Tank+cleaning貨艙清洗課件

WhatisTankCleaning

什么是洗艙Revised1stMar20051COMGroup,TMWhatisTankCleaning

什么是洗艙ReCompanyObjectivesofTankCleaningDeliver“CleanonboardCargoes”andprovideprofessionalservicestomeetcustomers’requirements.ContinuouslyimproveourTankCleaningprocessestoincreaseefficiencyandcustomersatisfaction.Ensurethatresourcesandtrainingarereviewedtomeetcustomers’requirements.Asacompany,wearecommittedtocontinuousimprovementinthequalityofallourservicesandoperations.Wearealsocommittedtocontinuousimprovementandenhancementofourrelationshipswithcustomers,shareholders,employeesandpartners.Compliancewithsafety,healthandenvironmentallegislationandregulationscontinuouslyimprovingthesafetyandhealthpreventingpollution;systematicallyidentifyingrisksfromouractivitieswhetherarisingfromfacilities,equipmentorpeople;controllingidentifiedrisksbyensuringthatappropriateresourcesareavailableforbothplanningandoperations;Revised1stDec20042COMGroup,TMCompanyObjectivesofTankCleTankCleaningEquipments相關(guān)洗艙設(shè)備Revised1stDec20043COMGroup,TMTankCleaningEquipments相關(guān)洗艙設(shè)備TankCleaningMachineTherearetwo(2)typesofgreasetypeandnon-greasetypewhichcanbefoundfrommaker‘sinstructionbook.Chemicaltankersgenerallyusenon-greasetype.Knowingwatercapacity&cycletimeoftankcleaningmachineagainstthewaterpressureisveryusefultocarryouteffectivetankcleaning.有兩種洗艙設(shè)備。知道水的容量，洗艙設(shè)備循環(huán)時間，以及水壓力是非常有用的ThisisasampleofT/CmachinewhichisusedforchemicaltankersofDWT10,000foryourguidance.Lowwaterpressureisusedforvolatilecargo,orpreventingdamageofcoatingincaseofaggressivecargo.低水壓用于易揮發(fā)貨物，或者在裝了對涂層有刺激貨物后為了保護(hù)涂層。Highwaterpressureisusedfornon-volatilecargo,highviscositycargoorvegetable&animaloil.高水壓用于不揮發(fā)貨物，高粘度貨物或者植物油，動物油。

120oUP180oDN270oUP360oRevised1stDec20044COMGroup,TMTankCleaningMachineTherearTankCleaningHeater

洗艙加熱器

Ithastobemaintainedwellandtoconductcleaningoftheheaterbychemicalcleanerevery6monthssoastogetgoodtemperatureduringtankcleaning.每六個月使用化學(xué)清洗劑清洗，進(jìn)行維護(hù)，從而保證洗艙達(dá)到理想的溫度Revised1stDec20045COMGroup,TMTankCleaningHeater

洗艙加熱器ItFactorstobeconsideredfortankcleaning洗艙時應(yīng)考慮的因素Revised1stDec20046COMGroup,TMFactorstobeconsideredfortPropertyofCargo

a)Aggressivecargo(MEK,Methanol)

刺激性貨物（丁酮，甲醇等） Suchcargomakescoatingofcargotanksoftenanddamaged.Beforetankcleaning,Itisrequiredtotakecuringtimebyventilationuntiltankcoatingrecoveredtotheoriginalcondition.Lowwaterpressureoflessthan6kg/cm2shouldbeappliedduringbutterworthing.

該貨物使涂層軟化以及遭到損壞，在洗艙前，需要通風(fēng)使涂層愈合，在洗艙時水壓小于6公斤/平方厘米b)Viscosityofcargo(Lubadd,OLOA270

)

