2022年河南省洛陽市高考英語模擬試卷（4月）（附答案詳解）

2022年河南省洛陽市創(chuàng)新發(fā)展聯(lián)盟高考英語模擬試卷（4月）AXi'anenjoysareputationsasanLivingHistoryMuseum"duetoitsrich,diversecollectionofhistoricalandculturaltreasures.ApartfromtheTerracottaWarriors,therearealsosomeotherattractionsinthecity.Herearesomeofthem.AncientCityWallXi'anCityWallwasbuiltinthe14thcenturyintheMingDynastyasamilitarydefensesystem.NowitisoneoftheoldestandbestpreservedChinesecitywalls.Thewallisnowalandmark,dividingthecityintoinnerandouterareas.GiantWildGoosePagoda（塔）Situatedinanancienttemple,thepagodabuiltwithlayersofbrickswasbuiltintheTangDynasty.ltistraditionalChinesearchitecture.OneofthemainfunctionsofthepagodawastostoreBuddhistscriptures（經(jīng)文）andfigurinesbroughttoChinafromIndiabythefamousmonkandtravelerXuanZang,whostayedherefor19yearstranslatingBuddhistscriptures.ShaanxiHistoryMuseumTheShaanxiHistoryMuseum,builtin1991,ishometoover370,000preciousrelicsunearthedinShaanxiovertheyears.Themuseumconsistsofthreemainsections.Itscollectionsrangefrombronzeware（器血）topotteryware,goldandsilverwareandmuralpaintingsfromtheTangDynastytombs.TheMuslimQuarterOneofthehighlightsisitslocalsnackswhenyoutourXian.ThebestfooddestinationistheMuslimQuarter,whichhasahistoryofseveralhundredyears.Consistingofanumberoffoodstreets,theareahasbecomeafamousattractioninthecityforitsrichandauthenticMuslimculturalatmosphere.InwhichplacecanyouknowmoreaboutBuddhism?A.AncientCityWall. B.GiantWildGoosePagoda.C.ShaanxiHistoryMuseum. D.TheMuslimQuarter.WhatcanyoudowhenyouvisittheMuslimQuarter?Createsomebronzewares.Eatdiversedelicioussnacks.Visitsomewatchtowers.TranslateBuddhistscriptures.Whatdoyouknowfromthetext?TheShaanxiHistoryMuseumhasexhibitsmadeofgold.XuanZangdiedintheGiantWildGoosePagoda.TheXi*anCityWallistheoldestChinesecitywall.TheMuslimQuarterhasahistoryof100years.BHuaShengandLuSheng,aretiredTibetancouple,havebecometrailblazers（開拓者）ofgrapegrowingandwinemakingintheiroldages.LuShenglearnedgrapeplantingandwinemakingfromhergrandmother'ssister.Sincetheyretired,thecouplehavemovedtoLhasafromthevillageofYakhadi.Thoughthefactthattheregion'scapital,whichis3,600metersabovesealevel,isconsideredunfitforgrowinggrapes,LuShengandHuaShengbegananambitiousprojectin2015,plantinggrapesinTsalna,atowninthesuburbofLhasa.Theyreceivedsupportfromthelocalgovernment,whichiscommittedtodevelopingbusinessandtheeconomy.Thecouple'sprojectprovidesjobsforruralresidents,and,asaresult,thegovernmenthasconsideredtheprojectpartofitspovertyreliefprogram."LhasaisanidealplaceforplantingFrenchgrapevarietiesthatareresistanttocold,droughtanddisease,andadaptabletohigh-altitudeandopen-airplanting,°LuShengsaid."Thankstotheplateau'ssunshineandorganicplanting,ourgrapesgrowverywellhereinLhasa.Thegrapesareabitsourandsweet,andtheyhaveahighanthocyanin（花青素）content,"shesaid.Anthocyanins,whichareingrapecellsandcontributerichcolortowine,arewater-soluble（水溶性的）.In2018,HuaShengandLuShengexpandedtheirproject,plantingonnearly6.67hectares.InordertofamiliarizeTibetanfarmerswithgrapeplantingandwinemaking,theytaughttheskillstolocalvillagers."Wehavesuccessfullytaughtthelocalfarmershowtogrowgrapesandmakewineoverthethreeyears.Theynowhaveanewsourceofincomebesidestraditionalfarmingandherding,"HuaShengsaid.Yudron,aresidentofNam,saidshewasgratefultothegrapeplantingprojectinhervillage,whichhascontributedtoherincomeandqualityoflife.nAfterworkinginthevineyardsfbryears,nowweknowhowtomakewine.Wedrinkbothbarleyandgrapewinenow.Welovegrapewinemore,though,asitishealthier.'