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被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一、語(yǔ)態(tài)概述英語(yǔ)中有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài):主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。如:ManypeoplespeakEnglish.謂語(yǔ):speak的動(dòng)作是由主語(yǔ)manypeople來(lái)執(zhí)行的。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者,即行為動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。所謂“被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)”,相當(dāng)于中文中常說(shuō)的“被……”、“由……”的句式,如:“他的自行車(chē)被偷了?!?,再如:Englishisspokenbymanypeople.主語(yǔ)English是動(dòng)詞speak的承受者。判斷:看下面的兩個(gè)例句,你來(lái)判斷哪個(gè)是主動(dòng)哪個(gè)是被動(dòng)?Heopenedthedoor.他開(kāi)了門(mén)。(____________)Thedoorwasopened.門(mén)被開(kāi)了。(____________)二、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成:be動(dòng)詞+Vp.p被動(dòng)特點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)賓,用be加上過(guò)去分。行為對(duì)象作主語(yǔ),邏輯主語(yǔ)by來(lái)引。1.Englishis___________(speak)inCanada.2.Theblouseis___________(make)ofsilk.3.Englishis___________(speak)bymanypeople.誰(shuí)做的動(dòng)作不知道,說(shuō)出誰(shuí)做的沒(méi)必要。動(dòng)作承受者需強(qiáng)調(diào),用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)莫忘了。1.Somestampswere___________(steal)lastweek.2.ThePRCwas___________(found)onOctober1,1949.3.Footballis___________(play)inmostmiddleschools.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)須留意,P.P前面助動(dòng)be.be+P.Pam(is,are)現(xiàn)在時(shí),am(is,are)+P.Pwas和were表過(guò)去。was(were)+P.P完成have(has)been。have(has)been+P.P將來(lái),情態(tài),be原形。will(can,may,must)be+P.P進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)兩個(gè)be,前表時(shí)態(tài)后加ing。am(is,are)+being+P.P被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be+與物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。人稱(chēng)、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化是通過(guò)be的變化表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的。凡是漢語(yǔ)中帶“被”的句子,都能轉(zhuǎn)換成英語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。三.幾種常用時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)——1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):am/is/are+過(guò)去分詞肯定句:Bikesare___________(sell)inthatshop.否定句:Bikesarenotsoldinthatshop.疑問(wèn)句:Arebikessoldinthatshop?Yes,theyare./No,theyaren't.2.一般過(guò)去時(shí):was/were+過(guò)去分詞肯定句:Hewas___________(save)in1999.否定句:Hewasnotsavedin1999.疑問(wèn)句:Washesavedin1999?Yes,hewas./No,hewasn't.3.一般將來(lái)時(shí):shall/will/begoingto+be+過(guò)去分詞肯定句:AnEnglishclasswillbe___________(give)byJacktomorrow.否定句:AnEnglishclasswillnotbegivenbyJacktomorrow.疑問(wèn)句:WillanEnglishclassbegivenbyJacktomorrow?4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):am/is/are+being+過(guò)去分詞肯定句:Acarisbeing___________(drive)now.否定句:Acarisnotbeingdrivennow.疑問(wèn)句:Isacarbeingdrivennow?Yes,itis./No,itisn't.5.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):have/has+been+過(guò)去分詞肯定句:Aroadhasbeen___________(build)bythegovernment.否定句:Aroadhasn'tbeenbuiltbythegovernment.疑問(wèn)句:Hasaroadbeenbuiltbythegovernment?Yes,ithas./No,ithasn't.6.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+P.P1)Thisclockcanbe___________(repair)here.2)Thetreesmaybe___________(plant)atothertimesoftheyear.3)Thecompositionmustbe___________(hand)inafterclass.4)Theyoungtreesshouldbe___________(plant)inspring.四、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法(1)不知道或沒(méi)有必要說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)。例如:Somenewcomputerswere___________(steal)lastnight.一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。(不知道電腦是誰(shuí)偷的)Thisbookwas___________(publish)in1981.這本書(shū)出版于1981年。(2)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者,而不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。例如:Thewindowwas___________(break)byMike.窗戶(hù)是邁克打破的。Thisbookwas___________(write)byhim.這本書(shū)是他寫(xiě)的。Eighthoursperdayforsleepmustbeguaranteed.每天8小時(shí)睡眠必須得到保證。五、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法(1)把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。(2)把謂語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)(be+過(guò)去分詞)(根據(jù)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子里的主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)和數(shù),以與原來(lái)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)決定be的形式)。(3)把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主語(yǔ)放在介詞by之后作賓語(yǔ),將主格改為賓格。例如:1.Allthepeople___________(laugh)athim.→Hewas___________(laugh)atbyallpeople.2.They___________(make)thebikesinthefactory.→Thebikesare___________(make)bytheminthefactory.六、補(bǔ)充一些賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞如make,see,hear等在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中可以接動(dòng)詞原形(實(shí)為省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式)作為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞在變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是一定要注意恢復(fù)to。如:Hemademestandoutside.→Iwasmadetostandoutside(byhim).Isawhimplayfootball.→Hewasseentoplayfootball(byhim).專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)一、選擇題(
)1._____anewlibrary_____inourschoollastyear?A.Is;built
B.Was;built
C.Does;build
D.Did;build(
)2.Anaccident____onthisroadlastweek.A.hasbeenhappened
B.washappened
C.ishappened
D.happened(
)3.Cotton(棉花)____inthesoutheastofChina.A.isgrown
B.aregrown
C.grows
D.grow(
)4.AtalkonChinesehistory_____intheschoolhallnextweek.
