中考沖刺專題二-冠詞

中考沖刺專題二—冠詞【主要考點(diǎn)】1.不定冠詞a與an的用法

2.定冠詞the的用法

3."零"冠詞

4.基數(shù)詞的用法5.序數(shù)詞的用法【名師點(diǎn)睛】一.冠詞的用法冠詞是虛詞，放在名詞之前，用來說明名詞指的人或事物。冠詞有兩種。A(an)叫不定冠詞，the叫定冠詞。A用在輔音之前，an用在元音之前。1.不定冠詞的用法(1)a和an均用在單數(shù)名詞之前，表示某一類人或事物。例如：Johnisastudent.MaryisanEnglishteacher.(2)指某一類人或事物中的任何一個(gè)。例如:Asteelworkermakessteel.Passmeanapple,please.(3)指某人或某物，但不具體說明何人或和物。例如：Astudentwantstoseeyou.Agirliswaitingforyououtside.(4)表示“每一”的意思，相當(dāng)于every。例如：Takethemedicinethreetimesaday.Theygotoseetheirparentsonceaweek.2.定冠詞用法(1)特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。例如：ThebookonthedeskisanEnglishdictionary.BeijingisthecapitalofChina.(2)指說話人和聽話人都熟悉的人或事物。例如：Openthedoor,please.Jackisinthelibrary.(3)上文提到過的人或事物。例如：YesterdayJohn’sfatherboughthimanewbike.Thebikecosthim200yuan.(4)表示世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物。例如：Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.(5)用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí)之前。例如：ShanghaiisthebiggestcityinChina.Januaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.(6)用在某些形容詞之前，表示某一類人或事物。例如：Thenurseiskindtothesick.Weshouldtakegoodcareoftheold.(7)用在某些專有名詞之前和某些習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中。例如：theGreatWall,theSummerpalace,inthemorning,intheopenair等。(8)用在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)之前，表示“某某一家人”，“某某夫婦”。例如：theBrowns,thewhites等。3.不用冠詞的情況(1)某些專有名詞，抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞前一般不用冠詞。例如：China,Canada,Japanese,glass,water,love等。(2)名詞前已有作定語(yǔ)用的this,that,my,your,whose,some,any,no,each,every等代詞時(shí)，不用冠詞。例如：Thatismycap.Ihavesomequestions.Godownthisstreet.(3)復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人或事物時(shí)，不用冠詞。Theyareworkers.Wearestudents.(4)稱呼語(yǔ)前不用冠詞，表示頭銜和職務(wù)的名詞前也不加冠詞。例如：Idon’tfeelwelltoday,Mother.BushwasmadepresidentoftheU.S.(5)三餐飯的名稱前，球類活動(dòng)，學(xué)科和節(jié)目名詞前，常不用冠詞。例如：Ihavelunchathome.Heoftenplaysfootballafterclass.WehaveEnglishandmathseveryday.(6)在某些固定詞組里，名詞之前常不用冠詞。例如：Byair,atnight,athome,gotobed,gotoschool,onfoot,frommorningtillnight等。二.數(shù)詞的用法數(shù)詞分基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞。基數(shù)詞表示數(shù)目，序數(shù)詞表示順序。1.基數(shù)詞的用法(1)基數(shù)詞在句中主要用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)，例如：ThirtyofthemarePartymembers.（主語(yǔ)）---Howmanywouldyoulike？---Three，please．（作賓語(yǔ)）

ThenineboysarefromTianjing.（定語(yǔ)）

Sixplusfouristen.（表語(yǔ)）

Wefourwillgowithyou.（同位語(yǔ)）

(2)表示一個(gè)具體數(shù)字時(shí)，hundred,thousand,million一律不用復(fù)數(shù)；在表示一個(gè)不確定數(shù)字時(shí)則用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：Ourcountryhasapopulationof1,300millionpeople.Therearethreethousandstudentsinourschool.Afterthewar,thousandsofpeoplebecamehomeless.Maizeisthemostimportantfoodcropformillionsofpeopleintheworld.Theyarrivedintwosandthrees．(3)表示“……十”的數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式可用來表示人的歲數(shù)或年代，例如：Heisinhisearlythirties．Hediedstillinhisforties．Thistookplacein1930s．(4)表示時(shí)刻用基數(shù)詞。例如：Wegetupatsix.Theworkersbeginworkateight.表示“幾點(diǎn)過幾分”，用介詞past,但須在半小時(shí)以內(nèi)。例如：tenpastten,aquarterpastnine,halfpasttwelve表示“幾點(diǎn)差幾分”用介詞to,但分?jǐn)?shù)須在半小時(shí)以上。例如：twentytonine,fivetoeight,aquartertoten表示“幾點(diǎn)幾分”還可直接用基數(shù)詞。例如：sevenfifteen,eleventhirty,ninetwenty2.序數(shù)詞的用法（1）序數(shù)詞主要用作定語(yǔ)，前面要加定冠詞，例如：Thefirsttruckiscarryingafootbaskets．

Johnlivesonthefifteenthfloor．（2）序數(shù)詞有時(shí)前面可加不定冠詞來表示“再一”，“又一”這樣的意思，例如：We'llhavetodoitasecondtime．ShallIaskhimathirdtime？

