新概念英語第二冊筆記-第91課

Lesson91Threemeninabasket三人同籃Text】ApilotnoticedaballoonwhichseemedtobemakingforaRoyalAirForceStationnearby.Heinformedthestationatonce,butnoonetherewasabletoexplainthemystery.Theofficerinthecontroltowerwasveryangrywhenheheardthenews,becauseballoonscanbeagreatdangertoaircraft.Hesaidthatsomeonemightbespyingonthestationandthepilotwasorderedtokeeptrackofthestrangeobject.Thepilotmanagedtocircletheballoonforsometime.Hecouldmakeoutthreemeninabasketunderitandoneofthemwasholdingapairofbinoculars.Whentheballoonwasoverthestation,thepilotsawoneofthementakingphotographs.Soonafterwards,theballoonbegantodescendanditlandednearanairfield.Thepolicewerecalledin,buttheycouldnotarrestanyone,forthebasketcontainedtwoMembersofParliamentandtheCommandingOfficerofthestation!AstheCommandingOfficerexplainedlater,onehalfofthestationdidnotknowwhattheotherhalfwasdoing!【課文翻譯】一個(gè)翱翔員發(fā)現(xiàn)了一只氣球，它像是正飛往周邊的一個(gè)皇家空軍基地。他馬上把情況報(bào)告了該基地，但那處的人沒有一個(gè)能講解這終究是怎么回事。控制塔上的官員得知這一信息后，特別生氣，由于氣球有可能給飛機(jī)造成極大的危險(xiǎn)。他說可能有人正對基地進(jìn)行偵探，因此命令那個(gè)翱翔員追蹤那個(gè)奇怪的翱翔物。翱翔員設(shè)法繞著氣球飛了一陣。他看清了氣球下面有3個(gè)人呆在一只筐里，其中一個(gè)舉著望遠(yuǎn)鏡。當(dāng)氣球飛臨基地上空時(shí)，翱翔員看見有一個(gè)人在拍照。不久，氣球開始降落，在一個(gè)停機(jī)坪周邊著了陸。警察被召來了，但他們卻不能夠拘捕任何人，由于筐里是兩名國會議員和一名基地的指揮官！正如指揮官此后講解的那樣，基地的這半邊不知道那半邊正在干什么！Newwordsandexpressions生詞和短語balloonn.氣球royaladj.皇家spyv.偵探trackn.軌跡，蹤跡binocularsn.望遠(yuǎn)鏡crewn.全體工作人員精選【生詞講解】1.balloon1）n.氣球、輕氣球hoistaballoon＝raiseaballoon升起氣球anobservationballoon觀察氣球2）n.（玩具的）氣球blowupballoon吹氣球；eg：Theballoonburst.氣球爆炸了。2.royal1）adj.皇家的、皇室的theRoyalNavy英國皇家海軍2）adj.王的、王室的、女王的aroyalplace王宮；aroyalfamily王室；royalpower王權(quán)）（口語）極好的、極佳的aroyalwelcome浩蕩的歡迎；aroyalfeast盛宴havearoyaltime盡歡,玩得極為快樂3.spy1）v.偵探spyonsth＝spyuponsth＝spyintosth偵探某事物eg：Thepolicehavebeenspyingonthegang’smovements.警方正在監(jiān)察那團(tuán)伙的動靜.spydoingsth發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在做某事eg：Ispiedsomeonecominguptheslope.我發(fā)現(xiàn)有人正在走上斜坡。2）n.間諜、密探、情報(bào)員eg：Hewasarrestedasanindustrialsay.他由于是工業(yè)間諜被捕了。4.track1）n.（人、動物、車等的）軌跡，蹤跡tiretracks輪胎印跡精選eg：Thehunterfollowedthebearstracks’.獵人跟著熊的蹤跡。2）n.（人、動物等踏成的）小徑、小路eg：Atrackrunsthroughthegrove.一條小路穿過了小樹林。3）n.路線、航線thetrackofthestorm暴風(fēng)雨的線路4）n.常例、老例keeptothebeatentrack順序漸進(jìn)gooffthebeatentrack打破老例5）鐵軌、軌道asingletrack單軌；adoubletrack雙軌runoffthetrack出軌＝j(luò)umpthetrack5.binocularsn.望遠(yuǎn)鏡field-glass望遠(yuǎn)鏡binocularadj.