全國(guó)英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試pets筆試真題試卷

全國(guó)英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試pets筆試真題試卷作者:

日期:全國(guó)英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試pets5筆試真題試卷（含答案）光任編輯：琴瑟琵越【試題】2011<|9JJ26日［點(diǎn)評(píng)1公共英語(yǔ)頻道公共英語(yǔ)培訓(xùn)公共英語(yǔ)網(wǎng)上培訓(xùn)PETS五級(jí)真題SectionIListeningCoiqprehension(90Minutes)Directionst7fti，seaimtisdexi^edto aMUytounder^arulspokenEnxlish.Youwillhearaselectionofrecorded/natcrialnwWypwmustanswerthequeuionsihaiaccompanytlum.Thdr變arer"網(wǎng)尸“in由晨sMinn.PartA.fartRandPartC,whilearedoiftgthetest.youshouldfirstputz/ohttyouranswersinyourtesttwckje,.NOT9m出ANSWERSHEET.AttheendvftheHorningccmprehfttsionsection^youwiltlum5minutearotransferycur必s?ersfromy(?urtestlhwkleionroANSWERSHEET1.H)s*haveanyquciions.wmmayraiseyourhandNOWasyouwillnat加ulhwedtospeakoncetherestisstarted.NowhotutParrAinyourtextIwMet.PartAYouwillhearatalk.AsyouListen,answexQuestions1to10bycirclingTxueorFalse.Youwillhearthe"talkONLYONCE.Younowhave60secondstoread.Questionsl~10?AmericansHiovedaLotbecausetheywantedtohavemorelivingspace.Fromthetalkwecaninferthatpeoplewhotendtomovefirstwereyming.ThemovementofAjn&ricansbeganaroundthe1910s.MostofthefoxtunehuntersfoundLifeinthecityeasier.Inthe1950sjpeoplebeganniovingoutofcitiesintosuburbs.Thesuburbanpeopleprobablybegantohavemoneyproblemsintheearly]970s.Drivingcostsincreasedthemostduringthelate1970sintheU.S.8.Taxesinsuburbanareasremained,xinchanged.Tosolvemoneyproblems,somepeopledecided,tomovebacktocities.Thespeaker5stoneinthetalkisquitesubjective.TRUE/FALSETRUE/FALSETRUE/FALSETRUE/FALSETRUE/FALSETRUE/FALSETRUE/FALSETEUE/FALSETRUE/FALSETRUE/FALSEYounorhare20secondstocheckyouransrexstoQuestioxi^1?10.Thatistheend.ofPartA.PartBYouwillhear3talksandyoumustanswerthequestionsbychoosing%比CoxD.YouwillheartherecordingONLYONCE.Questioms11~13areba^sedon-thefollovxngtalk.Younovhave15secondstoreadQuestions11?13.11?HowoldisRyan?Twenty-twoyearsold.Threeyearsold.Threemonthsold.Twenty-twomonthsold.Where-wastheoperationcarriedout?Manchester.Dalton.Washington.NewYoik.WhatareRyanJschancesofmakingacompleterecovexy?50 - 60 percent.[fi] 30 - 40 percent.40 " 50 percent.40 - 60 percent.Younovhare30secondstocheckymuaa2rvexsto^uestiaxu11-13.Questions14-16arebased,onthefollovingtalk.Youdothare15secondstoxeadQuestions14-16.HowhasBrazilreduceditspopulationgtowfh1?Byeducatingitscitizens.BydevelopingTVpr^gx^ms.Bycarefulfamilyplanning.Bychance.HowdidsoapoperashelpinloweringBzazirsbirthrate?TheykeeppeoplesittingLonghours-watchingTV.Theyhaveeraduallychangedpeopleswayoflife.Peopleaxedrawntotheirattiactivepackage.Theypopularizebirth.controlmeasuxes.WhatisMartine'sconclusionaboutBraziVspopulationgrowth?[A.)Theincieaseinbirthratewillpromoteconsumption.ThedesireforconsumptionheIpstoreducebuthcontrol.Conswnplionpalternandreproductionpatternaxecontradictoxy.Acountry'$pxoductionislimitedbyitspopulationgrowth..Youbovhavxe30secondstocheckyouraxwverstoQuestiofts14-16.Questions17-20arebasedanthefollovinstalk.￥ouhothare20secondstoreadQuestions17-20.Whatkindofchancesaxechi1dieninAmericatodaydenied?Toleaxnhovtofacedeath.”Toattendtopatients.Tovisitdyingpatients.Tohaveaccesstoahospital.Forwhatpurposewerethosefivehundredcriticallyillpatientsinvestigated?[k]Observinghow-theyreactedtothecrisisofdeath.

