高考定語從句八個考點(diǎn)

-.z高考定語從句八個考點(diǎn)定語從句是英語學(xué)習(xí)的一個重要語法工程,也是歷年高考在具體的語境中考察考生靈活運(yùn)用知識能力的一個重點(diǎn)。為了幫助同學(xué)們更好地掌握這一語法工程,本文結(jié)合近幾年的高考試題,分析、探究定語性從句的考察,對其考察歸納為以下八個考點(diǎn)。一、考察非限制性定語從句中的which在非限制性定語從句中,which既起連接的作用,又在從句中充當(dāng)一定的句子成分(主語、賓語或表語);放在主句之后,指代整個主句或主句中的局部容?！窘?jīng)典題賞析】1.Myfriendshowedmeroundthetown,_______wasverykindofhim.(09全國卷II)A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it解析:此題考察非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的用法,選項(xiàng)中只有which可指代前面一個句子,并引導(dǎo)從句;it雖然可代替前面句子,但不能起連接的作用,故答案為A。2.TheScienceMuseum,_______wevisitedduringarecenttriptoBritain,isoneofLondon’stouristattractions.(08)A.whichB.whatC.thatD.where解析:引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時,which在從句中可以作賓語,指代主句的主語"TheScienceMuseum〞,而where只能作狀語。故答案為A。3.Chan’srestaurantonBakerStreet,______usedtobepoorlyrun,isnowasuccessfulbusiness.(07)A.thatB.whichC.whoD.where解析:該題逗號之間為非限制性定語從句,從句中缺少主語,所以選項(xiàng)圍應(yīng)是關(guān)系代詞,排除掉關(guān)系副詞where;而that不可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,只有which可指代前面的China’srestaurant。故答案為B?！拘〗Y(jié)】非限制性定語從句中,判斷選which還是where,when,關(guān)鍵在于分析定語從句的主干構(gòu)造是否完整,如果該從句的先行詞是物,從句中缺少主語、賓語或表語,通常要用which;如果從句中缺少狀語,則用when或where。事實(shí)上,非限制性定語從句可理解成是*一并列句的轉(zhuǎn)換。如:例1可理解為:Myfriendshowedmeroundthetown,anditwasverykindofhim.二、考察關(guān)系副詞,尤其是where的考察關(guān)系副詞where,when在定語從句中既起連接作用,同時又在從句中充當(dāng)狀語,分別表地點(diǎn)、時間。選用關(guān)系副詞的關(guān)鍵是要求正確分析從句主干構(gòu)造,選詞必須符合句子的邏輯意義?！窘?jīng)典題賞析】1.It’shelpfultoputchildreninasituation_______theycanseethemselvesdifferently.(09)A.thatB.whenC.whichD.where解析:由于從句的主謂賓構(gòu)造完整,只能選用狀語,由先行詞asituation可知,應(yīng)選用作地點(diǎn)狀語的where引導(dǎo)定語從句。故答案為D。2.TheywillflytoWashington,_______theyplantostayfortwoorthreedays.(08)A.whereB.thereC.whichD.when解析:首先排除地點(diǎn)副詞there;there不能引導(dǎo)從句,如果用there,后半句要改為andtheyplantostaytherefortwoorthreedays。由先行詞"Washington〞可知從句的關(guān)系詞表地點(diǎn),并且stay缺少狀語,所以應(yīng)該用where連接主從句。故答案為A。3.Today,we’lldiscussanumberofcases_______beginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperly.(07)A.whichB.asC.whyD.where解析:此定語從句主謂構(gòu)造完整,缺少狀語;考慮到先行詞cases,選用關(guān)系詞where,相當(dāng)于inwhich(=inthecases)。故答案為D。【小結(jié)】從以上高考試題可以看出對于where引導(dǎo)的定語從句,先行詞既可是明確的地點(diǎn),也可是"模糊化的地點(diǎn)〞。如表示*人/物的situation,或*事所開展的stage都可用where這個關(guān)系副詞。三、考察關(guān)系代詞whosewhose在定語從句中充當(dāng)名詞的定語,構(gòu)成"whose+名詞〞的形式;既可以表示*人的,又可以表示*物的。其最顯著的特點(diǎn)是空格后的名詞缺少限定詞?！窘?jīng)典題賞析】1.Aperson______accountisfullwon’tbeabletosendorreceiveanys.(09**)A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.whoever解析:who和whom只可做定語從句的主語或賓語；whoever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句；而Aperson作定語從句的先行詞，從句中作主語的account缺少限定詞，whose可充當(dāng)名詞的定語。故答案為C。2.Lookout!Don’tgettooclosetothehouse_______roofisunderrepair.(06**)A.whoseB.whichC.ofwhichD.what解析:定語從句中作主語的roof缺少限定詞,即定語,選擇whose充當(dāng)定語。而ofwhich在這里無法與theroof搭配。故答案為A?！拘〗Y(jié)】在定語從句中,對于事物的所屬關(guān)系,可以使用以下三種形式:whose+名詞,the+名詞+ofwhich或ofwhichthe+名詞。