*Whatdidthecoupledoaftertheirretirement?TheygrewgrapesandmadewineinLhasa.TheymadefriendswithaFrenchexpert.TheymovedtoanothercityfromLhasa.TheylearnedgrapeplantingfromHuaSheng'sgrandmother.Whywasthecouple'sprojectthoughtofasapovertyreliefprogram? Theydonatedgrapestolocalschools.Theyprovidedfreewinefbrvillagers.Theyemployedlocalresidentsasworkers.Theyexpandedtheprojectwiththelocalgovernment.Whichisthefunctionofanthocyanins?Theymakegrapesmoredelicious.Theycanacceleratethegrowthofgrapes.Theymakegrapesabitsourandsweet.Theyproviderichcolorsforwine.Fortheprojectconductedbythecouple,Yudronis.A.appreciativeB.cautious C.indifferentD.hesitatecTobogganing,orsledding(雪橇),likelycomesbeforethecolonizationofNorthAmerica.RecordsshowthatCanada*sFirstPeoplesusedsmallsledstotransporttheirbelongingsandfoodbetweencamps,RaymondFlowerwritesinTheHistoryofSkiingandOtherWinterSports.Butmodern-daysledracescantracetheiroriginsbacktotheSwissAlpsinthelate1800swhenBritishtouristsdecidedtoraceinwoodenluges(asledusedbyoneperson)thatlocalshadusedtotravelthroughsnow.TheoriginisdebatableinsnowynorthernNewYork,however,wherethere'sevidencethatAlbanyheldbobsled(asledusedbytwoormorepeople)racesasearlyas1885.Wherevertheybegan,sledracesquicklybecamepopular.ThefamousCrestaRun,namedaftertheSwisstownnearthebaseofitscourse,wasbuiltin1885usingsnowbanks.Thefirstorganizedcompetitionwasin1898,hostedbythefirstbobsledclubinnearbySt.Moritz(acityinSwitzerland).Itwasthenthatsleddingbegantoseparatefromthelugetoincludetwonewsports：bobsledding,andskeletonsledding(俯式雪橇),CrestaRunisconsideredthebirthplaceoftheskeletonsparticularlydaringformofsled-ding.Unliketheluge,wherecompetitorsridefeet-firstonasledwithmetalrunners,theskeletonsleddingisasteelsledwithaslimappearance.Ridersliedownonthesledheadfirst,thendropsuddenlydownanicetrack.Bobsledding,meanwhile,involvesteamsoftwotofourinwhichthepersoninfrontcontrolsdirectionsandtheplayerinbackbrakeswhenneeded.ltearneditsnameaftercompetitorsstartedswingingbackandforthtospeedupthesled.Bobsleddinginitiallyovertookskeletonsleddinginpopularity,becomingoneofahandfulofsportsplayedatthefirstWinterGamesin1924.TheskeletonsleddingwaslimitedtotheCrestaRunfordecadesbecauseotherbobruns(雪橇滑道)aroundtheworldwerenotbuiltforthesteelskeletonsled.Butinthe1970s,adjustmentsweremadetoboththeskeletonandbobrunsinordertoincludetheeventatfuturewintergames.WhatcanweinferaboutRaymondFlower?A.Heisawriter.Heisgoodatsledding.Heinventedthesleddingrace.Hesetthefirstrecordofsledding.Howdoesskeletonsleddingdifferfromtheluge?Skeletonsleddingrunsonmetalrunners.Skeletonsleddingdoesn*thavebackbrakes.RidersonSkeletonsleddingsledwiththeirfeet.Skeletonsleddingneedsplayerstoliedownonitheadfirst.Whatlimitedthepopularityofskeletonsledding?A.Itsspecialshape. B.Itsspeed.C.Itssteelrunners. D.Itsunsuitableadjustments.