高粘度貨物 Viscosityistheinternalresistancecreatedinfluidssuchaswater,oilandgaswhenthesematerialsflow.Strengthorrateofviscosityis,inprinciple,shownas(mPa.s)at20C.Viscosityisaffectedbytemperatureand/orpressure.Viscosityofliquiddecreasesastemperaturerises.液體的粘度隨著溫度的升高而減少。 Thereforehighertemperatureandhighpressureofwashingmachinecanmakeiteasytoremovecargoresidueincargotank.SuchcargotanksarerequiredtodotankcleaningbyhightemperatureandsettingT/Cmachineswithalotofstepaccordingtotheheightofcargotank.提高水溫以及壓力來除去殘余貨物Revised1stDec20047COMGroup,TMPropertyofCargoa)AggressivPropertyofCargoc)Solidityofcargo(FattyAlcohol,PalmOil)易凝結(jié)（固化）物質(zhì)Everycargohasitsmeltingpointwhichisthetemperaturethattheabsorptionofheatenergycausesthemoleculestomovemorefreely,breakingupthesolidstructure.Onthecontrary,freezingpointisthetemperatureatwhichcrystallizationbegins.Thetemperatureoftankcleaningwaterdependsonmeltingpointofcargo.SuchcargotanksarerequiredtodotankcleaningbyhightemperatureandsettingT/Cmachineswithalotofstepaccordingtotheheightofcargotank每種貨物都有相應(yīng)的溶點(diǎn)（凝固點(diǎn)），提高水溫，根據(jù)貨艙高度來采取多步驟。d)Corrosive(AceticAcid,CausticSoda)

腐蝕性（冰醋酸，液堿）Liquidswhichcorrodenormalconstructionalmaterialssuchassteel&coatingatanexcessiverate.ThosecargotanksarerequiredtodoT/Cbyabundantwaterimmediatelyassoonascompletionunloadingcargo.TheT/Cwatershouldbedischargeddirectlyintoseathroughflexiblehoseorpipelineinordertoavoiddamagetocoating.Sloppingtoothercargotankisnotrecommended.完貨后立即需要使用大量的水清洗，直接通過軟管或者管線排入海中，不建議將洗艙污水放在別的貨倉中。Revised1stDec20048COMGroup,TMPropertyofCargoc)SolidityoPropertyofCargoe)Vaporpressure(Methanol,Acetone)蒸氣壓（甲醇，丙酮） Thepressureexertedbythevaporabovetheliquidatagiventemperature.Itisexpressedasabsolutepressure.ThecargowithhighvaporpressurecanbedoneT/Cbysimplemethodonlyonestepofmachinebecausethereisnoresidueonthewallbutonlybottomandshortesttimewhichcanremoveresidueremainedonbottom.在液體表面上蒸氣產(chǎn)生的壓力。使用壓力表示。高蒸氣壓的貨物可以僅僅使用非常簡單方式和少量的步驟來進(jìn)行洗艙，因為艙壁沒有殘留物，僅僅在艙底才有殘留物，使用最少的時間就可以將殘留物除去。 DuringtheinitialstagesofT/C,lowtemperatureoftankcleaningwaterisrequiredinordertoavoidexplosionbyflammablevapor.Cargoresiduesofsubstanceswithavaporpressuregreaterthan5kpa(equaledto37.5mmMg)at20Cmayberemovedfromacargotankbyventilation.在洗艙初期，必須使用低溫水洗艙，避免可燃蒸氣爆炸。在20度時當(dāng)殘留物的物質(zhì)的蒸氣壓力大于5KPa(等于37.5mmMg),可以僅用通風(fēng)來除去殘留物。Revised1stDec20049COMGroup,TMPropertyofCargoe)VaporpresPropertyofCargof)

Staticelectricity(Benzene)

靜電（苯）Cleanoilsare,ingeneral,accumulatorsofstaticelectricitybecauseoftheirlowconductivityanditisrequiredfollowingprecautionsbefore/during/aftertankcleaninginordertoavoidexplosion:通常來說，清油由于不導(dǎo)電的特征從而使其容易聚集電荷，在洗艙中需要下列步驟來避免爆炸。·

Beforewashing,thetankbottomshouldbeflushedwithwaterandstripped.在洗艙前，艙底必須加水沖洗，并且泵出?！?/p>

Beforewashing,thetankshouldbeventilatedtoreducethegasconcentrationofthe atmosphereto10%orlessofthelowerflammablelimit.在洗艙前，艙內(nèi)必須通風(fēng)，致使氣體濃度在10%以下或者爆炸極限下限?！?/p>

Ifportablewashingmachinesareused,allhoseconnectionsshouldbemadeupandtestedfor electricalcontinuitybeforethewashingmachineisintroducedintothetank.如果使用移動洗艙機(jī)，所有管線應(yīng)該系牢，并且接地，對導(dǎo)電性進(jìn)行測試，之后才能開始洗艙?！?/p>

Connectionsshouldnotbebrokenuntilafterthemachinehasbeenremovedfromthetank，在整個機(jī)器完全移出貨艙后才能將給連接口拆開?！?/p>

