化學(xué)用語(yǔ)中英文對(duì)照

化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室常用物品英文名稱(chēng)1、常用儀器試管testtube試管架testrack試管夾testtubeholder玻璃棒glassrod滴管medicinedropper小滴管dropper燒杯beaker不銹車(chē)網(wǎng)杯stainless-steelbeaker酒精燈alcoholburner酒精噴燈blastalcoholburner本生燈Bunsenburner量杯measuringcup量筒measuringcylindermeasuring/graduatedflask漏斗funnel分液漏斗separatoryfunnel布氏漏斗Busherfunnel赫氏漏斗Hirschfunnel長(zhǎng)頸漏斗long-stemfunnel無(wú)頸漏斗stemlessfunnel濾紙ifilterpaper華特門(mén)濾紙Whatman(filter)paper廣口瓶wide-mouthbottle燒瓶flask平底燒瓶florenceflask碘量瓶iodineflask錐形瓶Erlenmeyerflaskconicalflask容量瓶volumetricflaskmeasuringflask移液管(one-mark)pipette移液管架pipetterack洗耳球rubbersuctionbulb亥1］度移液管graduatedpipettes吸液管pipette滴定管burette滴定管夾buretteclamp滴定架buretteholder滴定臺(tái)supportholder酸氏滴定管Geiserburette(stopcock)堿氏滴定管Mohrburetteforusewithpinchcock石蕊試紙ilitmuspaper石蕊litmuspH值指示劑PHindicatorpH計(jì)pHmeter廣?乏ph試紙universalphindicatorpaper三口燒瓶3-neckroundbottomflask蒸儲(chǔ)裝置distillingapparatus蒸儲(chǔ)燒瓶distillingflask滴液漏斗droppingadapter力口裝溫度計(jì)的瓶塞reducingadapter減壓蒸儲(chǔ)頭vacuum-distillingadapter克氏蒸儲(chǔ)頭Claisendistillingadapter球型冷凝管Allihncondenser直型冷凝管Westcondenser空氣冷凝管aircondenserLiebigcondenser立它型冷凝管Grahamscondenser蒸儲(chǔ)頭three-wayadapter分儲(chǔ)柱fractionatingcolumn接液管105degreebentadapteradapter曲頸甑retort土甘竭crucible(pot)meltingpot培竭鉗crucibleclampcrucibletong天平balance,scale分析天平analyticalbalance電子天平electronicbalance臺(tái)秤platformbalance游碼crossbeamsandslidingweights稱(chēng)量瓶weighingbottle稱(chēng)量名氏weighingpaper研缽mortar研杵pestle瑪瑙研缽agatemortar2、其他常用器皿及儀器洗瓶plasticwashbottle試齊ij瓶reagentbottles塞子stopper橡膠塞rubberstopper玻璃塞Pennyheadstopper玻璃活塞stopcpck藥匙labspoon銀子forceps升降臺(tái)labjack鐵架臺(tái)ironsupport圓形漏斗架cast-ironring萬(wàn)能夾extensionclamp蝴蝶夾double-buretclamp螺旋夾screwclamp石棉網(wǎng)asbestos-freewiregauze三角架tripod攪拌裝置stirringdevice攪拌棒stirringrod表面皿watchglass蒸發(fā)皿evaporatingdish瓷蒸發(fā)皿porcelain旋轉(zhuǎn)蒸發(fā)器rotaryevaporatortrap冷凝器condenser玻璃活塞stopcock止水夾flatjawpinchcock彈簧節(jié)流夾pinchclamp橡膠管rubbertubing恒溫循環(huán)儀Thermostaticcirculator真空泵vacuumpump真空閥vacuumtraps多頭抽真空裝置vacuummanifold抽濾瓶filterflasksuctionflask離心機(jī)centrifuge離心管centrifugetube電爐heater馬弗爐furnace烘箱oven微波爐電熱套heatingmantle電動(dòng)攪拌器powerbasicstirrer磁力攪拌器magneticstirrer轉(zhuǎn)子rotor水浴bath沸石boilingstone剪刀scissor烤缽cupel石蠟封口膜parafilm卵形瓶matrass比重瓶specificgravitybottle提勒熔點(diǎn)管Thielemeltingpointtube水銀溫度計(jì)(mercury-filled)thermometer溫度計(jì)thermometer倒置顯微鏡Invertedmicroscope擦鏡名氏wiperforlens玻璃片glassplate蓋玻片coverglass載玻片slide閃點(diǎn)儀flashpointtester折光儀refractometer紫外燈ultraviolet川umination狹才ftslot秒表stopwatch空氣過(guò)濾器airfilter(laminarflowcabinet)藥柜cupboard衣?