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?Whyissleddingsopopular?HowdidsleddingdevelopinSwitzerlandWhataresleddingadventuresabout?HowdidpeoplekilltimeinNorthAmerica?DNotplaisaLondon-basedfirmthatmakesaseaweed-basedsubstituteforsingleuseplasticpackaging.AlthoughsomeofNotpla'sproductsaresuitabletobeeaten,theyaredesignedtobedissolved（溶解）afterusage.Thecompanysfilmwrapismadeofseaweedlininginsteadofaconventionalplasticbasedcoating.Thismakesthefilmfullybiodegradableandidealforuseaspackagingforcupboardandbathroomsupplieslikecoffeeandtoiletpaper.AccordingtotheUnitedNations,331millionkilogramsofplasticgarbageisproducedannuallyaroundtheworld.Roughly60%oftheestimated9.15billiontonsofplasticproducedsincetheearly1950shasbeentakentolandfillsorabandonedoutdoors.Plasticsharmthewater,theair,andourbodies.Manyexpertsagreethatsingle-useplasticsareunnecessaryanddangerous.SomegovernmentsandtownsintheUniteStateshavetakenaction.NewYorkhasbannedmostplasticshoppingbags,whileplasticstraws（吸管）havebeenbannedinMiamiBeach.Overseas,IndiastatedinAugustthatitplanstoputawidebanonsingle-useplasticsthisupcomingsummer,withtheEuropeanUnionalreadythisban.Seaweedcomesinavarietyofspeciesandcanbeharvestedorfarmed.Norplausesplantsthathavebeenfarmed.RodrigoGarciaGonzalezandPierrePaslie,theinventorsofNotpla,initiallyconsideredseaweedasasolutiontotheworld'splasticproblemforseveralreasons.Seaweedisabundantandgrowsquickly.Additionallyitdoesn'tcompetewithlandcropsandishighlyfavoredfbritsabilitytoremovesomewasteproductslikecarbonfromtheatmosphere.IncooperationwiththeonlinefoodorderingserviceJustEat,thestartuprecentlytesteditsproduct.Lastyear,thetwocompanieshandedout30,000takeawayboxesatvariousUKrestaurants.PlansareintheworkstooffertheboxesacrossEuropein2022.Norpla'steamintendstoreplacesingleuseplasticinthesupplychainmoregenerallyastheyscale.Thecompanyrecognizesthedifficultyofsuchajobgiventhevolumeofplasticsconsumedaroundtheworld.Howdoestheauthormainlydevelopparagraph2?A.Bycomparingfacts. B.Bypresentingfigures.C.Byraisingquestions. D.Bygivingexamples.Whatcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword''implementing1'inparagraph3?A.lifting B.protectingC.opposingD.performingWhatdoesparagraph4mainlytalkabout?Thewideuseofseaweed.Thenextgoalofthenewstudy.Thehugemarketoftheplasticbags.Theadvantagesofchoosingseaweed.Whatdoesthecompanythinkofitsplantoreplacethewholesingleuseplastic?A.Itwillbeunpractical. B.Itwillberichlyrewarded.C.Itwillbealittletough. D.Itwillberathersuccessful.Truebeautyisnotfoundinlooks.(1)Changingthewayyouthinkaboutbeautywillgiveyoulife-longconfidence.Placeyourbeautyinyouridentitybutnotyouridentityinyourbeauty.Ifyouholdontoyouthfulbeautyasanarrowdefinitionofyourself,youwon'tenjoyyourlooksasyouage.(2)Mirrorstellusonlyapartofwhatweshowtotheouterworld.Gopastyourreflectionandseetherealself!Thefountainofyouthdoesn*texist.Despitemanyanti-agingproducts,thereisnomagicsolutiontostoppingtheeffectsofaging.Youshouldstopdevaluing(貶低)yourselfjustbecauseyouaregettingolder.Aimforahealthylifeandkeepyourselfstrongandfit.Eathealthydietandbecommittedtoadailyexerciseroutine.Lotsofeffortsareneeded.⑶Beautyrelatestophysicalandpsychologicalaspects.(4)HowevenSerenaWilliamsneverhidesherunusualmuscularphysique.Instead,hershowinghermusclesenhancesherappeal.Manyfansthinksheisbeautiful.Thisprovesthatlookingbeautifulandattractivegoesbeyondourlooks.(5)Beautymatterstoallwomen,buttothosewhoagebeautifully,itmattersneithertoomuchnortoolittle.Doenjoyourlivestothefullest,Truebeautyisaboutacceptingyourself.ltisalsoaboutfeelinggoodaboutyourself.A.Everyonedoesit.B.Itcomesfromtheinside.C.Gobeyondyourmirrorimage.D.Youwillfeelbetteroveralongterm.E.It'shumannaturetobelievebeautyiseverything.F.Peoplegenerallythinkbeautyisonlyaskin-deepissue.G.Belessscaredofagingandyouwilllookmorebeautiful.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.F.FG.G