Todrainthehoseacouplingmaybepartiallyopenedandthenre-tightenedbeforethe machineisremoved

，為了濾干管線接頭，·

Re-circulatedwashwatershouldnotbeusedfortankcleaning·

Steamshouldnotbeinjectedintothetank

蒸氣不允許進(jìn)入艙內(nèi)·

Washwaterdoesnotexceed60C

洗艙水不允許超過60度·

Thetotalwaterthroughputpercargotankshouldbekeptaslowaspracticableandmustinno caseexceed180m3/h

各艙進(jìn)水速度要保持盡量低速，不能超過180立方/小時Equipmentshouldbebondedandsecurelyearthedtotheshipbeforeintroductionintothetankandremainsoeartheduntilremoved設(shè)備必須綁扎住并且在進(jìn)入貨艙前接地，直到移開設(shè)備。Revised1stDec200410COMGroup,TMPropertyofCargof)

StatiPropertyofCargog)

Solubilityinwater(MEG,IPA,Acetone,Methanol,)水溶性物質(zhì)Thecargowhichiscompletelysolubleinwaterisveryeasytoremovetheresidueincargotankbyonlywash-waterwithoutusinganydetergentorchemicalsolvent.Solubilityinwaterofsomecargodependsontemperature.Phenoliscompletelysolubleinwaterat66C.此類貨物能夠完全融于水，可以不加清潔劑或化學(xué)溶劑而僅用水就可以除去殘留物。但有些貨物的可溶性是和水溫有關(guān)系，苯酚在66度時完全溶于水。h)

Dryoil(Fishoil,Linseedoil,Saffloweroil,Soyabeanoiletc.,)干油類Itistheoilexceeding130iniodinevalue.T/CofDrycargotankhastobedoneassoonascompletionunloadingcargo.IfnotavailabletodoT/Cimmediately,pre-washisrequired.T/Cofsuchcargohastousehighpressuredcoldwaterwithalotofstepofmachineinordertoavoidcargoresiduesincargotanktobecomesticky.Suchcargocannotcompletelyremoveresiduesincargotankbyonlypre-washingbutrequiredtousedetergentorchemicalsolvent.Sloppingtoothercargotankisnotrecommended.(Nondryingoil<IV100,Semidrying=IV100-130)

含碘值大于130的油類，在卸完貨后立即進(jìn)行洗艙。如果無法立即洗艙，必須進(jìn)行預(yù)洗。洗艙必須使用高壓冷水采取多種步驟進(jìn)行，從而防止殘留物粘在艙壁上。如果僅僅預(yù)洗的話是無法出去殘留物，而必須要加入洗滌劑和化學(xué)溶劑。不建議將洗艙水放在另外的貨倉中。Revised1stDec200411COMGroup,TMPropertyofCargog)

SolubilityPropertyofCargoi)

Reaction(SM,MMA)

化學(xué)反應(yīng)（苯乙烯，甲基丙烯酸甲酯）ThetendencyofachemicaltoreactwithitselforwithotheroutsideinfluencesuchasOxygenorheat,usuallyresultinginpolymerizationordecompositionwherebythemoleculesofacompoundcanbemadetolinktogetherintoalargerunitcontaininganythingfromtwotothousandsofmolecules.

這類貨有自己反應(yīng)或和外界物質(zhì)，比如空氣，熱量等進(jìn)行反應(yīng)的趨勢，通常會因為兩個或成千上萬個分子之間聯(lián)結(jié)成為大的物質(zhì)從而導(dǎo)致聚合或分解 T/Cofreactioncargotankhastobedoneassoonascompletionunloadingcargo.IfnotavailabletodoT/Cimmediately,pre-washisrequired.T/Cofsuchcargohastousehighpressuredcoldwaterwithalotofstepofmachineinordertoavoidbeingpolymerized.這類貨必須在完貨后立即進(jìn)行洗艙。如果無法洗艙，則必須進(jìn)行預(yù)洗。洗艙時要使用高壓冷水采取多種步驟來洗艙，從而避免聚合。Revised1stDec200412COMGroup,TMPropertyofCargoi)

Reaction(PropertyofCargoj)

Smell(2-EH,DINP,Octanol)

氣味（辛醇，Dinp) Thosecargoesremainstrongsmellincargotankforalongtime.Machinewashbycoldwaterfirstandthenwarmandhotwater,detergent,steamingandfanning(repeatedly)arerequired.這類貨長時間保留非常強(qiáng)烈的氣味。用熱水，洗滌劑，蒸氣和風(fēng)扇進(jìn)行洗艙。Revised1stDec200413COMGroup,TMPropertyofCargoj)

