2023新課標(biāo)版英語(yǔ)高考第二輪復(fù)習(xí)-專題十　主旨要義-高考真題

2023新課標(biāo)版英語(yǔ)高考第二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題十主旨要義Passage1（2021天津,B）WhenpeopleaskmehowIstartedwriting,IfindmyselfdescribinganurgentneedthatIfelttoworkwithlanguage.Havingsaidthat,IdidnotknowforalongtimewhatIwaslookingfor.ItwasnotuntilIfollowedthisfeelingtoitssourcethatIdiscoveredIhadapassionforwriting.Withsomeencouragementfrommycolleagues,Ihadoneofmypoemspublished.Thisbitofsuccess,however,wasthepointwheremyproblembegan.Backin1978,1hadtotravelbetweenthreedifferentcampusesinthemorning,teachingfreshmancomposition.AfternoonsIspenttakingmydaughtertoherballetandhorse-ridinglessons.Icomposedmylecturesontheway,andthatwasallthethinkingtimeIhad.WhenIreturnedhome,therewasnotenoughofmeleftforwritingafterafullworkingday.Asawayout,Idecidedtogetuptwohoursbeforemyusualtime.Myalarmwassetfor5:00A.M.ThefirstdayIshutitoffbecauseIhadplaceditwithinarm'sreach.TheseconddayIsettwoclocks,oneonmynighttable,andoneoutinthehallway.Ihadtojumpoutofbedandruntosilenceitbeforemyfamilywasawoken.Thiswaswhenmymorningwritingbegan.Sincethatfirstmorningin1978,1havebeenfollowingthehabittothisday,notmakingoracceptingmanyexcusesfornotwriting.Iwrotemypoemsinthismannerfornearlytenyearsbeforemyfirstbookwaspublished.WhenIdecidedtowriteanovel,Idividedmytwohours:thefirstforpoetry,thesecondforfiction.Wellorbadly,Iwroteatleasttwopagesaday.Thisishowmynovel,TheLineoftheSun,wasfinished.IfIhadwaitedtohavethetime,Iwouldstillbewaitingtowritemynovel.WhatIgotoutofgettingupinthedarktoworkisthefeelingthatIamincontrol.Formanypeople,theinitialsenseofurgencytocreateeasilydiesawaybecauseitrequiresmakingthetoughdecision:takingthetimetocreate,stealingitfromyourselfifit'stheonlyway..Whatmotivatedtheauthortostartherwritingcareer?A.Herstrongwishtoshare.B.Herkeeninterestinwriting.C.Herurgentneedtomakealiving.D.Herpassionatedesireforfame..Whatproblemdidtheauthorfacewhenshedecidedtobeginherwriting?A.Shewastooexhaustedtowriteafterabusyday.B.Shehadtroubleindecidingonherwritingstyle.C.Shehadtotaketimetodisciplineherdaughter.D.Shewasunsureaboutherwritingskills..Whydidtheauthorplaceanalarmclockinthehallway?A.Incasetheclockinherroombrokedown.B.Incaseshefailedtoheartheringing.C.Toforceherselfoutofbed.D.Towakeupherfamily..Howdidtheauthormanagetofinishhernovel?A.Bystickingtowritingeverymorning.B.Bywritingwhenhermindwasmostactive.C.Bydrawinginspirationsfromclassicnovels.D.Byreducingherteachinghoursatschool..Whatcanwelearnfromtheauthor'ssuccessinherwritingcareer?A.Itisnevertoolatetochangeyourjob.B.Imaginativeideasdieawayifnottakenintime.C.Atightscheduleisnoexcuseforlackofaction.D.Dailylifeprovidesideasforcreativewriting.答案語(yǔ)篇解讀本文為記敘文。主題語(yǔ)境是人與自我，主題語(yǔ)境內(nèi)容是認(rèn)識(shí)自我、豐富自我、完善自我。作者主要講述了自己是如何養(yǎng)成寫作的習(xí)慣并取得成功的故事。1.B解題指導(dǎo)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干中的“motivated”,將答案區(qū)域鎖定在第一段。解析本題題干意為:什么激發(fā)了作者開始她的寫作事業(yè)?根據(jù)第一段中”...IfindmyselfdescribinganurgentneedthatIfelttoworkwithlanguage...ItwasnotuntilIfollowedthisfeelingtoitssourcethatIdiscoveredIhadapassionforwriting.“可知，作者熱愛(ài)寫作,keeninterest強(qiáng)烈的興趣。故選B。拓展延伸Thisbitofsuccess,however,wasthepointwheremyproblembegano先行詞為"point”,為抽象地點(diǎn),所以用“where”來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。類似詞有:stage、activity>situation等。.A解題指導(dǎo)推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句以及題干可將答案區(qū)域鎖定在第二段。