleftaloneathome.（被動(dòng)式做賓語）Afterhavingbeeninterviewed,hewasofferedthejob.（完成被動(dòng)式做狀語）Hepridedhimselfonhavingneverbeenbeateninchess.（完成被動(dòng)式做賓語）動(dòng)名詞作賓語admit，appreciate，avoid，consider，delay，dislike，enjoy，escape，excuse，face，fee