Smell(2-EHChemicalReaction（貨物相容表）.Revised1stDec200414COMGroup,TMChemicalReaction（貨物相容表）.ReviWhatisStaticElectricity?Everythingweseeismadeupoftinylittlepartscalledatoms.Theatomsaremadeofevensmallerparts.Thesearecalledprotons質(zhì)子,electrons電子

andneutrons中子.Theyareverydifferentfromeachotherinmanyways.Onewaytheyaredifferentistheir"charge."Protonshaveapositive(+)charge.Electronshaveanegative(-)charge.Neutronshavenocharge.Usually,atomshavethesamenumberofelectronsandprotons.Thentheatomhasnocharge,itis"neutral."Butifyourubthingstogether,electronscanmovefromoneatomtoanother.Someatomsgetextraelectrons.Theyhaveanegativecharge.Otheratomsloseelectrons.Theyhaveapositivecharge.Whenchargesareseparatedlikethis,itiscalledstaticelectricity.Iftwothingshavedifferentcharges,theyattract,orpulltowardseachother.Iftwothingshavethesamecharge,theyrepel,orpushawayfromeachother.StaticElectricitycausesFIRE

靜電導(dǎo)致火災(zāi).StaticElectricity

靜電Revised1stDec200415COMGroup,TMStaticElectricity靜電Revised1Surroundingcargotanks

周圍的貨艙

WhenmakingaT/Cplan,surroundingcargotanksshouldbetakenintoconsideration.Somecargoescanbeaffectedbyhightemperatureofhotwaterbutterworthingorsteaming.DonotstartT/Cuntilthecargohasbeenfullydischarged.Iftherewerealotofemptycargotankstobecleaned,placethepriorityonthepolymerizingcargoordrycargotanks.當(dāng)洗艙的時候必須要考慮周圍的貨艙。有些貨容易被隔壁的貨艙熱水洗艙產(chǎn)生的高溫而受到反應(yīng)。這種情況下，必須要隔壁的艙卸完貨后在進(jìn)行洗艙。如果有很多艙需要清洗，易聚合的物質(zhì)或干貨艙優(yōu)先進(jìn)行清洗。Revised1stDec200416COMGroup,TMSurroundingcargotanks周圍的貨艙 Typeofcoating(Epoxy/Zinc/SUS)涂層的種類Zinccoatingtank鍍鋅涂層

isnotaggressiveagainstchemicalcargoandcaneasilyremoveresidue&smellincargotankcomparingwithEpoxycoatingtank.TheeasiesttankcoatingtodotankcleaningisSUSwhichdoesnottakemuchtankcleaningtimecomparedwithotherEpoxyorZinccoatedtank.

和環(huán)氧涂層相比，鍍鋅涂層更加不受化學(xué)品的影響，更加容易清洗。最容易清洗的涂層是不銹鋼。

WithintheTMFleet,mostofthevesselsareequippedwithSUS316stainlesssteel.SUS316alloywithlowCcontent.Resistanttointer-granularcorrosionandGrade316alsohasexcellentcorrosionresistanceinawiderangeofChemicals.EpoxyStainlessSteelZincRevised1stDec200417COMGroup,TMTypeofcoating(Epoxy/Zinc/SUROUGING（鐵紅粉）-ADISCOLORATIONOF

STAINLESSSTEELSURFACESRougingisathinfilm,usuallyreddish-brownorgoldenincolor,ofironoxideorhydroxide,typicallyonstainlesssteels.Thecontrastbetweenthisfilmandshinymetalaccentuatesthisaestheticsproblem.Therougefilmtypicallywipesoffeasilywithalightcloth(Figure1),butitreformswhiletheprocessfluidisincontactwiththestainlesssteel.Asstated,rougeisferricoxide(i.e.,rust)三氧化二鐵（也就是鐵銹）,butthefilmmaycontainnotonlyironbutalsochromiumandnickelcompoundsinvariousforms,andhencethefilmmayvaryincolorandtenacity(Figure2).Stainlesssteelis"stainless"owingtothefactthatthealloyformsathin,protective,tenacious,transparentoxidefilmthatprotectsitagainstdestructivecorrosivespeciesinaqueoussolutions.Thisfilmiscomposedofchromiumoxide,andissaidtomakethesteel"passive"againstcorrosion.Theexactnatureofthisfilmisacontinuingsubjectofdebate,andinfactitsexactstructureandnaturemayvary,dependingonanumberofvariables.Figure1.-Rougewipeseasilyoffthestainlesssteelsubstrate,butwillreform

