園藝專業(yè)英語考試資料

China'sCheeseMarketResearchReportThereportmainlyresearchesonthemarketstatusandforeseeablefuturetrendofcreamcheese,cheddarCheeseandMozzarellacheese,butmorethanthat.Thedatacitedinthereportnotonlyincludesdomesticandforeignofficialinformation,butalsotheinformationachievedthroughon-the-spotinvestigationbyresearchers.Theresearchmethodcombinesdeskstudyandon-the-spotinvestigationwhichconsistsofon-sitevisitandtelephoneinterview.Wemakein-depthvisitonstarlevelhotelsandrestaurants,foodproductionandprocessingenterpriseswithcheeseasingredient,foodchain,cheeseimportersanddealers,naturalcheeseandprocessedcheesemanufacturersandrelatedindustrialinstitutes.ThereportcontainstheoveralldevelopmentstatusofChina'cheeseindustry,policyenvironment,technologicalenvironment,importandexport,basicmarketstructure,cheese(mainlyoncreamcheese,cheddarCheeseandMozzarellacheese)marketcapacityandgrowthtrend,consumption,competitionstructure,developmenttendencyandconditionsofkeycheeseproductionenterprises.WrotebyseniorresearcherwhoisfamiliarwithChinesedairyindustrychainandworlddairyindustry,thereportwillbeanimportantreferencetodomesticandforeigndairyproductscompanieswhowanttoexpandtheirmarketshareinChina,investmentorganizationsandotherrelatedresearchers.NutGrowersinTurkeyIntroductionCrudeOilProductioninTurkeyindustryprofileprovidestop-linequalitativeandquantitativesummaryinformationincluding:marketsize(valueandvolume2006-10,andforecastto2015).Theprofilealsocontainsdescriptionsoftheleadingplayersincludingkeyfinancialmetricsandanalysisofcompetitivepressureswithinthemarket.Essentialresourcefortop-linedataandanalysiscoveringtheTurkeycrudeoilproductionmarket.Includesmarketsizedata,textualandgraphicalanalysisofmarketgrowthtrends,leadingcompaniesandmacroeconomicinformation.Highlights*Thecrudeoilproductionindustrymeasurescrudeoilproductioninrespectivecountries/regions.Themarketvaluesarecalculatedusingregionalspotoilpricesaveragedoverthewholeyear.Asoilmarketsareexperiencingaperiodofpricevolatility,futuretrendsaredifficulttopredict;thustheforecastsgiveninthisreportareonlygivenasanindicationofthemarket'spossiblefuturegrowth.Allcurrencyconversionsusedintheproductionofthisreporthavebeencalculatedusingconstant2010annualaverageexchangerates.*TheTurkishcrudeoilproductionindustryhadatotalrevenueof$1.4billionin2010,representingacompoundannualgrowthrate(CAGR)of8.7%fortheperiodspanning2006-2010.*IndustryconsumptionvolumesincreasedwithaCAGRof2.6%between2006and2010,toreachatotalof17.1millionbarrelsin2010.*Theperformanceoftheindustryisforecasttodecelerate,withananticipatedCAGRof2.3%forthefive-yearperiod2010-2015,whichisexpectedtodrivetheindustrytoavalueof$1.6billionbytheendof2015.FeaturesSavetimecarryingoutentry-levelresearchbyidentifyingthesize,growth,andleadingplayersinthecrudeoilproductionmarketinTurkeyUsetheFiveForcesanalysistodeterminethecompetitiveintensityandthereforeattractivenessofthecrudeoilproductionmarketinTurkeyLeadingcompanyprofilesrevealdetailsofkeycrudeoilproductionmarketplayersglobaloperationsandfinancialperformanceAddweighttopresentationsandpitchesbyunderstandingthefuturegrowthprospectsoftheTurkeycrudeoilproductionmarketwithfiveyearforecastsbybothvalueandvolumeMacroeconomicindicatorsprovideinsightintogeneraltrendswithintheTurkeyeconomyCerealCropsinTaiwanIntroductionCerealCropsinTaiwanindustryprofileprovidestop-linequalitativeandquantitativesummaryinformationincluding:marketsize(valueandvolume2006-10,andforecastto2015).Theprofilealsocontainsdescriptionsoftheleadingplayersincludingkeyfinancialmetricsandanalysisofcompetitivepressureswithinthemarket.Essentialresourcefortop-linedataandanalysiscoveringtheTaiwancerealcropsmarket.Includesmarketsizeandsegmentationdata,textualandgraphicalanalysisofmarketgrowthtrends,leadingcompaniesandmacroeconomicinformation.Highlights*Thecerealcropsindustryisbrokendownintothreesegments:wheat,coarsegrains(barley,oats,sorghumandothercoarsegrains),andrice.Themarketvolumesreflectconsumptionineachcountry,calculatedonthebasisofproductionplusimportsminusexports.Cerealcropsarevaluedatproducerprices.Allcurrencyconversionsusedintheproductionofthisreporthavebeencalculatedusingconstant2010annualaverageexchangerates.*TheTaiwanesecerealcropsindustryhadtotalrevenueof$3.6billionin2010,representingacompoundannualrateofchange(CARC)of-6.5%fortheperiodspanning2006-2010.*IndustryproductionvolumesdecreasedwithaCARCof-3.7%between2006-2010,toreachatotalof6.8milliontonsin2010.*Theperformanceoftheindustryisforecasttodeclinefurtherbutatthelowerpace,withananticipatedCARCof-1.7%forthefive-yearperiod2010-2015,whichisexpectedtodrivetheindustrytoavalueof$3.3billionbytheendof2015FeaturesSavetimecarryingoutentry-levelresearchbyidentifyingthesize,growth,majorsegments,andleadingplayersinthecerealcropsmarketinTaiwanUsetheFiveForcesanalysistodeterminethecompetitiveintensityandthereforeattractivenessofthecerealcropsmarketinTaiwanLeadingcompanyprofilesrevealdetailsofkeycerealcropsmarketplayers'globaloperationsfinancialperformanceAddweighttopresentationsandpitchesbyunderstandingthefuturegrowthprospectsoftheTaiwancerealcropsmarketwithfiveyearforecastsbybothvalueandvolumeMacroeconomicindicatorsprovideinsightintogeneraltrendswithintheTaiwaneconomyCerealCropsinJapan摘要IntroductionCerealCropsinJapanindustryprofileprovidestop-linequalitativeandquantitativesummaryinformationincluding:marketsize（valueandvolume2006-10,andforecastto2015）.Theprofilealsocontainsdescriptionsoftheleadingplayersincludingkeyfinancialmetricsandanalysisofcompetitivepressureswithinthemarket.Essentialresourcefortop-linedataandanalysiscoveringtheJapancerealcropsmarket.Includesmarketsizeandsegmentationdata,textualandgraphicalanalysisofmarketgrowthtrends,leadingcompaniesandmacroeconomicinformation.Highlights*Thecerealcropsindustryisbrokendownintothreesegments:wheat,coarsegrains（barley,oats,sorghumandothercoarsegrains）,andrice.Themarketvolumesreflectconsumptionineachcountry,calculatedonthebasisofproductionplusimportsminusexports.Cerealcropsarevaluedatproducerprices.Allcurrencyconversionsusedintheproductionofthisreporthavebeencalculatedusingconstant2010annualaverageexchangerates.