雙眼的、雙眼用的【課文講解】1.ApilotnoticedaballoonwhichseemedtobemakingforaRoyalAirForceStationnearby.noticen.通知，通知eg:Thebariscloseduntilfurthernotice.酒吧現(xiàn)已休業(yè)，開業(yè)時(shí)間另行通知。辭職報(bào)告eg:Hehandedinhisnoticelastweek.他上星期遞了辭呈。v.注意到，留神eg:Inoticedthatheleftearly.我注意到他走得早。eg:Inoticedthathehasdyedhishair.我注意到他染了頭發(fā)。精選4)看見，發(fā)現(xiàn)eg:Sorry,Ididn'tnoticeyou.對不起，我沒看見你。nottakeanynoticeofsb./sth.不搭理某人/某事物Don'ttakeanynoticeofwhathesays.別搭理他的話。※makefor1）向.放向前進(jìn)、進(jìn)行eg：Theaudiencemadefortheexitswhenthealarmsounded.警報(bào)響起，觀眾涌進(jìn)出口。2）有助于、促進(jìn)eg：Culturalexchangemakesforbetterunderstanding.文化交流有助于更好的理解。makeout1）免強(qiáng)辨別出、免強(qiáng)認(rèn)出eg：ShehasgrownupandIcan’tmakeheroutanymore.她已經(jīng)長大了，我都認(rèn)不出她了。eg：Ican’tmakeouthiswriting.我無法辨別出他的字跡。2）理解eg：Icouldnotmakeoutwhathesaid.我搞不懂他說什么3）重寫eg：Pleasemakeoutafreshcopy.請重填一張。makeup1）捏造eg：Hemadeupastoryabouttwomenandshorse.他捏造了一個(gè)有關(guān)于兩個(gè)男人和馬的故事。2）化妝eg：Shespendshoursmakingupinfrontofthemirror.她一連幾個(gè)小時(shí)坐在鏡子前化妝。＊makeupfor填充eg：ImustmakeupforthetimeIlostthismorning.精選我們必定填充今天清早失去的時(shí)間。※seemtobedoing憂如正在進(jìn)行某事seemedtobemakingfor為不定式的進(jìn)行式，表示正在進(jìn)行的動作：eg:Theyseemtobetalkingaboutsomethingimportant.他們憂如正在議論某件重要的事情。eg:Sheseemstobelookingforsomebody/something.她憂如正在找人/什么東西。※nearby周邊的，在周邊eg:Doyoulivenearby/near,don'tyou?你住在周邊是嗎？adj.但是只表示空間的話，就只能用nearby，而near表示的是時(shí)間thenearfuture不久的將來anearbyvillage周邊的鄉(xiāng)村Heinformedthestationatonce,butnoonetherewasabletoexplainthemystery.beableto1)can(could)表示能力、可能,只用于現(xiàn)在式和過去式can表能力時(shí)意味著憑體力或腦力或技術(shù)等能夠做。Heisonlyfour,buthecanread.2）由于can不能夠和其他助動詞連用，因此表示將來式時(shí)用willbeableto3）beableto能夠用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。只用beableto的情況：a.位于助動詞后。b.神情動詞后。c.表示過去某時(shí)刻動作時(shí)。d.用于句首表示條件。e.表示成功地做了某事時(shí),只能用was/wereableto,不能夠用could。eg:Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryonewasabletogetout．4）Can表示贊同（和may意思周邊）常有于口語。eg:Can(May)Icomein?我能進(jìn)來嗎？eg:CanIsmokehere?我能夠在這里抽煙嗎？5）表可能性eg:Canthenewsbetrue?Itcan’tbetrue.eg:Whatcanhepossiblymean?mystery1)n.可數(shù)奇特的事物。奇特。謎精選themysteriesoflife生命的奇特eg:It'samysterytomewhytheydidn'tchoosehim.他們?yōu)槭裁床贿x擇他對我來說是個(gè)謎?？勺龆ㄕZamysteryguest一個(gè)奇特的客人eg:He'sabitofamystery.他這人有點(diǎn)來歷不明。故做奇特eg:You'refullofmysterytonight.What'sgoingon?你今天夜晚很奇特。怎么回事？adj.mysterious奇特的adv.mysteriously奇特地，奇怪地eg:Mysteriously,therewasnoanwerwhenIrang.真怪，我按了鈴但沒人應(yīng)。