跨文化交際導(dǎo)論(含答案)

對外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)遠(yuǎn)程教育學(xué)院2010-2011學(xué)年第二學(xué)期跨文化交際導(dǎo)論（英）復(fù)習(xí)大綱課程名稱：ENG338a【跨文化交際導(dǎo)論佻）］考核方式：開卷筆試［占總分的70%］復(fù)習(xí)范圍：以指定教材（第1-9章）為主，課件內(nèi)容為輔。試題形式：客觀試題50題，每題2分，題型共三種形式：DefinitionMatching.Matchthetermswiththeirdefinitions.（給術(shù)語配對定義，10題，1題2分，共20分）True-False.CircleAifthestatementistrue;circleBifitisfalse.（判斷各旬是否正確，20題，1題2分，共40分）MultipleChoice.Circlethelettercorrespondingtothecorrectresponse.（在所給的4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢福?0題，1題2分，共40分）復(fù)習(xí)方法：認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)指定教材，結(jié)合課件的教學(xué)內(nèi)容，全面復(fù)習(xí)，從總體上掌握這門跨學(xué)科課程的特點(diǎn)；理解各講中的主要教學(xué)內(nèi)容，即每講開始前的LearningObjectives,不要死記硬背，重理解、勤思考、細(xì)觀察，從跨文化交際的角度對文化差異進(jìn)行分析、記憶、總結(jié)；要力圖將跨文化交際理論與交往實(shí)踐相結(jié)合，將西方文化交際的理論與實(shí)踐與中國的本土文化相結(jié)合，通過大量真實(shí)生動(dòng)的交際的成敗案例的學(xué)習(xí)，提高分析問題和解決問題的能力；參考指定教材各章后的練習(xí)以及書后附的兩套模擬自測題， 術(shù)語定義配對題、是非題和多項(xiàng)選擇題可幫助復(fù)習(xí)檢驗(yàn)對所學(xué)內(nèi)容熟悉的掌握程度，熟悉客觀題型，問答題和案例有助于進(jìn)一步理解?？缥幕浑H導(dǎo)論課程期末考試模擬題(紅色答案來自答疑系統(tǒng)，供參考)I.Matchthefollowingtermswiththeirdefinition.(20%)thestudyofthewaythatpeopleusephysicalspacetoconveymessages.Cthewayinwhichtimeisusedinaculture.Atheactualpracticeofconceptsorbeliefs.Bthetotalactivityoflearningone'sculture.Dsocialprinciples,goals,orstandardsacceptedbypersonsinaculture.ETemporallanguage/chronemicsBehaviorcommunicationSpatiallanguage/proxemicsEnculturationValuesbetweennationsandgovernmentsratherthanindividualsAperceptionsaboutcertaingroupsofpeopleornationalitiesCalearnedorganizationofrulesformakingchoicesandforsolvingconflictsDvolume,pitch,andratethataffectsmessagemeaningtheideathateveryactofcommunicationmusthappeninsomesortofsurroundingsinternationalcontextvaluestereotypesparalanguagen.TrueorFalseMarkAifthestatementistrue;markBifitisfalse.Whenengaginginsmalltalkwithapersonofanotherculture,rememberthatdiscussingone'sfamilyandpoliticaldiscussionsareinappropriatetopicsinallcultures.BTransferenceofpragmaticrulesreferstothetransferenceofcorrespondingwordsandsentencestructurefrommothertonguetotargetlanguage.ASinceallculturessharethesamebasicvalues,culturesattachthesamemeaningstothesebasicvalues.BPrimaryvaluesarethemostimportant.ASomecountriesofficiallyrecognizereligiousritualsthataffectbusinessencounters.APeopleintheUnitedStatesplaceagreateremphasisonhistoryanddonotlikechangeascomparedwithpeopleofAsianandLatincultures.BThebehaviorofJohnlyinginbedandreadinganovelisatwo-waycontact.BLinearModelisoneoftheearliestandstillthemostusefulattemptstodescribethecommunicationprocessAInternationalcommunicationtakesplacebetweensuchgroupsasAfricanAmericansandLatinAmericans.BInterculturalcommunicationasadisciplinewasnotestablishedinU.S.untilthe1980s.BWithouttheculturalrulespeoplealsocanbehaveproperly.BCultureisnotsomethingwearebornwith,butratheritislearned.Kissesandhugsarenotappropriategreetingbehaviorbetweenmalesofanyculture.BInGermany,businessgiftsareusuallyexchangedatthebeginningofformalnegotiations.BNewandimprovedtechnology,growthintheworld’psopulation,andshiftsintheglobaleconomicarenahaveincreasedglobalization.ANocountryiscompletelyself-sufficient.AAllculturesrequireandvaluepoliteness,butthewaysinwhichthepolitenessisachievedmayvarysignificantly.AInternationalEnglishisusedonlybybusinesspeoplewhopracticeEnglishasasecondlanguage.BInternationalcommunicationtakesplacebetweensuchgroupsasAfricanAmericansandLatinAmericans.BTheprocessoflearningcultureisalwaysconscious.BEthnocentrismleadstoaobjectiveevaluationofhowanothercultureconductsitsdailybusiness.AThehierarchyisatheoryhasnotbeenprovenapplicabletoallthecountries.ACulturesmaydiffer,butcommunicationpracticesdonotdiffer.BCultureisongoingandsubjecttochange.ATheterm “-ccuoltures ”suggeststheinequalitybetweengroups.BChineseisanexampleoflinearlanguage.ACommunicationbarriersarecausedbythesamecommunicationhavingdifferentmeaningsindifferentcultures.ANewandimprovedtechnology,growthintheworld’psopulation,andshiftsintheglobaleconomicarenahaveincreasedglobalization.APowerdistanceintheUnitedStatesiscomparativelyhigh.BPragmaticfailureistheinabilitytounderstandwhatismeantbywhatissaid.motivatepeople.Aarethesamethingasvalues.A,withthespreadoftechnologyeveryonewillhavethesamevalues.Bordertounderstandaculture'svalues,youneedonlytolearnthe"do'sandtaboos"ofbehaviorinthatculture.Aclassisunimportantinnegotiatorselection.BRelationshipbuildingisimportantinArabandLatinAmerica.AAchievementincountrieswithhighmasculinityscoresisexpressedthroughmaterialpossessions.BAcculturationisthesocializationprocessofhowpeoplelearntheirownculturethroughwhatissaidanddone.BConsumersinhighuncertaintyavoidanceculturestendtoperceivelittleornoriskinthepurchaseofnewproducts.Interculturalcommunicationcompetencerequiressufficientawareness,knowledge,motivations,andskills.AValuesareenduringattitudesaboutthepreferabilityofonebeliefoveranother.Culturesaresodifferentthatwewillneverbeabletocommunicatesuccessfully.BTransferenceofpragmaticrulesreferstothetransferenceofcorrespondingwordsandsentencestructurefrommothertonguetotargetlanguage.ATodayinterculturalcommunicationencountersaredifferentfromencountersofthepast.AAlllanguagescan,intheirownway,distinguishbetweenpresentandpastevents,buttheymaynotfeelthatthisdistinctionisimportantenoughtocreateasystemofverbtense.AKissesandhugsarenotappropriategreetingbehaviorbetweenmalesofanyculture.BValuesarelearned;theyarenotinnate.ALong-term-orientedculturesarecharacterizedbypatience,perseverance,andrespectforone’seldersandancestors.ANonverbalaspectsareveryimportantinlow-contextcultures.AWhenengaginginsmalltalkwithapersonofanotherculture,rememberthatdiscussingone'sfamilyandpoliticaldiscussionsareinappropriatetopicsinallcultures.BChineseisanexampleofalinearlanguage.ALanguageservesastheonlyguidetohowacultureperceivesreality.BAlllanguagescan,intheirownway,distinguishbetweenpresentandpastevents,buttheymaynotfeelthatthisdistinctionisimportantenoughtocreateasystemofverbtense.AGlobalizationistheabilityofacorporationtotakeaproductandmarketitanywhereintheworld.AInorderforinterculturalnegotiationtobesuccessful,thepartiesmustprovideforawin-losesituation.BInsomecountries,usinggiftstoassuresuccessinsealinganagreementisanacceptedwayofdoingbusiness.AAstheybecomeglobalized,companieswillhavetotraintheirworkforcestodealwithmulticulturality.APeoplefromcountrieswithstronguncertaintyavoidancearemorelikelytoremainclosefriendsinspiteofdifferingopinions.AEvenifthelanguageiscommontobothcultures,oneculturemayrestrictthemeaningofcertainwords.AIntheirbusinessletters,theFrenchdonotusuallyapologizeformistakes.BAchievementincountrieswithhighmasculinityscoresisexpressedthroughmaterialpossessions.BAcculturationisthesocializationprocessofhowpeoplelearntheirownculturethroughwhatissaidanddone.BIntheJapanesesociety,knowingtherankofpeoplewithwhomyouconductbusinessisveryimportant.Am.MultipleChoicesMarkthelettercorrespondingtothecorrectresponse.WhatcountryranksthelowestonindividualismCA.Australia B.CanadaC.Guatemala D.UnitedStatesofwhichattitudefeelthatself-interestisanappropriategoalA. Uncertainty-reduction B.AttributionC.Individualism D.CollectivismLanguageisimportantbecauseitAhelpsusshapeconcepts,controlshowwethink,andcontrolshowweperceiveothers.allowsustobeunderstoodbyforeigners.isdeterminedbycolonialism.isstable,easilyunderstood,andfreeofdiversity.Whichofthefollowingcountriesuseshigh-contextlanguageCA.Canada