掛鉤coathanger口罩respirator防毒面具respirator、gasmask消毒器Sterilizer消直劑disinfector空調(diào)機(jī)airconditioner搖床shaker螺絲釘screw螺絲刀screwdriver螺栓，插銷(xiāo)bolt鎖緊螺母nut,capnut齒槽，插口socket扳手shiftingspanner錘子hammer車(chē)丁子nail插頭plug電極electrode

電泳槽geltank微細(xì)胞；小電泳槽minicell復(fù)印機(jī)duplicatorcopyingmachine復(fù)印名氏copypaper復(fù)寫(xiě)名氏carbonpaper3、有關(guān)化學(xué)反應(yīng)的詞匯關(guān)節(jié)joint計(jì)時(shí)器timer鬧鐘alarmclock訂書(shū)機(jī)staplerU形釘staple可逆的reversible不可逆的可逆的reversible不可逆的irreversible分儲(chǔ)fractionation吸熱反應(yīng)endothermicreaction放熱反應(yīng)exothermicreaction熱力學(xué)thermodynamics動(dòng)力學(xué)kinetics沉淀precipitate,precipitation沉淀,沉降sediment,sedimentation蒸儲(chǔ)distill,distillation煨燒calcine氧化oxidize,oxygenate堿化alkalinization中和neutralize,neutralization滴定titration氫化hydrogenate水合,水化hydrate脫水dehydrate發(fā)酵fermentation溶解solution燃燒combustion熔解fusion,melting堿性alkalinity同分異物現(xiàn)象isomerism水解hydrolysis電解electrolysis電解質(zhì)溶液electrolyte電極electrode陽(yáng)極,正極anode陰極，負(fù)極cathode催化catalyse,catalyze催化劑catalyst催化作用catalysis氧化oxidization,oxidation還原齊ijreducer分解dissolution,decomposition合成synthesis儀器設(shè)備apparatus產(chǎn)物product.有機(jī)化合物的官能團(tuán)和重要的基團(tuán)官能團(tuán)functionalgroup雙鍵doublebond三鍵triplebond煌基hydroxygroup琉基mercapto硫輕基sulfhydrylgroup談基carbonylgroup氨基aminogroup亞氨基iminogroup不肖基nitrogroup亞不肖基nitrosogroup鼠基cyanogroup竣基carboxylgroup磺基sulphogroup烷基alkylgroup苯基phenylgroup卡基benzylgroup芳基arylgroup烯基allylgroup烷氧基alkoxylgroup?；鵤cylgroup活性亞甲基activemethylenegroup.有機(jī)化合物的類(lèi)型hydrocarbon石蠟paraffin月旨肪aliphatichydrocarbon燒烽alkane烯爛alkene烘燒alkyne共扼二烯燒conjugateddiene月旨環(huán)alicyclichydrocarbon螺環(huán)化合物spirocompound橋環(huán)化合物bridgedringcompound芳煌aromatichydrocarbon非苯芳nonbenzenoidaromatichydrocarbon稠環(huán)芳condensedaromatics鹵代燒halohydrocarbon醇alcohol酚phenol84ether環(huán)氧化合物epoxide冠84crownether硫醇thiol硫酚thiophenol硫84sulfide二硫化物disulfide亞磺酸sulfinicacid磺酸sulfonicacid亞碉sulfoxide碉sulfone醛aldehyde酮ketone半縮醛hemiacetal半縮酮hemiketal縮醛acetal縮酮ketal西佛堿shift'sbase歷oxime除hydrozone縮氨月尿semicarbazonea,