解析本題題干意為:當(dāng)作者決定開始她的寫作時(shí)她面臨什么問(wèn)題?根據(jù)第二段整段的描寫:作者上午要在三個(gè)校園間來(lái)回奔波，下午要帶女兒上課，工作了一整天后回到家已經(jīng)沒(méi)有精力去寫作了（therewasnotenoughofmeleftforwritingafterafullworkingday）。由此可推斷作者忙f一'天后已經(jīng)筋疲力盡，無(wú)力寫作。故選A。.C解題指導(dǎo)推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干中的“analarmclockinthehallway”可將答案區(qū)域鎖定在第三段。解析本題題干意為:作者為何在門廳處放一個(gè)鬧鐘?根據(jù)第三段最后兩句"Ihadtojumpoutofbedandruntosilenceitbeforemyfamilywasawoken.Thiswaswhenmymorningwritingbegan.”可推斷出作者這么做是為了強(qiáng)制自己寫作。故選C。.A解題指導(dǎo)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干中的“finishhernovel”,將答案區(qū)域鎖定在第四段。解析本題題干意為:作者是如何設(shè)法完成她的小說(shuō)的?根據(jù)第四段第一句話可知,作者從1978年至今一直沿襲早起寫作的習(xí)慣,從來(lái)沒(méi)有為不寫作找借口。故選A。stickto堅(jiān)持。.C解題指導(dǎo)主旨大意題。根據(jù)題干問(wèn)題，縱觀全文得出答案。解析本題題干意為:我們可以從作者的寫作事業(yè)的成功中學(xué)到什么?根據(jù)全文的敘述，我們知道作者一開始是因?yàn)橛X(jué)得自己太忙,忙到筋疲力盡而沒(méi)辦法寫作，后面利用早起的時(shí)間堅(jiān)持寫作，而她的總時(shí)間并沒(méi)有增加。由此可知時(shí)間緊張并不是我們不去行動(dòng)的借口。干擾項(xiàng)B中Imaginativeideas和原文initialsenseofurgency不一樣，偷換了概念。故選C。審題技巧除主旨大意題外，通常出題順序即為文章的順序。同時(shí)我們應(yīng)善于抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵信息，再到文中去定位答案，如42題的problem、43題中的hallway、44題中的finishhernovel。難句分析原句:Formanypeople,theinitialsenseofurgencytocreateeasilydiesawaybecauseitrequiresmakingthetoughdecision:takingthetimetocreate,stealingitfromyourselfififstheonlyway.分析:because引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句,requiredoing"需要做 ”,冒號(hào)后的內(nèi)容為decision的具體內(nèi)容。譯文:對(duì)于許多人來(lái)說(shuō)，最初要?jiǎng)?chuàng)作的緊迫感很容易就消失了，因?yàn)檫@需要做出艱難的決定:花時(shí)間去創(chuàng)作,如果這是唯一的方法，（那么就）從自己身上偷來(lái)。Passage2（2021北京,B）Irememberthedayduringourfirstweekofclasswhenwewereinformedaboutoursemester（學(xué)期）projectofvolunteeringatanon-profitorganization.Whentheteacherintroducedustothedifferentorganizationsthatneededourhelp,mylastchoicewasOperationIraqiChildren（OIC）.MyfirstimpressionoftheorganizationwasthatitwasnotgoingtomakeenoughofadifferencewiththeplansIhadinmind.Then,anOICrepresentativegaveussomedetails,whichsomewhatinterestedme.Afterdoingsomeresearch,Ibelievedthatwecouldreallydosomethingforthosekids.WhenIwentonlinetotheOICwebsite,IsawpicturesoftheIraqichildren.Theirfacesweresopowerfulinsendingamessageoftheirdespair（絕望）andneedthatIjoinedthisprojectwithouthesitation.Wedecidedtocollectasmanyschoolsuppliesaspossible,andmakethemintokits—onekit,onechild.Themostrewardingdayforourgroupwasprojectday,whenalltheeffortsweputintocollectingtheitemsfinallycametogether.WhenIsawthevarioussupplieswehadcollected,ithitmethateverykitweweretobuildthatdaywouldeventuallybeinthehandsofanIraqichild.Overthepastfourmonths,IhadneverimaginedhowIwouldfeelonceourprojectwascompleted.Whilemakingthekits,IrealizedthatIhadlostsightofthetruemeaningbehindit.IhadonlyfocusedonthefactthatitwasanotherschoolprojectandoneIwantedtogetagoodgradeon.Whenthekitswerecompleted,andreadytobesentoverseas,thewarmfeelingIhadwasoneIwouldneverforget.Inthebeginning,Idaredmyselftomakeadifferenceinthelifeofanotherperson.Nowthatourprojectisover,IrealizethatIhaveaffectednotonlyonelife,butten.Withourefforts,tenyoungboysandgirlswillnowbeabletofurthertheireducation..HowdidtheauthorfeelaboutjoiningtheOICprojectinthebeginning?A.Itwouldaffecthis/herinitialplans.B.Itwouldinvolvetravelingoverseas.C.Itwouldnotbringhim/heragoodgrade.D.Itwouldnotliveuptohis/herexpectations..Whatmainlyhelpedtheauthorchangehis/herattitudetowardtheproject?A.ImagesofIraqichildren.B.Researchbyhis/herclassmates.C.Ateacher'sintroduction.D.Arepresentative'scomments..Theauthor'sOICprojectgroupwouldhelptenIraqichildrento.A.becomeOICvolunteersB.furthertheireducationC.studyinforeigncountriesD.influenceotherchildren.Whatcanweconcludefromthispassage?A.One'spotentialcannotalwaysbeunderrated.B.Firstimpressioncannotalwaysbetrusted.C.