Figure2.-Rougingcomesinmanycolorsdegreesoftenacity.Revised1stDec200418COMGroup,TMROUGING（鐵紅粉）-ADISCOLORATIONPittingofStainlessSteelAnotherprocess,whichismoredamaging,isthecreationandpropagationofpits.Non-metallicinclusions,suchassulfides,oxides,etc.,areaninherentresultofalloyproduction.Theyaredispersedthroughoutthemetalandarehighlysusceptibletoattackbyaggressiveenvironments.另外的一個過程，更加嚴(yán)重的損壞，就是凹點(diǎn)的產(chǎn)生和擴(kuò)大。合金里面包含了非金屬物質(zhì)，比如硫化物，氧化物等，這是合金固有的性質(zhì)。他們散布在整個金屬中，并且受到刺激的環(huán)境的影響。Typicallytheseinclusionsaredissolvedinaparticularsolutionorenvironmentandleaveamicro-voidbehind.Thisvoidbecomesanoccludedcellwheresolutionchemistrycanbedifferentfromthebulksolution.通常這些包含物在特定的方式或環(huán)境下溶解掉，留下微小的空洞。Ifthestainlesssteeldoesnotreadilyre-passivate,thencorrosionattackwithinthevoidcanpropagate.Thecorrosionproductswithinthenowformedpitspilloutontothebulkmetalsurfaceproducinglocalizedrougingorrustblooms(Figure3).Afterapitinitiates,propagationofthepitmayoccurandprogressesuntilathrough-wallpenetrationoccurs.Alternately,ifthepitheals,theactivityceasesandnopropagationoccurs.

Figure3.-Rougeorrustbloomsidentifypitsites.Revised1stDec200419COMGroup,TMPittingofStainlessSteelAnotPassivationofStainlessSteelWhatispassivation?鈍化AccordingtoASTMA380,passivationis"theremovalofexogenousironorironcompoundsfromthesurfaceofstainlesssteelbymeansofachemicaldissolution,mosttypicallybyatreatmentwithanacidsolutionthatwillremovethesurfacecontamination,butwillnotsignificantlyaffectthestainlesssteelitself."Inaddition,italsodescribespassivationas"thechemicaltreatmentofstainlesssteelwithamildoxidant,suchasanitricacidsolution,forthepurposeofenhancingthespontaneousformationoftheprotectivepassivefilm."Itisalsoknownthatthetheprotectivepassivefilmformsveryrapidlyinmostenvironmentsthatarenotactivelyreducing.Exposuretomoistairwillprovidethispassivationwithinamatterofminutes,andthefilmwillthickenwithtime.ProcedureforPassivation:鈍化方式1)NitricAcid20%withFreshWatersolution,circulationbutterworth,3hrs.(3butterworthmachines,3steps)20%硝酸溶劑，循環(huán)沖洗，3小時（3個機(jī)器，3個步驟）2)Freshwaterbutterworth,30min.

淡水沖洗，30分鐘。3)Dryingthetanks,5hrs.

使貨艙干燥，5小時。Revised1stDec200420COMGroup,TMPassivationofStainlessSteelPassivation1.Precleaningbyseaorfreshwaterdependsoncurrentcargoes.2.Freshwaterwashingforthetankswashedbyseawaterandallseawaterdrainintanksmustbepumpedoutbeforemakingsolution.3.Picklingby30%nitricsolution3hrskeepmaximumtrimandlisttomakegoodstrippingadvantage.4.Keep3hrsforpassivation5.Freshwaterrinsingtilltheacidityistobe7atmanifold6.Wait1or2hrsbeforesteaming7.Steaming2-3hrs8.Dryingandmopping.Howtomakesolution?:Notes1.trytopassivationasmanyaspossiblebyonesolution2.leavetwotankswhichwereloadedphosphoricacidpreviouslytomakecompareinthefuture.3.takeapicturebeforeandafterpassivationbutitmustbesamelocation.4.keeprecordallhappeningswhilepassivation5.passivationtankbytankisrecommended.7.keeptheenoughstockoffreshwater.Revised1stDec200421COMGroup,TMPassivation1.PrecleaningbyHowtodilution如何稀釋

