英文語(yǔ)法第八講并列句和狀語(yǔ)從句

第八講并列句和狀語(yǔ)從句1．表并列、遞進(jìn)或順承關(guān)系：and,both...and...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...,aswellaseq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)Theearthisoneoftheplanetsofthesolarsystem,andthemoonisitssatellite.地球是太陽(yáng)系中的一顆行星，月球是地球的衛(wèi)星。2．表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：but,yet,whereas,neverthelesseq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)Itisoftensaidthatthejoyoftravelingisnotinarrivingatyourdestinationbutinthejourneyitself.人們常說旅行的樂趣不在于你最終到達(dá)目的地，而在旅行本身。3．表選擇關(guān)系：either...or,not...but...,or,otherwise,orelse,ratherthaneq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)Nowyoucanhavearestoryoucangotothecinema.現(xiàn)在你可以休息，或者去看電影。4．表因果關(guān)系：for(表“由于”，一般不放在句首),so,thereforeeq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)Hefounditincreasinglydifficulttoread,forhiseyesightwasbeginningtofail.由于他的視力開始下降，他發(fā)現(xiàn)讀書越來(lái)越困難了。5．when“就在這時(shí)，突然”，常用于以下句式：(1)sb.beabouttodo/onthepointofdoingsth.when...某人正要做某事，突然……(2)sb.bedoingsth.when...某人正在做某事，突然……(3)sb.haddonesth.when...某人剛做完某事，突然……eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)OneFriday,wewerepackingtoleaveforaweekendawaywhenmydaughterheardcriesforhelp.當(dāng)我們周五在收拾行李要去度周末時(shí)，我的女兒突然聽到了呼救聲。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)Shehadjustfinishedherhomeworkwhenhermotheraskedhertopracticeplayingthepianoyesterday.昨天她剛完成家庭作業(yè)，她媽媽就讓她練習(xí)鋼琴。and與or用于并列句祈使句＋and＋陳述句，and表順承關(guān)系祈使句＋or＋陳述句，or表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)Findwaystopraiseyourchildrenoften,andyou’llfindtheywillopentheirheartstoyou.設(shè)法常常表?yè)P(yáng)你的孩子，這樣你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)他們樂意向你敞開心扉。單句語(yǔ)法填空1．(2016·貴州貴陽(yáng)高三統(tǒng)考)Keepitinmind,____________graduallywecangainthisgoodlearninghabitandbenefitfromit.答案：and2．(2016·廣西桂林二模)Theycaneitherchoosetoacceptthechallenge____________donate100dollars,ordotheboth.答案：or3．(2015·北京高考單項(xiàng)填空)Heisashyman,____________heisnotafraidofanythingoranyone.答案：but4．(2016·齊齊哈爾二模)IwasonmywaytotheTaiyetosMountains.Thesunwassetting____________mycarbrokedownneararemotevillage.答案：when時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句when,while和as的用法連詞含義及用法例句when“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”,可與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或短暫性動(dòng)詞連用；從句動(dòng)作可以發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前、之后或與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生Whenyouapplyforajob,youmustpresentyourcertificates.當(dāng)你申請(qǐng)工作時(shí)，你必須遞交你的有關(guān)證件。while“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”,一般只可與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用，從句動(dòng)作與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生Marymadecoffeewhileherguestswerefinishingtheirmeal.客人們就要吃完的時(shí)候，瑪麗去煮咖啡了。續(xù)表連詞含義及用法例句as“一邊……一邊……”，常與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用，從句動(dòng)作與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生Ashegrewolder,hebecamelessactive.隨著他逐漸長(zhǎng)大，他變得不那么活潑了。地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句、原因狀語(yǔ)從句1．地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句表示地點(diǎn)、方位，通常由where,wherever引導(dǎo)，可置于句首、句中或句尾。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)IcannotheartheprofessorclearlyasthereistoomuchnoisewhereIamsitting.因?yàn)槲易牡胤皆胍籼?，所以聽不清教授在說什么。[易錯(cuò)警示]where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句與狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別在于從句在句中所作的成分，如果作狀語(yǔ)，則是狀語(yǔ)從句；如果作定語(yǔ)，則是定語(yǔ)從句。瘙
嚔Atallbuildingwasputupwherethereusedtobeadesert.,在以前曾是沙漠的地方蓋起了一幢高樓。(狀語(yǔ)從句)瘙