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.D.Hewhohesitatesislost.答案語(yǔ)篇解讀本文為記敘文，主題語(yǔ)境是人與社會(huì)，主題語(yǔ)境內(nèi)容是志愿服務(wù)。文章主要講述了作者參加一個(gè)幫助伊拉克兒童完成學(xué)業(yè)的志愿者活動(dòng)的心路歷程。.D解題指導(dǎo)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干中“feelaboutjoiningtheOICprojectinthebeginning”將目標(biāo)信息定位在第一段的末尾。解析本題題干意為:作者一開始是怎么認(rèn)為參加O1C項(xiàng)目這件事情的?根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句話，“我”對(duì)這個(gè)組織的第一印象是它不會(huì)對(duì)“我”心中的計(jì)劃產(chǎn)生足夠的影響。選項(xiàng)D“它沒(méi)有達(dá)到他/她的期望''符合文意。.A解題指導(dǎo)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干中“changehis/herattitude”將目標(biāo)信息定位在第二段中。解析本題題干意為:什么主要使作者改變了他/她對(duì)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的態(tài)度?根據(jù)第二段可知，“我”看到了伊拉克兒童的照片，他們的面孔如此強(qiáng)烈地傳遞出絕望和需要的信息,以至于“我'’毫不猶豫地參加了這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。這是作者態(tài)度的一個(gè)重要轉(zhuǎn)變。.B解題指導(dǎo)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干中“helptenIraqichildren”將目標(biāo)信息定位在最后一段。解析本題題干意為:作者的OIC項(xiàng)目組將幫助十名伊拉克兒童 o根據(jù)文章最后一段最后一句話可知,是幫助他們繼續(xù)接受教育。選項(xiàng)B與文中信息表述完全一致。.B解題指導(dǎo)主旨大意題。根據(jù)題干中“conclude什。mthispassage”可判斷此題考查學(xué)生理解文章或作者寫作目的的能力。解析本題題干意為:我們可從這篇文章中總結(jié)出什么?A.一個(gè)人的潛力不能總是被低估;B.第一印象不能總是可以被相信的;C.行勝于言;D.當(dāng)斷不斷，必受其亂。從整個(gè)文章和最后一段得知，一開始這個(gè)項(xiàng)目沒(méi)有達(dá)到作者的期望，而后來(lái)作者從中感受到溫暖和意義，由此可知，不能總是相信第一印象。難句分析原句:WhenIsawthevarioussupplieswehadcollected,ithitmethateverykitweweretobuildthatdaywouldeventuallybeinthehandsofanIraqichild.分析:這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。When引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,主句中it作形式主語(yǔ),第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的從句作真正的主語(yǔ)。譯文:當(dāng)我看到我們已經(jīng)收集到的各種物品時(shí),我突然想到那天我們要做的每一套裝備最終都將會(huì)到一個(gè)伊拉克孩子手里。Passage3（2021天津春,D）Thereissomethingtobesaidforbeingageneralist,evenifyouareaspecialist.Knowingalittleaboutalotofthingsthatinterestyoucanaddtotherichnessofawhole,well-livedlife.Societypushesustospecialize,tobecomeexperts.Thisrequirescommitmenttoaparticularoccupation,branchofstudyorresearch.Thedrawbacktobeingspecialistsisweoftencometoknowmoreandmoreaboutlessandless.Thereisagreatdealofpressuretomasterone'sfield.Youmaypursuetraining,degrees,orincreasinglevelsofresponsibilityatwork.Thenyoudiscoverthepressureofhavingtokeepup.Somepeopleseemwillingtoworkaroundtheclockintheirnarrowspecialty.Butsuchcommitmentcanalsoweakenasenseoffreedom.Thesespecialistscouldworkattheofficeuntilteneachnight,thenlookbackandrealizetheywouldhavelovedtohavegonehomeandenjoyedthesweetnessoftheirfamilyandfriends,ortraveledtoexcitingplaces,meetinginterestingpeople.Masteringonethingtotheexclusion（排除）ofotherscanholdbackyourtruespirit.Generalists,ontheotherhand,knowalotaboutawiderangeofsubjectsandviewthewholewithallitsconnections.Theyarepeopleofability,talent,andenthusiasmwhocanbringtheirbroadperspective（視角）intospecificfieldsofexpertise（專長(zhǎng)）.Thedoctorwhoisalsoapoetandphilosopherisasuperiordoctor,onewhocangivesomuchmoretohispatientsthanjustgoodmedicalskills.Thingsareconnected