F.F17.A.AEF.FB.BG.GC.CD.DE.18.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G19.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G20.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.GImustadmitIamnotaverygoodlistener.Butwhatreally(21)metobecomeagoodlistenerwashelpingmywifeasshe(22)fromhertrachea(氣管)surgery.Shecouldn'ttalkforalmostamonthbecauseofthe(23).Shehadapad(便箋本)andwouldwritedownherthoughtsand(24).Ofcoursethatwasveryslowand(25)andIcouldseethegrowing(26)eachday.Ifoundmyselftryingto(27)whatshewasthinkingsinceIknewshedidn'thavethe(28)towriteeverythingdown,soI(29)foundmyselftryingto(3Q)theworldfromhereyes.Mywifecouldn't(31)whichneededpayingcloserattentionandmademeagoodlistener.Becauseshecouldn'twriteouteverywordshewantedtospeak,shehadtobemore(32)aboutthewordsshechose.Becauseofthis,ourcommunicationbecamemore(33)andwepaidcloserattentiontowhattheother(34)hadtosay.Afterthis(35)Icouldn'thelpthinkingabouthowthismighthelppeoplewhoarehavingrelationshipproblems.1thinkthatifoneortwopersons(36)theonlywaytheycould(37)waswritingtheirthoughtsandcommentsdown.Ibelieveitwouldbeincrediblygoodtherapy(andhelppeople(38)alotofproblems.Whynotgiveitashotifyouarehavingany(39)withsomeone.Theydon*thavetoagreetothenotalking(40)becausethisexperimentcanbecarriedoutbyjustoneperson.21.A.causedB.forbadeC.assistedD.ordered22.A.departedB.recoveredC.escapedD.retired23.A.surgeryB.accidentC.jokeD.accent24.A.schedulesB.congratulationsC.commentsD.rewards25.A.boringB.funnyC.unsafeD.inconvenient26.A.depressionB.pleasantnessC.guidanceD.ignorance27.A.breakoffB.figureoutC.pickoffD.dropin28.A.courageB.stateC.moodD.energy29.A.sincerelyB.fearfullyC.constantlyD.cautiously30.A.seeB.visitC.abandonD.build31.A.waitB.speakC.listenD.cry32.A.curiousB.worriedC.particularD.crazy

33.A.valuableB.wildC.matureD.fluent34.A.graduateB.cyclistC.presidentD.person35.A.disasterB.experienceC.crisisD.experiment36.A.forgotB.complainedC.hopedD.agreed37.A.receiveB.indicateC.communicateD.expect38.A.solveB.attemptC.createD.use39.A.excusesB.strugglesC.relationsD.stories40.A.targetsB.congratulationsC.lawsD.rules41.Theimpactofpandemic(流行病)onlifeexpectancy(預期壽命)，oneofthemostwidelyusedstandardstoassesspopulationhealth,wasassessedbyastudy(1)(publish)intheInformationalJournalEpidemiology.Thestudy(2)(conduct)bytheOxfordUniversity'sLeverhulmeCentreforDemographic(人口的)Science.Thestudyrevealedthatwomenfrom15countriesandmenfrom10endedup(3)alowerlifeexpectancyatbirthin2020comparedto2015.(4)biggestdropsinlifeexpectancy,however,werewitnessedinmeninsteadofwomeninmostcountries.Americanmenweretheworstoff,with2.2yearsshavedofftheirlifeexpectancyatbirth.MeninLithuaniafacedthesecond(5)(large)impactontheirlifeexpectancy,withacutof1.7years.Reductionsinlifeexpectancyoverall(6)(occur)in27ofthe29countriesanalyzedbythestudy.OnlymenandwomeninDenmarkandNorwayandwomeninFinlandmanagedto(7)(successful)avoiddropsinlifeexpectancy,thestudysaid.Non-pharmaceuticalinterventionsandstronghealthcaresystemsinthesecountrieswerecitedas(8)(factor)thatcouldhelpexplainthis.Allthecountries(9)lifeexpectancydroppedhad-takenanaverageof5>6years(10)(achieve).Justaoneyearincreaseinlifeexpectancy.Thepandemicwipedoutofthisprogress,thestudysaid.1234567891