--不飽和酮a,B--unsaturatedketone釀quinone竣酸carboxylicacid酰鹵acidhalide酸酊acidanhydride酯ester酰胺amide內(nèi)酯lactone內(nèi)酰胺lactam月青nitrile取代酸substitutedacid羥基酸hydroxyacid醇酸alcoholicacid酚酸phenolicacid酮酸ketoacidB-酮酸酯B-ketoneester乙酰乙酸乙醋ethylacetoacetate亞不肖基化合物nitrosocompound硝基化合物njtrocompound亞胺imine胺amine伯胺primaryamine仲胺secondaryamine叔胺tertiaryamine季錢(qián)鹽quaternaryammoniumsalt季錢(qián)堿quaternaryammoniumhydroxide重氮鹽diazoniumsalt偶氮化合物azocompound月瓜guanidine氨基酸aminoacid磷phosphine磷酸酯phosphate亞磷酸酯phosphite瞬酸酯phosphonate瞬酸phosphonicacid.雜環(huán)化合物口比咯pyrrol味喃furane嚷吩thiophone叫I咪indole口卜吩porphine咪唾imidazole嚷唾thioazole口比噬pyridine唾咻quinoline異唾咻isoquinoline口比喃金翁鹽pyryliumsalts黃酮flavone喀呢pirimidine喋吟purine.有機(jī)天然產(chǎn)物肽peptide多肽polypeptide核酸nucleicacid核昔nucleoside核甘酸nucleotide生物堿alkaloid碳水化合物carbohydrate單糖monosaccharide醛糖aldoses酮糖ketosesD-核糖riboseD-2-脫氧核糖deoxyribose葡萄糖glucose果糖fructose糖月殺osazone糖昔glucoside低聚糖oligosaccharide麥芽糖maltose蔗糖sucrose纖維二糖cellobiose環(huán)糊精cyclodextrin多糖polysaccharide淀粉starch纖維素cellulose類(lèi)脂lipid菇類(lèi)化合物terpenoid留族化合物steroid脂肪fat油oil脂肪酸fattyacid甘油三竣酸酯triglyceride磷月旨phospholipid磷月旨酸phosphalidicacid蠟wax.有機(jī)化合物的結(jié)構(gòu)理論價(jià)鍵理論valence-bondtheory分子軌道理論molecularorbitaltheory共振論resonancetheory凱庫(kù)勒式Kekuleformula路易斯式Lewisformulao?鍵o-bond冗鍵冗bond

鍵能bondenergy鍵角bondangle鍵長(zhǎng)bondlength成鍵軌道bondingorbital反鍵軌道antibondingorbital最高已占軌道HOMOhighestoccupiedmolecularorbital最低末占軌道LUMOlowestunoccupiedmolecularorbital誘導(dǎo)效應(yīng)inductiveeffect共腕效應(yīng)conjugatedeffect冗,冗-共腕冗,冗-conjugationp,冗-共腕p,九-conjugation超共腕作用hyperconjugation離域能delocalizationenergy共振能resonanceenergy給電子基團(tuán)electrondonatinggroup吸電子基團(tuán)electronwithdrawinggroup芳性aromaticity休克爾規(guī)律Huckel'srule兩性離子Zwitterion.有機(jī)化學(xué)中的同分異構(gòu)異構(gòu)體isomer構(gòu)造constitution構(gòu)型configuration構(gòu)象conformation構(gòu)造異構(gòu)constitutionalisomerism立體異構(gòu)stereoisomerism構(gòu)型異構(gòu)configurationalisomerism順?lè)串悩?gòu)cis-transisomerism次序規(guī)sequencerule同側(cè)ZugammenZ異側(cè)EntgegenE順式cis反式trans對(duì)映異構(gòu)enantiomerism=光學(xué)異構(gòu)旋光異構(gòu)opticalisomerism旋光性opticalactivity旋光度opticalrotation比旋光度specificrotation對(duì)稱(chēng)面planeofsymmetry對(duì)稱(chēng)中心centerofsymmetry對(duì)稱(chēng)軸axisofsymmetry手性chirality手性分子chiralmolecules對(duì)映異構(gòu)體，對(duì)映體enantiomer非對(duì)映體diastereomer外