.Letyourexpertiseinonefieldfuelyourpassionsinallrelatedareas.Someofyourinterestsmaynotappeartobeconnectedbut,onceyouexploretheirdepths,youdiscoverthattheyare.MyeditorToni,whoisalsoawriter,haseditedseveralhistorybooks.ShehasdecidedtostudyChinesehistory.FascinatedbythestructuralbeautyoftheForbiddenCityasapainter,sheisequallyinterestedtolearnmoreaboutChinesephilosophy.441don'tknowwhereitwilllead,butI'mexcitedI'monthispursuit.”Theseexpansionsintonewworldshelpusbygivingusnewperspectives.Webegintoseetheinterconnectednessofonethingtoanotherinallaspectsofourlife,ofourselvesandtheuniverse.Developbroad,generalknowledgeandexperience.Theuniverseisallyourstoexploreandenjoy.l.Tobecomeaspecialist,onemayhaveto.A.narrowhisrangeofknowledgeB.avoidresponsibilitiesatworkC.knowmoreaboutthesocietyD.broadenhisperspectiveonlife2.ThespecialistsmentionedinParagraph3tendto.A.treasuretheirfreedomB.travelaroundtheworldC.spendmosttimeworkingD.enjoymeetingfunnypeople3.Accordingtotheauthor,asuperiordoctorisonewho.A.isfullyawareofhistalentandabilityB.isapurespecialistinmedicineC.shouldlovepoetryandphilosophyD.bringsknowledgeofotherfieldstowork.WhatdoestheauthorintendtoshowwiththeexampleofToni?A.Passionalonedoesnotensureaperson'ssuccess.B.In-depthexplorationmakesdiscoveriespossible.C.Everyonehasachancetosucceedintheirpursuit.D.Seeminglyunrelatedinterestsareinawayconnected..Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.BeMoreaGeneralistthanaSpecialist.SpecialistorGeneralist:HardtoDecideC.TurnaGeneralistintoaSpecialistD.WaystoBecomeaGeneralist答案［語(yǔ)篇解讀］本文是一篇議論文。主題語(yǔ)境是人與自我，主題語(yǔ)境內(nèi)容為豐富自我。本文討論了專業(yè)與博學(xué)的關(guān)系,作者認(rèn)為事事相關(guān)聯(lián)，應(yīng)該讓你在一個(gè)領(lǐng)域的專長(zhǎng)激發(fā)你在其他相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的熱情。.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第三句Thedrawbacktobeingspecialistsisweoftencometoknowmoreandmoreaboutlessandless.（成為專家的缺點(diǎn)是我們常常對(duì)越來(lái)越少的東西了解得越來(lái)越多。）可知答案為A（縮小了知識(shí)面）。.C推理判斷題。依據(jù)第三段第一句Somepeopleseemwillingtoworkaroundtheclockintheirnarrowspecialty.（有些人似乎愿意在他們狹隘的專業(yè)領(lǐng)域夜以繼日地工作。）可知答案為C。.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段最后一句Thedoctorwhoisalsoapoetandphilosopherisasuperiordoctor,onewhocangivesomuchmoretohispatientsthanjustgoodmedicalskills.（這位既是詩(shī)人又是哲學(xué)家的醫(yī)生是一位優(yōu)秀的醫(yī)生，他能給他的病人提供比良好的醫(yī)術(shù)更多的東西。）可知答案選D（將其他領(lǐng)域的知識(shí)帶到工作中）。.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中Someofyourinterestsmaynotappeartobeconnectedbut,onceyouexploretheirdepths,youdiscoverthattheyare.（你的一些興趣可能看起來(lái)沒(méi)有聯(lián)系，但一旦你深入探索，你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)它們是有聯(lián)系的。）可知選D（看似無(wú)關(guān)的興趣在某種程度上是聯(lián)系在一起的）。.A主旨要義題。本文的主旨是希望人們更加博學(xué)而不是只顧專業(yè)。故選A（做一個(gè)多才的人,而不是專家）。Passage4（2020江蘇,D）IwasinthemiddleoftheAmazon（亞馬利\）withmywife,whowasthereasamedicalresearcher.Weflewonasmallplanetoafarawayvillage.Wedidnotspeakthelocallanguage,didnotknowthecustoms,andmoreoftenthannot,didnotentirelyrecognizethefood.Wecouldnothavefeltmoreforeign.Wewereraisedonbooksandcomputers,highwaysandcellphones,butnowwewerelivinginavillagewithoutrunningwaterorelectricity.Itwaseasyforustogotosleepattheendofthedayfeelingalittlemisunderstood.ThenoneperfectAmazonianevening,withmonkeyscallingfrombeyondthevillagegreen,weplayedsoccer.Iamnotgoodatsoccer,butthateveningitwaswonderful.Everyoneknewtherules.Weallspokethesamelanguageofpassesandshots.Weunderstoodoneanotherperfectly.Asdarknesscameoverthefieldandthematchended,thegoalkeeper,Juan,walkedovertomeandsaidinamatter-of-factway,“Inyourhome,doyouhaveamoontoo?”Iwassurprised.AfterIexplainedtoJuanthatyes,wedidhaveamoonandyes,itwasverysimilartohis,Ifeltasortofawe（敬畏）atthepossibilitiesthatexistedinhisworld.InJuan'sworld,eachvillagecouldhaveitsownmoon.InJuan'sworld,theunknownandundiscoveredwasvastandmarvelous.Anythingwaspossible.Inoursociety,weknowthatEarthhasonlyonemoon.Wehavelookedatourplanetfromeveryangleandfoundallofthewildestthingslefttofind.Ican,frommycomputerathome,pullupsatelliteimagesofJuan'svillage.Therearenomorecontinentsandnomoremoonstosearchfor,littlelefttodiscover.Atleastitseemsthatway.Yet,asIthoughtaboutJuan'squestion,Iwasnotsurehowmuchmorewecouldreallyruleout.Iam,inpart,anantbiologist,somythoughtsturnedtowhatweknowaboutinsectlifeandIknewthatmuchintheworldofinsectsremainsunknown.Howmuch,though?Howignorant（無(wú)知的）arewe?Thequestionofwhatweknowanddonotknowconstantlybotheredme.Ibegancollectingnewspaperarticlesaboutnewspecies,newmonkey,newspider...,andonandontheyappear.Mydrawerquicklyfilled.Ibeganaseconddrawerfbrmoregeneraldiscoveries:newcavesystemdiscoveredwithdozensofnamelessspecies,fourhundredspeciesofbacteriafoundinthehumanstomach.Theseconddrawerbegantofillandasitdid,Iwonderedwhethertherewerebiggerdiscoveriesoutthere,notjustspecies,butlifethatdependsonthingsthoughttobeuseless,lifeevenwithoutDNA.Istartedathirddrawerforthesebigdiscoveries.Itfillsmoreslowly,butallthesame,itfills.Inlookingintothestoriesofbiologicaldiscovery,Ialsobegantofindsomethingelse,acollectionofscientists,usuallybrilliant,occasionallyhalf-mad,whomadethediscoveries.Thosescientistsveryoftenseethesamethingsthatotherscientistssee,buttheypaymoreattentiontothem,andtheyfocusonthemtothepointofexhaustion（窮盡）,andattheriskoftheridiculeoftheirpeers.Inlookingforthestoriesofdiscovery,Ifoundthestoriesofthesepeopleandhowtheirliveschangedourviewoftheworld.Wearerepeatedlywillingtoimaginewehavefoundmostofwhatislefttodiscover.Weusedtothinkthatinsectswerethesmallestorganisms（生物）,andthatnothingliveddeeperthansixhundredmeters.Yet,whensomethingnewturnsup,moreoftenthannot,wedonotevenknowitsname..HowdidtheauthorfeelonhisarrivalintheAmazon?A.Outofplace.B.Fullofjoy.C.Sleepy. D.Regretful..WhatmadethatAmazonianeveningwonderful?A.Helearnedmoreaboutthelocallanguage.B.Theyhadaniceconversationwitheachother.C.Theyunderstoodeachotherwhileplaying.D.Hewonthesoccergamewiththegoalkeeper..WhywastheauthorsurprisedatJuan'squestionaboutthemoon?A.Thequestionwastoostraightforward.B.Juanknewsolittleabouttheworld.C.Theauthordidn'tknowhowtoanswer.D.Theauthordidn'tthinkJuanwassincere..Whatwastheauthor'sinitialpurposeofcollectingnewspaperarticles?A.Tosortoutwhatwehaveknown.B.TodeepenhisresearchintoAmazonians.C.Toimprovehisreputationasabiologist.D.Tolearnmoreaboutlocalcultures..Howdidthosebrilliantscientistsmakegreatdiscoveries?A.Theyshiftedtheirviewpointsfrequently.B.Theyfollowedotherscientistsclosely.C.Theyoftencriticizedtheirfellowscientists.D.Theyconductedin-depthandclosestudies..Whatcouldbethemostsuitabletitleforthepassage?A.ThePossibleandtheImpossibleB.TheKnownandtheUnknownC.TheCivilizedandtheUncivilizedD.TheIgnorantandtheIntelligent答案［語(yǔ)篇解讀］本文是一篇夾敘夾議文,主題語(yǔ)境是人與社會(huì)，主題語(yǔ)境內(nèi)容為探索未知世界。