四、考察介詞+which或whom介詞后接關(guān)系代詞,在從句中可以作定語或狀語;如果先行詞是人,關(guān)系代詞用whom;如果先行詞是物,關(guān)系代詞用which。對于介詞的選用則要綜合考慮?！窘?jīng)典題賞析】1.Guncontrolisasubject_______Americanshavearguedforalongtime.(09)A.ofwhichB.withwhichC.aboutwhichD.intowhich解析:該題從句謂語argued與介詞about搭配表達(dá)"爭論*事〞,故答案為C。2.Bynineo’clock,alltheOlympictorchbearershadreachedthetopofMountQomolangma,_______appearedararerainbowsoon.(08)A.ofwhichB.onwhichC.fromwhichD.abovewhich解析:此定語從句的先行詞是thetop,從句的正常語序應(yīng)該是:"Ararerainbowsoonappeared______thetopofMountQomolangma〞。顯然應(yīng)該填上"above〞,表示山頂上。所以用abovewhich連接主從句。故答案為D。3.Weshouldn’tspendourmoneytestingsomanypeople,mostof_______arehealthy.(07)A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whom解析:由于先行詞為somanypeople,關(guān)系代詞只能用whom引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。所以答案為D。【小結(jié)】從以上句子可以看出,"介詞+which/whom+定語從句〞這一考點(diǎn),既考察學(xué)生的定語從句知識,又可考察學(xué)生對動詞短語的掌握。解此類題的關(guān)鍵是把先行詞代入相關(guān)定語從句中,根據(jù)定語從句謂語動詞的習(xí)慣搭配或與先行詞的關(guān)系、或由句子表達(dá)的整體句意來確定。五、考察定語從句中的分隔一般來說,定語從句總是緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后;但有時,定語從句和先行詞常常被介詞或其它成分分隔,干擾了句子構(gòu)造的判斷,從而給區(qū)分從句帶來一定的難度?！窘?jīng)典題賞析】1.She’llneverforgetherstaythere_______shefoundhersonwhohadgonemissingtwoyearsbefore.(09)A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when解析:此題的關(guān)鍵在于看出there分隔了先行詞herstay和關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句。根據(jù)先行詞herstay(表示"她呆的期間〞)及從句的句意,可知所選詞須是作時間狀語的連詞來引導(dǎo)。故答案為D。2.Occasionsarequiterare______Ihavethetimetospendadaywiththekids.(08卷)A.whoB.whichC.whyD.when解析:此句為了保持句子平衡,防止引起主句頭重腳輕,構(gòu)成了先行詞occasions和從句被主句的系表構(gòu)造分隔現(xiàn)象。先行詞occasions表時間,而且后面的定語從句缺少時間狀語,所以應(yīng)該用when或onwhich連接。故答案為D。3.—Isthatthesmalltownyouoftenreferto"—Right,justtheone_______youknowIusedtoworkforyears.(05)A.thatB.whichC.whereD.what解析:此題中關(guān)系詞和其引導(dǎo)的從句的主謂構(gòu)造被插入語"youknow〞分隔,從句中主謂語構(gòu)造完整,缺少地點(diǎn)狀語。故答案為C。六、考察關(guān)系代詞asas作關(guān)系代詞主要用于非限制性定語從句指代整個主句,在從句常做主語或賓語;其引導(dǎo)的定語從句可以放在主句之前、主句之后或主句之間?！窘?jīng)典題賞析】1.TheBeatles,_______manyofyouareoldenoughtoremember,camefromLiverpool.(07**)A.whatB.thatC.howD.as解析:本句主謂語之間插入一個非限制性定語從句,選項(xiàng)中只有as可引導(dǎo)該從句,并作從句中toremember的賓語。故答案為D。2.________Ie*plainedonthephone,yourrequestwillbeconsideredatthene*tmeeting.(05)A.WhenB.AfterC.AsD.Since解析:本句是關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句,并在從句中作e*plained的賓語,而其它三個選項(xiàng)引導(dǎo)句意完整的狀語從句。故答案為C。七、考察定語從句與并列句、其它從句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的辨析學(xué)生常常由于不能理解和掌握同一個連詞的不同功能導(dǎo)致對定語從句與狀語從句、名詞性從句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句或并列句等相混淆?！窘?jīng)典題賞析】1.—Whatdoyouthinkofteaching,Bob"—Ifinditfunandchallenging.Itisajob_______youaredoingsomethingseriousbutinteresting.(09)A.whereB.whichC.whenD.that解析:此題很容易選that,誤認(rèn)為是強(qiáng)調(diào)構(gòu)造"Itis...that〞,當(dāng)把該構(gòu)造取掉后,剩下的局部卻不成立。事實(shí)上,ajob是先行詞,從句主謂賓完整,缺少的只能是地點(diǎn)狀語,因此答案為A。