現(xiàn)代大學英語精讀2-第三版-教師教案

ContentsUnit1Unit1Unit!Unit3Unit4Unit5Unit6Unit7Unit8Unit9Unit10Unit11Unit12AnotherSchoolYear一WhatFor?SayYesTheRiteofSpringTheManintheWaterQuickFixSocietyButton,ButtonWisdomofBearWoodTheManinAsbestosPompeiiTwoFriendsMr.ImaginationTheHappiestManonEarth-Unit1TextAAnotherSchoolYear-WhatFor?JohnCiardiIIntroductionBackgroundWhenyoungstudentsgraduatefromhighschool,manyofthemmaydecidetogotoatechnicalschooltolearnausefultrade,whereasmanyothersmaywanttogotocollegetocontinuetheireducation.Butwhatdifferenceistherebetweenthesetwochoices?Whydomanyyoungpeoplegotocollegeoruniversity?Whataretheseextrayearsatschoolfor?Youngpeopledonotalwaysknowtheanswers.AndthesearethequestionsaddressedbyProfessorCiardiinthisessaybasedonthespeechhegaveinanorientationtofreshmen.Inthisessay,ProfessorCiardistartedbymakingadistinctionbetweenjobtrainingandeducation.Jobtrainingisimportantandisthepurposewhymanychoosetogototechnicalschools.Butforcollegesanduniversitiesthereissomethingelseotherthanjobtraining.Studentsmustbeexposedtoideasgeneratedbymankindinhistory.Therefore,educationisnotjusttraining.Traininghelpsyoungpeopletolearntechnicalskillswithwhichtheycanmakealiving,whileeducationteachesthemhowtolive.Trainingcanbemeasuredbyitsmoneyvaluewhereaseducationmakesyoungpeopleworthy,well-roundedhumanbeings.Toputitinanotherway,trainingismainlyconcernedwiththeeighthoursofworkwhichgivesusapaycheckandenablesustosustainlifeandsupportourfamily.Buteducationisabouttheothereighthourswhenwedirectourattentiontootherthingssuchasart,music,literature,history,religion,philosophy,politics,love,family,friendshipandsociety.Wemustunderstand,tohaveajobdoesnotnecessarilymeantobemakingcontributionstosocietyautomatically;andtomakealotofmoneydoesnotnecessarilymeanwearehappyorourlifeismeaningful.Withoutpropereducationwecanonlybe“savageswhohappentoknowhowtopushbuttons”.ProfessorCiardiisclearlyproudoftheAmericanliberalartstraditionincollegesanduniversities.Hekeepsremindingusthattheseinstitutionsofhigherlearningserveasgreatstorehousesofhumanwisdomandexperience,andyoungpeopleshouldtreasuretheopportunitytobeexposedtotheaccumulatedhumanknowledge.Heparticularlyurgesyoungstudentstoreadbookswrittenbygreatpeopleinthepastsothattheycanbenefitfromtheirminds,sharetheirexperiences,andinthiswayovercometheirownlimitations.Thistextischosenbecausewecompilersfeelthatthewriterhastoucheduponaveryimportantproblem:thepurposeofschooleducation.Wearenotalwaysreallyclearwhateducationisabout,takingforgrantedthatthisissomethingstudentsandteachersmustdoiftheywanttosurvive.Noschooling,nodiploma;nodiploma,nojob;andnojob,nomoney.Themostpopularlogoforuniversitiesistoclaimtheyare“acradleofengineers","acradleoflawyers59,uacradleofbusinessCEOs"or"acradleofambassadors”.Onlyveryrecentlyhavepeopleonceagainstartedtoemphasizetheimportanceofdevelopingfully-grownandwell-roundedhumanbeings.Wedonotthinkthewriterhasgivenanin-depthanalysisoftheproblem.Norhasheexplainedconvincinglyenoughwhystudentsneedtoknowart,literature,etc.Onemayperhapsalsodisapproveofhisgenerallysarcastictonewhenhedescribesthatstudent.Andalthoughhedoesnotmeantoplaydowntheroleplayedbytechnicalschools,hestillgivesustheimpressionthathethinkscollegesarefarsuperior.Webelievethatourstudentsandteacherscanoffermuchstrongerargumentsforthevalueofeducation,basedonourownexperience.StructureThetextcanbeconvenientlydividedintotwoparts.Inthefirstpart(paras.1-8),thewriterdescribeshisencounterwithastudentofhis.Hetriedbutfailedtoconvincethestudentthatapharmacymajorneedstoreadgreatwriters.Inthesecondpart(paras.9-14),herestates,fourteenyearslater,whathestillbelievestobethepurposeofauniversity:toputitsstudentsintouchwiththebestcivilizationsthehumanracehascreated.I.Thewriter'sencounterwithastudent(paras.1-8)Astudentcametohisofficetoquestiontheuseofthecoursehewasteaching,(para.1)Thewriterwantedtotellhimthatauniversityoffersbothtrainingandeducation,(para.2)Thewritertriedtoexplaintheimportanceofeducationbydescribingtothestudenthowhewouldspendhis24-hourdayaftercollege,(paras.3-6)Hewouldsleepforabouteighthours,(paras.3-4)Hewouldworkforanothereighthoursusingwhathehadlearnedatcollege,(para.5)Heshouldspendhisleisuretimeimprovinghismindanddevelopingatasteinmusic,art,andliterature,(para.6)Thestudentwasnotconvincedandsaidheattendedcollegeonlytomakemoney,(paras.7-8)II.Fourteenyearslater,hisconvictionaboutthepurposeofauniversityremainsthesame,(paras.9-14)Auniversitydoesnottrainmechanizedsavagesbutspecialistsarmedwithwhatthebesthumanmindshavethought,(para.9)Atuniversity,studentslearnwhatgreatscholarshavediscoveredinthepast,(paras.10-11)Tobewelldevelopedhumanbeingsandusefulmembersofsociety,studentsshouldreadgreatbooks,(paras.12-13)Insummary,thepurposeofauniversityistoproducespecialistswhoarealsocivilizedhumans,(para.14)StyleAsitisoriginallyatalk,thewriteradoptsabasicallycolloquialandfamiliarstyle.Asyouread,youfeelasiftheprofessoristalkingtoyoufacetoface.Torecreatethesceneofhisencounterwiththetallboyinhisoffice,heusesdirectspeech.Thisway,thereadercanimaginetheignoranceandarroganceofthestudent.Thesentencestructureisgenerallynotverycomplicated.Butthereareafewlongandinvolvedsentencesinthesecondpartofthetext,forexample,thelastsentenceofParagraph12,andthetwoverylongonesinthelastparagraph.Thetoneinthefirstpartishumorousandmildlysarcastic.Thestudentisreferredtoas“abeanpolewithhairontop”,"thisspecimen,,and“thisparticularpest”.TeachingTipsSincethisisthesecondsemesteratcollegeformoststudentsusingthistextbook,itmaybeinterestingtostartbyaskingthestudentswhethertheystillrememberwhattheyweretoldthecollegeisallaboutattheirorientationsessionwhentheyfirstcametothisparticularschoolandwhether,lookingbacktothepastsemester,theyfeelthattheyhavebeenfollowingthepathmappedoutfbrthem.Manyconceptsdiscussedinthetextarefamiliartous,butasisoftenthecase,preciselybecausetheysoundsofamiliarweoftendonotgivemuchthoughttothemanddonotfullyunderstandwhattheymean.Soitmightbeagoodideatoletstudentstryandgiveamoreaccuratedefinitionofsuchconceptsastraining,education,college,university,civilizedhumanbeings,mechanizedsavages,push-buttonNeanderthals,developedhumansandusefulcitizensofademocracy.Trytoleadstudentstomeaningfuldiscussionsofproblemstheyarekeenlyinterestedintoday:Iscollegereallyuseful?Arewegettingourmoney'sworth?Doesuniversityeducationreallygiveusyoungpeoplemuchadvantageinthejobmarket?Whatelsecanuniversityeducationofferusbesidesjobtraining?Thelistofquestionsexistinginstudents9mindscannodoubtgoon.Theymightevenaskspecificallywhyweneedtostudyforeignlanguages,whywehavetohaveIntensiveReading,whywehavetospendsomuchtimeonthosetexts,dealingwithsomanydifferentsubjectsandwrittenbysomanypeople,manyofwhomarelongdeadandgone.IIDetailedDiscussionoftheTextALetmetellyouoneoftheearliestdisastersinmycareerasateacher,(para.1)LetmetellyousomethingthathappenedwhenIfirstbecameateacher.Itwasoneoftheexasperatingexperiencesinthefirstdaysofmyteachingcareer.Theword“disaster"oftenmeans"anunexpectedeventsuchasaverybadaccident,afloodorafirethatkillsalotofpeopleorcausesalotofdamage”.Here,usedinformally,itmeans"acompletefailure^.ThewriterexaggeratesthesituationandusesthewordhumorouslyIwasfreshoutofgraduateschoolstartingmyfirstsemesterattheUniversityofKansasCity.(para.1)...IhadjustcompletedmygraduatestudiesandbeganteachingattheUniversityofKansasCity.freshoutof/fromsth.:havingjustcomefromaparticularplace;havingjusthadaparticularexperiencee.g.studentsfreshfromcollegeathletesfreshfromtheirsuccessattheNinthNationalGamesPartofthestudentbodywasabeanpolewithhairontopwhocameintomyclass,satdown,foldedhisarms,andlookedatmeasiftosay“AHright,teachmesomething.”(para.1)Thesentencetellsuswhatanunfavorableimpressionthestudentleftonthewriterthefirstdayhecametoclass.First,hewasreferredtoas“abeanpolewithhairontop”(又高又瘦，活像頂上長了毛的、做豆架用的長竿).Also,hismannersirritatedthewriter:Insteadoflisteningattentivelyandtakingnotes,hebehavedasifhehadpaidtowatchashowofsomesortandwaswaitingtobeentertained.Theword“beanpole“means“atallthinperson”.Herethewriterdeliberatelyevokesa“beanpole”,apolefarmersuseasasupportinvegetablegardens.partofthestudentbody:oneofthestudentsthestudentbody:allthestudentsoftheuniversitybody:agroupofpeoplewhoworkoracttogether,oftenforanofficialpurpose,orwhoareconnectedinsomeotherwaye.g.alaw-makingbody立法機構thegoverningbodyoftheuniversity大學管理機構TwoweekslaterwestartedHamlet,(para.1)Obviously,thewriterwasteachingacourseinShakespeare.Insuchacourse,Hamletisgenerallyamongtheplaysstudied.Threeweekslaterhecameintomyofficewithhishandsonhiship§?“Look,“hesaid,cameheretobeapharmacist.WhydoIhavetoreadthisstuff?”(para.1)Culturalnotes:InAmericanuniversities,aninstructorhasofficehoursduringwhichstudentstakingthecoursecangotoaskquestionsordiscusstermpaperswithhim/her.CollegestudentsintheUnitedStatesarerequiredtotakeanumberofcoursesinareasotherthantheirmajor.Thatwaswhythepharmacymajortookacourseinliterature.withhishandsonhiships:Thisshowsthatthestudentwasn'tcarryinganythingwithhim,andwhat'smore,thisbusiness-mindedyoungmancametochallengehisinstructor,likecustomersquestioningaboutthegoodsorservicetheyhavebought.Andnothavingabookofhisowntopointto,hepointedtominewhichwaslyingonthedesk.(para.1)Note:Thenegativeformofapresentparticipleis“notdoingsth."insteadof“doingNewasIwastothefaculty,Icouldhavetoldthisspecimenanumberofthings,(para.2)ThoughIwasanewteacher,IknewIcouldtellhimwhatauniversitywasfor,butIdidn9t.Intheremainingpartoftheparagraph,thewritertellsuswhathecouldhavesaidtothestudent.Note:Thewriternowreferredtothestudentasaspecimeninahumorousway,meaninghewasatypicalofatypeofstudentswhocametoauniversityjusttogettrainingforacareer.newtosth.:notyetfamiliarwithsth.becauseyouhaveonlyjuststarted,arrived,etc.1couldhavepointedoutthathehadenrolled,notinadrugstore-mechanicsschool,butinacollegeandthatattheendofhiscoursemeanttoreachforascrollthatreadBachelorofScience,(para.2)IcouldhavetoldhimthathewasnownotgettingtrainingforajobinatechnicalschoolbutdoingaBSatauniversity.meantodosth.:tointendtodosth.reachforsth.:totrytoobtainsth.readBachelorofScience:tohaveBachelorofSciencewrittenonthescrollItwouldcertifythathehadspecializedinpharmacy,butitwouldfurthercertifythathehadbeenexposedtosomeoftheideasmankindhasgeneratedwithinitshistory,(para.2)TheBScertificatewouldbeofficialproofthattheholderhadspecialknowledgeofpharmacy,butitwouldalsoprovethathe/shehadleamed/absorbedsomeprofoundideasofthepast.certifythat...:tostateofficially,esp.inwritingthat...e.g.ThisistocertifythatMs.LiLinworkedforIBMBeijingOfficefromJanuary1998toJune2000.specializein:tobecomeanexpertinaparticularareaofstudy,workorbusinesse.g.ProfessorZhangspecializesinAmericandrama.Mysisterspecializesincontractlaw.Atage30,hestartedacompanyspecializinginhomecomputers.generate:toproduceorcreatesth.e.g.Theyhavealargebodyofyoungpeoplewhoarecapableofgeneratingnewideas.Thismachinecangenerateelectricityincaseofapowerfailure.Thatistosay,hehadnotenteredatechnicaltrainingschoolbutauniversityandinuniversitiesstudentsenrollforbothtrainingandeducation,(para.2)Heretheword“education“isusedinabroadsense,notonlytheprocessofacquiringknowledgeanddevelopingskills,butalsothatofimprovingthemind.enroll:(Br￡enrol)toarrangeforyourselforsb.elsetoofficiallyjoinacourse,school,etc.e.g.Heisenrolledinatwo-monthcourseforTOEFL.Whenhefailedthenationalcollegeentranceexam,hedecidedtoenrollinaprivatetertiaryschool.Question:Whatisthedifferencebetweentrainingandeducation,accordingtothewriter?Trainingispreparationforajob,oracareer,suchasthetraininginacertainskill.Education,ontheotherhand,islearningtodevelopone'smentalandmoralpowers.Icouldhavetoldhimallthis,butitwasfairlyobvioushewasn'tgoingtobearoundlongenoughforittomatter,(para.3)Ididn'tactuallysayallthistohim,becauseIdidn'tthinkhewouldstayatcollegeverylong,soitwouldn'tbeimportantwhetherornotheknewwhatuniversityeducationwasfor.bearound:tobepresentinaplace;tobeavailablematter:tobeimportantorhaveanimportanteffectonsb./sth.e.g.Itdoesn'tmatterwhetherornotyouagree.Mymindismadeup.DoesitmatterifIwriteinpencil?Ithardlymatterswhatyoulearn,aslongasitdeeplyinterestsyouandhelpstobroadenyourhorizon.Payattentiontothetwoifs.Thefirstisanintroductory/anticipatory"it"whilethesecondrefersto"whetherItoldhimallthis”."For”isusedtointroducetheperformeroftheaction“tomatter”.Nevertheless,IwasyoungandIhadahighsenseofdutyandItriedtoputitthisway...(para.4)Insteadoftellinghimtheimportanceofanall-roundeducation,Itriedtoconvincehimfromaverypracticalpointofview.put:toexpressorsaysth.inaparticularwaye.g.Canyouputitinanotherway?Ireallydon'tknowhowtoputit.Idon'treallyhatethecity.ButIdon'tloveiteither.“Fortherestofyourlife,“Isaid,wyourdaysaregoingtoaverageouttoabouttwenty-fourhours...”(para.4)averageout:{informal)tocometoanaverageorordinarylevelorstandard,esp.afterbeinghigherorlowere.g.Mealsattheuniversityaverageouttoabout10yuanperday.Thecouple'sincomeaveragesoutto5,000yuanamonth.Therestaurant^monthlyprofitsaveragedoutat30%lastyear.Theywillbealittleshorterwhenyouareinlove,andalittlelongerwhenyouareoutoflove,buttheaveragewilltendtohold.