B.GermanyC.Japan D.UnitedStatesWhichoneofthefollowingstatementsisnotamongthefunctionsofcultureofferedbyDresslerandCarnsCulturemakesitpossibletoanticipatehowothersinoursocietyarelikelytorespondtoouractions.Cultureenablesustocommunicatewithothersthroughalanguagethatwehavelearnedandthatweshareincommon.Cultureleadstobetterunderstandinginbusiness.Cultureprovidestheknowledgeandskillnecessaryformeetingsustenanceneeds.CulturecanbeclassifiedinallthefollowingwaysexceptBArtifact,conceptsandbehaviorPositivecultureandnegativecultureAlevelofvaluesandalevelofresultantbehaviourorartifactsofsomeformAninvisiblelevelandavisiblelevel"Thepartwasfounddefective,anditwasdeterminedthatthereisadefectinthebuttoncausingitnottofitintothechassis."ThisstatementisanexampleofaDlinearexplanation.verboseexplanation.nonlinearexplanation.whyexplanation.WhichofthefollowingwouldbeanexampleofatranslationproblemDUsingtheintentionofthespeakerratherthantheactualwordsinthetranslation.Qualifyingslangterms.Nottranslatingconversationtaboos.Usingawordforwhichnoexactwordorconceptisavailableinthesecondlanguage.ofthefollowinggreetingwayissomewhatuniquetoChineseBGivingregardstoothers.Commentingonsomething.Usingaddressformsasgreeting.Usingnonverbalformsasgreeting.stylesofparagraphdevelopmentfororientalcountriescouldbedescribedasaverticalstraightline.zigzaggedlines.acircular,spirallineadigressive,back-and-forthzigzag.WhichstatementreferringtothoughtpatternsisincorrectCAsianstypicallyusetheinductivemethodofreasoning.Thoughtpatternsimpactoralcommunication.Whenusingthedeductivemethodofreasoning,onestartswiththefactsandgoestogeneralizations.Recognizingdifferentthoughtpatternsisimportantinnegotiationwithdifferentcultures.WhichstatementisincorrectBCostlybusinessblundersareoftentheresultofalackofknowledgeofanotherculture'snonverbalcommunicationpatterns.Processesofreasoningandproblemsolvingarethesameinallcultures.Attitudestowardtimeanduseofspaceconveynonverbalmessagesininterculturalencounters.Wheninanotherculture,anappropriatecautionwouldbetowatchthebehaviorofthepersonsyouaretalkingwithandmatchtheirstyle.ofwhichtypeofsocietybelievetheirtruthistheonlytruthIndividualisticStrong-uncertaintyavoidanceC.CollectivisticD.Weak-uncertaintyavoidancewearewillingtodieforandwhatwedeemworthyofprotectionisdeterminedbyour___A.beliefsystemB.valuesystemC.attitudeprocessesD.socialorganizationsSlangisgenerallyDunderstoodbyeveryone.spokenbythemasses.easilytranslated.usedbysubgroups.NonverbalcommunicationdoesnotincludeA.chromatics.B.chronemics.C.haptics.D.semantics.Asaresultofglobalization,newissuesfacingcorporationsincludeculturaldifferencesinworkethicsstereotypingbymembersofinternationalteamspersonnelwhoareoverqualifiedforoverseaspositionsa&bTheclassicTheSilentLanguagepublishedin1959,waswrittenbyKluckhohnBenedictMeadEdwardHallWhichofthefollowinghasoccurredduetoadvancesintechnologyPeoplearebeginningtospendmoretimewithfamilymembers.Thenumberofrelationshipswehavewithpeoplehavedecreased.Peoplehavemorefrequentcontactwithpeoplefromothercultures.Peoplearegainingaclearersenseofwhotheyreallyare.Itisimportanttostudyinterculturalcommunicationbecauseitisanecessaryandworthwhilepursuit.mostpeoplearemorealikethantheyrealize.culturaldifferencesbringpeopleerculturalcommunicationissubjective. arethemostimportant. APrimaryvaluesSecondaryvaluesTertiaryvaluesNoneoftheaboveInculturesthattendtowardindividualism,whataspectsareencouragedDA.competitionB.personalgoalsC.individualrightsD.alloftheaboveWelearncultureDfromfolktales,legendsandmythsinconsciousorunconsciouswaysthroughartandmassmediaalloftheaboveWhichstatementleastrepresentsU.S.valuesC.Americansvaluedirectnessoverindirectness..Americansvaluetimemanagementoverleisure..Americansvaluehistoryoverplanningforthefuture.Americansvalueequalityoverinequality.WhichstatementhighlightsweakuncertaintyavoidanceOnegroup'struthshouldnotbeimposedonothers.Scientificopponentscannotbepersonalfriends.Citizenprotestshouldberepressed.NegativeattitudesareexpressedtowardyoungpeopleWhichtimeorientationisheldbyculturesthatvaluelivingandrealizingthepotentialoftodayCpastorientationtotimeimmutableorientationtotimepresentorientationtotimemutableorientationtotimeWhichofthefollowingvalueorientationsemergedfromtheChineseresearchteamlong-termversusshort-termorientationmasculinity/femininityorientationpreferredformofactivityorientationuncertaintyavoidanceorientationThenotionsofmasculinityandfemininityareuniversalforeverycultureacrosstime.arenotjustbasedonbiologicaldifferences.havenotchangedthroughtheages.havewell-establishedandunderstoodmeanings.Fromwhatareasoftheworlddomostoftoday'simmigrantstotheUnitedStatescomeAsiaandLatinAmericaMexicoandEasternEuropeHaitiandChinaEasternEuropeandthe MiddleEastTheChinaAssociationforInterculturalCommunicationisheld .onceayeareverytwoyearseverythreeyearseveryfouryearsWhoofthefollowingwouldfeelmostcomfortablewithsilenceduringaconversationAmanagerfrom .CtheUnitedStatesGermanyGreatBritainJapanWhichstatementrelatedtoworkattitudesisincorrectAU.S.attitudestowardworkaremorerelaxedthanthoseinEurope.IntheUnitedStates,hardworkisapplaudedandoftenrewarded.TheJapaneseattitudetowardworkisverygroup-oriented.IntheUnitedStates,theattitudetowardworkisingrainedfromanearlyage.WhichstatementreferringtothoughtpatternsisincorrectDThestructureofalanguageaffectstheperceptionsofrealityofitsspeakersThestructureofalanguageinfluencesthoughtpatternsandworldviewsofitsspeakersLanguagefunctionsasawayofshapingone ’sexperienceThereisageneralagreementconcerningthevalidityofSapir-WhorfhypothesisWhichstatementisincorrectDLanguageisareflectionoftheenvironmentLanguageisreflectionofculturalvaluesLanguageisareflectionofculture,andcultureisareflectionoflanguage.Agoodmasteringofaforeignlanguageequalsacompleteunderstandingofitsculture.WhichstatementreferringtothoughtpatternsisincorrectCa.Asianstypicallyusetheinductivemethodofreasoning.b.Thoughtpatternsimpactoralcommunication.b.c.Whenusingthedeductivemethodofreasoning,onestartswiththefactsandc.goestogeneralizations.d.Recognizingdifferentthoughtpatternsisimportantinnegotiationwithdifferentcultures.WhichstatementisincorrectBCostlybusinessblundersareoftentheresultofalackofknowledgeofanotherculture'snonverbalcommunicationpatterns.Processesofreasoningandproblemsolvingarethesameinallcultures.Attitudestowardtimeanduseofspaceconveynonverbalmessagesininterculturalencounters.Wheninanotherculture,anappropriatecautionwouldbetowatchthebehaviorofthepersonsyouaretalkingwithandmatchtheirstyle.LanguageisimportantbecauseitAhelpsusshapeconcepts,controlshowwethink,andcontrolshowweperceiveothers.allowsustobeunderstoodbyforeigners.isdeterminedbycolonialism.isstable,easilyunderstood,andfreeofdiversity.Whichofthefollowingcountriesuseshigh-contextlanguageDCanadaGermanyJapanUnitedStatesSlangisgenerallyHunderstoodbyeveryone.spokenbythemasses.easilytranslated.usedbysubgroups.Generalguidelinestofollowwhenconversingwithsomeonefromanothercultureincludeallofthefollowingexcept:cpoliticsisasafetopicinmostcultures.avoidtellingjokes.avoidpersonalquestions.keeptheconversationpositive.WhichstatementbestdescribesanincorrecthandshakecIntheU.S.,ahandshakeshouldbefirm.AnAsianhandshakeisusuallygentle.Germansrepeatabrusquehandshakeuponarrivalanddeparture.ABritishhandshakeisfirmandrepeatedfrequently.Languageisimportantbecauseitehelpsusshapeconcepts,controlshowwethink