2022年碩士研究生考試學科英語(二)真題及參考答案

2022年全國碩士研究生招生考試英語(二)試題真題+參考答案UseofEnglish英語應用Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark^k.B.CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)HarlonCobenbelievesthatifyouareawriter,you'llfindthetime;andthatifcan'tfindthetime,thenwritingisn'tanpriorityandyou'renotawriter.Forhim,writingisa1job-ajoblikeanyother.Hehas2itwithplumbing.Pointingoutthataplumberdoesn'twakeupandsaythathecan'tworkwithpipestoday.,likemostwritersthesedays,youareholdingdownajobtopaythebills,it'snot4tofindthetimetowrite.Butit'snotimpossible.Itrequiresdeterminationandsingle-mindedness.thatmostbestsellingauthorsbeganwritingwhentheyweredoingotherthingstoearnaliving.Andtoday,evenwriterswhoarefairly6oftenhavetodootherworkto7theirwritingincome.AsHarlonCobenhassuggested,it'sa8ofpriorities.Tomakewritingapriority,you'llhaveto9someofyour-day-to-dayactivitiesandsomethingsyoureallyenjoy.Dependingonyour10andyourlifestyle,thatmightmeanspendinglesstimewatchingtelevisionorlisteningtomusic,thoughsomepeoplecanwrite11theylistentomusic.Youmighthaveto12theamountofexerciseorsportyoudo.You'llhavetomakesocialmediaan13activityratherthanadaily,timeconsuming14.There'11probablyhavetobelesssocialisingwithyourfriendsandlesstimewithyourfamily.It'sa15learningcurve,anditwon'talwaysmakeyoupopular.There'sjustonethingyoushouldtrytokeepatleastsometimefor,16yourwriting-andthat'sreading.Anywriteneedstoreadasmuchandaswidelyastheycan;

it'stheone17supporter-somethingyoucannotdowithout.Timeisfinite.Theolderyoumet,the18itseemstogo.Weneedtouseitascarefullyandas19aswecanthatmeansthatprioritisingoutactivitiessothatwespendmosttimeonthethingswereallywanttodo.Ifyou'reawriter,thatmeans-20-writing.l.A.difficultB.normalC.steadyD.pleasant2.A.combinedB.comparedC.confused0.confronted3.A.IfB.ThoughC.OnceD.Unless4.A.EnoughB.strangeC.wrongD.easy5.A.AcceptB.ExplainC.RememberD.Suppose6.A.Well-knownB.well-advisedC.well-informedD.well-chose7.A.donateB.generateC.supplement0.calculate8.A.causeB.purposeC.question0.condition9.A.highlightB.sacrificeC.continue0.explorelO.A.relationsB.interestsC.memoriesD.skills11.A.untilB.becauseC.whileD.before12.A.putupwithB.makeupforC.hangontoD.cutdownon13.A.intelligentB.occasionalC.intensiveD.emotional14.A.habitB.testC.decisionD.plan15.A.toughB.gentleC.rapidD.funny16.A.inplaceofB.inchargeofC.inresponsetoD.inadditionto17.A.indispensableB.innovativeC.invisibleD.instant18.A.dullerB.harderC.quieter0.quicker19.A.peacefullyB.generouslyC.productivelyD.gratefully2O.A.atmostB.inturnC.onaverageD.aboveall:ReadingComprehension閱讀理解PartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1Onarecentsunnyday13000chickensroamoverLarryBrown's40windsweptacresinShiner,Texas.Somerestintheshadeofaparkedcar.Othersdrinkwaterwiththecows.Thisallseemsrandom,butit'sbydesign,partofwhatthe$6,1billionUS.eggindustrybetswillbeitsnextbigthing:climate-friendlyeggs.Theseeggs,whicharemakingtheirdebutnowonshelvesforasmuchas$8adozen,arestilllabeledorganicandanimal-friendly,butthey5realsofrombirdsthatliveonfarmsusingregenerativeagriculture-specialhousegases.Sucheggscouldbemarketedashelpingtofightclimatechange.'Tmexcitedaboutourprogress,saysBrown,whoisaddingmorecovercropsthatdrawwormsandcricketsforthechickenstoeat.Thebirdswastethenfertilizesfields.Suchimprovements“allowourhenstoforageforhigher-qualitynaturalfeedthatwillbegoodfortheland,thehens,andtheeggsthatwesupplytoourcustomers.