.假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加?一個漏字符號（A）,并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2,只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計分。I'mquitepleasedthatyou*reanxioustolearnabouttheactivitySaveFoodholdingbyourschool.Hereisthedetailedinformationsonit.Theschoolarrangesvariousactivities.AnexhibitionofChineseCalligraphywhatwaswrittenbystudentswasdisplayedontheschoollibrary.Meanwhile,therewerealsoapaintingexhibition,lecturesonsavingfoodandsoon.Bothoftheseactivitieswereaimedatraisingourawarenessofsavingfood.Intheaddition,westudentswereaskedwhatmeasuresweshouldtakesavefoodinourdailylife.Isincerehopethedetailsmentionedabovewillbeofusetoyou..假定你是李華，你校下周將邀請英國友人來校參觀，需要志愿者介紹你校的歷史和特色文化。請你寫一封申請信，內(nèi)容包括：.申請原因；.你的優(yōu)勢：.相關(guān)經(jīng)歷。注意：.詞數(shù)100左右；.可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。答案和解析1~3.【答案】B、B、A【解析】（1）B.細節(jié)理解題。ftiiKGiantWildGoosePagodaOneofthemainfunctionsofthepagodawastostoreBuddhistscriptures （經(jīng)文）andfigurinesbroughttoChinafromIndiabythefamousmonkandtravelerXuanZang,whostayedherefor19yearstranslatingBuddhistscriptures.（這是中國傳統(tǒng)建筑。這座寶塔的主要功能之一是儲存著名僧侶和旅行家玄奘從印度帶到中國的佛經(jīng)和雕像，玄奘在這里翻譯佛經(jīng)達19年之久。）可知，在GiamWildGoosePagoda（大雁塔）你可以對佛教了解得更多。故選B。B.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段OneofthehighlightsisitslocalsnackswhenyoutourXian. （當你游覽西安時，其中一個亮點就是當?shù)匦〕?。）可知，在那你可以品嘗各式各樣美味的小吃。故選B。A.推理判斷題。根據(jù)ShanxiHistoryMuseum部分Itscollectionsrangefrombronzeware （器血）topotteryware,goldandsilverwareandmuralpaintingsfromtheTangDynastytombs. （其收藏范圍從青銅器到陶器、金銀器和唐代墓葬壁畫。）可知，陜西歷史博物館有黃金制成的展品。故選A。本文是一篇廣告布告類閱讀，主要介紹了幾個西安的旅游勝地。做這類題材閱讀理解時要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時結(jié)合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關(guān)語句進行仔細分析，結(jié)合選項填寫出正確答案。4~7.【答案】A、C、D、A【解析】（1）A.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段HuaShengandLuSheng,aretiredTibetancouple,havebecometrailblazers （開拓者）ofgrapegrowingandwinemakingintheiroldages. （HuaSheng和LuSheng是一對退休的藏族夫婦，在晚年已成為葡萄種植和釀酒的開拓者。）及第二段LuShenglearnedgmpeplantingandwinemakingfromhergrandmother'ssister.Sincetheyretired,thecouplehavemovedtoLhasafromthevillageofYakhadi.（LuSheng從祖母的姐姐那里學習葡萄種植和釀酒。退休后，這對夫婦從Yakhadi村搬到了拉薩。）可知，這對夫妻在拉薩種植葡萄并釀制葡萄酒。故選A。C.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段Theyreceivedsupportfromthelocalgovernment,whichiscommittedtodevelopingbusinessandtheeconomy.Thecouple'sprojectprovidesjobsforruralresidents,and,asaresult,thegovernmenthasconsideredtheprojectpartofitspovertyreliefprogram.（他們得到了當?shù)卣闹С?，當?shù)卣铝τ诎l(fā)展商業(yè)和經(jīng)濟。這對夫婦的項目為農(nóng)村居民提供了就業(yè)機會，因此，政府已將該項目視為其扶貧計劃的一部分。）可知，因為他們的項目為農(nóng)村居民提供工作，雇傭當?shù)鼐用癞敼と?，所以被當?shù)卣J為是扶貧項目。故選c。D.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的Anthocyanins,whichaccumulate（積累）ingrapecellsandcontributerichcolortowine,arewater-soluble. （花青素在葡萄細胞中積累并為葡萄酒提供豐富的顏色，是水溶性的。）