2.ThedoctoradvisedVerastronglythatsheshouldtakeaholiday,but_______didn’thelp.(05全國Ⅲ)A.itB.sheC.whichD.he解析:該題易誤選為which,因?yàn)闊o視了并列連詞but后連接簡單句;代詞it的用法之一就是代替前面所指容。故答案為A。3._______isreportedinthenewspaper,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.(04)A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What解析:該題學(xué)生容易無視逗號的作用而誤選為It,而It作形式主語時,逗號應(yīng)改為that引導(dǎo)詞即:Itisreported...thattalks....如果用What表達(dá)此句意時,全句應(yīng)改Whatisreported...isthattalks....而關(guān)系代詞As可以指代逗號后的整個主句,引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。此題考察非限制性定語從句中as的用法,又考察了對定語從句與名詞性從句的掌握。所以此類題綜合性非常強(qiáng),難度較大。八、考察關(guān)系代詞的省略關(guān)系代詞that,who(m),which在限定性定語從句中作賓語時,在口語中?？梢允÷浴！窘?jīng)典題賞析】1.ThehouseIgrewup______hasbeentakendownandreplacedbyanofficebuilding.(09)A.initB.inC.inthatD.inwhich解析:此題題干中Thehouse后省略了作賓語的關(guān)系代詞that,which。定語從句只缺少介詞in。故答案為B。2.—Whydoesshealwaysaskyouforhelp"—Thereisnooneelse_______,isthere"(05)A.whototurntoB.shecanturntoC.forwhomtoturnD.forhertoturn解析:該題中的nooneelse后面省略了作賓語的關(guān)系代詞whom或who;習(xí)慣短語"turnto〞表示"向*人求助〞,故答案選B?！拘〗Y(jié)】在*一名詞或代詞后出現(xiàn)從句,題干中又沒出現(xiàn)連詞時,通常省略的是that,解題時加上that,會有助于清晰地理解整個句子構(gòu)造。不妨試一試!總之,在做定語從句相關(guān)試題的時候,我們首先要判斷出來該句是否是一個定語從句,其次找出先行詞,并看從句中是否缺少成分。準(zhǔn)確的分析句子的成分是能否做對試題的關(guān)鍵。事實(shí)上,定語從句在高考各個題型中都有涉及,掌握定語從句對于語言理解和運(yùn)用都具有重要的意義?！靖呖荚囶}】1.WheneverImether,_______wasfairlyoften,shegreetedmewithasweetsmile.(09)A.whoB.whichC.whenD.that2.Anyway,thatevening,_______I’lltellyoumoreaboutlater,IendedupstayingatRachel’splace.(04)A.whenB.whereC.whatD.which3.Manychildren,_______parentsareawayworkinginbigcities,aretakengoodcareofinthevillage.(09)A.theirB.whoseC.ofthemD.withwhom4.Lifeislikealongrace_______wepetewithotherstogobeyondourselves.(09重慶)A.whyB.whatC.thatD.where5.Somepre-schoolchildrengotoadaycarecenter,_______theylearnsimplegamesandsongs.(07全國I)A.thenB.thereC.whileD.where6.Thosesuccessfuldeafdancersthinkthatdancingisanactivity_______sightmattersmorethanhearing.(07**)A.whenB.whoseC.whichD.where7.Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors,_______arebeyondourcontrol.(08)A.mostofthemB.mostofwhichC.mostofwhatD.mostofthat8.Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,noneof_______Ihadevermetbefore.(09全國I)A.themB.whoC.whomD.these9.Ericreceivedtraininginputerforoneyear,_______hefoundajobinabigpany.(07)A.afterthatB.afterwhichC.afteritD.afterthis10.Becauseofthefinancialcrisis,daysaregone_______local5-starhotelscharged6,000yuanforonenight.(09年)A.ifB.whenC.whichD.since11.Ihavereachedapointinmylife_______Iamsupposedtomakedecisionsofmyown.(09)A.whichB.whereC.howD.why12._______hasbeenannounced,weshallhaveourfinale*amsne*tmonth.(03春)A.ThatB.AsC.ItD.What13._______isoftenthecase;wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.(04)A.WhichB.WhenC.WhatD.As14.IwasborninNewOrleans,Louisiana;acity_______namewillcreateapictureofbeautifultreesandgreengrassinourmind.(09)A.whichB.ofwhichC.thatD.whose15.—Wheredidyougettoknowher"