^^Theeggindustry'spushisthefirstmajortestofwhetheranimalproductsfromregenerativefarmscanbecomethenextpremiumoffering.InbarelymorethananicheproductinnaturalfoodsstorestobeingsoldatWalmart.Morerecentlythereweresimilardoubtsaboutprobioticsandplant-basedmeats,butbothhaveexplodedintomajorsupermarketcategories.Ifthesustainable-eggrolloutissuccessful.Itcouldopenthefloodgatesforregenerativebeef,broccoli,andbeyond.RegenerativeproductscouldbeahardsellbecausetheconceptistoughtodefinequicklysaysJulieStanton,associateprofessorofagriculturaleconomicsatPennsylvaniaStateUniversityBrandywine.Suchfarmingalsobringsminimal,ifany,improvementtothefoodproducts(thoughsomeproducerssaytheireggshavemoreprotein).Theindustryisbettingthatthesameconsumerspayingmoreforpremiumattributessuchasfree-range,non-GMO,andpasture-raisedeggswillembracesustainability.Surveysshowthatyoungergenerationsaremoreconcernedaboutclimatechange,andsomeofthesuccessofplant-basedmeatcanbechalkeduptoshopperswantingtosignaltheirdesiretoprotecttheenvironment.Youngadults“reallycareabouttheplanet,“saysJohnBrunnquell,presidentofEggInnovations.“TheyareabsolutelyalteringthefoodchainbeyondwhatIthinkeventheyunderstandwhatthey'redoing.^^Theclimate-friendlyeggsareproduced.ataconsiderablylowcostatthedemandofregularshoppersasareplacementfororganiceggsonspeciallydesignedfarmsLarryBrawnisexcitedaboutitsprogressin.reducingthedamageofwormsacceleratingthedisposalofwasteC.creatingasustainablesystemattractingcustomerstohisproductTheexampleoforganiceggsisusedinParagraph4tosuggest.a.thedoubtsovernaturalfoodsBthesetbacksintheeggindustryc.thepotentialofregenerativeproductsD.thepromotionalsuccessofsupermarketsItcanbeleanedfromthelastparagraphthatyoungpeople.arereluctanttochangetheirdietarelikelytobuyclimate-friendlyeggsarecuriousaboutnewfoodsareamazedatagriculturaladvancesJohnBrunnquellwoulddisagreewithJulieStantoneverregenerativeproduct'sa.marketprospectsB.nutritionalvaluestandarddefinitionmoralimplicationText2MoreAmericansareoptingtoworkwellintoretirement,agrowingtrendthatthreatenstoupendtheoldworkforcemodel.OneinthreeAmericanswhoareatleast40have,orplantohaveajobinretirementtoprepareforalongerlife,accordingtoasurveyconductedbyHarrisPollforTDAmeritrade.Evenmoresurprisingisthatmorethanhalfofunretirees-thosewhoplantoworkinretirementorwentbacktoworkafterretiring-saidtheywouldbeemployedintheirlateryearseveniftheyhadenoughmoneytosettledown,thesurveyshowed.Financialneedsaren'ttheonlyculpritforthettunretirement,,trend.Otherreasons,accordingtothestudy,includepersonalfulfillmentsuchasstayingmentallyfit,preventingboredomoravoidingdepression.'Theconceptofretirementisevolving,5,saidChristineRussell,seniormanagerofretirementatTDAmeritrade."It'snotjustaboutfinances.Thevalueofworkisalsodrivingfolkstocontinueworkingpastretirement.