Helpingthemandtheirfamiliesovercomethefearofdeaih.Findmgouttheixattitudetowardstheapproach,ofdeath.LeMmnghowtobesthelpthemandtheixfamilies.Whatdoes-theneedofa.dyingpatientfotcompanyshow?HisdesixeforconBunicationwithotherpeople.Hisfearofapproachingdeath.Hispessimisticattitude-towardshiscondition.Hisreluctancetopartwithhisfamily.Whatihiybeconcludedfromth*talk?[A]Dyingpatientsaxeafiaidofbeingtoldoftheapproachofdeath.[B]Mostdoctorsandn-uxsesunderstandidaatdyingpatientsneed.DyingpatientsshouldbetruthfullyinfoTnedoftheircondition..MostpatientsaxeunableIoacceptdeathuntilitisobviouslyinevitable.Yotinowhave40seccmdstocdieckyotxranswerstoQuestionsIT~20.ThatistheendofPartB.PartCIMYourillheaoratalk.Asyoulisten,ymimstaii5verIMQuestions21~30bymtingBOBORETHAMTwordsinthespaceporcnrldedon.therigh't.Youvd.llheartlaetalkTVICE.Younghave60secondstoreadQuestions21 30.Thendidtheastronautsland,onthenoon?Whatdid-thespeakerliketodo-whenshewasachild?Wheredidherinterestanddesirecoaefrom?Whatdidshewant弋。bewhenshewasachild?25,Wendidshediscoverresistance?Whatwasshetoldnottodowhensheappliedtocoll?ge?27.Vhatwasshenotallowedtodowhensheenteiedcollege?28.Whydidherconfidenceinheiabilityandthedesixetostudysciencedecreaseduringhercollegeyears?Whatwasthetroublewhenshegotherfiistjob?Whyisitthatthereazenotmorescientistsinthefieldaccordingtothespeakex?Younowhave100secondstocheckyouransverstoQuestims21-30?Thatistheend.ofPartC.Younowhave5BinutestotransferallyouranswersfromyourtestbooklettoAN-SWERSHEET1.ThatistheendofListeningCoinprehension.,????????THISISTHEE\i)(USECTIONIDaKOTMLWOKWORK0、THEVKXTSECTION.LXTILYOl；ARETOrJfTOCO'TFNU匕????????SectionIIU

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thefollowingirxtandfliteaehofthenumberedspaceswithONEsuitableww"Wrire\vuransweron/WSIVERSHEET/.IfyouarebuyingapropertyinFrancewwhetherfarapcrmiuientoraholidayhome,M永importanttoopenaFrenchbankaccount.Althoughitispossibletoexistontraveller*scheques.Eurochequesandcreditcanfc(JI) byBritishbanks,the(32)forthese(33) can.beexpensive.Thesimplcsiwaytopayregular(34) such螢electricity,gasertelephone,(35) whenywarcn(Hinresides,isbydirectdebit(asumwithdrawnfromanaccount)fromyourFrenchaeecnirtt.To(36)_acurrentaccountyouwillneedio(37) yourpassportandbirth(初) andioprovideyouraddrwsintheUnitedKingdom.Youwillbeissuedwithachequetxu)kwithinweeksofopeningtheaccount.InFrartceitisillegaltobeoverdrawn.Allaccountsmustbeoperated(39)_credit.However.therearcno(40). charges.Notechaicheques(41) longer(oclearinPrancethanbnBritain,canonlybestopped(42)Molenorlost.Theeasiestway(o(43) moneyfromgBriiishbankaccounttoaFrench(44) isbybanktransfer.YousimplyprovideyourBritishbankwiththename,addres、and(45) ofyourFrenchbankac.couMTheprocedurelakesaboutaweekand(46) beiuccn￡5and￡40foreachtransaction.(47) onyourBritishbank.(.第) ― .yg?cantransfermoney(419) 九FrenchbankinI-ondon.YoucanaLsosendasterlingcheque(allowalleAst12daysfarthechequetobecleared),Eurochequeso<traveller's(50) rFinally,ilisag-oodideatomaleafriendofyourFrenchbankmanager.Hishelpcanproveinvaluable.THISISTHEENDOFSfcCUO.V|]

