英語音標(biāo)基礎(chǔ)學(xué)習(xí)及練習(xí)

英語音標(biāo)基礎(chǔ)學(xué)習(xí)及練習(xí)英語音標(biāo)基礎(chǔ)學(xué)習(xí)及練習(xí)英語音標(biāo)基礎(chǔ)學(xué)習(xí)及練習(xí)xxx公司英語音標(biāo)基礎(chǔ)學(xué)習(xí)及練習(xí)文件編號(hào)：文件日期：修訂次數(shù)：第1.0次更改批準(zhǔn)審核制定方案設(shè)計(jì)，管理制度英語音標(biāo)學(xué)習(xí)認(rèn)識(shí)幾個(gè)定義：1、音素英語語音中最小的發(fā)音單位。2、元音發(fā)音時(shí)氣流在通路上不受發(fā)音器官的阻礙。3、輔音發(fā)音時(shí)氣流在通路上受到發(fā)音器官的阻礙。4、音節(jié)說話時(shí)最小的語音片段。一個(gè)可以為單個(gè)元音（如I/a?/），或者一個(gè)元音加上一個(gè)或多個(gè)輔音（如tree/tri:/）。單詞可以根據(jù)音節(jié)數(shù)量分為：?jiǎn)我艄?jié)詞，雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞。5、開音節(jié)以讀音為元音的字母結(jié)尾的音節(jié)，即輔音+元音（如me,he等）；或以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾（如name,come等）。6、閉音節(jié)以一個(gè)或幾個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾且中間只有一個(gè)元音，即元音+輔音（如it,pen,pick等）。7、重讀在雙音節(jié)或多音節(jié)單詞中，有個(gè)音節(jié)必須讀得特別強(qiáng)而重，而其它音節(jié)讀得相對(duì)弱而輕，這種現(xiàn)象就叫單詞重讀。用符號(hào)“’”表示。8、清音和濁音（輔音）發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶不振動(dòng)叫清輔音；聲帶振動(dòng)叫濁輔音。音標(biāo)基礎(chǔ)學(xué)習(xí)一、英語共有48個(gè)音素，元音20個(gè)，輔音28個(gè)元音1.長(zhǎng)短：/i://?//?://?//?://?//U://?/2.大小：/e//?//ɑ://?/3.I組：/e?//a?//??/4.U組：/??//a?/5.?組：/??//e?//??/清輔音 /p//t//k//f//θ//s//?//t?//tr//ts//h/

濁輔音/b//d//g//v//e//z/

/?//d?//dr/

/dz//r//m//n//?/

/?//w//j/注：s與輔音元音里的爆破音結(jié)合時(shí)，通常是清輔音被濁化,/p//t//k/它們濁化后，分別發(fā)成:/b//d//g/二．26個(gè)字母在單詞中的具體發(fā)音a/ei/nameablecaketabletakedate/?/applecatmapammatchmattersadandangry/ɑ:/dancelastpassplant/?/wantwhatwatchwash/?/aarrivealongalikealoude/i:/heshemeeveningmeter/e/elephanteggbedpenbestgetemptyFebruarynextthensend/i/enjoyEnglishelevenbecauseforesti/ai/finebikefiveiceclimberhikingkind/i/issitmisspigpictureinterestingilldinnerhimlistenpickrivero/?u/oldhomenosecoketomatotofuoverholdpiano/?/dognotclockboxrobotonfromforestoftenstop/?/sonmonthmotherloveyoung/u:/whodowhoseu/ju:/useusuallyexcusemenu/?/busussunduckuncleuptrunkfunnymust/u/putpullhelpfulb/b/bookbigbagboxc/k/cleanclimbcupclockcookcollectcurtainclothes/s/facenicepencilcitycinemad/d/deskdolldogdaddaydon’tdishdoesdeepf/f/finefriendflyfootfanfallfightfavouritefruitfunnyg/ɡ/gunglassgladgoget/d?/ageorangevillageh/h/hatherhousehoneyhappyhaveheavierhurthobbyhospitalj/d?/jeepjacketjumpJan.JulyJunek/k/kitecakethankkangaroospeaktakewalkworklakelikel/l/legleftrulerflaglamplongerrelaxplay/l/applebowltelloldtailwhalem/m/ammapmymouthmilkn/n/noknownewhand/?/thankthinkthinguncleswingp/p/mapjeeppigpenappleplantplaypotatopleasepolicemanq/kw/quitequiltquickr/r/redradiobrotherrainreadrunrabbitwritemirrorlibrarys/s/sitmissthissaltybooksspringswimsleepsometimesgrass/z/nosethoseroserulersseasont/t/itsitnotthattablelittletiredtakeleftfruitbutplantv/v/fiveverysevenvillagelivew/w/wewindowwatchwantwaitwaterWednesdaywinterwithx/ks/boxsixfoxrelaxy/ai/myflywhybye/j/yesyellowyoungyesterday/i/happybabyverywindysnowystudyz/z/zoozero三、常見字母組合（一）元音組合