^^Onereasonforthechangeinretirementpatterns:Americansarelivinglonger.OlderAmericansarealsopercentageofretirement-agepeopleinthelaborforcehasdoubledoverthepastthreedecades.About20%ofpeople65andolderwereintheworkforceinFebruary2019,upfromanall-timelowof10%inJanuary1985accordingtomoneymanagerUnitedIncome.Becauseoflongerlifespans,Americansarealsoboostingtheirsavingstopreservetheirnesteggs,theTDAmeritradestudyshowed,whichsurveyed2,000adultsbetween40to79,Sixin10"unretirees“areincreasingtheirsavingsinanticipationofalongerlife.Amongthemostpopularwaystheyaredoingthis,thecompanysaid,isbyreducingtheiroverallexpenses,securinglifeinsuranceormaximizingtheircontributionstoretirementaccounts.Unfortunately,manypeoplewhoareoptingtoworkinretirementarepreparingtodosobecausetheyareworriedaboutmakingendsmeetintheirlateryears,saidBrentWeiss,aco-founderatBaltimore-basedfinancial-planningfirmFacetWealth.Hesuggestedthatpre-retireesshouldspeakwithafinancialadvisortosetlong-termfinancialgoals.“Themostchallengingmomentsinlifearegettingmarried,startingafamilyandultimatelyretiring,“Weisssaid."It'snotjustafinancialdecision,butanemotionalone.Manypeoplebelievetheycan'tretire.^^26ThesurveyconductedbyHarrisPollindicatesthat.overhalfoftheretireesarephysicallyfitforworktheoldworkforceisasactiveastheyoungeroneoneinthreeAmericansenjoyearlierretirementD.moreAmericansarewillingtoworkinretirementItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3thatAmericanstendtothinkthat.retirementmaycauseproblemsforthemBboredomcanberelievedafterretirementthementalhealthofretireesisoverlooked”unretirement“contributestotheeconomyRetirementpatternsarechangingpartlydueto.laborshortagespopulationgrowthlongerlifeexpectancyD.risinglivingcostsMany'Inretirees“areincreasingtheirsavingsby.a.investingmoreinstocksB.takingupoddjobsc.gettingwell-paidworkD.spendinglessWithregardtoretirement,BrentWeissthinksthatmanypeopleare.unpreparedunafraiddisappointedenthusiasticText3Wehaveallencounteredthem,inbothourpersonalandprofessionallives.Thinkaboutthetimesyoufelttrickedorfrustratedbyamembershiporsubscriptionthathadaseamlesssign-upprocessbutwaslaterdifficulttocancel.Somethingthatshouldbesimpleandtransparentcanbecomplicated,intentionallyorunintentionally,inwaysthatimpairconsumerchoice.Theseareexamplesofdarkpatterns.Firstcoinedin2010byuserexperienceexpertHarryBrignull,“darkpattems^^isacatch-alltermforpracticesthatmanipulateuserinterfacestoinfluencethedecisionmakingabilityofusers.Brignullidentifies12typesofcommondarkpatterns,rangingfrommisdirectionandhiddencoststoroachmotel,whereauserexperienceseemseasyandintuitiveatthestart,butturnsdifficultwhentheusertriestogetout.Ina2019studyof53,000productpagesand11000websites,researchersfoundthataboutonein10employsthesedesignpractices.Thoughwidelyprevalent,theconceptofdarkpatternsisstillnotwellunderstood.Businessandnonprofitleadersshouldbeawareofdarkpatternsandtrytoavoidthegrayareastheyengender.Whereisthelinebetweenethical,persuasivedesignanddarkpatterns?Businessesshouldengageinconversationswith11,compliance,risk,andlegalteamstoreviewtheirprivacypolicy,andincludeinthediscussthecustomer/userexperiencedesignersandcodersresponsibleforthecompany'suserinterface,aswellasthemarketersandadvertisersresponsibleforsign-ups,checkoutbaskets,pricing,