醫(yī)學(xué)博士英語(yǔ)摘要寫作范文

醫(yī)學(xué)博士英語(yǔ)摘要寫作范文醫(yī)學(xué)博士英語(yǔ)摘要寫作范文醫(yī)學(xué)博士英語(yǔ)摘要寫作范文資料僅供參考文件編號(hào)：2022年4月醫(yī)學(xué)博士英語(yǔ)摘要寫作范文版本號(hào)：A修改號(hào)：1頁(yè)次：1.0審核：批準(zhǔn):發(fā)布日期：英語(yǔ)摘要可以分成三個(gè)部分，一是引言段，引出問(wèn)題；二是正文段，概述問(wèn)題并加以討論；三是結(jié)論段，用專家的建議作為結(jié)尾?？傊?，摘要寫作時(shí)切忌“見(jiàn)木不見(jiàn)林”，要體現(xiàn)出層次感，結(jié)構(gòu)要明快，不要拘泥于細(xì)節(jié)，這樣可以向閱卷老師表明你的邏輯性強(qiáng)，抓住了要點(diǎn)。ABlindZoneinChildr-Nutrition（97FATMD）Thisarticlerevealsamistakenideainchild-raisingwhichdeservescorrecting.Mostparentstakeitforgrantedthatchildrenshouldeatmoreanimalfoodssuchaschicken,meatandfishthangrainfoodbecausetheformerarefarmoreexpensiveandthemoreexpensivethefoodisthemorenutritiousitis.However,thisis,infact,amistakenideawhichhasleadtomalnutritionamongmanycitykids.ThisisindicatedinasurveyrecentlymadeinShanghai.Whatparentsdon’tknowisthatcarbohydrateingrains,starchandsugar,themainandmostinexpensivenutrientforenergysupply,isofequalimportanceinmetabolism.Theenergyitsuppliesisthemainsourceofcaloriesinhumanbodies,about60%ofthetotalamountofcalories.Ifthereisalackofcaloriesprovidedbycarbohydrate,proteinandfatwillbeuseduptoprovidetheheatandthuscan’tplaytheiroriginalrolesinthebody.Consequently,itresultsinaretardeddevelopmentinthechildrenandevenmalnutrition.Apparently,thesolutiontotheproblemistoprovidekidswithawell-balancedfoodcontainingprotein,carbohydrateandmanyothernutrients,noneofwhichcanbedonewithout.WritingDrill4（98FATMD）Inthepastseveralyears,manyChinesecollegestudentshavecometoacceptpsychologicalconsultation(PC)theyusedtoreject.In1994,manystudentsdidn’tcaretothinkabouttheconsultationwhilein1996,over90%of2132studentsinasurveyansweredtherelatedquestionnairescarefully.PCisnowgraduallyacceptedbycollegestudentsinChina.Surveysindicatethat70-80%collegestudentshavepsychologicalproblemsand20.3%havesuchobstacles.TherehavebeenreportsonmanyseverecasesresultingfrommisunderstandingandlackofPC.Inviewofthis,manyuniversitiesinNanjinghavesetuppsychologicalhealthcareserviceforstudents.ManystudentshavecorrectedtheirmisunderstandingaboutPCandbravelyaskedtheconsultantsforhelp,whichhasgreatlyhelpedthemovercometheirmentalobstacles.Evensomemilitarycadetshavebeguntoconsultexpertsforadvice.Expertspointoutthatpromptconsultationcanpreventmentalproblemsfromdevelopingintoobstacles,mentalillnessesandevensuicide.Universitypsychologicalconsultation,youngasitis,hasmaderemarkableprogressandgrownintoauniquecourseinuniversities.Thoughitcontributedtostudents’healthygrowth,itstillhasalongwaytogotobefullyunderstoodandappreciatedbybothstudentsandfaculties.WritingDrill5老年健康飲食為先Agingusuallybringsaboutrecessioninmanybodilyfunctionssuchindigestion,hypertension,arteriosclerosis,andothermetabolicdysfunctions.However,scientistsfindthatthesehypofunctionsareactuallycausedbyirrationaldietsoreatinghabits.Thisarticlediscussesthisproblemandthesolutiontoit.First,balanceddietwithmorevegetablesthananimalfoodisespeciallygoodfortheoldpeople.Second,lessstaplefoodandlesssaltinfoodshouldbesuggestedfortheagedbecauseoverconsumptionofthesetwocanleadtocardiovasculardiseases.Third,morebeanfoodcanreplaceproteinssuchaseggsandfatassourcesofprotein.Fourth,lightfoodshouldbetakenininsteadoffatandoilyfoodswhichusuallycontributetocardiovasculardiseases.Fifth,doctorsalwaysadvisepeopleeatmorefruittoregulatetheirdigestion,metabolismandcardiovascularbalance.Inaword,abalanceddiet,morevegetablefoodinsteadoffatfoodareofthefirstsignificancetothehealthoftheagedandalonglife.WritingDrill6Recently,moreattentionhasbeenpaidtoabehavioralprescriptionforvariousandphysicaldiseases.Itincludeslaughter,sports,dancingandevencrying.Thesemethodshavedifferentfunctions.Laughteractivatesover80muscles.Inlaughing,smoothmusclesinorganscontractandhelpimprovedigestion.Cryingcangiveventtoharmfulchemicalsinthebodyaccumulatedbystress.Sportsanddancingcanrelievechronicillnesssuchasbronchitis,backpain,diabetes,etc.thatmedicationalonecan’tdo.Manydiseasesoftodayarecausedbybadmentalconditions,workandstress,familyproblems,etc.Medicationdoesn’tusuallyeffectinthesecasesbecauseitdoesn’ttreatthecauseoftheailments.Behavioralprescription,withitsphysicalandmentalmassagelikesportsanddancing,canhelppatientsstayoffthecauseoftheirdiseases.Therefore,itisadvocatedbymanydoctorsandhealthexperts.Itisexpectedthatbehavioralprescriptionwillappliedmorewidelyasaneffectivetherapyinthenearfuture.fWritingDrill7SmokingandHealthItisnotuntilrecentlythatsmokinghasbeenfirmlyprovedtobehazardoustohealth.Itirritatesthethroatandrespiratorypassages.Itsometimesleadstopoorappetite,nausea,shortbreath,andirregularheartbeat.Moreimportantly,smokingisassociatedwithchronicandfataldiseasesofrespiratorytract.Evidenceshowsthatsmokersaremorelikelythannonsmokerstodevelopcancerofthelungs,throat,tongue,andjaw,emphysemaandbronchitisaswell.Asaresult,manynationshavemadeenormouseffortstowarnpeopleofthedangersofsmoking.Whilesmoking,particlesoftobaccotarandsmokeslowdowntheworkofcilia.Thetarcollectedinthelungscancausecancer.Moreover,nicotineintobaccocanbesimulatingbyaffectingvariouscentersonthemedullaoblongataregionofthebrain.Itcanaffectotherphysiologicalprocessthatinturnaffecttherespiratorycenterinthebrain.Itcanalsoinfluenceothercentersthatslowdowntheactionoftheheart,constrictthearteries,andcausevomiting.Inbrief,smokingdoesnothingbutharmtopeople’shealth.Therefore,smokersofanyageorkindshouldtrytogiveitup.這篇短文的主旨是說(shuō)明吸煙對(duì)健康危害及造成危害的原因，通讀全文，根據(jù)其要點(diǎn)可以分為四個(gè)部分：1）吸煙有害；2）吸煙有哪些具體的害處；3）為什么吸煙會(huì)有害，亦即其致害機(jī)理是什么；4）總結(jié)：吸煙有害要戒煙?？傊獙懽鲿r(shí)切忌“見(jiàn)木不見(jiàn)林”，要體現(xiàn)出層次感，結(jié)構(gòu)要明快，這樣可以向閱卷老師表明你的邏輯。