*TheJapanesecerealcropsindustryhadtotalrevenueof$45.8billionin2010,representingacompoundannualrateofchange（CARC）of-3.9%fortheperiodspanning2006-2010.*IndustryproductionvolumesdecreasedwithaCARCof-1.1%between2006-2010,toreachatotalof33.9milliontonsin2010.*Theperformanceoftheindustryisforecasttoaccelerate,withananticipatedCARCof-2.2%forthefive-yearperiod2010-2015,whichisexpectedtodrivetheindustrytoavalueof$41.1billionbytheendof2015.FeaturesSavetimecarryingoutentry-levelresearchbyidentifyingthesize,growth,majorsegments,andleadingplayersinthecerealcropsmarketinJapanUsetheFiveForcesanalysistodeterminethecompetitiveintensityandthereforeattractivenessofthecerealcropsmarketinJapanLeadingcompanyprofilesrevealdetailsofkeycerealcropsmarketplayers'globaloperationsfinancialperformanceAddweighttopresentationsandpitchesbyunderstandingthefuturegrowthprospectsoftheJapancerealcropsmarketwithfiveyearforecastsbybothvalueandvolumeMacroeconomicindicatorsprovideinsightintogeneraltrendswithintheJapaneconomy巖棉塊有結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定、勻質(zhì)性好、無毒、化學(xué)性穩(wěn)定的特性，其作為無土栽培基質(zhì)在過去的十幾年間發(fā)展速度很快。Therock-woolslabs（板子）thathaveastablestructure,arehomogeneous（均勻的）,sterile（貧瘠的）andchemicallyinert（無效的）.Theuseofrock-Woolasagrowthsubstrate（基質(zhì)）hasgrownataveryfastrateduringthelastdecade.NaturalPollinationBumblebees（大黃蜂）flyfromflowertoflowerandcarrypollen（花粉）.Theseblack-yellowstriped（有條紋的）insectswithawhiteoroff-whiteabdomen（腹部）tipandthick（厚的）hairy（多毛的）coatperformpollination（授粉）inanincreasingnumberofglasshousesandorchards（果園）.Naturalpollinationhasgreatadvantagesovermechanical（機(jī)械）pollination.Itsavesworkandtimeandgivessuperior（優(yōu)異的）results.Bumblebeesvisit10-20flowersaminuteduringaflight.Theirsizeandbuildisideally（理想的）adaptedtogivethemexcellentcontactwiththestigmas（柱頭）andstamens（雄蕊）.Asnaturalpollinatorsbumblebeesareunrivalled（無以倫比的）.Theyarebotheffectiveandsystematic.Theyshowlesssensitivitytounfavorableclimaticconditions（lowtemperature,lowlightintensity）thanotherbees.Itislittlewonderthereforethatinthepastfewyears,theuseofbumblebeesasnaturalpollinatorsofvegetablesandfruithasboomed.Thedevelopmentofnaturalpollinationranparallelwith（與...相比較）thatofbiologicalcropprotection,foronlyinaclean,pesticide-freeenvironmentcansensitivebumble-beesthrive.大黃蜂飛在花叢和攜帶花粉。這些黑黃條紋昆蟲與白色或類白色腹部尖端和厚毛大衣完成授粉在越來越多的溫室和果園。自然授粉具有很大的優(yōu)勢比起機(jī)械授粉.自然授粉省工作和時(shí)間，提供優(yōu)異的業(yè)績。大黃蜂飛行一次經(jīng)過10-20朵在一分鐘他們的大小和體格是理想的調(diào)整給他們良好的接觸與柱頭和雄蕊。作為自然授粉的大黃蜂是無以倫比的。他們都是有效的、系統(tǒng)的。他們表現(xiàn)不太敏感的不利氣候條件（低溫、低光照強(qiáng)度）比其他蜜蜂。也難怪，因此在過去的幾年里，大黃蜂的使用自然授粉者的蔬菜和水果蓬勃發(fā)展。