消旋體raceme左旋體leveisomer右旋體dextroisomer內(nèi)消旋體mesomer費(fèi)歇爾投影式Fischerprojection相對(duì)構(gòu)型relativeconfiguration絕對(duì)構(gòu)型absoluteconfigurationR-構(gòu)型R-configurationS-構(gòu)型S-configuration赤式erythro蘇式threo外消旋化racemization拆分resolution光學(xué)純度OpticalPurity對(duì)映體過(guò)量百分?jǐn)?shù)enantiomericexcess立體專(zhuān)一性反應(yīng)stereospecificreaction立體選擇性反應(yīng)stereoselectivereaction不對(duì)稱(chēng)合成asymmetricsynthesis構(gòu)象異構(gòu)conformationalisomerism構(gòu)象分析conformationalanalysis

鋸架式紐曼投影式鋸架式紐曼投影式椅式船式直立鍵椅式船式直立鍵a平伏鍵e互變異構(gòu)酮式烯醇式差向異構(gòu)化變旋現(xiàn)象哈武斯式boatform鍵axialbond鍵equatorialbondtautomerismketo-formenol-formepimerization

mutamerismHaworthform.有機(jī)反應(yīng)的名稱(chēng)取代反應(yīng)substitutionreaction力口成反應(yīng)additionreaction馬爾科夫尼可夫規(guī)律Markovnikovrule共腕力口成conjugateaddition消去反應(yīng)eleminationreaction查依采夫規(guī)律Saytzeffrule霍夫曼規(guī)律Hofmannrule硼氫化反應(yīng)hydroboration催化力口氫catalytichydrogenation聚合反應(yīng)polymerization單體monomer聚合物polymer硝化反應(yīng)nitration鹵化反應(yīng)halogenation磺化反應(yīng)sulfonation烷基化反應(yīng)alkylation?；磻?yīng)acylation酯化反應(yīng)esterification酯交換反應(yīng)transesterification脫竣反應(yīng)decarboxylation氯甲基化反應(yīng)chloromethylation傅列德?tīng)?克拉夫茨反應(yīng)Friedel-Craftsreaction格利J雅反應(yīng)Grignardreaction格利雅試劑（格氏試劑）Grignardreagent賴默-梯曼反應(yīng)Reimer-Tiemannreaction鹵仿反應(yīng)haloformreaction水解反應(yīng)hydrolysisreaction醇解反應(yīng)alcoholysisreaction氨解反應(yīng)ammonolysisireaction皂化saponification插烯作用vinylogy縮合condensation克萊森縮合Claisencondensation安息香縮合benzoincondensation羥醛縮合aldolcondensation列弗爾馬茨基反應(yīng)Reformatskyreaction邁克爾反應(yīng)Michaelreaction諾文格爾反應(yīng)Knoevenagelreaction加布里反應(yīng)Gabrielreaction乙酰乙酸乙酯合成法acetoaceticestersynthesis丙二酸酯合成法malonicestersynthesis威廉遜合成法W川iamSonsynthesis海森堡試驗(yàn)Hinsbergtest重氮化反應(yīng)diazotizationreaction偶聯(lián)反應(yīng)couplingreaction脫氨基反應(yīng)deaminationreaction維悌希反應(yīng)Wittigreaction氧化反應(yīng)oxidationreaction還原反應(yīng)reductionreaction

周環(huán)反應(yīng)pericyclicreaction環(huán)力口成反應(yīng)cycloadditionreaction電環(huán)化反應(yīng)electrocyclicreaction坎尼扎羅反應(yīng)Cannizzaroreaction齊齊巴賓反應(yīng)Chichibabinreaction狄爾斯-阿彳惠爾反應(yīng)Diels-alderreaction斐林試齊【JFehlingreagent沃克還原羅森蒙德還原克萊門(mén)森還原托倫試齊ijTollensreagent沃克還原羅森蒙德還原克萊門(mén)森還原Wolff-KishnerreductionRosenmundreductionClemmensonreduction考普重排Coperearrangement霍夫曼重排Hofmannrearrangement醺哪醇重排pinacolrearrangement弗里茨重排Friesrearrangement克萊森重刑FClaisenrearrangementdiene親二烯體dienophile分子軌道對(duì)稱(chēng)守恒原理conversationoforbitalsymmetry.