WritingDrill9HandwashingandHealthHospitalinfectionisoneofthecausesofmorbidityandmortality.Theriskoftransmittingpathogensbythehandsofhealthcareworkers(HCWs)isincreasinglybigtoday.Asimpleandeffectivewayofpreventionishandwashing.ButitisfoundthatHCWsdon’talwayswashtheirhandsbeforeandafterpatientcontacts.Semmelweis,aViennesedoctorin1847,believedthathighpuerperalfeverrateinsomewardswascausedbythehandsofsomemedicalstudents.Heorderedthatallstudentswashtheirhandswithchlorinatedlimebeforeandbetweenallpatientcontacts.Asaresult,theratefellsharply.Hismethodswereusedbysomeotherhospitalsbuthisbeliefswereignoredlargelyatthattime.Inthe1980s,agovernmenthealthorganizationrecommendedthathandwashingbeimposed.Butithasnotbeenwellcompiled,eveninICUs,despitesomeeffortstoimprovecompliance.Thetraditionalhandwashingpracticehasnotbeenchangedyet.HCWshavetheirownexcusefortheresistance,suchasnotime,skinirritation,etc.Somesaytheyhavedoneitbutsurveysproveotherwise.Withmoremultidrug-resistantpathogensontheincrease.HCWshavetoknowthathandwashingmeanshealth.HCWs:washyourhandsbeforeorbetweenpatientcontacts.本篇短文主要講了通過(guò)洗手防止和減少醫(yī)院獲得性感染的問(wèn)題，這篇短文總的說(shuō)來(lái)結(jié)構(gòu)比較清晰，總結(jié)歸納起來(lái)相對(duì)容易，摘要寫作當(dāng)中，首先要將摘要分成三個(gè)部分，先象一般的論文一樣寫個(gè)引言，介紹主題，其次寫Semmelweis首先發(fā)現(xiàn)了醫(yī)務(wù)工作者不洗手而接觸病人會(huì)造成感染，而洗手可以減少這種感染及引起的死亡率，盡管他的方法沒(méi)有得到當(dāng)時(shí)醫(yī)學(xué)界的認(rèn)可，最后是結(jié)論部分，寫20世紀(jì)80年代，政府健康機(jī)構(gòu)也要求強(qiáng)制洗手，但執(zhí)行情況并不盡如人意?？傊獙懽鲿r(shí)切忌“見(jiàn)木不見(jiàn)林”，要體現(xiàn)出層次感，結(jié)構(gòu)要明快，細(xì)節(jié)引用盡量地少，這樣才可以向閱卷老師表明你的邏輯性強(qiáng)，抓住了要點(diǎn)。WritingDrill10DangerousFactorsinMaturingOntheirwaytoadulthood,adolescensarefacedwithmanydangerousfactors.ThesemayincludesexualencounterswithHIVcarriers,violence,mentalandsexualabuse,drugabuse,smoking,aswellasthenegligencefromtheadults.Whatcandoctorsdotomaketheteenagers’worldasaferplace

Perhapsweshouldfirstcallforattentionfromthemedicalprofessiontothelongignoredneedsofteenagers.Somecriticssuggestthatadolescentmedicinebecomeamedicalsubspecialtyformoreandproperattentiontoteenagers’needs.Ofcourse,therearesomedifficultiessuchaspolicymakers’focusonmoregeneralpractitionerswhereasadolescentsarepoorlyservedbythemedicalcommunity.Adolescentsdeserveprimarycarethatisattentivetotheirspecialneeds.Thebestwayistoencouragepolicymakerstobeinterestedinadolescentmedicine.Oneofthewaysforthisistorequiremostmedicalstudentsandtraineestomastertheskillsneededtotreatteenagers.WritingDrill14PsychologicalCareofMedicalPatientsTherearemoreandmorephysicallyillpeopleaccompaniedbypsychiatricmorbidity,whichcanbephysicallyandmentallyharmfulifnottreatedpromptlyandproperly.However,thereisalackofpsychiatriccareofthesepatients,whichhastobeaddressedinnotime.Therearesomecost-effectivetreatmentsforpsychiatricdisor