可知，花青素為葡萄酒提供了豐富的顏色。故選D。A.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段Yudron,aresidentofNam,saidshewasgratefultothegrapeplantingprojectinhervillage,whichhascontributedtoherincomeandqualityoflife.（南村居民Yudron說，她很感激村里的葡萄種植項目，該項目為她的收入和生活質(zhì)量做出了貢獻。）可知，對于HuaSheng和LuSheng的葡萄種植項目，Yudron是心懷感激的。結(jié)合選項A.appreciative感激的：B.cautious謹慎的；C.indifferent漠不關(guān)心的；D.ambiguous模棱兩可的。故選A。這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述一對退休的西藏夫婦在晚年搬到拉薩城郊，他們在那里種葡萄并釀制葡萄酒，并為農(nóng)村居民提供工作，促進了當?shù)亟?jīng)濟的發(fā)展。1.直接信息題：直接信息題是指能夠直接從原文中找到信息，選項在語言表達上與原文基本一致的題目。2.間接信息題：間接信息題是能夠從原文中找到信息，但在語言表達上與原文有差異，做題時需要對原文信息進行轉(zhuǎn)換。3.綜合信息題：綜合信息題是指這類題目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句話，可能是原文的幾句話，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求學生把原文所提供的信息綜合起來分析，而不能斷章取義。8?11.【答案】A、D、C、B［解析］（1）A.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的RecordsshowthatCanada'sFirstPeoplesusedsmallsledstotransporttheirbelongingsandfoodbetweencamps,RaymondFlowerwritesinTheHistoryofSkiingandOtherWinterSports.（RaymondFlower在《滑雪和其他冬季運動的歷史》一書中寫道，記錄顯示，加拿大的第一批人使用小型雪橇在營地之間運輸他們的物品和食物。）可知，RaymondFlower是一位作家。故選A。（2）D.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的Unliketheluge,wherecompetitorsridefet-firstonasledwithmetalrunners,theskeletonsleddingisasteelsledwithaslimappearance.Ridersliedownonthesledheadfirst,thendropsuddenlydownanicetrack.（無舵雪橇是在金屬滑軌上，選手要先用腳滑行，而不同于無舵雪橇的是，俯式冰橇是一種外形細長的鋼制雪橇。騎手們頭朝下躺在雪橇上，然后突然從冰上滑下。）可知，俯式雪橇與無舵雪橇的不同之處是俯式雪橇需要運動員在滑行時頭朝下躺在上面。故選D。（3）C.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的TheskeletonsleddingwaslimitedtotheCrestaRunfordecadesbecauseotherbobrunsaroundtheworldwerenotbuiltforthesteelskeletonsled.（幾十年來，俯式雪橇一直局限于克雷斯塔滑道，因為世界上其他的雪橇滑道都不是為鋼骨架俯式雪橇建造的。）可知，俯式雪橇數(shù)十年來受限于克雷斯塔滑道是因為其他地方的雪橇滑道不適合鋼架的俯式雪橇，因此限制了俯式雪橇的普及的是它的鋼骨架，故選C。（4）B.主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第二段的Wherevertheybegan,sledracesquicklybecamepopular.ThefamousCrestaRun,namedaftertheSwisstownnearthebaseofitscourse,wasbuiltin1885usingsnowbanks.Thefirstorganizedcompetitionwasin1898,hostedbythefirstbobsledclubinnearbySt.Moriz（acityinSwitzerland）.Itwasthenthatsleddingbegantoseparatefromthelugetoincludetwonewsports：bobsledding,andskeletonsledding.（無論從哪里開始，雪橇比賽都很快變得流行起來。著名的克雷斯塔滑道，以滑道底部附近的瑞士小鎮(zhèn)命名，于1885年利用雪堆建成。第一次有組織的比賽是在1898年，由圣莫里茨（瑞士的一個城市）附近的第一個雪橇俱樂部主辦。就在那時，雪橇開始從雪橇中分離出來，加入了兩項新的運動：bob雪橇和俯式雪橇。）可知，文章介紹了雪橇運動在瑞士的發(fā)展，因此最好的題目是B選項"HowdidsleddingdevelopinSwitzerland?（滑雪橇是如何在瑞士發(fā)展起來的？）故選B.本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了雪橇運動在瑞士的發(fā)展。做題時要通讀全文，把握大意，然后結(jié)合題干及選項做出正確的選擇。12~15.【答案】B、D、D、C【解析】（1）B.寫作手法題。根據(jù)第二段"AccordingtotheUnitedNations,331millionkilogramsofplasticgarbageisproducedannuallyaroundtheworld.Roughly60%oftheestimated9.15billiontonsofplasticproducedsincetheearly1950shasbeentakentolandfillsorabandonedoutdoors.（據(jù)聯(lián)合國統(tǒng)計，全球每年產(chǎn)生3.31億公斤塑料垃圾。自20世紀50年代初以來，估計生產(chǎn)了91.5億噸塑料，其中大約60%被送到了垃圾填埋場或被丟棄在戶外）“可知，作者引用了大量的數(shù)據(jù)去說明全球塑料垃圾的龐大數(shù)量及其處理方式，所以作者是通過列舉數(shù)據(jù)進行段落安排的。故選B項。（2）D.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段"Overseas,IndiastatedinAugustthatitplanstoputawidebanonsingle-useplasticsthisupcomingsummer,withtheEuropeanUnionalreadyimplementingthisban.