有機(jī)反應(yīng)機(jī)理均裂homolytic異裂heterolytic活性中間體activeintermediate碳正離子carbocation碳負(fù)離子carbanion烯醇負(fù)離子enolateanion自由基，游離基freeradical卡賓，碳烯carbene氮烯nitrene速度決定步驟rate-determiningstep哈蒙特假定Hammondpostulate能線圖energyprofile過(guò)渡狀態(tài)transitionstate令口基參與neighboringgroupparticipation

動(dòng)力學(xué)控制kineticcontrol熱力學(xué)控制thermodynamiccontrol離去基團(tuán)leavinggroup底物substrate親電試劑electrofphile親核試齊【Jnucleophile親電力口成反應(yīng)electrophilicaddition親電取代反應(yīng)electrophilicsubstitution定位規(guī)律orientationrule親核取代反應(yīng)nucleophilicsubstitutionSN2反應(yīng)機(jī)理SN2reactionmechanismSN1反應(yīng)機(jī)理SN1reactionmechanism親核加成反應(yīng)親核加成-消去反應(yīng)消去反應(yīng)機(jī)理E1反應(yīng)機(jī)理E2親核加成反應(yīng)親核加成-消去反應(yīng)消去反應(yīng)機(jī)理E1反應(yīng)機(jī)理E2反應(yīng)機(jī)理nucleophilicadditionnucleophilicaddition-eliminationreactioneliminationreactionmechanismE1reactionmechanismE2reactionmechanism反式消去antielimination重排反應(yīng)機(jī)理rearrangementreactionmechanism自由基反應(yīng)freeradicalreaction鏈弓I發(fā)chaininitation鏈增長(zhǎng)chainpropagation鏈終止chaintermination.有機(jī)化合物的光譜紅外光譜IRInfraredspectra傅立葉變換FourierTransform指紋區(qū)fingerprintregion吸收頻率absorptionfrequency紫外光譜UVUltravioletspectra電子躍遷elctronictransition吸光度absorbance

摩爾消光系數(shù)molarextinctioncoefficient發(fā)色團(tuán)chromophore助色團(tuán)auxochrome核磁共振NMRNuclearMagneticResonance1HNMR譜1HNMRspectra13CNMRI13CNMRspectra屏蔽效應(yīng)shieldingeffect化學(xué)位移chemicalshift自旋偶合spin-spincoupling自旋裂分spin-spinsplitting偶合常數(shù)couplingconstant質(zhì)子去偶protonspindecoupling質(zhì)子偏共振去偶protonoff-resonancedecoupling質(zhì)譜MassSpectra(MS)電子流轟擊electionimpact(EI)快原子轟擊fastatombombarment(FAB)分子離子峰molecularionpeak同位素峰isotopicpeak基峰basepeak質(zhì)荷比(m/z)mass-to-chargeratio.分子間作用力色散力范德華力氫鍵hydrogenbond色散力范德華力dispersionforceVanDerWaalsforce偶極-偶極作用力dipole-dipoleinterractionforce.物理性質(zhì)熔點(diǎn)meltingpoint沸點(diǎn)boilingpoint密度溶解度偶極矩density