A.isgiven
B.hasbeengiven
C.willbegiven
D.gives
(
)5.Howmanytrees____thisyear?
A.areplanted
B.willplant
C.havebeenplanted
D.planted
(
)6.Alotofthings____bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.
A.aredoing
B.arebeingdone
C.hasbeendone
D.willbedone
(
)7.TheGreatWall____allovertheworld.
A.knows
B.knew
C.isknown
D.wasknown()8.Thechildren____bythenurse.
A.werelooked
B.lookedafterC.werelookedafterD.looked()9.He___somepiecesofadvice,buthe____tothem.
A.gave,didn'tlisten
B.wasgiven,wasn'tlistened
C.give,wasn'tlistenedD.wasgiven,didn'tlisten()10.Thequestion____byussoon.
A.isgoingtodiscuss
B.willdiscuss
C.isgoingtobediscussedD.hasbeendiscussed()11.Thelab____aboutfiveyearsago.
A.wasbuiltB.wasbuiltC.buildsD.hasbeenbuilt()12.Alotoftallbuildings_____inhishometowninthelastthreeyears.
A.havesetupB.havebeensetupC.weresetupD.setup()13.They____printing500copiesbytheendoflastmonth.
A.hadfinishedB.havefinishedC.hadbeenfinishedD.havebeenfinished()14.Rice___also_____intheirhometown.
A.is…grownB.is…grewC.was…grewD.was…grown()15.He____bytheteachers.
A.isalwayspraisedB.praises
C.havebeenpraisedD.alwaysispraised()16.Thepicture______
inOctober,1996.
A.wastakingB.hadbeentakenC.wastakenD.hadtaken()17.Wecan'tusethebridgenow,becauseit______.
A.hasbeenrepairedB.isrepairingC.isrepairedD.isbeingrepaired()18.I______thewaytotherailwaystationbyapoliceman.
A.wasshownB.showedC.haveshownD.wasshowing()19.Thewar______in1941.
A.brokeout
B.hadbeenbrokenout
C.wasbrokenoutD.hadbrokenout()20.Whenwater______,itwillbechangedintovapour.
A.isheatedB.heatingC.hasheatedD.heats()21.Wecan'tentertheroombecauseitsdoor______.
A.lockedB.locksC.islockedD.islocking()22.They______dayandnight.
A.aremadework
B.aremadetoworkmadetobeworkedD.aremakingtowork()23.Man-madesatellites______intospacebymanycountries.A.wassentup
B.issentup
C.havebeensentupD.hasbeensentup()24.ThisEnglishsong_____often_____bythechildren.A.is,singingB.is,sungC.will,singD.was,sung
()25.Thewindowsofourhouse_____onceaweek.A.mustcleanB.havecleanedC.iscleanedD.arecleaned
()26.When______thePeople'sRepublicofChina_____?
A.was,foundB.was,foundedC.did,foundD.does,found
()27.Mary'sradio______bymybrotherjustnow.
A.willbemendedB.hasmendedC.wasmendedD.mended
()28.Sometreesmay______atothertimesoftheyear.
A.beplantedB.plantC.areplantedD.willbeplanted
()29.AnewEnglishplay_____therenextweek.
A.willputonB.willbeputonC.isgoingtoputonD.willbeputtedon
()30.Astrangething_____inourschoolyesterday.
A.washappenedB.hasbeenhappenedC.happenedD.wasgoingtohappen
()31.Theglass______.It_____bylittleTomthismorning.
A.broke,isbroken
B.isbroken,wasbroken
C.wasbroken,brokeD.hasbeenbroken,broken
二、用括號(hào)所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。(請(qǐng)注意時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)兩個(gè)方面噢)1.It'ssaid(據(jù)說(shuō))thatthelongbridge______________(build)intwomonths.2.Wheretohavethemeeting______________(discuss)now.3.Whichlanguage_______themostwidely_______(speak)intheworld?4.Thelostboy_____________(notfind)sofar.5.Lastyearalargenumberoftrees______________(cut)down.6.Vegetables,eggsandfruits_________(sell)inthisshop.
7What_______knives
______(make)of?
8.They_______________(make)ofmetal(金屬)andwood.
9.Canthemagazine________(take)outofthelibrary?
10.Theroom_____________(clean)bymeeveryday.
11.Thestarscan’t_____________(see)inthedaytime.
12.Howlong_____youruncle______(be)inthecity?
13.Thefood_____________(smell)delicious.14.Look!Someone__________(dance).三、按要求改寫(xiě)下列句子,一空一詞。1.TeagrowsinSouthChina.(改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))___________________________________________.ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong.(改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
AnEnglishsong______
______
_______bythechildren.
3.Youneedn'tdoitnow.(改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
It______
________
________byyounow.
4.Peopleusemetalformakingmachines.(改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
Metal________
_________
_______makingmachines.
5.Hemademedothatforhim.(改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
I______
________
________
______thatforhim.
6.Theyhavesoldoutthelightgreendresses.(改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
Thelightgreendresses________
_________
___________out.
7.Wecallthegame“Lianliankan”.(改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))Thegame_______
________“Lianliankan”byus.四.把下列句子改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1.Parentstakecareoftheirkids._____________________________________________________________________2.
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