新視野大學(xué)英語(yǔ)第三版讀寫教程4漢譯英和完形填空

新視野大學(xué)英語(yǔ)第三版讀寫教程4漢譯英和完形填空新視野大學(xué)英語(yǔ)第三版讀寫教程4漢譯英和完形填空新視野大學(xué)英語(yǔ)第三版讀寫教程4漢譯英和完形填空xxx公司新視野大學(xué)英語(yǔ)第三版讀寫教程4漢譯英和完形填空文件編號(hào)：文件日期：修訂次數(shù)：第1.0次更改批準(zhǔn)審核制定方案設(shè)計(jì)，管理制度Unit1BankedclozeHaveyoueverheardpeoplesaythattheytendtobemoreofaright-brainorleft-brainthinker

Frombookstotelevisionprograms,youhaveprobablyheard

thetermmentionednumeroustimes,orperhapsyouhaveeventakenanonlinetesttodeterminewhichtypebestdescribesyou.DodifferentpartsofthebrainreallycontroldifferentbodilyandmentalfunctionsOvertheyears,atheorythathasgainedinpopularityisthattherightbrainandtheleftbrainareresponsiblefordifferentmodesofthoughtandthatthewayinwhichapersonthinkswilldependonwhichsideofhisbrainworksmoreactively.Peoplewhorelymoreheavilyontherighthalfoftheirbraintendtobemoreimaginativeandspontaneous.Theyareinterestedinpatterns,shapesandsizes,fortherightbrainisassociatedwithartisticabilitylikesinging,painting,Writingpoetry,etc.Left-braindominatedpeoplearequiteoppositeinthewaytheythink.Theytendtobemorelogicalandanalyticalintheirthinkingandusuallystandoutinmathematicsandwordskills.Whilethedifferentfunctionsofthetwobrainpartsmayhavebeendistortedandexaggeratedbypopularpsychology,understandingyoustrengthsandweaknessesincertainareascanhelpyoudevelopbetterwaystolearnandstudy.Forexample,ifyouareusuallystumpedintryingtofollowverbalinstructions,anactivityoftencitedasaright-braincharacteristic,youcanbenefitfromwritingdowndirectionsanddevelopingbetterorganizationalskills.2.中庸思想（DoctrineoftheMean）是儒家思想的核心內(nèi)容。TheDoctrineoftheMeanisthecoreofConfucianism.孔子所謂的“中”不是指“折中”，而是指在認(rèn)識(shí)和處理客觀事物時(shí)的一種“適度”和“恰如其分”的方法。Theso-called“mean”byConfuciusdoesn’tmean“compromise”buta“moderate”and“Justright”waywhenunderstandingandhandlingobjectivethings.孔子主張不僅要把這種思想作為一種認(rèn)識(shí)和處理事物的方法來(lái)看待，而且還應(yīng)該通過(guò)自身修養(yǎng)和鍛煉，把它融入自己的日常行為當(dāng)中，使之成為一種美德。Confuciusadvocatedthatthisthoughtshouldnotonlybetreatedasawaytounderstandanddealwiththingsbutalsobeintegratedintoone’sdailyconducttomakeitavirtuethroughself-cultivationandtraining.中庸思想是儒家思想的核心，也是中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化的重要組成部分。TheDoctrineoftheMeanisnotonlythecoreofConfucianismbutalsoanimportantcomponentoftraditionalChineseculture.從它的形成到現(xiàn)在，一直為民族精神的構(gòu)建、民族智慧的傳播、民族文化的發(fā)展發(fā)揮著不可估量的作用。Fromthetimeitcameintobeingtothepresent,ithasplayedaninvaluableroleintheconstructionofnationspirit,thetransmissionofnationalwisdom,andthedevelopmentofnationalculture.Unit2BankedclozeIwasonceinarelationshipwithawomanwhowasthemostbrilliant,creativeanddrivenpersonI’deverknown.Itoldherthesethingsoftenbecauseshedidn’tseeherselfthisway,despiteachievinggreatsuccessandacclaim(稱贊)inherprofessionalfield.Shewasalsogorgeousandsexy,thoughtsheseemednottorealizethiseither,soItoldherthesethingstoo.ButwhileIthoughtitwasmoreimportanttopraiseherbrilliance,itseemedtomeanmoretoherthatshewasconsideredattractive.Myexperiencewiththisgirlfriendexemplifiesacommonphenomenoninlife-whenitcomestocomplimentingawoman,menoftenwalkaverydifficultline.Ofcourse