嚔Atallbuildingwasputupattheplacewherethereusedtobeadesert.(定語(yǔ)從句)2．原因狀語(yǔ)從句原因狀語(yǔ)從句可由because,as,since,nowthat等詞引導(dǎo)：(1)because譯作“因?yàn)椤保碇苯釉?，語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)，能回答由why提出的問句。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)TheoldmanaskedLucytomovetoanotherchairbecausehewantedtositnexttohiswife.那位老人讓露西換坐到另一把椅子上，因?yàn)樗氚ぶ拮幼?2)as(由于),since(既然),nowthat/inthat(既然),表雙方都知道的原因，語(yǔ)氣較弱。as,since和nowthat引導(dǎo)的從句多位于主句之前。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)Nowthatyouhavedonethat,stopblamingyourself.既然你已經(jīng)做了，就不要自責(zé)了。條件狀語(yǔ)從句、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句1．條件狀語(yǔ)從句(1)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的常見引導(dǎo)詞if,unless(＝if...not),so/aslongas(只要),onconditionthat(條件是),so/asfaras,ifonly,providedthat(如果),incase(萬(wàn)一，如果),suppose/supposingthat(假設(shè)，如果)等均可引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)Myparentsdon’tmindwhatjobIdoaslongasIamhappy.我的父母不在意我從事什么工作，只要我高興就好。(2)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)含義；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表即將完成之后的情況；一般過去時(shí)表過去將來(lái)的含義。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)Ifeveryonedoeshispart,theprojectwillsurelybeasuccess.如果大家都盡責(zé)，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目肯定會(huì)成功。2．結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句由so...that...,such...that...,sothat引導(dǎo)。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)ThereissolittletimeleftthatIdon’tthinkIcanfinishitasscheduled.剩下這么少的時(shí)間，我想我不能按時(shí)完成。讓步狀語(yǔ)從句1．a(chǎn)lthough,though,while引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)Though/Although/Whileregularexerciseisveryimportant,it’sneveragoodideatoexercisetooclosetobedtime.盡管有規(guī)律的鍛煉很重要，但臨睡前鍛煉不是個(gè)好主意。2．a(chǎn)s,though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句常倒裝。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)Hotas/thoughthenightairwas,wesleptdeeplybecauseweweresotiredafterthelongjourney.在長(zhǎng)途跋涉之后，盡管夜晚的空氣很熱，我們還是因?yàn)槔鬯煤苁臁?．疑問詞＋-ever/nomatter＋疑問詞引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“無(wú)論……”。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)Howeverhardyoutry,itisdifficulttoloseweightwithoutcuttingdowntheamountyoueat.不管你多么努力，如果不減少飯量，減肥很難。4．whether...or...引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“不論……還是……”，提供兩種對(duì)比情況。eq\a\vs4\al(

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嚔)We’llgoonwiththework,whetherwecanfindthenecessarytoolsorwecannot.不管我們能否找到所需的工具，我們都要把這件工作做下去。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)單句語(yǔ)法填空1．(2016·長(zhǎng)春六中模擬)Itisnearlyfifteenyears____________Ilastsawher—sheistheownerofalocalrestaurantwhereIbrieflyworkedonesummerasawaitress.答案：since2．(2016·海南海口高三診斷)Somedeepthoughtsletusknowthatwhenevenasmallmistakehasbeenmade,yourfeelingwillstayoutofbalance________________themistakeisacknowledgedandyourregretisexpressed.答案：until/till3．(2016·吉林省實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)二模)____________Shirleywasthreeyearsold,herparentssentherandhersisterstolivewiththeirgrandmotherinBarbados.答案：When4．(2016·甘肅白銀質(zhì)檢)DuringtheSpringFestival,therewaslessairpollution____________fireworkswereforbidden.答案：as/because5．(2015·湖南高考完形填空)It’ssimplerbecause,____________youhaveacomputer,youcanfindinformationyouneedbysearchingtheInternet.答案：if6．(2015·安徽高考單項(xiàng)填空)____________scientistshavelearnedalotabouttheuniverse,thereismuchwestilldon’tknow.答案：Although/Though/Whileeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)單句改錯(cuò)1．Youseemtohaveaready-madeanswerwhateverIaskyouaquestion.whatever→whenever2．You’dbetterbookroomsatthehotelinadvanceincaseofyoushouldfindnoroomonyourarrival.去掉of3．—Idon’tmindhowyoudoitunlessyoufinishthepaintingontime.—OK,Isee.unless→if4．Airpollutionisgettingmoreandmoreserious,sowemusttakeactionafteritistoolate.after→before5．—Whendidyougethomelastnight?—Itwasalmostmidnightsincewearrivedhome.since→wheneq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)單句語(yǔ)法填空1．(2015·廣東高考語(yǔ)法填空)Oneday,thecowwaseatinggrass____________itbegantorainheavily.答案：when2．Don’tturnoffthecomputerbeforeclosingallprograms____________youcouldhaveproblems.答案：or3．(2016·山東濰坊二模)Thepolicemanlookedatmesuspiciously,____________askedmewhatIwanted.答案：and4．(2016·河南羅山高中二模)SoItoldthecashiertoaddtheballoonstomypurchases.Theoldcouplesrefusedatfirst____________Iinsisted.答案：but5．(2016·江西南昌調(diào)研)OnAugust24,1853,acustomerreturnedhisfriedpotatoestothekitchen,____________theyweren’tcrunchy(脆的)enough.答案：because6．(2016·河南羅山高中二模)Theyseemedtobetoonervousandweretooanxioustoleave,soIasked____________theywantedtogoaheadofmeornot.答案：whether7．(2016·唐山一中仿真模擬)Gateswasonly20yearsold____________hefirsthelpedtosetupthecompanyin1975.答案：when8．(2016·曲阜市三校模擬)OnceIsuddenlyfoundmylongtimeusedumbrella“disappeared”.Ireallygotlost____________regrettedquitesometimeformyowncarelessness.答案：and9．