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YWARKTOU)TOCCNHNUE??????SectionIIIReadingCoaqprehension

(50Bimites)PartARead,thefollowingtextsandanswerthequestionswhichaccompanythembychoosingA」BjCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSVffiRSHEET1.Text1Topnxlucetheupheavalin<hcfailedStatesthatchangedandmcxlcmiz^dthedomainofhighereducationfromthemid*186()stothemid-188O's.threeprimarycausesinteracted.Themergenceofahaif-dozcnleadersincduca-dooprovidedthepcrsotnalforwihaiwa5needed.Moreover4an■owicq,forafresher,morepracticaltandmoreadvancedkindofinMmetionarcyamongthealumniandfriendsofnearlyalloftheoldcollegerandgrewintoamovementthatoverrodeallcanMrrvalivcopposition.Theaggre&sive°YeungYale"movementappeared.demandingpar.lialalumnicontrol.amoreliberalspirit,andabroadercourseofstudy.ThegtidM及ofHarvardUniversitysimul-Uftawsly向liedtorelievetheUniversity'$povertyanddemandnewenterprise.E4lucalionpushingtowardhugh-erstandardintheEastbythrowingoffchurchlewfershipeverywhere.arydintheWestbyfindingawiderrangeofsmdimandanew?nscofpublicduty.TheoLd?§tykclassicaleducationreceivedismostcrushingbiowin(hecitadelofHarvardUniversity,whereDr.CharlesElliot,ayoungcaptainofthirty-fivesanofaformertreasurerofHarvardledtheprogressiveforces.Fivercvoluti<vnar>,adv^e^weirmadeduringthefiveyearsofDr.Iilliotadministration.Theyweretheclbatigandamplificationofentrancerequiremems,theenlargementofthe?；urrk：ulumandthedevelopmentoftheclecdKsys.tem.therecognitionofgraduatestudyin(heliberalarts,theraisingofj>rofcssionaltraininginlaw,medicine.andeftginccrinj：toapostgraduateIcveLandthefosteringofgreaicrmaturityinludcrnlife.Standardsofadmissionweresharplyadvancedin18：2-1S73刖d1876-1877.BytheappointmentofadeaniotakechargeofsKwdentaf-?andawisehamllinigofdiscipline,theundergraduateswereled<oregardthemselvesmoreasy&unggentlemenandkxsasyounganimals.Onenewcourseofstudyafteranotherwasopenedup—science.music,thehistoryofthefineam.advancedSpanishwpoliticaleeonomy,physics,classicalphilology,andintcmationallaw.ThepassagemainlydealswithinnovationsintheUnitedStates,shighereducationintheLate1800sHarvardUniversitygTaduatesJsuccessthedevelopmentofHarvardUniversitytheaggressive“YoungYale"movementWhichofthefollowingisoneofthecausesoftheeducationalinnovations?[A]Effortsmadebychurchleadexs.RalliesheldbygraduatesofHarvard.University.Dejnandforamoxeadvancedmodeofteachingamongthegraduatesoftheoldcolleges.Thelimitationoftherangeofstudies.Accordingtothepassage^whatcanbeinferredaboutHarvard.Universitybefoxetheinnovations?Coursesweremorepractical.Educatorslaidgreatstressontheinatuxityinstudentlife.Adniission.standardswerehigher.Students-wereyounger.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutold-styleclassicaleducation?MoststudentsmajoredinLaw.[B]Thecourseswezetoodifficult.Thecurriculumwasnotreasenable.StudentscouldgetMaster3sdegreeintheliberalarts.Whichofthefollowingis,nottrue?[A]SeveralLeadexsineducationmadegreateffoxtstopromotetheeducationalinnovations.[B]Churchleadersinfluencededucationalotbeforethepxogressivechanged.