作者介紹了自己的一次經(jīng)歷，在落后的小村莊竟然有人問(wèn)作者他的家鄉(xiāng)是否也有月亮,作者對(duì)于這個(gè)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了反思:我們還有遼闊的未知世界需要去探索，杰出的科學(xué)家們一直竭盡全力地探索著，所以我們要努力探索未知的世界。本文旨在培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的科學(xué)精神。.A推理判斷題。本題題干意為:當(dāng)作者剛到達(dá)亞馬孫的時(shí)候，他有什么感受?根據(jù)第一段第三句（我們不會(huì)講當(dāng)?shù)氐恼Z(yǔ)言，不清楚當(dāng)?shù)氐牧?xí)俗，經(jīng)常不能完全認(rèn)出食物）和第二段第一句話（我們生長(zhǎng)在有書本、電腦、公路和手機(jī)的環(huán)境中，但是現(xiàn)在我們?cè)谝粋€(gè)沒(méi)有自來(lái)水和電的小村莊）,可知作者他們來(lái)到了完全陌生的落后的地方，一切都不習(xí)慣。故選A項(xiàng)（格格不入、不適當(dāng)）。B:充滿歡樂(lè)的;C:困倦的;D.后悔的。.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:什么使那個(gè)亞馬孫的夜晚絢爛多彩?根據(jù)第三段中Everyoneknewtherules.Weallspokethesamelanguageofpassesandshots.Weunderstoodoneanotherperfectly.可知選C項(xiàng)（他們?cè)诖蚯驎r(shí)互相理解）。A:他學(xué)到了更多的當(dāng)?shù)卣Z(yǔ)言;B:他們彼此之間有一次愉快的談話;D:他和守門員一起贏得了足球比賽。3.B推理判斷題。本題題干意為:為什么作者對(duì)Juan關(guān)于月亮的問(wèn)題感到驚訝?根據(jù)第四段中InJuan'sworld,eachvillagecouldhaveitsownmoon.可知選B（Juan對(duì)這個(gè)世界知之甚少）。A:這個(gè)問(wèn)題過(guò)于直接;C:作者不知道如何回答;D:作者認(rèn)為Juan不真誠(chéng)。.A推理判斷題。本題題干意為:作者收集報(bào)紙上的文章的最初目的是什么?根據(jù)文章第六段Thequestionofwhatweknowanddonotknowconstantlybotheredme.和第七段可知作者心存疑惑，于是開始收集不同類型的資料，故選A項(xiàng)。B:加深他對(duì)亞馬孫人的研究;C:提升他作為一個(gè)生物學(xué)家的名譽(yù);D:學(xué)習(xí)更多的當(dāng)?shù)匚幕?D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:那些杰出的科學(xué)家們是怎么取得重大發(fā)現(xiàn)的?根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二句話可知，那些科學(xué)家經(jīng)常看到和其他的科學(xué)家們看到的一樣的事情，但是他們給予這些事情更多的關(guān)注，他們專注于這些事情到了精疲力竭的程度，并且冒著受到同行們嘲笑的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。故答案為D項(xiàng)（他們進(jìn)行徹底的、細(xì)致的研究）。A:他們頻繁改變觀點(diǎn);B他們緊緊跟隨其他的科學(xué)家;C他們經(jīng)常批評(píng)他們的同行。.B主旨要義題。本題題干意為:最適合本文的標(biāo)題可能是什么?概括全文可知，作者對(duì)Juan的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行反思:我們雖然對(duì)這個(gè)世界知曉不少，但是還有很多我們不知道的事情，杰出的科學(xué)家們一直不遺余力地探索著，我們也要努力探索未知世界。故選B項(xiàng)（已知和未知）。A:可能和不可能;C:文明和未開化;D:愚昧和智慧。長(zhǎng)難句Thosescientistsveryoftenseethesamethingsthatotherscientistssee,buttheypaymoreattentiontothem,andtheyfocusonthemtothepointofexhaustion,andattheriskoftheridiculeoftheirpeers.那些科學(xué)家經(jīng)?？吹狡渌目茖W(xué)家們也看到的相同的事情，但是他們給予這些事情更多的關(guān)注,他們專注于這些事情到了精疲力竭的程度，并且冒著受到同行們嘲笑的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。本句是并列復(fù)合句。在第一個(gè)并列分句中含有一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為thingSoPassage5（2020課標(biāo)全國(guó)III,D）詞數(shù)314Wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthatoccurredbillionsofyearsago.Asscientistslookdeeperintoourgenes（基因），theyarefindingexamplesofhumanevolutioninjustthepastfewthousandyears.PeopleinEthiopianhighlandshaveadaptedtolivingathighaltitudes.Cattle-raisingpeopleinEastAfricaandnorthernEuropehavegainedamutation（突變）thathelpsthemdigestmilkasadults.OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell,ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindofadaptation一nottoairortofood,buttotheocean.Agroupofsea-dwellingpeopleinSoutheastAsiahaveevolvedintobetterdivers.TheBajau,asthesepeopleareknown,numberinthehundredsofthousandsinIndonesia,MalaysiaandthePhilippines.Theyhavetraditionallylivedonhouseboats;inrecenttimes,they'vealsobuilthousesonstilts（支柱）incoastalwaters/€Theyaresimplyastrangertotheland,“saidRodneyC.Jubilado,aUniversityofHawaiiresearcherwhostudiestheBajau.Dr.JubiladofirstmettheBajauwhilegrowinguponSamalIslandinthePhilippines.Theymadealivingasdivers,spearfishingorharvestingshellfish.4UWeweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocalislanders,''Dr.Jubiladosaid."Icouldseethemactuallywalkingunderthesea.”In2015,MelissaIlardo,thenagraduatestudentingeneticsattheUniversityofCopenhagen,heardabouttheBajau.Shewonderedifcenturiesofdivingcouldhaveledtotheevolutionofphysicalcharacteristicsthatmadethetaskeasierfbrthem."Itseemedliketheperfectchancefornaturalselectiontoactonapopulation,,9saidDr.Ilardo.ShealsosaidtherewerelikelyanumberofothergenesthathelptheBajaudive.l.