（在海外，印度8月份表示，計劃在即將到來的夏天全面禁止使用一次性塑料，歐盟已經(jīng)implementing了這一禁令）”可知，印度和歐盟都準備或已經(jīng)禁止使用一次性塑料，再結(jié)合劃線后的“禁令”可知，implemenl的含義應為“實施“，A.lifting提升；B.protecting保護：C.opposing反對；D.performing實施，表演。故選D項。（3）D.段落大意題。根據(jù)第四段"Seaweedcomesinavarietyofspeciesandcanbeharvestedorfarmed.Notplausesplantsthathavebeenfarmed.RodrigoGarciaGonzalezandPierrePasiie,theinventorsofNotpla,initiallyconsideredseaweedasasolutiontotheworld'splasticproblemfbrseveralreasons.Seaweedisabundantandgrowsquickly.Additionallyitdoesn'tcompetewithlandcropsandishighlyfavoredforitsabilitytoremovesomewasteproductslikecarbonfromtheatmosphere.（海藻種類繁多，可以收獲或養(yǎng)殖。Notpla使用種植過的植物。諾普拉（Notpla）的發(fā)明者RodrigoGarciaGonzalez和PierrePaslie最初認為海藻可以解決世界塑料問題，原因有幾個。海藻豐富，生長迅速。此外，它不與土地作物競爭，并因其從大氣中清除碳等廢物的能力而備受青睞）”可知，本段主要介紹了使用海藻為原料所具備的優(yōu)勢。故選D項。（4）C.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段"Thecompanyrecognizesthedifficultyofsuchajobgiventhevolumeofplasticsconsumedaroundtheworld.（考慮到全球塑料消耗量，該公司承認這一工作的難度）"可知，因為全球塑料消耗巨大，所以該公司認為要完全替代一次性塑料的計劃是存在困難的。故選C項。本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了Notpla研究生產(chǎn)的以海藻為基礎的一次性塑料包裝替代品，介紹了其意義、可行性及前景。做這類題材閱讀理解時要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時結(jié)合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關(guān)語句進行仔細分析，結(jié)合選項填寫出正確答案。16?20.【答案】B、C、D、F、G【解析】（1）B.語境銜接題。根據(jù)上文"Truebeautyisnotfoundinlooks.真正的美不在于外表。"可知B項（它源自內(nèi)在）承接上文，指出真正的美在于內(nèi)在而不在于外在，It指代的就是Truebeauty,故選B。C.聯(lián)系下文題。根據(jù)下文"Mirrorstellusonlyapartofwhatweshowtotheouterworld.Gopastyourreflectionandseetherealself!鏡子只能告訴我們展現(xiàn)給外部世界的一部分。別只關(guān)注你的鏡像，看看真實的自我。"可知C項（超越你的鏡像）正好概括這一話題，選項中的mirrorimage與Mirrors一致，故選C。D.推理判斷題。根據(jù)上文"Eathealthydietandbecommittedtoadailyexerciseroutine.Lotsofeffortsareneeded.吃健康的飲食，堅持每天鍛煉。這需要很大的努力。"可知D項（從長遠來看，你會感覺更好）總結(jié)了這樣做的好處，故選D。F.推理判斷題。根據(jù)下文"However,SerenaWilliamsneverhidesherunusualmuscularphysique.Instead,hershowinghermusclesenhancesherappeal.ManyfansthinksheisbeautifuLThisprovesthatlookingbeautifulandattractivegoesbeyondourlooks.然而，塞雷娜威廉姆斯從不掩飾她一身不尋常的肌肉。相反，她展示她的肌肉增強了她的吸引力。許多粉絲認為她很漂亮。這證明漂亮和有吸引力不僅僅是我們的外表。"可知其中表示轉(zhuǎn)折的However表明此處是說人們認為美只在于外表而忽略了通過外表體現(xiàn)出來的自信，因此F項（人們普遍認為美只是一個關(guān)乎外表的問題）與下文形成轉(zhuǎn)折，從而引出下文小威通過展示別人并不認為是"美”的肌肉來體現(xiàn)自己強大的自信這一例子，故選F。G.聯(lián)系下文題。根據(jù)下文"Beautymatterstoallwomen,buttothosewhoagebeautifully,itmattersneithertoomuchnortoolittle.美麗對所有女性都很重要，但對那些優(yōu)雅著者去的女性來說，這算不上什么問題，G項（不要害怕衰老你會變得更美麗）與之一話題一致，指出女性不要害怕變老，優(yōu)雅著老去也是一種美，故選G。本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了如何正確看待美的幾個方法?？疾檫x句填空。做此類題型，要通讀全文，了解常見寫作順序，重點理解空白處前后的句子，關(guān)注段落中各句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，如：并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果關(guān)系及其它關(guān)系。把握意思的連貫性、邏輯性，鎖定線索詞，認真閱讀選項，排除迷惑項，確定選項后，再快速泛讀全文，確保文章上下銜接流暢，選項有據(jù)可依。21?40.【答案】C、B、A、C、D、A、B、D、C、A、B、C、A、D、B、D、C、A、B>D【解析】(1)C.考查動詞及語境理解。A.caused引起；B.forbade禁止;C.assisted幫助;□.ordered訂購。根據(jù)前文"1mustadmitIamnotaverygoodlistener."和"tobecomeagoodlistener”可知，妻子的手術(shù)幫助作者成為好的傾聽者。故選C。B.考查動詞及語境理解。A.departed離去；B.recovered恢復；C.escaped逃走；D.retired退休。句意：但真正幫助我成為一個好的傾聽者的是幫助我的妻子從氣管手術(shù)中恢復過來。根據(jù)后文"fomhertracheasurgery”指從手術(shù)中恢復。故選B。A.考查名詞及語境理解。A.surgery外科手術(shù)；B.accident事故；C.joke玩笑；D.accent口音。