3.Theofficerinthecontroltowerwasveryangrywhenheheardthenews,becauseballoonscanbeagreatdangertoaircraft.Hesaidthatsomeonemightbespyingonthestationandthepilotwasorderedtokeeptrackofthestrangeobject.※mightbedoingsth．表示對正在進(jìn)行的動作的推測（cf．第19課語法）：eg:WhatcanTombedoinginthatroom?湯姆會在那個(gè)房間里干什么呢？Hemightbereading/watchingTV.他或許在看書／看電視?！鵮eeptrackof追蹤keeptrackof為固定短語，表示“追蹤”、“保持聯(lián)系”、“記錄”等（其反義詞為losetrackof）：eg:Keeptrackofthemanwearingagreyhat.Helookssuspicioustome.追蹤那個(gè)戴頂灰帽子的人。我感覺他看上去可疑。eg:Shemanagedtokeeptrackofherfriends.她想法保持了與朋友們的聯(lián)系?！鵲bject1）n.物體、東西精選eg：What’sthatstrangeobjectinthebox？那是什么奇怪的東西在箱子里嗎？eg：Icouldseeashiningobjectinthesky.我能夠看到一個(gè)物體在天空中閃耀。2）n.對象、目標(biāo)anobjectofinterest感興趣的內(nèi)容；anobjectofpity同情的目標(biāo)/對象3）n.目的、目標(biāo)（aim,purpose）eg：Hisobjectinlifeistoberich.他的人生目標(biāo)就是富饒。eg：What’stheobjectofyourvisit？你來訪的目的是什么？4.Thepilotmanagedtocircletheballoonforsometime.※managetodosth想法做成某事circle1）v.繞行、環(huán)繞eg：Theairplanecircledtheairport.飛機(jī)在機(jī)場上空盤旋eg：Abigbirdwascirclingaroundintheair.一只大鳥在空中盤旋。2）n.圓（圈）drawacircle畫一個(gè)圓圈circularadj.圓形的acirculartable圓桌acircularticket環(huán)程票；acirculartour環(huán)程旅行5.Hecouldmakeoutthreemeninabasketunderitandoneofthemwasholdingapairofbinoculars.※makeout認(rèn)出、辨別出＝recognize※apairofbinoculars一副雙筒望遠(yuǎn)鏡在漢語里有好多簡單的物品，在英語里則需要成雙成對的表達(dá)：eg:apairofglasses(scissors,spectacles,trousers,pants,pliers)(一副眼鏡，一把剪刀，一副眼鏡，一條褲子，一條褲子，一把剪鉗)等。精選英語的...of...結(jié)構(gòu)既能夠修飾可數(shù)名詞，也能夠修飾不能數(shù)名詞，如：apieceofpaper,apieceofinformation,anarticleofclothes(一張紙，一條信息，一件衣物)。漢語里的表示胸襟衡的量詞在英語里能夠找到相應(yīng)的表達(dá)結(jié)構(gòu)，即...of...。比方：acupofwater,apacketofcigarettes,abasketofvegetables(一杯水，一盒香煙，一籃子蔬菜)。最有意思的就是英語關(guān)于各種動物集體的稱呼了，各不一樣樣。如：anarmyofelephants(一群大象);apack/throngofwolves(一群狼);abatchofdogs(一群狗);abroodofchicks(一群小雞);ahiveofbees(一群蜜蜂);ahostofmonkeys(一群猴子);aschooloffish(一群魚);aswarmoflocusts(一群蝗蟲);ateam/fieldofhorses(一群馬);agangofelks(一群駝鹿)等等。漢語中的形象量詞在英語里也能找到對應(yīng)，如：aheadofgarlic(一頭蒜);adropofwater(一滴水);afloodofmoonlight(一片月光);awispofsmoke(一縷煙);apaneofglass(一塊玻璃);alayerofrock(一層巖石);acloudofsmoke(一團(tuán)煙霧);abeamoflight(一束光輝);abladeofgrass(一片草葉);ablockofwood(一塊木頭);acubeofsugar(一塊方糖);arollofnewspaper(一卷報(bào)紙);aconeoficecream(一個(gè)蛋卷冰淇淋);abarofchocolate(一塊巧克力);astackofhay(一堆乾草);aloafofbread(一個(gè)面包);agrainofrice(一粒米);acakeofsoap(一塊肥皂)6.Whentheballoonwasoverthestation,thepilotsawoneofthementakingphotographs.