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbytheexamplesinparagraph1?A.Environmentaladaptationofcattleraisers.B.Newknowledgeofhumanevolution.C.Recentfindingsofhumanorigin.D.Significanceoffoodselection..WheredotheBajaubuildtheirhouses?A.Invalleys.B.Nearrivers.C.Onthebeach.D.Offthecoast..WhywastheyoungJubiladoastonishedattheBajau?A.Theycouldwalkonstiltsallday.B.Theyhadasuperbwayoffishing.C.Theycouldstaylongunderwater.D.Theylivedonbothlandandwater..Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.BodiesRemodeledforaLifeatSeaB.Highlanders*SurvivalSkillsC.BasicMethodsofGeneticResearchD.TheWorld'sBestDivers答案［語(yǔ)篇解讀］文章通過(guò)列舉巴瑤人由于靠海為生，逐漸變得擅長(zhǎng)潛水的事實(shí)來(lái)說(shuō)明人類的進(jìn)化。1.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句可知我們是進(jìn)化的產(chǎn)物，而且不僅僅是發(fā)生在數(shù)十億年前的進(jìn)化。故選B（人類進(jìn)化的新知識(shí)）。.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的Theyhavetraditionallylivedonhouseboats...incoastalwaters.可知，巴瑤人把房子建在沿海水域。故選擇D（鄰近海岸）。.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段中的Weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocalislanders可知C選項(xiàng)（他們可以在水下待很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間）正確。.A主旨要義題。本文主要講述了巴瑤人因?yàn)榭亢樯鴮?dǎo)致基因變化，從而可以長(zhǎng)時(shí)間潛水。故A選項(xiàng)（為適應(yīng)海上生活而改造的身體）正確。Passage6（2020天津,C）詞數(shù):414Forpeoplewhoareinterestedinsound,thefieldofsoundtechnologyisdefinitelymakingnoise.Inthepast,soundengineersworkedinthebackroomsofrecordingstudios,butmanyoftoday'ssoundprofessionalsaresharingtheirknowledgeandexperiencewithprofessionalsinotherfieldstocreatenewproductsbasedonthephenomenonwecallsound.Soundcanbeusedasaweapon.Imaginethatapoliceofficerischasingathief.Thethieftriestoescape.Andtheofficercan'tlethimgetaway.Hepullsoutaspecialdevice,pointsitatthesuspect,andswitchesiton.Thethiefdropstotheground.ThisnewweaponiscalledaLongRangeAcousticDevice（LRAD,遠(yuǎn)程定向聲波發(fā)射器）.Itproducesadeafeningsoundsopainfulthatittemporarilydisablesaperson.ThenoisefromtheLRADisdirectedlikearayoflightandtravelsonlyintotheearsofthatperson,butitisnotdeadly.Forthosewhohungerforsomepeaceandquiet,soundcannowcreatesilence.Let'ssayyouareattheairport,andthelittleboyontheseatnexttoyouishumming（哼唱）ashortcommercialsong.Hehumsitoverandoveragain,andyouareabouttogocrazy.ThankstotheSilenceMachine,aBritishinvention,youcangetridofthesoundwithoutupsettingtheboyorhisparents.OnemaywonderhowtheSilenceMachineworks.Well,itfunctionsbyanalyzingthewavesoftheincomingsoundandcreatingasecondsetofoutgoingwaves.Thetwosetsofwavescanceleachotherout.Simplyturnthemachineon,pointitatthetarget,andyourpeaceandquietcomesback.Directedsoundisanewtechnologythatallowscompaniestousesoundinmuchthesamewayspotlights（聚光燈）areusedinthetheater.Aspotlightlightsuponlyonesectionofastage;similarly,a“spotsound“createsacircleofsoundinonetargetedarea.Thiscanbeusefulforbusinessessuchasrestaurantsandstoresbecauseitoffersanewwaytoattractcustomers.Restaurantscanofferachoiceofmusicalongwiththevariousfoodchoicesonthemenu,allowingcustomersmorecontrolovertheatmosphereinwhichtheyaredining.Directedsoundisalsobeginningtoappearinshoppingcentersandevenathomes.l.WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraph2abouttheeffectoftheLRAD?A.Itcausestemporaryhearingloss.B.Itslowsdownarunningman.C.Itmakesiteasytoidentifyasuspect.D.Itkeepsthesuspectfromhurtingothers.2.TheSilenceMachineisadevicespeciallydesignedto.A.silencethepeoplearoundyouB.removethesoundofcommercialsC.blocktheincomingsoundwavesD.stopunwantedsoundfromaffectingyou3.Whatfeaturedospotsoundsandspotlightsshare?A.Theytravelincircles.B.Theycleartheatmosphere.C.Theycanbetransformedintoenergy.D.Theycanbedirectedontoaspecificarea.4.Directedsoundcanbeusedfor.A.creativedesignsofrestaurantmenusB.idealsoundeffectsonthetheaterstageC.differentchoicesofmusicfbrbusinessesD.strictcontroloveranysuspiciouscustomer5.Whatdoesthepassagefocuson?A.Howprofessionalsinventedsoundproducts.B.Inventionsinthefieldofsoundtechnology.C.Thegrowinginterestinthestudyofsound.D.Howsoundengineersworkintheirstudios.答案［語(yǔ)篇解讀］文章介紹了聲音在實(shí)際生活中的新運(yùn)用。本文旨在讓學(xué)生了解對(duì)聲音的有效利用方面的知識(shí)。.A推理判斷題。第二段第一句是本段的主題句,意為:聲音可以被用作一種武器。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句（它產(chǎn)生一種震耳欲聾的聲音,讓人如此痛苦以至于會(huì)暫時(shí)聽不見(jiàn)聲音）可知A項(xiàng)（它導(dǎo)致暫時(shí)的聽覺(jué)喪失）是正確的。.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句（對(duì)于那些渴望安靜的人來(lái)說(shuō),聲音現(xiàn)在可以創(chuàng)造出寂靜）可知D項(xiàng)（阻止不想要的聲音影響你）是正確的。.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第二句（聚光燈只照亮舞臺(tái)的一部分;同樣地,“spotsound”在一個(gè)目標(biāo)區(qū)域創(chuàng)造出一個(gè)聲圈）可知D項(xiàng)（它們都能被對(duì)準(zhǔn)一個(gè)特定的區(qū)域）是正確的。.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第三句（這對(duì)像飯店和商店這樣的企業(yè)是有幫助的,因?yàn)樗峁┝艘环N新的吸引顧客的方法）可知C項(xiàng)（企業(yè)關(guān)于音樂(lè)的不同的選擇）是正確的。.B主旨要義題。根據(jù)文章第一段（主題段）可知，現(xiàn)在許多研究聲音的專業(yè)人士和其他領(lǐng)域的專業(yè)人士分享他們的知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，創(chuàng)造出新的產(chǎn)品，再由下面每一段的第一句話可知，本文的中心內(nèi)容是聲音在實(shí)際生活中的各種應(yīng)用。Passage7（2020天津,D）詞數(shù):421Afteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethedifferencebetweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformance,curiosityanddiscontent.Ihaveneverknownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.AndIhaveneverknownanaveragemanwhohadboth.Thetwobelongtogether.Together,thesedeephumanurges（驅(qū)策力）countformuchmorethanambition.GalileowasnotmerelyambitiouswhenhedroppedobjectsofvaryingweightsfromtheLeaningToweratPisaandtimedtheirfalltotheground.LikeGalileo,allthegreatnamesinhistorywerecuriousandaskedindiscontent,“Why?Why?Why?”Fortunately,curiosityanddiscontentdon'thavetobelearned.Wearebornwiththemandneedonlyrecapturethem.“ThegreatmanjsaidMencius（孟子），“ishewhodoesnotlosehischild'sheart."Yetmostofusdoloseit.Westopaskingquestions.Westopchallengingcustom.Wejustfollowthecrowd.Andthecrowddesiresonlythecalmandrestfulaverage.Itencouragesustooccupyourownlittlecomer,toavoidfoolishleapsintothedark,tobesatisfied.Mostofusmeetnewpeople,andnewideas,withhesitation.Butoncehavingmetandlikedthem,wethinkhowterribleitwouldhavebeen,hadwemissedthechance.Wewillprobablyhavetoforceourselvestowakenourcuriosityanddiscontentandkeepthemawake.Howshouldyoustart?Modestly,soasnottobecomediscouraged.Ithinkofonefriendwhocouldn'tarrangeflowerstosatisfyherself.Shewascuriousabouthowtheexpertsdidit.Nowsheis