情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法歸納

.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法要點(diǎn)一．can和could．Idon’tthinkMikecan”“Yes,hecan.”IcanspeakfluentEnglishnow,butI’tlastyear.在肯定句中，表示客．Asahumanbeing,anyonecanmakea用來說明人或事物的．Imaystayathomethisweekend.（實(shí)際可能特征。要表達(dá)具體某性）Petermightcometojoin實(shí)際可能性3)事實(shí)際發(fā)生的可能性．時(shí)，不用can，需用may，might?？赡堋北硎倔@異、懷疑、不．Canthisbeanexcusefornotgivingthem相信等態(tài)度，主要用help?..感嘆句中。特別說明：（1）could用來表示請(qǐng)求時(shí)，語氣委婉，主要用于疑問句，不能用于肯定句，答語應(yīng)用can（即：could——CouldIuseyourdictionary?——Yes,youcan.(否定回答可用：No,’mafraidnot.)(2)can和beableto辨析can(could)和beableto都可以表示能力，意思上沒有區(qū)別。但can只有現(xiàn)在式和過去式，而beableto則有更多的形式。如：I’vealwayswantedtoabletospeakfluentEnglish.Thosebagslookreallyheavy,areyousureyoullbeabletocarrythemonyourown?could，而用was/wereableto來表示。這時(shí)，was/wereableto相當(dāng)于managedtodo或succeedin。如：Aftertheaccidentitwasalongtimebeforeshewasabletowalkagain.Thefirewasverybig,butmostpeoplewereabletoescapefromthebuilding.(3)慣用形式“cannot…Youcannotbetoocareful.你越小心越好。慣用形式“cannotbut+不定式（不帶..Icannotbutadmireher我不得不欽佩你的決心。二．may和might情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法表示允許、許可。否定回答一般用．MayIcomeinandwait?mustnot/mustn’．——MayIsmokehere?hadbetternot最好別)或maynot為委婉?！狽o,youmustn’t(或No,youdbetternot.)表示可能性的推測(cè)，通常用在肯定．Itmayrainthisafternoon.．Shemaynotbeathome.“可能”之意；．Longmayhelive!愿他能持續(xù)住下去。．Mayyouhavemanymoredaysashappyasthisone.．Maysherestinpeace.愿她安息。．Thereisnothingtodo,soImay..“mayaswell或might(just)aswell+動(dòng)詞原形”意為“最好，滿可hadbetter或thereisnoreasontodoanythingelse.二．must和haveto1.表示“必須，應(yīng)該”之意，語氣比．Youmustcometoschoolonshould，oughtto強(qiáng)烈。其否定形式time.mustn’t表示“不準(zhǔn)，不應(yīng)該，禁止”．You’tdrivesofastinthe等意street.在回答帶有must的問句時(shí)，否定回答．—MustIcomebackbeforeten?needn’t或donthaveto—Yes，youmust.(No,youneednt)’’’t3.havetomust相近。．Thefilmisnotinteresting.I但must表示的是說話人的主觀看法，reallymustgonow...．Ihavetogonow,becausemymotherisinhospital.must只有一種形式，即現(xiàn)在式與過去1IhadtoworkhardwhenIwasyour式都是一種形式，而haveto則涉及各age.．Iwillhavetolearnhowtouseacomputer.Inordertotaketheexam,llhavetofinishthewholebookbytheendofthismonth.兩者的否定意義不同，mustnt．Youmustn’tgothere.don’thaveto表示不必。．Youdon’thavetogothere.四．shall和should情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法例句用于第一人稱構(gòu)成的疑問句，表示征．ShallIopenthewindow?求對(duì)方意見或請(qǐng)求指示．Shallwesay6’clock,then?．WhatshallIgetfordinner?用于第二、三人稱陳述句中，表示說．Don’tworry,youshallgetthe話人給對(duì)方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅。answerthis允諾)．Heshallbesorryforitoneday,Itellyou.（警告）．YoushalldoasIsay.命令)..．IfyouchildrendontdoasItellyou,youshallnotgototheparty.(威脅)should．Youshouldreadhisnewbook.表示推測(cè)，用在肯定句中，對(duì)現(xiàn)在的．Itshouldbeaniceday情況或可能發(fā)生tomorrow.．TryphoningRobert,heshouldbehomenow.．Heshouldbearoundsixtyyears還可以用在if．AskTomtoringmeupifyou一件事聽起來可能性很小，但也不是shouldseehim.(你萬一見到湯姆，從句謂語用should+動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成，．ShouldIbefreetomorrow,I’ll主句都一定用虛擬語氣come.(萬一我明天有時(shí)間，我就過來)．Ifthingsshouldchangesuddenly,pleaseletmeknow.(萬一情況突變，請(qǐng)通知我)用于疑問句或感嘆句中，表示意外、．