Chelate1800s.Thesenseofpublicdutywasneglectedinthelate1800s.Text2,nrwcnlycars?there刖increasingawarenessofth?inadequaciesofthejudicidsystemintheUnitedSlaccs-Cos〔$arestaggeringbothfor(hetaxpayersandihclitigantand.thelitigants,orparties,havetowaitsome：timesmanyyearsbeforehavingtheirdayincourt.Manysuggestionshauebeenmadecoricemingmethodsofamdbratingihcsituationbut,asinmostbranchesofgovernmenttchangecomeslowly.Onesuggestionthathas.beenmadein"detI。maximizetheefficiencyofthesystemsistoallowdistricts:thaihaveinoverabundanceofpendingcawstoborrowjudgesfromocherdhuricuthatdonothavesuchabacklog.Amothersuggestionistousepretrialconferencestinwhichebejudgemeetsinhischamberswithihelitigantsandtheiraitomcysinordertonarrowtheissues,limitthewitnewes.andprovideforamoreorderlytrial.Thetheorybehindpretrialconferencesisihaljudgeswillspendlesstimeoneachandpartieswillmorereadilysettlebeforetrialwhentheyrealize1headequacyoftheirclaimsandtheiropponents'evidence.Unfortunately.前kasionestudyhad$hownthatpretrialconfcren?s就gllyusemorejudicialcimcthantheysave,rarelyresultinpretrialxc?tlcmcn(s.andactuallyrcsullinhigherdamagesettlements.Manyslateshavenowesiablishedanotherrnethtxi.small-claamscourts..inwhichcasesoversmallsums.ofmoneycanbedisposedofwithconsiderabledispatch.SuchproceM熊sco?thelitigantsalmostnoting.InCalifornia.forexample,thepanicsmuMappearbeforedxjudgewithouttheass.isianceofcounselTheproceedingsarequiteinformalandthereisnopleadingthelitigant?)needtomakeonlyaonc-5cntcn?siawnxntofth^irclaim.Bygoing(othistypeofcouns.theplaintiffwaivesanyrighttojurytrialandtherijhttoappealthedecision.Incomingyean;,wecanexpectto娥moreandmoreinnovationsin(hecontinuingefforttoremedyasituationwhichmustberemediedifthecitizenswhoFuvdvalidclaimsaregoingtobeabletohavetheirdayincourt.?1-uuu?uuuu?6ABCD7ABCD85[[[[5[[[[5?1-uuu?uuuu?6ABCD7ABCD85[[[[5[[[[5judgesattorn&yspexsonsconcerned,inaLawsuitgoverninentofficialsTheword,“backlog"inParagraph2meansburdenagroupofpendingcasesthatwerenotdealtwithatthepropertinelitigantsituation.Thesuggestionsoxmethodsofimprovingthejudicialsystem,intheUnitedStatesmentionedinthepassageincludeallthefollowingexcepttoallowdistxictsthathavean?；蔱iabmdanceofpendingcasestoborrowjudgesfrontotherdistrictstoestablishsmall-claimscourtstorequestplaintiffstowaivethe:righttojurytrialandtherighttoappealthedecision.tousepretzialconferencesWhichofthefolio-wingistrue?Lawsuitcostsareusuallyquitehighbothforthetaxpayersandthelitigants.Tousepretrialconferencesprovestobequitefeasibleinmaximizingtheefficiencyofthejudicialsystem.inUS.Atpresent,mostlitigantsprefersmall-claimscourtsinUSbecausecasescanbesettledwithconsidexabledispatch.Itispossibletohaveone，scaseheardbyajuryifthelitigantisnotsatisfiedwith.thesmall-claimscouri:'sdecision.ThepurposeofwritingthisarticleistoshowtheinadequaciesofthejudicialsystemintheUnitedStatestocomparedifferentsuggestions[c]tofind,theadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthejudicialsystemintheUnitedStates[D]"todiscussthemethodsofamelioxatingthejudicialsystemintheUnited.StatesText3in1959theaverageAmericanfamilypaidSWforayear*ssupplyoffood.In1972thefamilypaid3It3ll.ThatW3apriceincreaseofnearlyonethird.Everyfamilyhashadthissonofexperience.Everyonea-thatthecwtoffeedingafamilyhasrisensharply.Beilthereislessagreementwhenreasonsfortherisearcbeingdiscussed,i$reallyresponsible^Manyblame(hefarmerswhoproducethevegetableswfruit6meal,eggs，andchcwcthat-ar?storedforsale.AccordingtotheU.S.Dep；artnnentofAgriculture,thefarmer'sshareofthe$1,311^pentbythefamilyin1972wasS521.ThiswasSixgFMpercentmorethanthefarmerhadreceivedin19S9.Butfarmerclaimthatthisin-creasewasverysma]】comparediotheincreaseintheircostofliving.Fannerslendtoblameothersforthesharpriseinfoodprices.Theyparticularlyblamedioscwhoprocessthefarmproductsafterthepnoduclsleavethefann.Thewincludetruckdrivers,mcacpackers,manufaciurersofpackagesandotherfoodconiaincrh,andtheownersof儀際，wherefoodisTheyareamongcbe*middlemen'*uho，iandbetweenihcfannerand(hepeoplewhobuyandcatthefood.Arcmiddlemenihcones(oblameforrisingfo<xlpnccs?OftbcS1431Ifamilyfoodbillin1972.middlcnwnnxe沁cdSD,whichwasthirty-threepercentmorethan(heyhadreceivedin1959.Itappearsthatthemiddlemen*npcofilhasincreasedmoreihanthefarmer,s.Bucsomeconocnistsclaimthatthemiddlemen**actualprofitverylow.According(oeconomistaltheFirstNationalCityBank.theprofitformeatpackersandfoodMoresamountedlolessthanoracpercent.Duringthesamepcncxlallothermanufacturersweremakingapfofilofmorethanfivepercent.Bycomparisonwithothermembccofihcctorno-icsystem°bothaMmiddlemenhaveprofiledsurprisinglylittlefrom(heriseinfoodprices.Whothenisactuallyrespons.iblctorihcsizeofthebillahousewifemustpaybeforejthecarrierthefewdfromthestore?ThecconomisisatFirstNaiionalCityBankhaveananswer2gi”hovs？wives.butmanypeoplewillno!likeit.Theseeconomistsblamethehouwwifuhenelfforihejumpinfoodprices.Theysaytluifoodcostsmorenowbecausewomendon'twanttospendrtiuchtimeinthekitchen.Womenpreferto-buyfoodwhichhasalreadybeenpreparedbeforei\re^hc^ihcmarks,V/hatisthemaintopicofthispassage?Foodsupply.Profitearnedbyfarinersjmiddlemen」andhouse-wives.Reasonsfoxthefoodpriceincrease.EconomistsJattitudes.Accordingtothepassage,thefolio-winggxoupsofpeoplearementioned.tohavebeen.'blainedfoxrisingfood,pricesexcept.farmersmiddlen&n.housewiveseconomistsAccordingtotheeconomists,whoisactuallyresponsibleforthejumpinfoodprices?Farmers.Housewives.Middleinen.Theoumersofstores.Foxthemiddlemen,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?Theyxefertotruckdrivexs,m.eatpaclcers^manufacturexsofpackagesandotherfood,containejs,and.theov/nersofstoxeswherefoodissold.Theirprofitislowerthansupposed.Theystandbetweenthefarinersandthepeoplewhobuyandeatthefood.Theymakethesameprofitasthefarmers.FarmersshouldnotbeblamedfortherisebecausetheyproducethevegetablesandotherthingstheygetonlyasjnallshareintheprofittheyworkveryhaxdtheircostofLivinghasalsorisenPartBIntheJohwinRanickS即。paragraphshavebeenremoved.ForQu^hansA6-70.ellMSethemoxtxuliableparagraphfromihf加fA=/tofitintoeachofthenwnbrrrdgaps.Thereis"虱rparagraphwhichnotjitinamofthegaps.Mankyouronvvvswi4jVSWEiRSHEET1.Millionsofman-hdOi*^arelosttoindustrythroughemployeessufferingbackacheorstraincausedbyopcrufinfpoorlydesignedmachinesan<J、chictes5movingawkwardandheavytoads.Productionisalsoinienup(edbyinjuiyfromethercauses.such心vibrationandcxccw.ivenoM.Buthelpiscomingfromaperhapsunexpectedquarterforcompaniesprepared(oplantheirworkshopsandman-□fuciuringlinentotakeaccountofthesehazards.,Thenecessaryinfonnacionisemergingfromarcc-cntllyformedteamofMinistryofDefenw:scientistsat(heArmyPersonnelResearchEstablishmeniatFarnborough.Theyarcmeawiringfactorswhichlimitasoldier'sabilitytocopewithadvanced(eehnicaleqaipmenia/vdmwtype*ofvehicles.ortocarryoutroutinejobsunderdifficultworkingcontiiiions.Theproblemsofthefactoryandoffkemanagermayalfirst&igh〔seemdistantfromthoseof(heAnny.,67,AlaskforceofI2()phyMologhts.biologists,computerscientists.