,contextmatters.Inaprofessionalsetting,talkingaboutappearanceisofteninappropriate,butatasinglesclub,itmaybeimportant.Shewillbeverypleasedifamanthinksherclothsandaccessoriesarepretty,orherhairlookswonderful.However,thingsinbetweenthesetwocasesareunclear.Womenhaveeveryrighttoberecognizedandappreciatedortheirintelligenceandcreativity.Butatthesametime,theywanttobeadmiredfortheirlooksaswell,forexample,theirperfectskincomplexionandelegantoutfits.Unfortunately,mostguysdon’tunderstandthis.Ifwereceivecomplimentsfromwomen,they’reusuallyaboutourachievements,notourlooks.Mostofusdon’texpectawomantotellushowhandsomeorsexyweare,andsomeofuswouldfindithardtoregardsucha(an)commentassincere.I’mnotsayingit’sveryhardtobeaguythesedays.Itisimportantforeverymantounderstandhowtotreatwomenwithbothrespectandadmiration.Butasfarastherightbalanceofthesetwoisconcerned,wereallyhavenoframeofreference,especiallywhenitcomestolooks.中國(guó)的四大名著是指《三國(guó)演義》（RomanceoftheThreeKingdoms）、《水滸傳》（OutlawsoftheMarsh）、《西游記》（JourneytotheWest）和《紅樓夢(mèng)》（ADreamofRedMansions）四部著名小說(shuō)。ThefourgreatclassicChinesenovelsareRomanceoftheThreeKingdoms,OutlawsoftheMarsh,JourneytotheWestandADreamofRedMansions.它們的創(chuàng)作時(shí)間均處于元末明初至清代期間，AllthefournovelswerewrittenduringtheperiodfromthelateYuanandearlyMingdynastiestotheQingDynasty.其內(nèi)容反映了中國(guó)古代的政治和軍事斗爭(zhēng)、社會(huì)矛盾、文化信仰等各個(gè)方面。TheyallreflectvariousaspectsofancientChina,includingpoliticalandmilitarystrife,socialconflictsandculturalbeliefs.四大名著具有很高的藝術(shù)水平，代表了中國(guó)古典小說(shuō)的高峰。Thefournovelsareofsupremeartisticstandards,representingthepeakofChina’sclassicnovels.書(shū)中的許多人物和場(chǎng)景在中國(guó)家喻戶曉，并且已經(jīng)深深地影響了整個(gè)民族的思想觀念和價(jià)值取向。Lotsofthecharactersandscenesinthebooksarewell-knowninChinaandhaveexertedprofoundinfluencesontheideologyandvaluesoftheentirenation.四本著作在中國(guó)古代民俗、封建制度、社會(huì)生活等多個(gè)領(lǐng)域皆有巨大的研究?jī)r(jià)值，是中國(guó)乃至全人類的寶貴文化遺產(chǎn)。HighlyvaluablefortheresearchofChina’sancientcustoms,feudalsystem,andsociallife,thefourclassicnovelsarepreciousculturalrelicsofChinaaswellasthehumansocietyasawhole.Unit3BankedclozeInsomeurbancenters,workaholism(工作狂)issocommonthatpeopledunotconsideritunusual:Theyacceptthelifestyleasnormal.GovernmentworkersinWashingtonD.C.,forexample,frequentlywork60to70hoursaweek.Theydon’tdothisbecausetheyhavedo;theydoitbecausetheywantto.Workaholismcanbeaseriousproblem.Trueworkaholics,beingdeeplyimmersedintheirwork,allowthemselveslittleornotimetotakebreaks.Theyliketoworkwithoutbeingdisrupted,andtheyprobablydon’tknowhowtorelax.ButisWorkaholismalwaysbad

Perhapsnot.Therearepeoplewhoworkwellunderstress.Besides,somestudiesshowthatmanyworkaholicshavegreatenergyandinterestintheirownsphere.Theirworkissopleasurablethattheyareactuallyveryhappy.Formostworkaholics,workandentertainmentarethesamething.Theirworkchallengethem,keepingthembusyandgenuinelyengaged.WhydoworkaholicsenjoydoingtheirjobssomuchOfcoursetheygetpaychecksfromit,butitishardtoquantifythepleasurewithmoney.Itoffersmorethanfinancialsecurity.Psychologistsclaimthatworkgivespeopleanidentityandprovidesthemwithself-confidence.Peoplehaveafeelingofsatisfactionwhentheyadministrateabusinesswellorcompleteachallengingpieceofwork.Inaddition,mostjobsprovideasociallyacceptablewayforpeopletomeetothers.So,thoughtsomepeoplearecompulsive(強(qiáng)迫性的)abouttheirwork,theiraddictionseemstobeasafeorevenanadvantageousone.Theyfeelemptyandincompletewhentheyareinvolvedinactivitiesnotrelatedtowork.