發(fā)展天然授粉平行運(yùn)行，生物作物保護(hù)，只有在一個(gè)干凈，無農(nóng)藥的環(huán)境敏感的大黃蜂茁壯成長SoilPhysicalProperties（土壤的物理性質(zhì)）Thesoilisathree-phasesysteM三相系）,thatconsistsofsolidparticles固相顆粒（thesoilmatrix土壤基質(zhì)）andvoids（孑L隙率）（thesoilpores氣孑L）,thatmayeitherbefilledwithwaterorwithair.Hence（因止匕）,distinction（區(qū)另U）ismadebetweenasolid,aliquidandagaseousphase,respectively（分另U地；各自地，獨(dú)自地）.Thedistribution（分布）betweenthethreephasesdependsonthecompositionof（組成的）thesolidphase,particularly（特另U地）ontheparticlesizedistribution（分布，分配）ofthesoil,whichisdenoted（表示）asthesoiltexture（土壤結(jié)構(gòu)）.Therearethreeparticlesizeclassesdistinguished:<0.002,0.002-0.05and0.05-2mm,definedasclay（粘土）,silt,andsand,respectively（分另U的）.Theratio（比率）betweenthesefractions（分?jǐn)?shù)；小部分，片段）classifiesthetexture（質(zhì)地）ofthesoilofinterestaccordingtothetexturetriangle（土壤結(jié)構(gòu)三角圖）.Soilswithhighclaycontent（粘土含量）（containingmorethan40%particles<0.002mmdiameter直徑）aremoredifficulttohandle,tendtoholdexcess（過剩的）wateranddrain（排水）slowly,andarethereforelesssuitableforgreenhouseculture.Ontheotherhand,sandysoils（containingmorethan90%particles>2mm）arelessfertile,havealowwatercapacity（含水量）andneedbetterfertilization（施月巴）andfrequentirrigation.Themostimportantsoilphysicalpropertyissoilstructure（土壤結(jié)構(gòu)）,thisbeingthenatureandstabilityofthebondsbetweensoilparticles,causingaggregation（聚合）andlargesoilpores（氣孔）.Goodandstablesoilstructureisenhancedbyorganicmatter（有機(jī)質(zhì)）,whichshouldbeaddedtothesoilifnotpresentoriginally（最初）.Soiltextureandstructuredeterminetherateofwatermovementinthesoil,thewaterholdingcapacityandthedrainage.Soilswhichtendtodrainslowlyshowaeration（通氣）problems,sincesoilporesfilledwithwaterprevent（妨礙）oxygendiffusion（傳播）andtheuptakeofoxygenbyplantroots,necessaryforrespiration（呼吸作用）andionuptake（攝?。?Ifasoilhasseveredrainageproblems,artificialdrainage（人工排水）（requiringtheinstallationofdrainagepipesatadepthof60-100cm）isnecessary.Oneshouldbearinmind,however,thatartificial（人造的）drainagewouldremoveexcesswaterfromthesoilonlywhenthewatertableisclosetothesoilsurface,orwhenthepipesareinstalledinanimpermeable（不滲透性的）soilhorizonwhichcausesaperchedwatertable（滯水面）.LiquidSoillessCultureThenutrient—filmtechnique（NFT）（營養(yǎng)液膜技術(shù)）isthemostcommonlyusedliquidsysteminsoillessculture（無土栽培）.NFTgrowingsystemsconsistofaseriesofnarrowchannelsthroughwhichnutrientsolution（培養(yǎng)液）isre—circulated（反復(fù)循環(huán)）fromsupplytank（水槽）.Aplumbingsystem（管道設(shè)備）ofplastictubing（塑料管）andasubmersiblepump（潛水泵）inthetankarethebasiccomponents,（組件）.Thechannelsaregenerallyconstructedofopaqueplasticfilm（不透明塑料薄膜）orplasticpipe（管）；asphalt—coatedwood（涂上——層瀝青的木頭）andfiberglass（玻璃纖維）alsohavebeenused.ThebasiccharacteristicofallNFTsystemistheshallowdepthofsolution（溶液深度淺）thatismaintainedinthechannels.Flow（流量）isusuallycontinuous,butsometimessystemsareoperatedintermittently（間歇地）bysupplyingsolution（補(bǔ)充溶液）afewminuteseveryhour.Thepurposeofintermittentflowistoassureadequate（充足的）aeration（通氣）oftherootsystem.Thisalsoreducestheenergyrequired;butunderrapidgrowthconditions.plantscouldexperiencewaterstress（水分月辦迫）iftheflowperiodistooshortorinfrequent.Termittentflowmanagementseemsbetteradaptedtomild（溫和的）temperatureperiodsortoplant