(echnologis；uandsoldiersis.thereforelookingforihepointatwhichhunianfactorssetthelimit(otheuseoftechnology.hbs(bestagea(whichn?omatterhowad'iVKcd(heengineering,itisthemanwhocam5cdthecomplicalcdc-qiuipwcnt(ofail.Dr.JohnNelms.directorofthee<?tabli<O)ment.ays："InanerawhenthereisainuMtnothingtheengineercannolbuild,manisthelimitingfactor.Theresearchprogrammarks9nrwstageintheevolutionofthearmyinlookingalhawbcsl(qmakethesoldierand(cchnologycompatible.Ifwedorwxgettherelationshipright,thenextbat-tkficldcouldbeashamble，.”Tgiftdetthevastrangeofoccupationalhazardsfacedbydiearmedforces,theresc昕hgroupismeasuringthelimitsimpostbyphysicalsin:八arisingfromhealandcold,noiseandvibration.psychologicalprcssunc.and(heoperationalstressofputtinghightechnology蜉uumintobattlegroundconditions.ThearmyalsohasanGbligMionduringpeacetimeaikitrainingexercisestoensurethatitsmenareexposedtogreaterrisksto,zay,hearingthanthos<?encounteredinawell-runindustry.Trialstodiscoverhowstrexscutstheefficiencyofamanwithaguidedmissileoranewtankelectroniccontrolandfiringsystem,perhapsbyreducinghis“hitrate'*from1()0percenttoody50,mayappearto&n$p?iRrequirement.Rutitisalsorelevant(ctheinenxivGUoninindustryandcommerceofnewtechnologiesuithkcytx)ardcootrolsandvisualdisplay,6S.DifferentpaitcmKofnoisearemeasuredatFarnboroughbecausedamagetobearingisproducedin\^iousways.加加18noisefromgunfireprcxlticcshighpreJisuresontheearofashortdurationwmakingtheeffectsoncMC4Tdifficulttomeasure.Bnrinsiancc.arifleshtxproduceramaximumpnesMireofItOdecibels.,lastingless(hanahundredthofasecond.attheearof(hemarksman.atypicaltriduslriaJno血mightrc^chanaveragelevelof0()decibelsovermastoftheMakingday.Someideaofthosenoiselevelsisgivenby“忖apmonhcar>aixxit2()feetfromaroadway—frommotor-cyclesitis89decibels,cars87dccibck,iighlcommercialvehicles88andheavylories92.Theeffectoo(hebodyoflifting.loadingandcarryingobjectsisp6rhap^theworkthathasthewidestcommonapplicationtoindustryand(heArmy.But(hemethodsusedtodaybytheresearchteamandthe(rialssection—agroupofregularsoldierssecondedfortwoyearsforthis,work—lomeasurephysiologicallimiution?;imposedbyphysicalstre?amisirajnarefarfromumiuL*Phcmeasurementsinvolvemonitcwinigmusclefatiguebyanalyzingthebioelectricsignalsproducedduringmove-andexaminauonoftheenergybeingexpendedandthernuEcstrength.69.Particular【asksscrutinizedatFarnboroughincludesuchthingsasthephysiobogicalstraininloading120mmammunitionwithantheturretworkplaceintendedforanewlankdesign.TheimportanceofthistypeofstudywasUnder-linedbyananalysisofCheprototypeofanadvancednewarmorttivehicle,whichthespwialisteinhumanengineeringSowedcouldonlybeoperaifdbyabout5percentofthemenintheAnny.70.Ilwillprovidefurthervaluablemaiehalforthescientificdisciplineknownasergonomics-fittingthejobtothewcKkcrx-towhichseveraluniversityandpolytechnicresearchgroupshavealsomadeimportantcontributions.A.?Althoughtheseoccupationalha?ard5arcwellrecognizedeliminatingthemisanothermatter,andtheyarcnotproblem?mayslowdownbodyfunctions??canleadtothedrivers*diMortedperceptionofreality??mayinHu?nccthedrivers'visionnegatively??ispsychologicallyaddictive(othosechronicuses??mayslowdownbodyfunctions??canleadtothedrivers*diMortedperceptionofreality??mayinHu?nccthedrivers'visionnegatively??ispsychologicallyaddictive(othosechronicuses??cancausetheimpairmentofdriving?Cail'CausedifGcultyfocusing??canmakedriversdissociatefromtheenvironment??camm4kcdriverseasilyirriut?d9?canaffecthowdriversthink,fcxlandact??maystimulatedriverscofleeintheircan?B.Newadvanceintechnologyrequineispecialistresearchintothebestwayiooperate!?