solubilitydipolemoment.有機(jī)化合物的酸堿性酸性acidity堿性basicity<HTML>本站材料僅為本院教師與學(xué)生教學(xué)所用，請(qǐng)勿它用!</HTML>化學(xué)用語(yǔ)中英文對(duì)照organicchemistry有機(jī)化學(xué)inorganicchemistry無(wú)機(jī)化學(xué)derivative衍生物series系歹Uacid酸hydrochloricacid鹽酸sulphuricacid硫酸nitricacid不肖酸aquafortis王水fattyacid脂肪酸organicacid有機(jī)酸hydrosulphuricacid氫硫酸hydrogensulfide氫化硫alkali堿，強(qiáng)堿ammonia氨base堿hydrate水合物hydroxide氫氧化物，羥化物hydracid氫酸hydrocarbon碳?xì)浠衔?，羥anhydride酊alkaloid生物堿aldehyde醛oxide氧化物phosphate磷酸鹽acetate醋酸鹽methane甲烷，沼氣butane丁烷salt鹽potassiumcarbonate碳酸車(chē)甲soda蘇打sodiumcarbonate碳酸鈉causticpotash苛，性車(chē)甲causticsoda苛性鈉ester酯gel凝膠體analysis分解fractionation分儲(chǔ)endothermicreaction吸熱反應(yīng)exothermicreaction放熱反應(yīng)precipitation沉淀toprecipitate沉淀todistil,todistill蒸儲(chǔ)distillation蒸儲(chǔ)tocalcine燃燒tooxidize氧化alkalinization堿化tooxygenate,tooxidize脫氧,氧化toneutralize中和tohydrogenate氫化tohydrate水合,水化todehydrate脫水fermentation發(fā)酵solution溶解combustion燃燒fusion,melting熔解alkalinity堿性isomerism,isomery同分異物現(xiàn)象hydrolysis水解electrolysis電解electrode電極anode陽(yáng)極,正極cathode陰極,負(fù)極catalyst催化劑catalysis催化作用oxidization,oxidation氧化reducer還原齊Udissolution分解synthesis合成reversible可逆的refining煉油refinery煉油廠cracking裂化separation分離fractionatingtower分儲(chǔ)塔fractionaldistillation分儲(chǔ)distillationcolumn分裂蒸儲(chǔ)塔polymerizing,polymerization聚合reforming重整purification凈化hydrocarbon燒，碳?xì)浠衔颿rudeoil,crude原油petrol汽油（美作:gasoline）LPG,liquefiedpetroleumgas液化石油氣LNG,liquefiednaturalgas液化天然氣octanenumber辛烷數(shù)，辛烷值vaseline凡士林paraffin石蠟kerosene,karaffinoil煤油gasoil柴油lubricatingoil潤(rùn)滑油asphalt瀝青benzene苯fuel燃料naturalgas天然olefin烯燒high-gradepetrol,high-octanepetrol高級(jí)汽油，高辛烷值汽油plastic塑料chemicalfiber化學(xué)纖維syntheticrubber合成橡膠solvent溶劑product化學(xué)反應(yīng)產(chǎn)物flask燒瓶apparatus設(shè)備PHindicatorPH值指示劑，氫離子（濃度的）負(fù)指數(shù)指示劑matrass卵形瓶litmus石蕊litmuspaper石蕊試紙graduate,graduatedflask量筒，量杯reagent試齊Utesttube試管burette滴定管retort曲頸甑still蒸儲(chǔ)釜cupel烤缽cruciblepot,meltingpot地喝pipette吸液管filter濾管stirringrod攪拌棒element元素body物體compound化合物atom原子gramatom克原子atomicweight原子量atomicnumber原子數(shù)atomicmass原子質(zhì)量molecule分子electrolyte電用星質(zhì)ion離子anion陰離子cation陽(yáng)離子electron電子isotope同位素isomer同分異物現(xiàn)象polymer聚合物symbol復(fù)合radical基structuralformula分子式valence,valency價(jià)monovalent單價(jià)bivalent二價(jià)halogen成鹽元素bond原子的聚合mixture混；合combination合成作用compound合成物alloy合金metal金屬metalloid非金屬有機(jī)化學(xué)常用基團(tuán)中英文對(duì)照CommoncontrolgroupofOrganicChemistryinChineseandEnglish甲基（縮寫(xiě)Me）methyl乙基（縮寫(xiě)Et）ethyl丙基（縮寫(xiě)Pr）propyl丁基（縮寫(xiě)B(tài)u）butyl戊基amyl,pentyl己基hexyl庚基heptyl戊基一一octyl壬基nonyl癸基decyl十一烷基一-hendecyl十二烷基一-dodecyl十六（烷