(para.4)hold:(=holdgood)tobetrueorvalid,toapplyForeightofthesehours,moreorless,youwillbeasleep,(para.4)moreorless:approximatelye.g.Sheworks12hoursaday,moreorless.Anothermeaningof"moreorless”:basically,essentially,almoste.g.I'vemoreorlessfinishedmycomposition.Wehavemoreorlessreachedanagreementonthematter.Thenforabouteighthoursofeachworkingdayyouwill,Ihope,beusefullyemployed,(para.5)beusefullyemployed:beworking;bedoingusefuljobs,notfoolingaround.beemployed(indoingsth.):(written)tospendyourtimedoingsth.e.g.Theoldman'sdayswereemployedinreading,writing,anddoingChineseboxing.Theoldladywasbusilyemployedinknittingsweatersforhergrandchildren.Assumeyouhavegonethroughpharmacyschool...(para.5)Suppose/Let'simagineyouhavecompletedyourstudiesofpharmacy...Youwillseetoitthatthecyanidestaysoutoftheaspirin,thatthebulldoesn'tjumpthefence,orthatyourclientdoesn'tgototheelectricchairasaresultofyourincompetence,(para.5)Youhavetotakeresponsibilityfortheworkyoudo.Ifyou'reapharmacist,youshouldmakesurethataspirinisnotmixedwithpoisonouschemicals.Asanengineer,youshouldmakesurethatthefenceyoudesignforinstancewillsuccessfullykeepoutbulls.Ifyoubecomealawyer,youshouldmakesureaninnocentpersonisnotsentencedtodeathbecauseyoulackadequatelegalknowledgeandskilltodefendyourclient.seetoitthat:tomakesurethate.g.Canyouseetoitthatalltheinvitationsaredeliveredtoday?rilseetoitthateverythingisreadybeforetheguestsarrive.gototheelectricchair:(=beelectrocuted)tobepunishedbybeingkilledontheelectricchairAlongwitheverythingelse,theywillprobablybewhatputsfoodonyourtable,supportsyourwife,andrearsyourchildren,(para.5)Inadditiontoallotherthings(suchassatisfaction)theseprofessionsoffer,theyprovideyouwithalivingsothatyoucansupportafamily——wifeandchildren,alongwith:inadditiontosb./sth.;inthesamewayassb./sth.Theywillbeyourincome,andmayitalwayssuffice,(para.5)they:theskillsit:yourincomemayitalwayssuffice:Ihopeyourincomewillalwaysbeenough/sufficient.Inotherwords,thewriterhopesthattheskillshelearnsatcollegewillalwaysprovidehimandhisfamilywithalivingwhatdoyoudowiththoseothereighthours?(para.6)dowith:(inquestionswith"what")totakeactionwithregardtoe.g.Whatshallwedowiththechildrenwhenwe9reaway?Whatdoyoudowithricestrawinyourcountry?Theydonotknowwhattodowithallthegarbagehere.Willthechildreneverbeexposedtoareasonablypenetratingideaathome?(para.6)Willyourchildreneverhearyoutalkaboutsomethingprofoundathome?beexposedto(usu.anewideaorfeeling):tobegivenexperienceof,orintroducedtoe.g.Tolearnmoreabouttheworldwelivein,weshouldbeexposedtodifferentcultures.Studyingabroad,hewasexposedtoanewwayoflife,reasonably:toadegreethatisfairlyhighbutnotveryhighe.g. Shewantstofindaplacereasonablyclose(=notfarfrom)toheruniversity.Ouruniversityisnotoneofthetopten,butreasonablywell-knownbothathomeandabroad.penetratingidea:anideathatrequirestheabilityofunderstandingclearlyanddeeply.Willyoubepresidingoverafamilythatmaintainssomecontactwiththegreatdemocraticintellect?(para.6)Willyoubeheadofafamilywhobringsupthekidsinademocraticspirit?presideover:tobeinchargeortocontrolameetingoranevent,hereusedhumorouslymaintaincontactwith:tokeepintouchwith,hereusedfigurativelythegreatdemocraticintellect:thelevelofideaspossibleinasocietybasedonthebeliefthatallpeopleareequalpoliticallyorsociallyWilltherebeabookinthehouse?