|>histicatedequipiweftt.CIndeed.themiliiaryresearchemergedbecausethegeneralsforesawthatthedcvclopmcniofawiderangeofnewequipment,includingman-operatedguidedmissilesandsuitsforprotectionagainstnudear,chemicalandbiologicaldangers,hadimportantimplicationsforthecfli-ciencyofthesoldierontheb>a?kGeld.I).Thepsychologicalfearofthebattlefieldmaybemissing.butmeasurementsofthedegreeiowhichanoperator,sskillisimpairedbyconstantnoiseandotherstressfiilinterruptionsareofconcerntoallbusinessmen.Anindicationofthestressonthecardiovascularsystemismadebyrecordingvariationinheartratesduring,work.Atinytaperecorderattachedtotheindividual*sclolhinglogsthesignals.Muchofthisinformiitioniisbeingcompiledasmanualsthatwillgavailablelaindustryaswellassuppliersofdefenseequipment(OtheMinistry“Defeitid.PartCAruu^r 71-80byfurringM血swn^ni3on3diffwrd inthefoll&irin/fartick.More；4/wumteach(fu^slionchoosing4tB,orCandmarkitonAJVSWKRSHEET1.Somechoicesmayberequiredmnrethanonce.A=HallucinogensB=CocaineC=AlcoholWhichdrvg一， The(cmi"hallucinogen"describesanydrugih^iradicallychangesaperson?gmenialslatebydistortingtheA" 沁力?fMalityIOihegii)twbur已，athighck>疑S.hAlluculiaCiOnsoccur.Norrnalscnsiliviiyisusuallyrestoredafterabstainingforseveralconsecutivedays.Chronicusers,mayakobecomepsychalc?gi(;ailydependentc?ntidllucinogcnsaPsychologicaldependenceexistswhenadnigissocentral(oaperson'sthoughtsemotions,andac-tivitkj;thattheneedtocontinueiuusemats10acravingorcompulsion.AccordingtotheNationalSurveyonDrugAbuse.fourmillionAmericansusedhallucinogen'sin1082.Presum-ablymweofthemdrive.PaulHshbeinofPh.wn.iXiHouseinNewYorkCity,one-ofthenadon*slargestresidentialdrug-trcatmcnifHcalities,describesthedrivcT-impairingimpactofphencyclidine(PCPor"angelduxC).adcpne&s-aniwithhallucinogeniceffects："Afterthefirstfewhits(drags)ofaPCP-lacedjoim,**heexplains,“youhavetol<x)katthefloor(osecwhereyourfeelarc.Afewmorehitsandyoudissociatefromtheenvironment.WhenapersondnvesundertheinfluenceofPCP.I與Dorotherhallucinogens,hemaystopinthemiddleofafreewaytolookathi?map.Everythingelsegoingonhimisnotpartofhis.experience-wwhyshouldhecareaboutothercare?”Thechiingcsin*ap?rwn'sperception,mood,andthinkingduringcocaineintoxicationarcparticularlyrclc-vaniiodrivingxkills.Thenvosldramaticeffects.ofcocainewithrespecttodrivingarecnvisio-n.Cocainemaycauseahighersensitivitytolight.haJosarocindobjects.anddiflGcukyfocusing.Usershavealso-reportedblurredvision,glareproblems,andhalluGinations,particularly"snowlights*-weak(lashesormovenKntooflightintheperipheralfieldofvtsion4whichtendtomakedriversswervelowardorawayfromthelights.Someuwrshavealsoreportedauditoryhallcuci"nationn(e.g.ringbe!h)andoldfactoryhallucinations(e.g.ofsmokeergasoline).Manyuserssaychatcocaineactuallyimprovestheirdrivingability,whichisnetsurprisingbecauseihrdnjginduceseuphoriaandfeelingsofinerrajiedmentalandpbyricalabilities.5uchsdf?rcpon§mustbeacceptedwithcaution.hou-ever.sincetheseeffect:ofrocaiwareshort-livedandareoftenfollowedbyfatigueandlatitude.Cocainecanal'50heightenirritability?cxcitabiility.andstartleresponse..UsershavereportedthatsuddensoumJs,such第hornsorsirens,havecalledthemsevereanxidycoupledwithrapidsteeringorbrakingreaction