）基/鯨蠟基cetyl十七（烷）基heptadecyl十八（烷）基octodecyl苯基（縮寫(xiě)Ph）phenyl苯甲基/葦基phenmethyl苯乙基phenylethyl十價(jià)苯基phenenyl乙氧苯基phenelyl,ethoxyphenyl鯨基naphthyl菲咤基phenanthridinyl乙烯基（縮寫(xiě)Vi）vinyl,ethenyl乙快基ethinyl己烯基hexenyl乙烯基一-heptenyl菲咻基quinolyl吩曝嗪基phenothiazinyl菲基quinonyl,benzoquinonyl甲酸基formyl乙酰基、醋酸基acetyl丙烯酰acryloyl,acrylyl氨基/胺基一-amidocyanogen，菲基carbonyl丙基carboxyl羥基/氫氧基hydroxyl甲烷基一--esteralkyl烷基alkyl環(huán)己基cyclohexyl-I基nitroBunsenburner本生燈product化學(xué)反應(yīng)產(chǎn)物flask燒瓶apparatus設(shè)備PHindicatorPH值指示劑，氫離子（濃度的）負(fù)指數(shù)指示劑matrass卵形瓶litmus石litmuspaper石蕊試紙igraduate,graduatedflask量筒，量杯reagent試齊1Jtesttube試管burette滴定管retort曲頸甑still蒸儲(chǔ)釜cupel烤缽cruciblepot,meltingpot卅竭pipette吸液管filter濾管stirringrod攪拌棒element元素body物體compound化合物atom原子gramatom克原子atomicweight原子量atomicnumber原子數(shù)atomicmass原子質(zhì)量molecule分子electrolyte電解質(zhì)ion離子anion陰離子cation陽(yáng)離子electron電子isotope同位素isomer同分異物現(xiàn)象polymer聚合物symbol復(fù)合radical基structuralformula分子式valence,valency價(jià)monovalent單價(jià)bivalent二價(jià)halogen成鹽元素bond原子的聚合mixture混合combination合成作用compound合成物alloy合金metal金屬metalloid非金屬Actinium(Ac)專(zhuān)阿Aluminium(Al)鋁Americium(Am)HAntimony(Sb)睇Argon(Ar)氮Arsenic(As)神Astatine(At)破Barium(Ba)鋼Berkelium(Bk)銘B(tài)eryllium(Be)鉞Bismuth(Bi)鈿Boron(B)硼B(yǎng)romine(Br)澳Cadmium(Cd)鎘Caesium(Cs)鈉Calcium(Ca)鈣Californium(Cf)專(zhuān)網(wǎng)Carbon(C)碳Cerium(Ce)鈾C(jī)hlorine(Cl)氯Chromium(Cr)銘Cobalt(Co)鉆Copper(Cu)銅Curium(Cm)銅Dysprosium(Dy)鋪Einsteinium(Es)銀Erbium(Er)餌Europium(Eu)鋪Fermium(Fm)鑲Fluorine(F)氟Francium(Fr)鉆Gadolinium(Gd)包Gallium(Ga)錢(qián)Germanium(Ge)錯(cuò)Gold(Au)金Hafnium(Hf)飴Helium(He)氨Holmium(Ho)欽Hydrogen(H)氫Indium(In)錮Iodine(I)碘Iridium(Ir)鉞Iron(Fe)鐵Krypton(Kr)氟Lanthanum(La)中第Lawrencium(Lr)鎊Lead(Pb)鉛Lithium(Li)鋰Lutetium(Lu)幅Magnesium(Mg)鎂Manganese(Mn)鎰Mendelevium(Md)制］Mercury(Hg)汞Molybdenum(Mo)電目Neodymium(Nd)鉉Neon(Ne)MNeptunium(Np)鍵Nickel(Ni)饃Niobium(Nb)鋁Nitrogen(N)氮Nobelium(No)偌Osmium(Os)鉞Oxygen(O)氧Palladium(Pd)車(chē)巴Phosphorus(P)磷Platinum(Pt)鉗Plutonium(Pu)缽Polonium(Po)針Potassium(K)鉀Praseodymium(Pr)錯(cuò)Promethium(Pm)銀Protactinium(Pa)鎂Radium(Ra)鐳Radon(Rn)氫Rhenium(Re)銖Rhodium(Rh)銬Rubidium(Rb)鋤Ruthenium(Ru)釘Samarium(Sm)杉Scandium(Sc)銃Selenium(Se)硒Silicon(Si)硅Silver(Ag)銀Sodium(Na)鈉Strontium(Sr)鋸Sulphur(S)銃Tantalum(Ta)鋁Technetium(Tc)得Tellurium(Te)確Terbium(Tb)鉞Thallium(Tl)鴕Thorium(Th)itTin(Sn)錫Thul