(para.6)Willyoubereadingseriousbooks(notjustpopularfiction)?Willtherebeapaintingareasonablysensitivemancanlookatwithoutshuddering?(para.6)Willyouhaveapaintinginyourhousethatshowsgoodtaste????butthisparticularpestwasnotinterested,(para.7)pest:[informal)anannoyingpersonMe,I'mouttomakemoney,(para.7)beouttodosth./fbrsth.:tobetryingtogetordosth.e.g.ThecompanyisouttobreakintotheEuropeanmarket.Lookoutforsuchend-of-the-yearsales.Theseshopsareouttotrickyouintobuyingwhatyoudon'tneed.“Ihopeyoumakealotofit,"Itoldhim,“becauseyou'regoingtobebadlystuckforsomethingtodowhenyou'renotsigningchecks.”(para.8)Notethesarcastictoneofthewriter.Inspiteofwhathehadsaid,thestudentdidn'tseemtobeconvinced.Whatthewritermeanthereissomethinglikethis:Ifyoudon'thaveanygoalinlifeapartfrommakingmoneytosatisfyyourdesireformaterialriches,goaheadandmakealotofit.bestuckforsth.:nottoknowwhattodoinaparticularsituatione.g.Inthemiddleofthespeech,hewasstuckforwords(=hedidn'tknowhowtogoon).signingchecks:payingfbrwhatyou'veboughtbysigningchecks...buttoputyouintouchwithwhatthebesthumanmindshavethought(para.9)...toexposeyouto/makeyouunderstandtheideas,opinionsandthinkingofthebestphilosophers,scientists,writersandartistsinhumanhistory.IfyouhavenotimeforShakespeare,forabasiclookatphilosophy,forthecontinuityofthefinearts,forthatlessonofman9sdevelopmentwecallhistory一thenyouhavenobusinessbeingincollege,(para.9)Ifyoudon'twanttoimproveyourmindandbroadenyourhorizonsbystudyingalittleliterature,philosophy,thefineartsandhistory,youshouldn'tbestudyinghereatcollege.thatle§§onofman*developmentwecallhistory:我們稱之為“歷史”的關于人類發(fā)展過程中的經歷，here,“thatlessonofman'sdevelopmenf9istheobjectoftheverb“call"；“history“isanobjectivecomplement.lesson:anexperiencewhichactsasawarningtoyouoranexamplefromwhichyoushouldlearn(能給人以警戒，或使人從中獲取教訓的經歷)man:[singular)thehumanracee.g.Manlivesinalmostallpartsoftheworld.Man'sknowledgeofnaturecontinuestogrow.Thisisthegreatestofdiscoveriesknowntoman.havenobusinessdoingsth./havenobusinesstodosth.:tohavenorighttodosth.;shouldn'thavebeen/bedoingsth.e.g.You'venobusinesstellingmewhattodo.Hehasnobusinesscriticizingherabouthermake-up.Shehasnobusinessreadingyourmail.Youareonyourwaytobeingthatnewspeciesofmechanizedsavage,thepush-buttonNeanderthal,(para.9)Youwillsoonbecomeanuneducated,ignorantpersonwhocanonlyworkmachinesandoperatemechanicalequipment(onewhodoesn'tknowanythingaboutliterature,music,thefinearts,cultureingeneral,etc.)./Youwillbenodifferentfromsavagesexceptforthefactthatyoucanpushbuttonsandoperatemachines.onthe/one9swayto:onthepointofexperiencingorachievinge.g.Sheisonthewaytobecomingafullprofessor.Thatbrightyoungmanisonhiswaytobeingthesalesmanagerofthecompany.Nancyiswellonherwaytoanervousbreakdown.newspeciesofmechanizedsavage:newtypeofhumanswhoareintellectuallysimpleandnotdevelopedandwhocanonlyworkmachinesthepush-buttonNeanderthal:anuneducated,ignorantpersonwhocanonlyuse/operatemachinesbypushingthebuttonsOurcollegesinevitablygraduateanumberofsuchlifeforms,butitcannotbesaidthattheywenttocollege;ratherthecollegewentthroughthem-withoutmakingcontact,(para.9)Anumberofsuchpush-buttonsavagesgetcollegedegrees.Wecannothelpthat.Butevenwiththeirdegrees,wecan'tsaythatthesepeoplehavereceivedapropercollegeeducation.Itismoreaccuratetosaythattheypassthroughcollegewithoutlearninganything.lifeforms:usedsarcastically,meaningthesepeoplearelivingcreatures,butcan'tthinkandreasongothroughsb.