近年來(lái)，隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)的迅猛發(fā)展，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)已成為一個(gè)熱門話題。Inrecentyears,withtherapiddevelopmentofInternettechnology,theInterneteconomyhasbecomeahotissue.以蓬勃發(fā)展的電子商務(wù)為代表的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)已成為經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的重要引擎。AsrepresentedbythepromisingE-commerce,theInterneteconomyhasbecomeastrongdrivingforcefortheeconomicdevelopment.我國(guó)政府高度重視發(fā)展互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，提出了“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+”的概念，以推動(dòng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)與醫(yī)療、交通、教育、金融、公共服務(wù)等領(lǐng)域的結(jié)合。OurgovernmentattachesgreatimportancetodevelopingtheInterneteconomyandproposestheconceptof“Internetplus”,aimingtointegrateInternetwithotherindustries,suchashealthcare,transportation,education,financeandpublicservice.這將為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展提供極大的發(fā)展?jié)摿透鼜V闊的發(fā)展空間。ThiswillcreategreatpotentialandbroadprospectsforthedevelopmentofftheInterneteconomy.隨著“戶聯(lián)網(wǎng)+”戰(zhàn)略的深入實(shí)施，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)必將與更多傳統(tǒng)行業(yè)進(jìn)一步融合，助力打造“中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)升級(jí)版”。Withtheimplementationofthe“InternetPlus”strategy,theInternetiscertaintobeintegratedwithmoretraditionalindustriesandhelpbuild“theupgradedversionoftheChineseeconomy”.Unit41.BankedclozeFarminginvariablyinterfereswiththehabitatsofplantsandanimals.However,thisdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatagricultureandbiodiversityareincompatible.Infact,quitetheoppositeistrue.Thesustainablecultivationofplantsforfoodandfeedactuallyenablesustopreservebiodiversity.By2007,thereweremorethantwiceasmanypeoplelivingontheplanetastherewerein1961.Overthesameperiod,thetotalamountofavailablearable()landgrewbyjust10percent.Incomparisonwithpopulationgrowth,theexpansionofarablelandwassmall.Andtherearelimitstofurtherexpansion.Alargeproportionoftheearth’ssurface-likedeserts-isnotsuitableforcultivation,andotherareasareutilizedbyhumansforroadsandbuildings.Somelandthatisrichinbiodiversityneedstobepreservedandthusshouldnotbeconvertedintoarableland.Thetropicalrainforests,forexample,havethehighestspeciesdensityintheworld,andchangingthislandforcropcultivationwouldbedreadfultothesespecies’habitatsand,indeed,existence.By2050,globaldemandforfoodwillhaverisenby70percent.Buttheexpansionoflandavailableforcultivationhasitslimits.Thisisoneofthegreatestchallengesfacingagriculturetoday:Howdowebalancetheincreaseddemandforfoodwiththeneedtomaintainbiologicaldiversity,nowandinthefuture?