ai

/ei/

wait

paint

ay/ei/mayplaydaysay

air/ε?/airhairchair

al/?:/tallsmallball

ar/α:/fartherfarmcararmea①/i:/meatpleasetearead

②/e/headbreadready

③/i?/

theater

ear①/i?/ear

hear

near

②/ε?/

bear

③/?:/

earth

ee/i:/meetseebeefeetjeep

eir/ε?/their

er①/?/

workerteacher

②

/?:/

her

ere①/i?/

here

②/ε?/wherethereew①/ju:/new

few

②/u:/flew

grew

ight/ai/righthighbright

ir/?:/birdgirlshirtthirty

oa/?u/boatcoat

ong/o?/

long

song

oo①/u/bookfootgood

②/u:/moonballoon

or①/?:/shortforkport

②/?:/wordworldwork

oor/?:/door

floor

ore/?:/morestoresoreou/au/outhousemouth

our①/?:/four

your②

/au?/our

ow①/?u/bowl

window②

/au/nowcowflower

oy/oi/

boy

toy

ur/?:/

turn（二）輔音組合

th①/θ/thank

mouth

②/δ/thisthatwithtr

/tr/treetraintruck

dr

/dr/dressdriver

sh/∫/shirtwashshort

ch①/t∫/childchaircatch

②/k/school

Christmas

③/dз/

sandwich

tw/tw/

twotwintwenty

wh①/w/whitewheelwhat

②/h/whowhosewhom

ts/ts/

jackets

kites

ds/dz/

birds

friends（三）特殊組合tion/∫n/questionnation四、單詞重音（wordstress）英語單詞分為單音節(jié)詞，雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞。含有一個(gè)元音音素的字母組合叫做一個(gè)音節(jié)，由一個(gè)音節(jié)構(gòu)成的詞叫做單音節(jié)詞，如bed[b?d],dad[d?d].由兩個(gè)音節(jié)構(gòu)成的詞叫雙音節(jié)詞，如funny

['f?n?]

，famous

['fem?s]

由兩個(gè)以上音節(jié)構(gòu)成的單詞叫多音節(jié)詞，如delicious

[d?'l???s]

英語單詞如果有一個(gè)以上的音節(jié)則有重讀音節(jié)和非重讀音節(jié)，由符號(hào)“’”表示，如about

[?'baut]。有的多音節(jié)詞有兩個(gè)重音，一個(gè)是主重音，一個(gè)是次重音，或兩個(gè)都是主重音，次重音用符號(hào)“，”表示，標(biāo)在次重音的左下方。如anybody

['?n?,bɑd?]。雙音節(jié)的重音一般落在第一個(gè)音節(jié)上，多音節(jié)的重音通常為倒數(shù)第三個(gè)音節(jié)，如documentary

[,dɑkj?'m?nt?r?]，grandfather

['gr?nd,fɑe?]。四．句子重音（sentencestress）一個(gè)句子中，實(shí)詞（名詞，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，數(shù)詞，形容詞，副詞等）重讀；虛詞（冠詞，介詞）不重讀。英語音標(biāo)練習(xí)題一、口語練習(xí)（一）讀出下列單詞：1./i://i//e//?//bit//wi:k//di:l//ri?l//kid//dig//kwik//tip//zip//rid//wil/bitweekdealrealkiddigquicktipzipridwill/p?k//g?p//tr??//n?g//r?m//b?tl//sed//′h?pi//′setl//di′pend/packgaptrashnagrambattlesaidhappysettledepend2./a://?://?//u://u//ma:sk//pa:st//fra:ns//st?:m//n?:t//f?ks//s?k//fa://la:d?//ma:k/maskpastFrancestormnaughtfoxsockfarlargemark/θ?t//pr?mis//lu:s//tuk//mud//θru://pul//wud/thoughtpromiseloosetookmoodthroughpullwood3./?//?//?//d?l//′h?ri//g?lf//′tr?bl//?:n//s?:f//′t?:n?//′beg?//t?k/dullhurrygulftroubleearnsurfturnerbeggertuck/k?:b//?:k//?′merik//′s?k?//′k?mp?//s?′vei//p?′veid//p?′h?ps/curbirkAmericasoccercampersurveypervadeperhaps4./ei//?u//ai//au//?i//keip//greit//mein//pr?p?uz//′m?u??n//st?un//′?uv?//sait/kapegreatmainproposemotionstoneoversight/raim//daut//′taipist//aust//m?ist//′?ist?/rhymedoubttypistoustmoistoyster5./i?//??//u?//vi?//?′f??//d??//sk??//bu?n//gu?d//′ru?r?l//?′pi?//k?′l?mbi?/veeraffairdarescarebourngourdruralappearColombia6./θ//e//m?nθ//θi:f//e?t//e?n//feiθ//t?′gee?//θ??k//e?m′selvz/monththiefthatthanfaithtogetherthankthemselves（二）、繞口令：Atidytigertiedatietightertotidyhertinytail.AmadmansaysthatAmandahascapturedafatpanda.Ifyounoticethisnotice,youwillnoticethatthisnoticeisnotworthnoticing.Abigblackbugbitabigblackbear,madethebigblackbearbleedblood.Iftwowitcheswatchedtwowatches,whichwitchwouldwatchwhichwatchWhichwristwatchisaSwisswristwatch

Shesellsseashellsontheseashore.Theseashellsshesellsareseashellssheissure.二、筆頭練習(xí)：（一）.找出畫線部分讀音不同的單詞(

)1.A.teaB.meatC.weatherD.beach

(

)2.A.backB.fastC.haveD.map

(

)3.A.warmB.gardenC.marketD.party

(

)4.A.schoolB.toothC.chooseD.good

(

)5.A.JuneB.rulerC.putD.menu(

)6.A.goB.noC.coldD.hot

(

)7.A.pushB.funC.sunD.ugly

(

)8.A.tigerB.herC.officerD.over

(

)9.A.mouthB.dangerousC.thousandD.about(

)10.A.too B．classroom C．broomD．a(chǎn)fternoon(

)11.A.yellow B．brown C．window D．know(

)12.A．these B．they C．brother D．three(

)13.A．teacher B．seat C．sweater D．please(

)14.A.islandB.s