WhenIsatdown，afourthmanrosetospeak．（3）由幾個(gè)序數(shù)詞和基數(shù)詞在拼寫時(shí)不對(duì)應(yīng)，很容易寫錯(cuò)，應(yīng)特別注意。它們是：one---first,two---second,three---third,five---fifth,eight---eighth,nine---ninth,twelve---twelfth。（4）表示年，月，日時(shí)，年用基數(shù)詞表示，日用序數(shù)詞表示。例如：1949年十月一日讀作:October(the)first,nineteensixty2004年九月十日讀作：September(the)tenth,twothousandandfour（5）表示分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí)，分子用基數(shù)詞表示，分母用序數(shù)詞表示。分子大于1時(shí)，分母加-s。例如：threefourths,onesecond,twofifths（6）序數(shù)詞有時(shí)用縮寫形式：

first→1st

second→2nd

third→3rd

fourth→4th

twenty-second→22nd【實(shí)例解析】1.(2004年上海市徐匯區(qū)中考試題)About________studentsinourclasscandescribethatplaceinEnglish.A.three-fifthsB.three-fifthC.third-fiveD.third-fifths答案：A。該題考查的是分?jǐn)?shù)的表示法。分子用基數(shù)詞表示，分母用序數(shù)詞表示。分子大于1時(shí)，分母應(yīng)加-s，因此應(yīng)選A。2.(2004年河北省中考試題)Nine_______poundsaweek?That’sverygood.A.hundredofB.hundredsofC.hundredsD.hundred答案：D。該題考查的是數(shù)詞的用法。Ninehundred是一個(gè)具體的數(shù)量，這是數(shù)詞不能用復(fù)數(shù)形式，后面也不能加of。所以應(yīng)選D。3.(2004年北京市海淀區(qū)中考試題)Weoftenhavesportsafterclass,andIliketoplay_______basketball.A.aB.anC.theD.不填答案：D。該題考查的是冠詞的用法。球類運(yùn)動(dòng)之前不加冠詞，因此應(yīng)選D。4.(2004年江西省中考試題)Thisis_______songI’vetoldyouabout.Isn’tit_______beautifulone?A.the;theB.a;aC.the;aD.a;the答案：C。該題考查的是冠詞的用法。第一個(gè)空是特指，特指我給你說過的那首歌，第二個(gè)空是表示某一個(gè)類別。所以應(yīng)選C?！局锌佳菥殹恳?.單項(xiàng)填空1.ThismorningIhad________eggandabottleofmilkformybreakfast.A.anB.aC.theD./2.---What’sthematterwithyou?---Icaught________badcoldandhadtostayin________.A.a;/B.a;theC.a;aD.the;the3.---Haveyouseen_______pen?Ileftitherethismorning.---Isit________blackone?IthinkIsawitsomewhere.A.a;theB.the;theC.the;aD.a;a4._______sunisshiningbrightly.A.AB.AnC.TheD./5.Thereis_______“h”inthewordhour.A.aB.theC.anD./6.DidyouenjoyyourstayinXian?Yes.Ihad_______wonderfultime.A.aB.anC.theD./7.______sunisbiggerthan_______earth.A.A;theB.A;anC.The;anD.The;the8.Thereis_______appleandsomepearsonthetable.A.theB./C.aD.an9.Davidhas_______cat.It’sverynice.A.aB.anC.theD./10.I’mreading_______novel.Itis_______interestingstory.A.a;anB.a;aC.the;theD./;an11.ItissaidthatSARShaskilledmorethan________peopleworldwide.A.threehundredsB.threehundreds’C.threehundred’sD.threehundred12.---Howmanyworkersarethereinyourfactory?---Therearetwo__________.A.hundredsB.hundredC.hundredofD.hundredsof13.---Whichisthesmallestnumberofthefour?---_______________.A.Two-thirdsB.AhalfC.AquarterD.Three-fourths14.---Whatdoyouthinkofawar,LiMing?---I’venoidea.Butit’safactthat_______peoplehadtoleavetheirhometownduringtheWaronIraq.A.threethousandsB.thousandofC.thousandsofD.severalthousands15.Weallthinkthatthe_______centurywillbringusmorehopes.A.twenty-firstB.twentieth-firstC.twenty-oneD.twentieth-one16.---Canyouwritethenumbereighty-fivethousand,sixhundredandtwenty-six?---Yes,itis__________.A.856620B.85626C.58662D.5862617.WhenwasthePRCfounded?Itwasfoundedon_________.A.July1,1921B.October1,1949C.August1,1927D.May1,192218.Iwas8yearsoldwhenmyfatherwas31.Thisyearmyfatheristwicemyage.HowoldamI?A.21B.22C.23D.2419._______ChinesearelookingforwaystolearnEnglishwellbeforeBeijing2008Olympics.A.ThousandB.ThousandsC.ThousandofD.Thousandsof20.Bothofthetworulersarebroken.Iwanttobuya_______one.A.threeB.thirdC.forthD./二.句子改錯(cuò)：下面各句A,B,C,D中有一處錯(cuò)誤，請(qǐng)指出并改正。1.Mayisafifthmonthoftheyear.ABCD2.Thefilmhasbeenonforhalfahour.ABCD3.Theboysandthegirlsoftenplaythefootballintheafternoon.ABCD4.Itlooksrain.Whynottakeaumbrellawithyou?ABCD5.LiMeioftengivesussomegoodinformationbythee-meil.AB