※seesbdoing看見某人正做某事；seesbdo看見某人做完某事seesbdoing看到某人正在做某事eg:Isawhimplayingbasketballontheplayground.seesbdo重申換作的全過程(要注意這里的do是省略to的不定式)eg:Isawhimgointothatroom.若是變?yōu)楸粍觮o不省略eg:Hewasseentogointothatroom.seesbdone表賓語和動詞之間是被動的關(guān)系。eg:Isawhimtiedtoatreeyesterday.我昨天看見他被綁在一棵樹上了。若是全過程用do,過程中的一剎時(shí)用doing精選別的還有近似的詞有:smell,feel,hear,watch,notice等此類詞還有:see,watch,lookat,observe,hear,listento,feel,smell,feel,noticehearsbdoing聽見某人正做某事；hearsbdo聽見某人做完了某事observesbdoing觀察某人正做某事observesbdo觀察某人做完了某事※takephotographs拍照7.Soonafterwards,theballoonbegantodescendanditlandednearanairfield.※descend降落、下來ascend[??send]vi.漸漸上升，高升vt.登攀，登上comedown(口)下來＝godowndescend+adv.降落,降臨eg：Theelevatordescendedslowly.電梯慢慢降下來。eg：Thepathdescentssharply.小路驀地的急劇降落。descend+n.eg:Idescendedthestaircase.我走下樓梯。descendfrom傳下來eg：Thissworddescendsfromourancestors.這把劍是從祖先傳下來的。descendfromfathertoson父子相傳bedescendedfrom是..的后輩、后輩descentn.世襲、血統(tǒng)；descendant后輩；ancestor祖先8.Thepolicewerecalledin,buttheycouldnotarrestanyone.※callin招集callin在這里表示召來......eg:Samissick.We'dbettercallinadoctor.Sam生病了。我們最好請醫(yī)生來。精選邀請召來eg:Howmanyfriendsdidyoucallin?你邀請了多少朋友？到某人的家、辦公處等拜會，接見eg:MayIcallinthisevening?我能夠在今天夜晚來接見嗎？※arrestsb拘捕某人Youareunderarrest.你被捕了。eg:Youareunderarrestforsoandsoreason.Youhavetherighttoremainsilent.Anythingwhatyousaycanandwillbeusedinthecourtoflawagainstyou.你由于某種原因被拘捕,你有權(quán)保持默然。你所說的所有都會成為呈堂證供9.forthebasketcontainedtwoMembersofParliamentandtheCommandingOfficerofthestation!※MembersofParliament國會議員※CommandingOfficer指揮官10.AstheCommandingOfficerexplainedlater,onehalfofthestationdidnotknowwhattheotherhalfwasdoing!※onetheother一個(gè)、另一個(gè)(兩者)onehalftheotherhalf這一半邊、另一半邊【要點(diǎn)詞組摘錄】1.seemtobedoingsth5.makeout2.beagreatdangerto6.seesbdoingsth3.keeptrackof7.takephotographs4.managetodosth8.becalledin【Keystructures】can,beable,manageto的用法can能夠；beable有能力做某事；manageto想法成功做成某事精選1.用can,beable來填空：1）canyoushowmethewaytothestationplease？＝couldyoushowmethewaytothestationplease？2）Igavehimafewlessonsandhecouldsoonswim.Igavehimafewlessonsandhewassoonabletoswim.3）Theywereabletojumpintotheseabeforetheboatsank.船吞沒前他們能夠跳進(jìn)大海。4）Youcannotleavethisroomuntilyougetpermission.直到你獲得贊同，否則你不能夠走開這個(gè)房間【SpecialDifficulties】動詞make的一些短語Exercise：填空：a.Ilostmylecturenoteandhadtomakeoutanewset.b.Ican’maketoutc.Whenitgotdarkwed.Mydaughteroften