Ex)When3000Litersof30%solutionismadeusingby60%concentrationofNitricAcid.Athere,“A”standsfor60%Nitricacid,and“B”standsforFreshwater.Then,1500LofFreshwaterand1500Lof60%ofNitricAcidwillmake3000Lsolutionof30%Revised1stDec200422COMGroup,TMHowtodilution如何稀釋

Ex)When3BeforepassivationRevised1stDec200423COMGroup,TMBeforepassivationRevised1stAfterpassivationRevised1stDec200424COMGroup,TMAfterpassivationRevised1stDTankCoatingPropertiesTankCoatingProperty性質(zhì)Detergent洗滌劑EpoxyNormallyvegetable&animaloils,andnon-aggressivecargoesaresuitable.Highfattyacid&aggressivecargoesareunsuitable通常動植物油，非刺激性貨物，高脂肪酸或刺激貨物不適合Alkalis,weakacid,neutral堿類，弱酸，中性ZincChemicalcargoesaresuitable.AcidsorAlkalisarenotsuitable.TheirsuitabilityislimitedtoproductsinthepH-rangebetween5.5to9.0一般化學(xué)貨物適合，酸堿不適合，適用于ph值在5.5-9之間的貨物.neutral中性StainlesssteelVegetableoils,Chemicalbutsomecargosuchasaceticaciddependonkindofstainlesssteel植物油,化工品,但是化工品如冰醋酸需要看不銹鋼的等級.Norestrictionbutalkalisdetergentcanberesultedtowhiteresidueonbulkheads沒有限制,但是堿性洗滌劑可以導(dǎo)致艙壁上白色殘留物Revised1stDec200425COMGroup,TMTankCoatingPropertiesTankCoKinds&Quantityofdetergent

GenerallyHighertemperatureofdetergentismoreeffective.ButsomeAlkalinedetergentcanremainwhiteresidueonthewallofcargotank.Theconcentrationofdetergentagainstwatershouldfollowmaker’srecommendationwhichismentionedinthedatasheet.通常溫度越高,洗滌劑就越有效.但是有些堿性洗滌劑能夠保留白色的殘留物.洗滌劑的濃度大小必須要根據(jù)制造商的建議.Lowconcentrationofdetergentisnoteffectiveforcleaning.低濃度的洗滌劑對洗艙沒有效果.Highconcentrationisnotpreferablebecauseofremainingwhitepowderonthewallortakinglongtimeforrinsing.高濃度的洗滌劑也不可取,因為遺留的白色粉末需要更長的時間清洗.Mixingdifferentdetergentwitheachotherisnotrecommended不建議不同的洗滌劑混合使用.Revised1stDec200426COMGroup,TMKinds&QuantityofdetergentDetergentcompatibilityChartwithTankCoatingKindofdetergent&chemicalEpoxyZincSUSTemp.againstdetergentAlkalinedetergent(B2,CausticSoda)SuitableUnsuitableSuitablebutremainswhitepowderonsurfaceMax.50CDuetowhitepowderNeutraldetergentSuitableSuitableSuitableMax.70CAcidascleaningmaterials(rustremover,phosphoricacid)Limitedaccordingtothematerialofcoating&coatingcondition.ItcanacceleratecoatingdamageUnsuitableSuitable30Cisnormal.Dependonconcentrationofacid&lastcargoMaxTemperatureagainstcoating80C70CNolimitationbutcoatingofsurroundingcargotanksandballasttankshouldbeconsidered

Revised1stDec200427COMGroup,TMDetergentcompatibilityChartStructureofcargotankNormallycentertankdoesn’thavemuchstructures(Stiffeners)whichcreatedifficultyfortankcleaning,buthoweverwingtankshavestructuressuchaswebframeandlongitudinalbeamwhichcanbeobstructedtodotankcleaningbyT/Cmachines.Thereforeheightofmachinehastobetakenintoconsiderationnottohaveshadowareaandeverystep(drop)hastobeadjustedtheheightofmachineperiodically.Tankcleaningtimeofwingtankisrequiredlongerthancentertank.Revised1stDec200428COMGroup,TMStructureofcargotankNormallMARPOLRegulation