(2016·山東滕州4月模擬)____________theboyisanythinglikehisfather,hewillgrowtobeamanyoucanbeproudof.答案：If10．(2016·濰坊高考模擬)Theywerealsoquitesurethatacigaretteenddidn’tstartthefire.However,severalhourspassed____________afiremanaccidentallydiscoveredthecause.答案：before11．(2016·江西上饒模擬)Soyouhavetothinkaboutstormsinsummer;thinkaboutrocks____________youenjoythesandandsun.答案：when/as/while12．(2016·江西九江模擬)TheTeaHousehasopenedthreechainshops____________itfirstappearedin1999.答案：since13．(2016·湖南常德一中月考)____________Icouldexpressmythankstothetraveler,hehadalreadydisappearedintherain.答案：Before14．(2016·陜西質(zhì)量檢測(cè))Sticktowhatyouthinkisright,____________youwillgainasurprisinghappyending.答案：and15．(2016·山東威海期中)Mypartnerwantstokeepthecompanysmall____________I’dliketoexpandit.答案：but/whileeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)單句改錯(cuò)1．(2016·安徽合肥一模)Thoughithasbeenoneyearbeforehecametothecity,heknowseverystreetherelikethebackofhishand.before→since2．(2016·福建福州三中期中)—WhatdidhethinkofthetriptoBeijinglastmonth?—HehadsuchagoodtimebeforehevisitedtheGreatWall.before→when3．(2016·河南高考適應(yīng)性測(cè)試)MuchalthoughIamfondofher,Ican’texpressmyselfinwords.although→as/though4．(2016·安徽安慶五校聯(lián)考)Sorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong,butit’llstillbesometimesinceMr.Smithisavailable.since→before5．Don’tpresstheredbutton，andyouwillsetoffthealarm.and→or6．Itwasthelate1930sthatJ．R.R.TolkienbegantowritetheopeningchaptersofTheLordoftheRings.that→when7．ItissaidthatChinesepeoplearelivingforothers，whentheAmericansareforthemselves.when→while8．Ifitturnsouttobegoodorbad，we’llfindoutmoreinformationtoprovethetheory.If→Whethereq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)語(yǔ)法填空CavalierKingCharlesSpanielThisdogisvery1.____________(access)andlikesgettingclosetoeveryoneitmeets.Thiskindofdogissocutethateventhoughitmighthaveneverseenyou2.____________，ifitseesyousittingdownandlookinglovely,itwilljumpontoyourlapandshowyou3.____________(kind).Thesedogsarenottherightchoiceifyouarelookingforawatchdog,butifyouwantanhonestcompanion,youneedlookno4.____________(far).Ifyouacceptthemasapartofyourfamily,theywillprovideyouwithloveandaffection.Butbesidesbeingloving,theyarealsoveryplayfulandlikechasingothersmallanimals,so5.____________(keep)themonachainwhengoingforawalkwouldbeasmartthingtodo.Iftheirpersonalitydoesn’tmakeyourheart6.____________(melt),theirbeautifuleyes7.____________，andwhenyouseethewarmthinthemyouwillfeeltheurgetopetthem—andthatisexactly8.____________theywant.Thisdogisalong-termcommitment,andyourlifecould9.____________(enrich)byitscompanyifyouareready10.____________that.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了騎士查理王犬的個(gè)性及特征。1．a(chǎn)ccessible解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。系動(dòng)詞后接形容詞作表語(yǔ)，accessible意為“易接近的”。2．before解析：考查副詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處指的是“即使它之前從未見過你”,故要用before,before與完成時(shí)連用。3．kindness解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。show后接雙賓語(yǔ)，且you為間接賓語(yǔ)，故用名詞kindness作直接賓語(yǔ)。4．further/farther解析：考查比較級(jí)。由語(yǔ)境可知，此處指“你不需要再找了”,應(yīng)用副詞比較級(jí)。5．keeping解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)，故用keeping。6．melt解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處是“make＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，heart與melt之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用省略to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。注意：melt表示“態(tài)度軟下來(lái)，變得溫和有同情心”時(shí)，是不及物動(dòng)詞。7．will解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)。if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句用了一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)，故主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。注意：will后的makeyourheartmelt承前省略。8．what解析：考查表語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，且在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，故用what。9．beenriched解析：考查動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句子的主語(yǔ)yourlife與enrich之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，再根據(jù)could可知，該空填beenriched。10．for解析：考查介詞。此處是bereadyfor“為……做好準(zhǔn)備”的搭配，故填介詞for。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅳ)短文改錯(cuò)(2016·江西新余二模)Ourgovernmentisbuilta“harmonioussociety”.Itisourdutytoworkhardtoachievethisgoals.Firstofall，weshouldloveourmotherland，caringaboutthedevelopm