whatyou’vewritten.madeforhome.makeupstoriesofherown.e.Howcanyoumakeupforallthoselessonsyoumissed？Exercise：1.ApilotnoticedaballooncforaroyalForceStation.a.makeb.tomakec.makingd.inmaking2.Hewasangrywhenheheardthenews.Hewasangrycthenews.a.withhearingb.inhearingc.onhearingd.forhearing.3.Hecouldmakeoutthreemen.That’manyshowhecouldb.a.find找到b.see看見、辨別出c.follow隨從d.watch看守、觀看4.Onturningthecorner,wesawtheroaddsteeply.a.departing走開，出發(fā)b.depressing令人沮喪的c.decreasing遞減的,減少的d.descending降落的;下行的;梯降的精選諺語1.Youcan’tteachanolddogtricks.老狗學(xué)不了新把戲；老年人很難適應(yīng)新事物(諺)(無法)改變老人的想法、做法等.語法點(diǎn)精講：反意疑問句反意疑問句的形式反意疑問句一般有以下兩種形式：必然陳述句+否定反意疑問句。Thispencilisred,isn'tit?否定陳述句+必然反意疑問句。Thispencilisn'tred,isit?反意疑問句的用法1）當(dāng)陳述部分是there存在句時(shí)，反意疑問部分的主語用there。eg:Therearen'talotofflowersinthegardeninwinter,arethere?eg:Thereexisteddifferentoppinionsonthisissue,didn'tthere?2）當(dāng)陳述部分是以不定代詞one作主語時(shí)，反意疑問句的主語在正式場合用one,在非正式場合用you。比方：Onecannotsucceedatthis,canone?Onecannotsucceedatthis,canyou?3）當(dāng)陳述部分是I'm...結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，反意疑問部分一般用aren'tI。比方：Iamastudent,aren'tI?4）當(dāng)陳述部分是一個(gè)帶有that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，反意疑問部分一般依照主句的主語和謂語動詞而定.比方：精選Youtoldme(that)Ihadpassedtheexam,didn'tyou?Hesaysthateverybodyinourclasswillattendthemeeting,dosen'the?但是，當(dāng)陳述部分的主句是Ithink,Isuppose,Ibelieve等結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，反意疑問部分則經(jīng)常由that從句中的主語和謂語動詞決定，并且要注意否定的轉(zhuǎn)移。比方：Ibelieve(that)itisgoingtorain,isn'tit?Idon'tthink(that)bewillcome,willhe?5）當(dāng)陳述部分的謂語動詞是have時(shí)，反意疑問部分要依照have的意義及形式而定。a.當(dāng)have表示“所有”含義時(shí)，反意疑部廳以用have形式，也能夠用do形式。比方：Hehasabookinhishand,hasn'the?Hehasabookinhishand,doesn'the?b.當(dāng)陳述部分的動詞是have的否定形式時(shí)，反意疑問部分是用have形式還是用do形式，取決于陳述部分的動詞形式。比方：Youhaven'tacar,haveyou?Youdon'thaveanymoneywithyou,doyou?c.當(dāng)have不表示“所有”含義而表示其他含義時(shí)，反意疑問句則必定用do的形式。比方：Wehadagoodtimeinthevacation,didn'twe?Hehashisbreakfastatseveneveryday,doesn'the?Youhavetogetupearlytomorrow,don'tyou?6）當(dāng)陳述部分帶有never,nothing,nowthere,seldom,hardly,rarely,few,little等否定詞或半否定詞時(shí)，反意疑問部分的動詞用必然形式。比方：Thesummitmeetingnevertookplace,didit?Youcanhardlybelievewhathesaid,canyou?Thereislittleinkinthebottle,isthere?Fewpeopleknowthisplace,dothey?當(dāng)陳述部分的謂語動詞是帶有un-，in-，dis-等否定前綴的動詞，則依舊把陳述部分看作必然句，那么反意疑問部分用否定形式。比方：精選Heisimpolitetotheteacher,isn'the?7）當(dāng)陳述部分帶有神情動詞oughtto時(shí)，反意疑問部分在英式英語中用oughtto形式，在美式英語中用should形式。比方：Yououghttoseethenewpicture,shouldn'tyou?Teache