根據(jù)前文“afterhertracheasurgery”可知，作者妻子因為氣管手術(shù)而不能說話。故選AoC.考查名詞及語境理解。A.schedules日程；B.congratulations祝賀;C.comments評論，意見；D.rewards回報。根據(jù)后文"Shehadapad"和"heonlywayiheycould(12)waswritingtheirthoughtsandcommentsdown”可知，妻子在便箋簿上寫下自己的意見。故選C。D.考查形容詞及語境理解。A.boring令人厭煩的；B.funny可笑的；C.unsafe不安全的；D.inconvenient不方便的。根據(jù)前文"Ofcourseihalwasveryslow”和常識可知，在便箋簿上寫字很不方便。故選D。A.考查名詞及語境理解。A.depression沮喪；B.pleasantness愉快；C.guidance指導；D.ignorance無知。句意：當然那是非常緩慢且不方便的，我每天都能看到越來越嚴重的抑郁。根據(jù)上文"Ofcoursethatwasveryslowand”可知妻子因為手術(shù)說話不方便，因此越來越沮喪。故選A。B.考查動詞短語及語境理解。A.breakoff折斷；B.figureout理解；C.pickoff摘掉；D.dropin順便拜訪。根據(jù)前文"andIcouldseethegrowingdepressioneachday"和后文"whatshewasthinking”可知，妻子越來越抑郁，作者必須要弄清楚妻子在想什么。故選B。D.考查名詞及語境理解。A.courage勇氣；B.state狀態(tài)；C.mood情緒；D.energy精力，能量。句意：我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己會盡力去弄明白她在想什么，因為我知道她沒有精力把所有的東西寫下來，所以我不斷地設法從她的眼睛看世界。根據(jù)后文"towriteeverythingdown”指有精力把所有的東西寫下來，故選D。C.考查副詞及語境理解。A.sincerely真誠地；B.fearfully膽怯地；C.constantly不斷地;D.cauliously慎重地。根據(jù)前文“sinceIknewshedidn'thavetheenergytowriteeverythingdown”可知，因為妻子不能把一切都寫下來，所以作者必須不斷地設法從妻子的眼睛看世界。故選c。A.考查動詞及語境理解。A.see看見；B.visit拜訪；C.abandon拋棄；D.build修建。句意：我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己會盡力去弄明白她在想什么，因為我知道她沒有精力把所有的東西寫下來，所以我不斷地設法從她的眼睛看世界。根據(jù)后文"theworldfromhereyes”指從妻子的眼睛去看世界。故選A。B.考查動詞及語境理解。A.wait等待；B.speak講話;C.listen聽;D.cry哭。根據(jù)前文”Shecouldn'ttalkforalmostamonthbecauseofthe(2)_."可知，妻子因為氣管手術(shù)而不能說話。故選B。C.考查形容詞及語境理解。A.curious好奇的；B.worried擔心的；C.particular講究的：D.crazy瘋狂的。beparticularabout對講究。根據(jù)前文"Becauseshecouldn'twriteouteverywordshewantedtospeak”可知，因為不能把每一個詞都寫出來，所以妻子在選詞方面特別講究。故選C。A.考查形容詞及語境理解。A.valuable有價值的；B.wild野生的:C.mature成熟的；D.fluent流利的。根據(jù)前文"shehadtobemore—(8)—aboutthewordsshechose.1'可知，因為妻子在選詞方面特別講究，所以交流變得更有價值。故選A。D.考查名詞及語境理解。A.graduate畢業(yè)生；B.cyclist騎自行車的人；C.president主席；D.person個人。句意：正因為如此，我們的交流變得更有價值，我們更關(guān)注對方說了什么。此處指作者和妻子他們雙方，theotherperson表示“另一個人"。故選D。B.考查名詞及語境理解。A.disaster災難；B.experience經(jīng)歷；C.crisis危機；□.experiment實驗。這里指上文描述的作者妻子因氣管手術(shù)不能說話與作者用紙筆交流的經(jīng)歷。故選B。D.考查動詞及語境理解。A.forgot忘記；B.complained抱怨；C.hoped希望；D.agreed同意。根據(jù)后文"theonlywaytheycould(12)—waswritingtheirthoughtsandcommentsdown”可知，唯一可以交流的方法是寫下自己的想法和意見，這需要兩個人同意。故選DoC.考查動詞及語境理解。A.receive收到;B.indicate指示;C.communicate交流;D.expect期望。根據(jù)后文"writingtheirthoughtsandcommentsdown"可知，寫下自己的想法和意見是為了彼此交流。故選C。A.考查動詞及語境理解。A.solve解決；B.attempt嘗試；C.create創(chuàng)造；D.use使用。根據(jù)前文"Ibelieveitwouldbeincrediblygoodtherapy"可知，這種療法可以幫助人們解決很多問題。故選A。B.考查名詞及語境理解。A.excuses借口；B.struggles難事；C.relations關(guān)系；D.store商店。根據(jù)前文"Ibelieveitwouldbeincrediblygoodtherapy”可知，作者認為這種方法可以解決難以處理的事情。故選B。D.考查名詞及語境理解。A.targets目標；B.congratulations慶祝；C.laws法律；D.rules規(guī)貝U。根據(jù)后文"becausethisexperimentcanbecarriedoutbyjustoneperson.”可知,這種一個人也可以進行，所以不需要同意不說話的規(guī)則。故選D。本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者從與妻子的特殊交流方式中學會了做一個好的聆聽者。完形填空考查學生綜合運用語言的能力。做題時，要先通讀全文，掌握大意，然后結(jié)合選項，仔細閱讀文章，選擇最適合語境的詞，注意上下文的呼應及語境。.【答案】【小題1]published【小題2]wasconducted【小題3]with【小題4】The【小題5】largest【小題6]occurred【小題7]successfully【小題8】factors【小題9】where【小題10]toachieve【解析】(1)published.考查過去分詞。句意：《流行病學信息雜志》發(fā)表的一項研究評估了大流行對預期壽命的影響，預期壽命是評估人口健康最廣泛使用的標準之一。句中謂語是"wasassessed”，空格處是非謂語動詞，study和publish是被動關(guān)系，因此空格處用過去分詞published,表被動。故填publishedowascon