andpromotions.Anyoralltheseteamscanplayaroleincreatingoravoidingdigitaldeception.Lawmakersandregulatorsareslowlystartingtoaddresstheambiguityarounddarkpatterns,mostrecentatthestatelevel.InMarch,theCaliforniaAttorneyGeneralannouncedtheapprovalofadditionalregulationsundertheCaliforniaConsumerPrivacyAct(CCPA)that“ensurethatcustomerwillnotbeconfusedormisledwhenseekingtoexercisetheirdataprivacyrights."Theregulationsaimtobandarkpattems-thismeansprohibitingcompaniesfromusing“confusinglanguageorunnecessarystepssuchasforcingthemtoclickthroughmultiplescreensorlistentoreasonswhytheyshouldn'toptout.^^Asmorestatesconsiderpromulgatingadditionalregulations,thereisaneedforgreateraccountabilityfromwithinthebusinesscommunity.Darkpatternsalsobeaddressedonaselfregulatorybasis,butonlyiforganizationsholdthemselvesaccountable,notjusttolegalrequirements,butalsotoindustrybestpracticesandstandard.Itcanbelearnedfromthefirsttwoparagraphstatdarkpatterns.A.improveuserexperienceleakuserinformationforprofitundermineusers5decision-makingD.remindusersofhiddencosts32.The2019studyondarkpatternsismentionedtoshow.A.theirmajorflawsBtheircomplexdesignstheirseveredamagetheirstrongpresence33Tohandledigitaldeception,businessesshould.listentocustomerfeedbacktalkwithrelevantteamsturntoindependentagenciesrelyonprofessionaltraining34TheadditionalregulationsundertheCCPAareintendedto.guideusersthroughopt-outprocessesprotectconsumersfrombeingtrickedgrantcompaniesdataprivacyrightsD.restrictaccesstoproblematiccontent35Accordingtothelastparagraph,akeytocopingwithdarkpatternsis.a.newlegalrequirementsbusinesses'self-disciplinestrictregulatorystandsd.consumers5safetyawareness.Text4Althoughethicsclassesarecommonaroundtheworld,scientistsareunsureiftheirlessonscanactuallychangebehavior;evidenceeitherwayisweak,relyingoncontrivedlaboratorytestsorsometimesunreliableself-reports.ButanewstudypublishedinCognitionfoundthat,inatleastonereal-worldsituationasingleethicslessonmayhavehadlastingeffects.Theresearchersinvestigatedoneclasssessionsimpactoneatingmeat.Theychosethisparticularbehaviorforthreereasons,accordingtostudyco-authorEncSchwitzgebel,aphilosopherattheUniversityofCalifornia,Riverside:Studentsattitudesonthetopicarevariableandunstable,behavioriseasilymeasurable,andethicsliteraturelargelyagreesthateatinglessmeatisgoodbecauseitreducesenvironmentalharmandanimalsuffering.Halfofthestudentsinfourlargephilosophyclassesreadanarticleontheethicsoffactory-farmedmeat,optionallywatchedan11-minutevideoonthetopicandjoineda50-minutediscussion.Theotherhalffocusedoncharitablegivinginstead.Then,unknowntothestudents,theresearchersstudiedtheiranonymizedmeal-cardpurchasesforthatsemesternearly14,000receiptsforalmost500students.Schwitzgebelpredictedtheinterventionwouldhavenoeffect;hehadpreviouslyfoundthatethicsprofessorsdonotdifferfromotherprofessorsonarangeofbehaviors,includingvotingrates,blooddonationandreturninglibrarybooks.Butamongstudentsubjectswhodiscussedmeatethics,mealpurchasescontainingmeatdecreasedfrom52to45percent-andthiseffectheldsteadyforthestudy'sdurationofseveralweeks.Purchasesfromtheothergroupremainedat52percent."That'sactuallyaprettylargeeffectforaprettysmallintervention,SchwitzgebelsaysPsychologistNinaStrohmingerattheUniversityofPennsylvania,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saysshewantstheeffecttobecannotruleoutsomeunknownconfoundingvariable.Andifreal,shenotes,itmightbereversiblebyanothernudge:“Easycome,easygo”.Schwitzgebelsuspectsthegreatestimpactcamefromsocialinfluenceclassmatesorteachingassistantsleadingthediscussionsmayhavesharedtheirownvegetarianism,showingitasachievableormorecommon.Second,theVideomayhavehadanemotionalimpact.Leastrousing,hethinks,wasrationalargument,althoughhisco-authorssayreasonmightplayabiggerrole.Nowtheresearchersareprobingthespecificeffectsofteachingstyle,teachingassistantseatinghabitsandstudentsvideoexposure.MeanwhileSchwitzgebel-whohadpredictednoeffect-willbeeatinghiswords.Scientistsgenerallybelievethattheeffectsofethicsclassesare.hardtodeterminenarrowlyinterpreteddifficulttoignorepoorlysummarizedWhichofthefollowingisareasonfortheresearcherstostudymeat-eating?Itiscommonamongstudents.Itisabehavioreasytomeasure.Itisimportanttostdrbaiths,Ditisahottopicinethicsclasses..EricSchwitzgebelspreviousfindingssuggestthatethicsprofessors.areseldomcriticaloftheirstudentsarelesssociablethanotherprofessorsarenotsensitivetopoliticalissuesarenotnecessarilyethicallybetterNinaStrohmingerthinksthattheeffectoftheinterventionis.permanentpredictableC.uncertaind.unrepeatableEricSchwitzgebelsuspectsthatthestudentschangeinbehavior.canbringpsychologicalbenefitscanbeanalyzedstatisticallycisaresultofmultiplefactorsD.isasignofself-developmentPartBDirections:Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbyfindinginformationfromtherightcolumnthatcorrespondstoeachofthemarkeddetailsgivenintheleftcolumn,therearetwoextrachoicesintherightcolumn.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)a.MakeitahabitB.Don'tgoitaloneStartlow,goslowTalkwithyourdoctorE.ListentoyourbodyFGothroughthemotionsg.RoundoutyourroutineGettingbackintoexercisecanbeachallengeinthebestoftimes,butwithgymsandin-personexerciseclassesoff-limitstomanypeoplethesedaysbecauseofCOVID-19concerns,itcanbetrickytoknowwheretostart.Andit'simportanttogettherightdoseofactivity."Toomuchtoosooneitherresultsininjuryorburnout,“saysMaryYoke,PhD,afacultymemberinthekinesiologydepartmentatIndianaUniversityinBloomington.Followthisadvicetoreturntoexercisesafely. Don,ttrytogobacktowhatyouweredoingbeforeyourbreak.Ifyouwerewalking3milesaday,playing18holesofgolfthreetimesaweek,orlifting10-pounddumbbellsforthreesetsof10reps,reduceactivitytoVimileeveryotherday,ornineholesofgolfonceaweekwithshortwalksonotherdays,oruse5-pounddumbbellsforonesetof10reps.Increasetime,distance,andintensitygradually."Thisisn'tsomethingyoucandoovernight,“Denaysays.Butyou'llreapbenefitssuchaslessanxietyandimprovedsleeprightaway. Ifyou5rebreathingtoohardtotalkincompletesentences,backoff.Ifyoufeelgood,goalittlelongerorfaster.Feelingwipedoutafterasession?Goeasiernexttime.Andstayalerttoserioussymptoms,suchaschestpainorpressure,severeshortnessofbreathordizziness,orfaintness,andseekmedicalattentionimmediately. Consistencyisthekeytogettingstrongerandbuildingenduranceandstamina.Tenminutesofactivityperdayisagoodstart,saysMarcusJackovitz,DPT,aphysicaltherapistattheUniversityofMiamiHospital.Alltheexpertswespokewithhighlyrecommendwalkingbecauseit'stheeasiest,mostaccessibleformofexercise.Althoughitcanbeaworkoutonitsown,ifyourgoalistogetbacktoZumbaclasses,tennis,cycling,oranyotheractivity,walkingisalsoagreatfirststep. Evenifyoucan'tyetdoafavoriteactivity,youcanpracticethemoves.Withorwithoutacluborracket,swinglikeyou'rehittingtheball.Paddlelikeyou'reinakayakorcanoe.Mimicyourfavoriteswimmingstrokes.Theactionwillremindyouofthejoytheactivitybroughtyouandprimeyourmusclesforwhenyoucangetoutthereagain.45. Exercisingwithothers“cankeepyouaccountableandmakeitmorefun,soyou'remorelikelytodoitagain,“Jackovitzsays.Youcandoactivitiessuchasgolfandtennisortakeawalkwithothersandstillbesociallydistant.Butwhenyoucan'tconnectinperson,considerusingtechnology.Chatonthephonewithafriendwhileyouwalkaroundyourneighborhood.FaceTimeorZoomwitharelativeasyoustrengthtrainorstretchathome.Youcanalsojoinalivestreamoron-demandexerciseclass.:Translation翻譯Direction:InthissectionthereisatestinEnglish.TranslateitintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)Althoughwetryoutbest,sometimesourpaintingsrarelyturnoutasoriginallyplanned.Changesinthelight,thelimitationsofyourpaintingmaterials,andthelackofexperienceandtechniquemeanthatwhatyoustartouttryingtoachievemaynotcometolifethewaythatyouexpected.Althoughthiscanbefrustratinganddisappointing,itturnsoutthatthiscanactuallybegoodforyou.Unexpectedresulthavetwobenefits:youprettyquicklylearntodealwithdisappointmentandrealizethatwhenonedoorcloses,antheropens.Youalsoquicklylearntoadaptandcomeupwithcreativesolutionstotheproblemsthepaintingpresentsandthinkingoutsidetheboxwillbecomeyoursecondnature.Infact,creativeproblem-solvingskillsareincrediblyusefulindailylife,withwhichyouaremorelikelytobeabletofindasolutionwhenaproblemarises.:Writing寫作PartADirection:Supposeyouareplanningacampusfoodfestival.Writeanemailtotheinternationalstudentsinyouruniversityto1)introducethefoodfestivaland；2)invitethemtoparticipate.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.Donotuseyourownname.Use“LiMing"instead.(10points)PartBDirections:Writeaneasybasedonthechartbelow.Inyourwriting,youshould)interpretthechartand)giveyourcommentsYourshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSSWERSHEET(15points)(內(nèi)容簡述：一個柱狀圖，展示從2018年-2020年我國快遞業(yè)務總量的變化情況，包含整體快遞量和農(nóng)村快遞量的變化對比柱狀圖，整體表現(xiàn)農(nóng)村快遞業(yè)務量的快速變化)英語（二）參考答案Section1：UseofEi^lish1-5BBADC6-10ACCBB11-15CDBAA16-20DADCDSection2：ReadingComprehension21-25DCCBA26-30DACDA31-35CDBBB36-40ABDCC41-45CEAFBSection3：Translation.參考譯文：雖然我們會試著竭盡全力，但有時我們的畫作還是會和我們原本設(shè)想的不太一樣。光線的變化、繪畫材料的限制，以及經(jīng)驗和技巧的匱乏，都意味著你一開始想要達到的效果可能不會以你預期的形式呈現(xiàn)出來。雖然這有點讓人感到挫敗和失望，但最后你終究會發(fā)現(xiàn)，這其實對你是有很大好處的。出人意料的結(jié)果會有兩大益處：你很快會學會如何面對失落，并領(lǐng)悟到當有一扇門關(guān)閉的時候，另一扇門同時也會為你打開。同樣你也會很快學會適應，并思考出很多有創(chuàng)意的解決方案，來應對你畫作上所呈現(xiàn)的問題。同時，跳出思維的定式將會成為你的第二習慣本能。事實上，富有創(chuàng)意的應對技巧在日常生活中極其有用。有了這些技巧，當你遇到問題時，你將更有把握能夠解決它。Section4：Writing.參考范文小作文1：DearInternationalStudents,Howareyoudoingthesedays!Iamwritingthisletterforthepurposeoftellingallofyouexcitingnews.Acampusfoodfestivali