Efficientandsaneuseoflandwillbekeytopreservingnaturalanimalandplanthabitats.Toachievethisaimwilldependtoa(an)considerableextentontheuseofmodernagriculturalmethods.Ifthesemethodsaresuccessfullyapplied,webelievethatagricultureandbiodiversitycancoexistinharmony.2.蘇州園林是中國(guó)古典園林最杰出的代表，大部分為私家所有。SuzhougardensarethemostoutstandingrepresentativesofclassicalChinesegardens.Mostofthemwereprivately-owned.蘇州園林始于春秋，興于宋元，盛于明清。ThegardensfirstappearedintheSpringandAutumnPeriod,developintheSongandYuandynasties,andflourishedintheMingandQingdynasties.清末蘇州園林已有各色園林170余處，為其贏得了“園林之城”的稱號(hào)。BythelateQingDynasty,Suzhouhadgotasmanyasover170gardensofdiverse,winningitthename“TheCityofGardens”.現(xiàn)保存完好的園林有60多處，對(duì)外開(kāi)放的有十余處。Now,over60gardensarekeptingoodcondition,ofwhichmorethan10areopentothepublic.其中滄浪亭、獅子林、拙政園和留園分別代表著宋、元、明、清四個(gè)朝代的藝術(shù)風(fēng)格，被稱為“蘇州四大名園”。TheSurgingWavePavilion,theLionGroveGarden,theHumbleAdministrator’sGardenandtheLingeringGardenarecalledthefourmostfamousgardeninSuzhou,representingtheartisticstylesoftheSong,Yuan,MingandQingdynastiesrespectively.蘇州園林宅園合一，可賞，可游，可居，其建筑規(guī)制反映了中國(guó)古代江南民間的生活方式和禮儀習(xí)俗。Suzhougardensareassembliesofresidencesandgardens,whichmakethemsuitableplacesforliving,visitingandappreciating.ThearchitecturalprinciplesofthegardensareademonstrationofthelifestyleandsocialcustomsoftheancientChinesepeopleinthesouthoftheLowerYangtzeRiver.蘇州園林不僅是歷史文化的產(chǎn)物，同時(shí)也是中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)思想文化的載體。SuzhougardensarenotonlyaproductofChinesehistoryandculture,butalsoacarrieroftraditionalChineseideologyandculture.1997年，蘇州園林被聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織列入“世界遺產(chǎn)名錄”。In1997,SuzhougardenswereinscribedontheWorldHeritageListbyUNESCO.Unit5Stereotypeshavesometruthmixedinwithafewgeneralizations.Sometimesthesegeneralizationscanbemisleadingastheyareoftenbasedonobservationoftheexteriorbehaviorofpeopleinacertainculture.Spaghetti,pasta,mafia(黑手黨),gestures,fashion-thesearesomewordscommonlyusedtodescribeItalians.Howmuchtruthisthereinthestereotype

AsanItalianmyself,IwillgiveyousomeinsightsintotheItaliansoulandclarifysomemisunderstandingsthatforeignershaveaboutus.Spaghettiandpastaaresacred.Youcan’ttakepastaawayfromanItalianmeal;otherwiseitwon’tbecomplete.AtypicalItalianmealgenerallyincludespastaasastarter,fishormeatwithsaladasthemaincourse,followedbyfruitordessert,andthencoffee.ButthereareconsiderableregionaldifferencesinItaly,andhenceinconsistenciesexistbetweenthestereotypeandreality.Forinstance,youmightfindrisotto(加有肉、魚(yú)或蔬菜的調(diào)味飯)replacingpastainsomeplaces!TheMafiaisreal:Wearenotproudofit,butitdoesexist,especiallyintheSouthandontheislandofSicily.Obviously,noteveryItalianisamemberoftheMafia,andmostwillbeoffendedifyouusetheterm,evenifyouarejustjoking.Yes,thewaywespeakisunique.Italiansusegesturesalotincommunication.Wesimplycannottalkwithoutourhands.Ifthehandsarebusydoingsomethingelse,westartmovingshouldersorotherpartsofthebody.Wearealsofashionvictims.YoucanrecognizeItaliansbythewaytheydressfromheadtotoe.Wewearstylishclothesandornamentsforeverypossibleoccasion.Youwon’teverseeanItalianwearingrunningshortscombinedwithlongsocks:It’ssimplyagainstoursenseofstyle!Italyismadeupofmanyregionsandprovinceswhicharesimilarinsomewaysanddistinctiveinothers.Thestereotypecontainssometruth,butbeingItaliantakesalotmorethanthat.2.中華文明曾對(duì)世界文明產(chǎn)生過(guò)重大影響。Chinesecivilizationoncehadasignificantinfluenceonworldcivilization.近年來(lái)，隨著我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和國(guó)際地位的提升，歷史悠久的中國(guó)文化正引起世界新的關(guān)注。Withthedevelopmentofourcountry’seconomyandtheriseofherinternationalstatusinrecentyears,Chineseculture,whichhasalonghistory,isonceagainattractingglobalattention.越來(lái)越多的中國(guó)元素為當(dāng)今世界時(shí)尚、文學(xué)、影視作品等提供了創(chuàng)作靈感，成為熱門題材。MoreandmoreChineseculturalelementsprovideinspirationforandbecomepopularsubjectsoffashions,literatureandmoviesaroundtheworld.這一現(xiàn)象表明，世界需要中國(guó)文化。ThisshowsthattheworldneedsChineseculture.在這種背景下，我國(guó)決定實(shí)施文化“走出去”的戰(zhàn)略，以加強(qiáng)中國(guó)與世界其他各國(guó)的文化交流。ItwasinthiscontextthatChinadecidedtoimplementthe“CultureExporting”strategysoastoenhanceherculturalexchangeswiththerestoftheworld.經(jīng)過(guò)數(shù)年的努力，這項(xiàng)工程已經(jīng)取得了很大的成績(jī)。Afterseveralyears’efforts,greatachievementshavebeenmadeinthisrespect.文化“走出去”大力推動(dòng)了我國(guó)文化產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展，正成為提升我國(guó)國(guó)家形象和綜合實(shí)力的有效途徑?！癈ultureExporting”hasgreatlypromotedthedevelopmentofourculturalindustries.ItisbecominganeffectiveapproachthroughwhichChinaenhanceshernationimageandcomprehensivestrength.Unit6BankedclozeToinvestinwomen’seducationandhealthisimportantfortheoverallwelfareofthehumansociety.Thereasonforsayingsoisobvious,thatis,womenareplayingimportantrolesinmodernsociety.Thepoliticianswholevytaxesshouldknowthatwomencontributeto40percentoftheworld’sproductioninagriculture,aquarterinindustry,andathirdinservices.Womenfarmersinthedevelopingcountriesgrowatleast50percentoftheworld’sfood.Inadditiontogeneratingincome,womencontinuetotakeresponsibilitiesforhouseholdactivitiessuchaschildcare,cleaningandpreparingfood,whicharesometimesnotaslightweightandeasyasgenerallythought.Yetwomen’sproductivityremainslow.Improvingwomen’sproductivitycangreatlybenefiteconomicgrowthandpovertyreductionwhicharekeydevelopmentgoalsaroundtheworld.Hence,toenhancewomen’sstatusisavitalpartoftheWorldBank’sstrategyforbroadlybasedeconomicandhumanresourcedevelopment.T