MARPOLAnnex-1&2regulationssuchasspecialarea&limitationaboutdisposaloftankcleaningwatershouldbetakenintoconsideration.ForfurtherdetailsrefertoGuidanceofCargoRecordBookwhichprovidedbycompanyandMARPOLPublication.(SEESEPARATEDDATA)Revised1stDec200429COMGroup,TMMARPOLRegulation MARPOLAnnexOilDischargeMonitoringSystem(ODME)Revised1stDec200430COMGroup,TMOilDischargeMonitoringSysteItemstobeconsideredfortankcleaningplanning洗艙時需要考慮的事情Watersolubilityanditstemperature

水溶性和溫度Polymerization

聚合性Meltingpoint=Freezingpoint

溶點(diǎn)=凝固點(diǎn)Boilingpoint

沸點(diǎn)Aggressiveness=Penetrating

刺激性=穿透性Staticelectricity

靜電Vaporpressure

蒸氣壓PollutionCategory

污染類別TankCoating

貨艙的涂層Inhibitor

阻聚劑Nextcargo

下一票貨Revised1stDec200431COMGroup,TMItemstobeconsideredfortanCapacityofButterworthHeaterCapacityofButterworthHeaterdependsondesignedcapacity,seatemperature,&maintenanceofButterworthHeater.洗艙加溫器的能力取決于設(shè)計能力,海水溫度和維護(hù).Revised1stDec200432COMGroup,TMCapacityofButterworthHeaterNumbersoftankcleaningmachinetobeusedduringtankcleaning如何決定洗艙時洗艙機(jī)數(shù)量Itisdecidedaccordingtocapacityoftankcleaningpump,powerpack&butterworthheaterandpropertyofcargo.

由洗艙泵的能力,功率,加溫器和貨物的性質(zhì)決定的.

Ifcapacityoftankcleaningpumpis150m3,thenumberofT/Cmachinewillbe15018=about8.

如果洗艙泵的能力是150立方,那么洗艙設(shè)備的數(shù)量是150÷18=8(大約) Where:18isselectedfromtableoftankcleaningmachinementioned.18是根據(jù)所選用的洗艙設(shè)備所提到而決定的.However,thenumberofT/CmachinemaybelimitedbythecapacityofpowerpacksbecausenumbersofcargotankstobecleanedhavetoincludeandcapacityofbutterworthheaterincaseofT/Cofcargohadhighmeltingpointinwinterseason.但是決定洗艙設(shè)備數(shù)量并不僅僅局限于功率大小,還決定于加溫器的能力,特別在冬季洗艙時,貨物的溶點(diǎn)大于水溫.Revised1stDec200433COMGroup,TMNumbersoftankcleaningmachiNextcargo

下一票貨Cleaningofcargotankdependsonnextcargoifitislowergrade,samegradeorhighergradethanlastcargo.洗艙還決定下一票貨是否比上票貨等級低,同等或者高等級.Revised1stDec200434COMGroup,TMNextcargo下一票貨CleaningofcarManpowerTankcleaningplanhastobereasonablymadetomeetcapacityandmanpowerofvessel’screw.

洗艙計劃還必須根據(jù)船員的能力以及勞動力來決定.Revised1stDec200435COMGroup,TMManpowerTankcleaningplanhasStep(Drop)ofmachineStep(Drop)ofmachinedependsonpropertyoflastcargo,structureofcargotank,andnextcargo.步驟(下垂)根據(jù)上票貨的性質(zhì),貨艙結(jié)構(gòu)和下票貨來決定.3metersRevised1stDec200436COMGroup,TMStep(Drop)ofmachineStep(DroKindoftankcleaningwater洗艙水的種類Therearetwo(2)kindsoftankcleaningwateri.e.freshwaterandseawater.SomecargoessuchasCausticSodaorAcidsmakeareactionwithseawater.有兩種洗艙水,淡水和海水.有些貨可以和海水反應(yīng),如燒堿或酸.Itisrecommendedtousefreshwateratfollowingcases:下列情況下建議用淡水洗艙i)makingdetergentsolutionwithwater

使用洗滌劑.ii)lastcargoiscausticsodaoracids

上票貨是燒堿或酸.iii)nextcargoissensitiveagainstchloride(MEG,Methanoletc.,)下票貨對氯離子敏感.Revised1stDec200437COMGroup,TMKindoftankcleaningwater洗艙水PropertyofCargoTemp.(C)

Pressure(bar.)