(likeadoseofsalt):(offood,etc.)tobequicklyexcreted/topassthroughthebodyaswastematterwithoutbeingdigested,here,usedfigurativelyandsarcasticallyNoonegetstobeahumanbeingunaided,(para.10)Noonecangrowuptobeacivilizedpersonwithoutthehelpofothers,gettobe/todosth.:toreachthepointatwhichyouare/feel/knowsth.e.g.Onceyougettoknowherbetter,you'llrealizesheiscompassionateatheart.Hisabsent-mindednessisgettingtobeabigproblem.Thereisnottimeenoughinasinglelifetimetoinventforoneselfeverythingoneneedstoknowinordertobeacivilizedhuman,(para.10)Tobecomeacivilizedperson,weneedtoacquiretheknowledgeandexperiencepassedontous.Onelifetimeistooshorttoinventeverythingweneedtobecomecivilized.asinglelifetime:thetimeduringwhichapersonisaliveacivilizedhuman:apersonwhoispleasant,charming,well-mannered,butaboveall,well-educated(有教養(yǎng)的人)Youpassthegreatstonehallsof,say,andtherecutintothestonearethenamesofthescientists,(para.11)Ifyoupassthegreatstonehallofauniversity,M.I.T.(MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology)forexample,you'llseethenamesofthescientistscutintothestone,say:forexampletherecutintothestonearethenamesofscientists:thenamesofscientistsarecarvedinstoneasmemorialsThechancesarethatfewifanyofyouwillleaveyournamestobecutintothosestones.Yetanyofyouwhomanagedtostayawakethroughpartofahighschoolcourseinphysics,knowsmoreaboutphysicsthandidmanyofthosegreatscholarsofthepast.(para.11)Onlyveryfew,ifanyatall,ofyouwillturnouttobegreatscientistsandhaveyournamescutintothosestones.Butifyouwereattentiveenoughinyourhighschoolphysicsclass,allofyouwillknowmoreaboutphysicsthanmanyofthosescientistswhosenamesarecutintothestones.(the)chancesare:quitelikelyYouknowmorebecausetheyleftyouwhattheyknew,becauseyoucanstartfromwhatthepastlearnedforyou.(para.11)Youknowmoreaboutphysicsnotbecauseyou'remoretalentedthanthosescholarsofthepast,butbecausetheylefttheirknowledgetoyou.Inotherwords,allhumanknowledgehasbeenaccumulatedbypeoplelivinginthepastandhasbeenpassedontous.Youdonothavetostartfromtheverybeginning;youcanstartwherethegreatscholarsleftoffwhatthepastlearnedforyou:whatpeopleinthepastlearnedandpassedontoyouAndasthisistrueofthetechniquesofmankind,soitistrueofmankind'sspiritualresources,(para.12)Thisisthewaywelearnanddevelopthetechniquesofmankind.Thisisalsohowweinheritandadvancemankind'sspiritualresources.人類技術的發(fā)展是如此，人類精神財富的積累也是如此。(be)trueof(apersonorasituation):toapplytoe.g.It'sawonderfulopera.Themusicissuperb.Thesameistrueoftheacting.Theyoungtendtolookaheadwhiletheoldliketolookbackuponthepast.Thisistrueofallnations.Whenyouhavereadabook,youhaveaddedtoyourhumanexperience,(para.12)Whenyouhavereadabook,youhaveenrichedyourlife.addto:toincreaseReadHomerandyourmindincludesapieceofHomer'smind.(para.12)WhenyoureadHomefsworks,youaresuretolearnsomeofhisinsights.讀一讀荷馬的史詩，你的頭腦里就有了荷馬的一些思想。ThroughbooksyoucanacquireatleastfragmentsofthemindandexperienceofVirgil,Dante,Shakespeare-thelistisendless,(para.12)Throughreadingtheirbooks,youcanatleastlearnabitofthethinkingandexperienceofsuchliterarygiantsasVir