Whyshouldanyonewanttowhy，marryTony?..what，who連用，如果是疑問．Dontaskme.HowshouldI’句，則不需要回答。know?表示“應(yīng)該”之意1．Yououghttotakecareofhim.2．—OughtIgonow?—Yes,yououghtto./No,yououghtn’tto.must表示推測(cè)是1．Hemustbehomebynow.(斷定他的區(qū)別已到家)2．Heoughttobehomebynow.(不十分肯定)說明：should與oughtto表示“應(yīng)該”時(shí)的區(qū)別shouldoughtto若要反映客觀情況或涉及法律義務(wù)和規(guī)定，一般用ought。如：Youshouldhelpthemwiththeirwork.Youarehisfather.Yououghttogethimtoreceivegoodeducation.五．will和wouldwill/would用于表示意志或意愿。will指現(xiàn)．Heisthemanwhowillgohisown..way.他是個(gè)自行其是的人。)．Willyoupleasetakeamessageforhim?表示請(qǐng)求、建議等，．Wouldyoupleasetellmeyourtelephonenumber?表示習(xí)慣或傾向，意為“總是，．Fishwilldiewithoutwater.will至現(xiàn)在，would指過．Peoplewilltalk.人們總會(huì)說閑話。)去。．Thesethingswillhappen.Thatwillbethemessengerringing.．Iwon’tlistentoyournonsense.樂意”2NomatterwhatIsaid,he’tlisten表示說話時(shí)臨時(shí)的決定。1.Iwillopenthedoor.特別說明：would與usedto辨析would可用來表示過去反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作，但不能表示過去存在的狀態(tài)，所以我們不能..shewouldbeaquiet”另外，would強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某種特定情況下的活動(dòng)，是完全過去的事情，同現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系。而usedtoWould可以表示不規(guī)則的習(xí)慣，usedto則不可。如：Heusedtobeanaughtyboyandcausetrouble.Iusedtogetupatsixinthemorning.Sometimesshewouldtakeawalkintheneighboringwoods.Inthosedays,wheneverIhaddifficulties,IwouldgotoMr.Chenforhelp.六．need和dare例句—Yes,youmust.(No,youneedn't)句，只有現(xiàn)在時(shí)，過去式要用2．Youneedn'thavehurried.needn'thave，疑問式用need+人(=Itwasnotnecessaryforyouto，稱?,否定式用neednot(即needn'tbutyou你當(dāng)時(shí)不必這么匆忙。做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其變化與一般的實(shí)1.Ajoblikenursingneedspatienceand義動(dòng)詞相同，后接帶to的不定式（needdoing=needtobeunderstanding.(need+名詞，needunderstanding=needtobeunderstood,需要被理解)you和didn'tneed,肯定式2．Heneedstoseeadoctor.(needtodo)..用needs/needed/need,疑問式用3．Doyoustillneedvolunteerstohelpcleanupaftertheparty?(needsomebodytodosomething)4．Theydidn'tneedtostartsoearly.(donotneedtodo)dare用于表示“敢于”之意。做情態(tài)動(dòng)1．—Dareyoutellherthetruth?詞，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，主要用—Yes,Idare./No,Idaren’t.于否定句、疑問句和條件狀語從句3．Howdareyouaccusemeoflying!4．He’tadmitthis.用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其變化與一般的1．Onlyafewjournalistsdaredto實(shí)義動(dòng)詞相同。在肯定句中，darecoverthestory.后接帶todare2．Hedoesn’tdare(to)gotherealone.后既可接帶to的不定式，也可接不3．Don’tyoudare(to)touchit?帶to的不定式。+have”用法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone用法表示主觀上對(duì)過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的．Shemusthavegone行為進(jìn)行推測(cè)，意為“想必，準(zhǔn)是，一定做了某事”throughalot.．Hemusthavevisitedthe..WhiteHouseduringhisstayintheUnitedStates.may/mighthavedone表示對(duì)過去已發(fā)生行為的推．Youmayhavelearntthe測(cè)，意為“也許/或許已經(jīng)（沒news.有）……“。一般用于肯定句．Hemaynothaveheard或否定句中，不用于疑問句。hisnamecalled.用might則表示語氣更加不肯．SorryI’mlate.Imighthaveturnedoffthealarmclockandgonebacktosleepagain.表示對(duì)過去發(fā)生的行為的懷疑．Wherecanshehave和不肯定，通常用在否定句和gone?can換成could時(shí)．Couldhehavedonesuch．Theboycan’thavefinishedreadingthebooksosoonbecauseitisdifficulteventoanadult.可用于肯定句中，表示“可能．Hecouldhavekilledhimselfdrivingat