T/CprocedureBWmachineCuring

BWcleaning

Detergent

SteamforNo.Step(drop)1.SolubleinwaterN/ANormalN/A(exceptmolasses)YesNoremovechlorideHalfoftotalnosminimumdrop2.Highvaporpressure(volatile)WithinLELMinimumEpoxytankGasfreeorafewminuteBWNoRemovesmellHalfoftotalnosOnedrop3.SolidifyHottemp.Max.N/AYesDependonnextcargoEmulsifyMax.Max.(everystep)4.HighviscosityHottemp.Max.N/AYesDependonnextcargoReduceviscosityMax.Max.5.PolymerColdMax.N/AYesDependonnextcargoSmellMax.Max.6.DryColdMax.N/AYesYes

Max.Max.7.Non-volatile)Warm&hatMax.DependoncargoYesDependoncargoSmellMax.Max.1+2(Acetone)ColdMin.EpoxytankGasfree&BWNoSmellMin.Onedrop1+3(Phenol)HotNormalN/AYesNoSmellNormal2-3drops1+4(TEA)HotNormalN/AYesNoSmellNormal2-3drops1+5ColdNormalN/AYesNoSmellNormal2-3drops1+6ColdNormalN/AYesNo

Normal2-3drops1+7(MEG)ColdMinN/AYesNoChlorideMin.2dropsRevised1stDec200438COMGroup,TMPropertyofCargoTemp.PressurePreparationfortankcleaning

Revised1stDec200439COMGroup,TMPreparationfortankcleaningTankcleaningplantobeprovidedaccordingly

只作相應(yīng)的洗艙計劃a)Time,Drops,Temperature,foreachcargotank時間，次數(shù)，溫度b)Sequenceofhoseconnectiontomanifolds，軟管接Manifold的順序c)Rotationofcargotank，洗艙的先后d)Watchkeeping，監(jiān)視洗艙e)

Ballastcontrolforadjustinglist&trim

壓載艙調(diào)整船舶傾斜（前后，左右）f)Name&quantityofDetergent

洗滌劑的名稱和數(shù)量Revised1stDec200440COMGroup,TMTankcleaningplantobeprovi

Explaintheplantocrew&theplantobepostedatCCRwithsignatureofcrew

向船員講解洗艙計劃并且將船員簽字的計劃貼在CCR上

Revised1stDec200441COMGroup,TM

Explaintheplantocrew&thFollowingstobepreparedinadvance

下面事項必須要提前準(zhǔn)備a)Butterworthmanholes

洗艙孔b)PVvalves(toavoidconfusionwithcargoloadedtanks)PV閥c)

Lineupvalves(toavoidconfusionwithcargoloadedtanks)卸貨閥d)

ManifoldsamplingflangesManifold樣品法蘭e)LetprepareDrainHoseatspilltank

f)Standbytankcleaningpump&cargopump

準(zhǔn)備好洗艙泵和貨泵g)Don'topenflangesofAircocksoncargopumpstackanddraincocksbecausecargomightleaked.h)FlangesofAircockstobeopenedonlyafterconfirmedthatcleanwaterisbeingdischarged.

Revised1stDec200442COMGroup,TMFollowingstobepreparedinaPre-cleaningWhendischargedpolymerizeordrycargo,thetankisrequiredtocarryoutpre-cleaningassoonascompletionofcargodischargeandaftergotdrycertificatefromcargosurveyor.ThesameprecautionsasPre-washatportarerequired.當(dāng)卸完易聚合貨物或干貨后，貨艙必須在拿到干艙證書后立即進(jìn)行預(yù)洗。當(dāng)然也要按照港口規(guī)則。Revised1stDec200443COMGroup,TMPre-cleaningWhendischargedpoBWCleaning(MainTankCleaning)6.1)

IncaseofPolymerizecargo,heatingcoilincargotank&cofferdamofcargopumptobeblownouttoavoidcargointheCargoLinestopolymerize.對于聚合物的洗艙，在貨艙中的加熱管和貨泵的隔艙中必須吹管吹干凈。防止貨物在貨管中聚合。6.2)

WhendischargingCategoryIII/cleantankwashingintotheSeathroughCargoManifold,allowsufficientlengthofCargoHose/HosetobelowereddowntoShip-sidetopreventdamagingofShip’shullpaint.(DuetoswingingofHoseincontactwithShipHull)Ifapplicable,don'tusecargohose6.3)

AssoonasthePumpstarts,thecleaningwateristobeconfirmedifitisbeingdischargedproperly.當(dāng)泵機(jī)開始時，必須馬上確認(rèn)干凈的水是否正確進(jìn)入。6.4)

Whendischargingsimultaneouslytankcleaning